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雅思阅读遇到生词你该这么办

时间：2022年12月11日

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下面是小编为大家准备的雅思阅读遇到生词你该这么办，本文共7篇，欢迎阅读借鉴。本文原稿由网友“滚远点滝沢Tamala”提供。

篇1：雅思阅读遇到生词你该这么办

莫慌!雅思阅读遇到生词你该这么办

为了更好地表达文章的主旨，揭示所要诠释的思想，作者常常在文章中对一些比较重要的词汇vocabulary、概念concept和难懂的术语terminology等做出一些解释，这种解释称作针对性解释，它可以提供明确的信息，可以利用这些针对性解释来猜测词义。

雅思阅读猜词之根据定义

如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。

例如：1.Anthropology is the scientific study of man。由定义可知，anthropology(人类学)就是“研究人类的科学”。

2.In slang the term “jam” constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation。

同样，从上下文的定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是“困境”。

定义句的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify, constitute等。

雅思阅读猜词之根据复述

虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。复述部分可以是单词、短语或是从句。

例如：1.Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently。

此处注意同位语，逗号间短语意为“对词意义进行研究的学科”。该短语与前面生词semanties是同位关系，因此我们不难猜出semantics指“语义学”。

在复述中构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号，冒号，分号，引号，和括号等。

2.Capacitance, or the ability to store electric charge, is one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits。

由同位语我们很快猜出生词capacitance词义---电容量。

需要注意的是：同位语前还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say i. e. 等副词或短语出现。

3.定语从句Krabacber suffers from SAD, which is short for seasonal affective disorder, a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings。

根据生词SAD后面定语从句which is short for seasonal affective disorder和同位语a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings, 我们可以推断出 SAD含义，即“季节性情绪紊乱症”。

雅思阅读猜词之根据举例

恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索。

例如：1.The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past。

句中“战争”和“重大科学发现”是生词的实例，通过它们我们可以猜出epochal的大致词义“重要的”，这与其确切含义“划时代的”十分接近。

雅思阅读中所出的文章范围广，领域涉及多面，因此，要考生完全读懂文章是不可能的。这就需要考生们要具有根据上下文或者关键词来猜测词义与长难句的能力。小“烤鸭”们，不要再害怕因读不懂文章而阅读低分了，只要掌握方法并且加强训练，相信每一位同学都可以在雅思阅读考试中获得好成绩!

雅思阅读素材积累： Runaway Devils Lake

Devils Lake is where I began my career as a limnologist in 1964, studying

the lake's neotenic salamanders and chironomids, or midge flies. Back then, the

lake covered about 80 square kilometers, had a maximum depth of about 3 meters

and held about 130,000 acre-feet of water. The lake has since risen 13 meters,

from a surface elevation of 430 meters above mean sea level to 443 meters.

Estimated lake volume is now 4.1 million acre-feet, or about 32 times greater

than it was in 1964, and about 370 times greater than it was in 1940 when the

lake stood at a record low elevation of 427 meters.

The Devils Lake Basin is an endorheic, or closed, basin covering about

9,800 square kilometers in northeastern North Dakota. The basin is at the

epicenter of an unprecedented wet period in the lake's modern-day history going

back to 1867, when the lake's surface elevation was first measured. Basin

climate has become substantially wetter since 1990, with the years 1990 through

ranking as the wettest 20-year period in more than a century. The National

Weather Service has referred to this trend as “the new climate” for the Devils

Lake region, cautiously predicting that the current weather pattern may continue

for several decades and possibly intensify. Indeed, the agency has warned that

the region faces the strong possibility of an “unprecedented fourth consecutive

major spring flood threat in .”

Rising lake waters have flooded much of the region, engulfing hundreds of

homes and farmsteads, more than 650 square kilometers of productive farmland,

major highways and bridges, state parks, Native American tribal lands,

historical landmarks and more than half a million trees. Submerged too is the

North Dakota Biological Station, a two-story limnological facility established

in 1909 to study the lake's unusual ecology and biogeochemistry. Portions of

U.S. Highway 281 are now underwater, which has forced the relocation of this

principal north-south highway several kilometers to the west. Other roads and

highways are either extremely hazardous or simply impassable because of

encroaching floodwaters. Amtrak and the BNSF Railway may have to reroute their

trains over more southern lines as rising waters threaten to wash out roadbeds

and bridges. The small town of Minnewaukan, once located 13 kilometers west of

the lake, is now partly underwater, and many of its 300-plus residents have been

forced to abandon their homes. Only a handful of people remain in Churchs Ferry

and nearby Penn, communities established more than a century ago. The city of

Devils Lake, North Dakota's eleventh largest city with about 7,000 residents,

sits behind a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers levee that protects the community

from storm-generated waves that reportedly reach 2 meters or more in height.

Without the levee, 3 to 4 meters of water would now cover parts of the city. To

date, efforts by federal, state and local governments to control flooding and

protect communities exceed $1 billion, a cost that is rising as fatefully as

lake waters.

Ancient Lake Minnewaukan

Devils Lake owes its existence to a continental glacier that covered much

of North America during the Pleistocene Epoch. Carving a basin as it advanced

over the landscape, the glacier deposited excavated materials along its leading

edges, leaving terminal moraines marking the farthest extent of glacial ice

sheets. Near the end of the Pleistocene, roughly 11,000 years ago, the glacier

began its retreat. As the glacier withdrew, glacial meltwaters poured into the

basin, creating a vast proglacial lake dammed by morainal deposits. Native

Americans called this lake Minnewaukan, meaning, among other possible

interpretations, Bad Spirit Water. Recent flooding has perhaps given credence to

a legend told by those Native Americans, claiming that the lake once overflowed

and flooded the entire world.

Based on abandoned beaches, or strand lines, geologists estimate that the

ancestral lake reached a maximum surface elevation of between 444 and 445

meters. At that elevation, the lake covered about 1,050 square kilometers, held

about 5 million acre-feet of water and had a maximum depth of around 50 meters.

A natural outlet called Tolna Coulee, which allowed water to flow out of the

basin and prevented the lake from rising and expanding further, controlled the

maximum elevation. How often the lake has overflowed is uncertain, but

geologists believe it has happened at least twice over the past 4,000 years,

most recently around 2,000 years ago.

During the centuries that followed the lake's origin, climate shifts caused

water levels to fluctuate between 6 and 12 meters every few hundred years.

Sediment analyses by geologist Edward Callender, published in his 1968

University of North Dakota doctoral thesis, indicated that the lake might have

been completely dry 6,500 years ago. After the lake last rose to its maximum

elevation and began overflowing, water levels continued to fluctuate in response

to alternating dry and wet periods. A persistently dry climate 500 to 600 years

ago held levels at relatively low elevations for perhaps as long as 200 years.

Wetter conditions followed, raising the lake to levels that prevailed until the

late 1800s. Levels then began dropping precipitously, falling to the

lowest-recorded elevation by 1940 before rising again.

Whether Lake Minnewaukan was completely dry at times or not, periodic

drawdowns during dry conditions reduced its immense volume to numerous remnant

lakes scattered across the south-central region of the basin. Nonindigenous

people who settled the region beginning in the mid-1800s named the largest and

most prominent of these remnants “Devils Lake,” perhaps because of the lake's

highly saline, undrinkable water, or perhaps in tribute to Sioux warriors whose

canoes were often capsized in the lake's treacherous, storm-tossed waters.

In 1964, Devils Lake consisted of three principal basins called West Bay,

Main Bay and East Bay. West Bay then was essentially dry and Main Bay covered

about 53 square kilometers. The Rock Island State Military Reservation separated

East Bay—which covered about 27 square kilometers—from Main Bay. According to T.

E. B. Pope of the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries, Main Bay and East Bay had become

isolated during the 1890s after lake levels dropped about 6 meters during the

previous 25 to 30 years. Besides Devils Lake, other major lakes nearby included

Pelican Lake to the west and, to the east, East Devils Lake, Swan Lake, West

Stump Lake and East Stump Lake, in that order.

Water Supply and Overflows

Devils Lake receives nearly all of its water from surface runoff and direct

precipitation. Most surface-water runoff originates from a chain of remnant

lakes located a few kilometers north of Devils Lake, although many of these

smaller lakes have now merged with Devils Lake as the water levels rise. (By

September , for example, Devils Lake and all of the lakes to the

east—including the two Stump lakes—had completely merged.) Total annual inflows

ranged from near zero during the drought-stricken 1930s to nearly 400,000

acre-feet in 1993. Inflows, averaging 65,500 acre-feet annually between 1950 and

1993, rose to 317,000 acre-feet annually between 1993 and , a fivefold

increase. The years 1993 to 1995 contributed 24 percent of all inflow to Devils

Lake between 1950 and 1995.

If Devils Lake rises approximately two additional meters and begins

overflowing, as scientists predict it will, lake waters will enter the Sheyenne

River. The Sheyenne, which originates 50 kilometers west of the river's juncture

with the Tolna Coulee outlet, meanders on an easterly course that lies about 15

kilometers south of the Devils Lake Basin. After turning south, the river is

impounded by a Corps of Engineers dam (Bald Hill Dam) located 20 kilometers

north of Valley City, a town of about 6,300 residents. The dam's narrow

reservoir (Lake Ashtabula) extends 43 kilometers upstream and contains about

71,000 acre-feet of water at full capacity. After passing through Valley City,

the river joins the Red River of the North near the city of Fargo. The Red River

flows northward before emptying into Canada's Lake Winnipeg.

Like climate predictions in general, predictions about when the current

lake will overflow are rife with uncertainty. For example, in a report published

in , the U.S. Geological Survey predicted that the probability of the lake

exceeding 443 meters between years 2008 and was only 10 percent, but the

lake reached that elevation in . Also predicted was a 50-percent probability

that the lake would not exceed an elevation of 442 meters between 2008 and 2040.

In fact, the lake had reached 442 meters by June 2009. Recent computer

simulations predict that the probability of the lake overflowing by 2030 is only

15 to 20 percent, even with planned man-made outlets in operation. That scenario

may prove to be far too optimistic, however, given that precipitation totals

during water year 2011 (October 1–September 30), which are forecast to continue,

raised the lake 0.7 meters.

篇2：雅思阅读遇到不认识生词怎么办

雅思阅读遇生词很常见，考生很有可能就会在生词陷阱上丢分，下面我们为大家讲解雅思阅读四种猜词方法。

雅思阅读遇到不认识生词推荐这些猜词方法!

一、同义词猜词

很多时候，单词的意思我们可以通过找到其意思相同或者类似的单词来进行解释。

常见标志词：like, the same as, similar to, means, refer to, that is to say, namely equal to...

Just like his taciturn father, Jon rarely says anything at family gatherings.

我们这里可以看出“taciturn”的词义和“rarely says anything”类似。我们可能对“rarely”这个单词不太熟悉或者不是很肯定其意思，但是我们仔细一看发现“rarely says anything”, “anything”出卖了“rarely”这个单词。“只阅读，不理解”，我们虽然不知道“rarely”的具体意思，但是我们知道，一般来说，anything用在表示否定的句子中，所以“rarely says anything”, 很有可能指的是“很少说话”，所以“taciturn’”的意思是“沉默寡言，话少的”。

PS:平常经常提到的“rare species”, 意思是指“珍稀物种”，所以rare这个单词指的是“稀少的、稀有的”。比如资源变得稀少，我们可以写成“the natural resources are increasingly becoming rare.”

二、标点符号猜词

某些表示解释性质的标点符号也可以作为猜词的一个关键点。

常见标点符号：-- :

George is a scrooge: he thinks only of money and will not spend a penny on anything he can get free.

我们根据解释型的标点符号—冒号后面的内容来大致猜测“scrooge”的词义。“他想到的只有钱，只要能够免费获得，就绝不多花一个子儿!”这种人除了“吝啬鬼、守财奴”还有谁!不过，大家如果看过狄更斯的A Christmas Carol(《圣诞赞歌》)这本书，应该知道其中的主人公的名字就是“Scrooge”, 他每天最大的乐趣就是关起房门，点上蜡烛，把他多年积攒的金币一个个地数，数完了重新再数。他没有朋友，不要亲人，只要金钱，是一个不折不扣的守财奴啊!不过也得佩服这位英国的文学大师，起的名字倒是贴切至极!

三、同位语猜词

同位语在语法上，一般是插入到句子中间，解释或者补充句子的某个部分。

常见形式：…, …, …或者其他形式的插入语，如(), … --- … --- …

Ethics--the standard of deeds and moral codes accepted by the society--has a powerful effect on modem business communication.

我们可以根据插入语，同位语大致地猜测出，“ethics”指的是“行为准则和道德标准”。其实在很多行业中经常会碰到这个单词，比如“business ethics”指的就是“商业道德”的意思。

四、反义词猜词

如果发现上下文中有反义词，那么通常可以迅速得到生词的词义。

常见标志词：unlike, as opposed to, in contrast, however ; but, while, yet, although, even if, not... But… , different from, unfortunately, ...

During the concert the audience was quiet, but after it ended the crowd became boisterous.

在音乐会期间，观众非常安静;但是结束以后，就变得“boisterous”(喧闹)。

雅思考试阅读模拟试题精选

1. Washing， brushing and varnishing fossils — all standard conservation treatments used by many fossil hunters and museum curators alike — vastly reduces the chances of recovering ancient DNA.

2. Instead， excavators should be handling at least some of their bounty with gloves， and freezing samples as they are found， dirt and all， concludes a paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences today.

3. Although many palaeontologists know anecdotally that this is the best way to up the odds of extracting good DNA， Eva-Maria Geigl of the Jacques Monod Institute in Paris， France， and her colleagues have now shown just how important conservation practices can be. This information， they say， needs to be hammered home among the people who are actually out in the field digging up bones.

4. Geigl and her colleagues looked at 3，200-year-old fossil bones belonging to a single individual of an extinct cattle species， called an aurochs. The fossils were dug up at a site in France at two different times — either in 1947， and stored in a museum collection， or in ， and conserved in sterile conditions at -20 oC.

5. The team's attempts to extract DNA from the 1947 bones all failed. The newly excavated fossils， however， all yielded DNA.

6. Because the bones had been buried for the same amount of time， and in the same conditions， the conservation method had to be to blame says Geigl. “As much DNA was degraded in these 57 years as in the 3，200 years before，” she says.Wash in， wash out

7. Because many palaeontologists base their work on the shape of fossils alone， their methods of conservation are not designed to preserve DNA， Geigl explains.

8. The biggest problem is how they are cleaned. Fossils are often washed together on-site in a large bath， which can allow water — and contaminants in the form of contemporary DNA — to permeate into the porous bones. “Not only is the authentic DNA getting washed out， but contamination is getting washed in，” says Geigl.

9. Most ancient DNA specialists know this already， says Hendrik Poinar， an evolutionary geneticist at McMaster University in Ontario， Canada. But that doesn't mean that best practice has become widespread among those who actually find the fossils.

10. Getting hold of fossils that have been preserved with their DNA in mind relies on close relationships between lab-based geneticists and the excavators， says palaeogeneticist Svante P??bo of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig， Germany. And that only occurs in exceptional cases， he says.

11. P??bo's team， which has been sequencing Neanderthal DNA， continually faces these problems. “When you want to study ancient human and Neanderthal remains， there's a big issue of contamination with contemporary human DNA，” he says.

12. This doesn't mean that all museum specimens are fatally flawed， notes P??bo. The Neanderthal fossils that were recently sequenced in his own lab， for example， had been part of a museum collection treated in the traditional way. But P??bo is keen to see samples of fossils from every major find preserved in line with Geigl's recommendations — just in case. Warm and wet

14. Much human cultural development took place in temperate regions. DNA does not survive well in warm environments in the first place， and can vanish when fossils are washed and treated. For this reason， Geigl says， most ancient DNA studies have been done on permafrost samples， such as the woolly mammoth， or on remains sheltered from the elements in cold caves — including cave bear and Neanderthal fossils.

15. Better conservation methods， and a focus on fresh fossils， could boost DNA extraction from more delicate specimens， says Geigl. And that could shed more light on the story of human evolution.(640 words nature )

Glossary Palaeontologists 古生物学家Aurochs 欧洲野牛Neanderthal (人类学)尼安德特人，旧石器时代的古人类。

雅思考试阅读模拟试题精选

Permafrost (地理)永冻层

- Questions 1-6 Answer the following questions by using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

1. How did people traditionally treat fossils?

2. What suggestions do Geigl and her colleagues give on what should be done when fossils are found?

3. What problems may be posed if fossil bones are washed on-site? Name ONE. 4. What characteristic do fossil bones have to make them susceptible to be contaminated with contemporary DNA when they are washed?

5. What could be better understood when conservation treatments are improved?

6. The passage mentioned several animal species studied by researchers. How many of them are mentioned?

Questions 7-11 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? Please write TRUE if the statement agrees with the writer FALSE if the statement does not agree with the writer NOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage

7. In their paper published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ， Geigl and her colleagues have shown what conservation practices should be followed to preserve ancient DNA.

8. The fossil bones that Geigl and her colleagues studied are all from the same aurochs.

9. Geneticists don‘t have to work on site.

10. Only newly excavated fossil bones using new conservation methods suggested by Geigl and her colleagues contain ancient DNA.

11. Paabo is still worried about the potential problems caused by treatments of fossils in traditional way.

Questions 12-13 Complete the following the statements by choosing letter A-D for each answer. 12. “This information” in paragraph 3 indicates：

[A] It is critical to follow proper practices in preserving ancient DNA.

[B] The best way of getting good DNA is to handle fossils with gloves.

[C] Fossil hunters should wear home-made hammers while digging up bones.

[D] Many palaeontologists know how one should do in treating fossils.

13. The study conducted by Geigl and her colleagues suggests：

[A] the fact that ancient DNA can not be recovered from fossil bones excavated in the past.

[B] the correlation between the amount of burying time and that of the recovered DNA.

[C] the pace at which DNA degrades.

[D] the correlation between conservation practices and degradation of DNA.

1. washing， brushing， varnishing 见第一段。

2. handling with gloves / freezing samples ( any one of the two ) 见第二段。

3. losing authentic DNA / being contaminated / contamination ( any one of the three) 见第八段“Not only is the authentic DNA getting washed out， but contamination is getting washed in”(答being contaminated或 contamination比较保险)

4. they are porous porous 的意思是多孔的。见第八段“…… which can allow water — and contaminants in the form of contemporary DNA — to permeate into the porous bones.”

5. human evolution 见第十五段。其中“shed light on sth”的意思是使某事显得非常清楚，使人了解某事。

6. 4 分别为第四段的“an extinct cattle species， called an aurochs”，即欧洲野牛，已经绝迹;第十一段“Neanderthal”，是人类学用语，尼安德特人，旧石器时代的古人类;第十四段“woolly mammoth”和“cave bear”，其中mammoth是猛犸，一种古哺乳动物。

7. T 见第二段。

8. T 见第四段“Geigl and her colleagues looked at 3，200-year-old fossil bones belonging to a single individual of an extinct cattle species， called an aurochs.”即他们研究的骨化石是一头欧洲野牛身上的。

9. NG

10. F 见第十二段第一、二句话。

11. T 见第十二段末句“But P??bo is keen to see samples of fossils from every major find preserved in line with Geigl's recommendations — just in case.”意即为保险起见，Paabo还是非常希望见到用Geigl建议的方法保存的化石样本。“just in case” 的意思是以防万一，就是Paabo对用传统保存处理的化石不放心的意思。

12. A 见第三段。This information就是前一句中“…… just how important conservation practices can be”(to preserve good DNA)。“be hammered”之中hammer一词的意思是不断重复强调。

13. D 面信息。需要理解文章各处关于Geigl和她的同事所作的研究

雅思阅读遇到不认识生词怎么办

篇3：托福听力遇到生词该如何应对

托福听力遇到生词该如何应对?

(1)在连续不断听各种各样的英语题材中解决疑难问题。

例如VOA I980年在播送military junta(南美各国政变后上台的军政府)中的iunta一词时，词中的j发h的音。根据这个发音在词典上查不到，请教别人也得不到答案。1981年某日的VOA节目专门回答了听众提出的这一个语音问题，才知道是junta这个词的一种异读。

(2)根据上下文的意思推敲。

现代信息社会的语言发展很快，新词层出不穷，经常会碰到一些词典里查不着的词，或者一个老的词随着时间的推移又有了新的释义等等。碰到这种情况，除了向别人请教外，只有靠自己独立判断了。所以这种根据上下文的内容判断(新词的意思或者词的新义)的做法不是图省事，而是为了锻炼一种对于英语水平较高的人来说必须具备的猜测词义的本领。

例如demagnetize一词在词典里只有“去磁、消磁”等解释，但是在报导古巴外逃难民去美国的消息里用了此词，显然不会与，去磁、退磁有关，但是词典里没有别的解释。碰到这种情况可以查 “magnetize”的解释，其中有“吸引”之意，据此可以推测出应该做 “使失去吸引力”解。

又如1994年8月间在报导美国的棒球队员罢工时突然出现 salary cap的说法，词典里查不到。但是根据上下文可以推测出来是限制队员工资的意思。后来的消息中又用了The players feared the owners would finally impose a salarv limitation next season 的说法，证明推测是正确的。

美国邮局的劳动强度大，条件差。1991年发生一邮局工人因劳动待遇差又被解雇而枪杀他人的事件。此后就有going postal 的说法，表示对于工作条件和待遇极度不满。

所以在听懂上下文意思的情况下要敢于发挥，而不拘泥于词典里是不是有此解释。退一步说，即使自己的推测与分析木合适，也没有太大关系，因为反正你从其他词典里找不到合适的解释。何况随着水平的提高，认识也会不断提高，可以找到更贴切的解释。

托福听力练习对照文本

Before we adjourn, I'd like to remind everybody about the upcoming fundraising event—the ten kilometer run.

在我们休会之前，我想提醒大家关于即将到来的筹款活动——十公里跑。

The run is being organized to help raise money for the renovation of the old gym.

组织这次跑步是为了帮助旧的体育馆翻修筹款。

Our gym is in desperate need of repair, and the university must rely entirely on private donations to pay for its renovation.

我们的体育馆迫切需要维修，而大学必须完全地依靠私人捐款来支付它的翻修。

This event will be the students' contribution to the effort. The procedure for participating is quite simple.

本次活动将会是学生对慈善运动的贡献，参与的程序非常简单。

No entrance fees, no advance registration, and you don't have to be the best athlete on campus.

没有入场费，没有预约登记，而且你不必是校园里最好的运动员。

You only need to find sponsors willing to contribute one or more dollars for every kilometer of the race that you complete.

你只需要去寻找愿意为你完成的赛跑的每一公里贡献一美金或者更多钱的赞助者。

So, for example, if you run all ten kilometers, you'll collect ten dollars from someone who has pledged to give you one dollar per kilometer.

所以，举例来说，如果你跑了全部的十公里，你将从承诺每公里给你一美金的人那里募集十美金。

After the run, a race official will record the number of kilometers you've completed.

跑完步，比赛工作人员将记录你已经完成的公里数。

You can then show the record to your sponsors when you collect the money.

那时你就能在募集钱的时候给你的赞助者出示该记录。

You might encourage your friends to run in the race by telling them that there will be awards for everyone who gets five sponsors or more.

你可以鼓励你的朋友们参加跑步比赛，通过告诉他们所有得到五个或者更多的赞助者的人将会得到奖励。

But above all, it'll just be a lot of fun.

但首先，这将会很好玩。

So, please spread the word and get everyone involved either as runners or sponsors.

所以，请散播一下消息，并且每个人都参与进来，不论是作为跑步者或者是赞助者。

托福听力练习对照文本

And as we enter this next gallery, please turn your attention to the statue on your right.

当我们进入下一个陈列室时，请把你的注意力转向你右侧的雕像。

It's a bust of the seventh President of the United States, Andrew Jackson.

它是第七任美国总统的半身像。Andrew Jackson，

It was done by American sculptor Hiram Powers.

它是由美国雕刻家Hiram Powers完成的。

Mr. Powers is particularly significant to our sculpture collection here at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Powers先生对我们大都会艺术博物馆这里的雕刻收藏尤其重要。

His statue entitled California was the first work by an American artist to become part of the collection at the Met.

他的名为California的雕像是成为大都会收藏的美国艺术家的第一件作品。

But back to this piece. When Powers was modeling this bust, he asked the President, who was 68 years old at the time, if he wanted to be made to appear younger than that.

让我们回到这件作品上来。当Powers为这个半身像制作模型时，他问当时68岁的总统，他是否想(让他的雕像)被制作的显得(比实际年龄)年轻一些。

President Jackson replied that he didn't; so as you can see, he's shown here with wrinkles and lines of aging etched on his face.

Jackson总统回答他不想;因此，如你所见，他被满面沧桑的展现在这里。

Consequently, this bust is considered to be one of the most realistic portrayals of Andrew Jackson.

结果，这个半身雕像被认为是Andrew Jackson最现实的写照之一。

Powers traveled from his studio in Italy to the White House to do the original study for the bust.

Powers从他在意大利的工作室启程来到白宫，做这个半身雕像的原型习作。

He did the study in clay, but he sculpted the final statue from fine Italian marble, as you can see.

他用粘土做的习作，但他从上好的意大利大理石上雕刻最终的雕像。

I should add that the usual practice at the time was to get local artisans to do the actual carving of the marble.

我应该补充，那时的惯例是让当地的技工做真正的大理石雕刻。

Note that the President is draped in a Roman toga. This is because in the nineteenth century that was the customary attire for representations of heads of state and other important figures.

注意总统披着一件罗马宽外袍。这是因为在十九世纪，那是惯例服装，代表了国家元首和其他要人。

Powers kept the bust in his studio until after President Jackson's death, when it was sold to the Democratic Club in New York City.

Powers在他的工作室保留着这个半身像，直到Jackson总统去世时，那时它被卖给纽约市民主党俱乐部。

It was lent to us here at the Met in 1874 and twenty years later became part of our permanent collection.

它于1874年借给我们大都会，并且在二十年之后成为我们永久的收藏。

Now, if you'll step this way, we'll move on to the next piece.

现在，如果你往这边走，我们将转向下一个作品。一

托福听力练习对照文本

If you liked the colorful animals we just saw, you're going to love these next animals: frogs.

如果你喜欢我们刚刚见到的色彩斑斓的动物，你们将会喜欢这些接下来的动物：蛙类。

You might not normally think of frogs as being colorful, but these frogs definitely are.

你们可能通常不认为蛙类是色彩斑斓的，但是这些蛙类的确是的。

They are the dart-poison frogs of Central and South America.

它们是中部和南部美洲的箭毒蛙。

Look at their striking colors, often yellow with black stripes or deep blue with black spots.

看看它们醒目的颜色，通常是黄色带着黑色条纹或者深蓝色带着黑点。

Beyond being nice to look at, these markings have a purpose.

除了好看之外，这些斑纹还有一个目的。

They warn predators that these frogs are poisonous.

它们警告捕食者这些蛙类是有毒的。

When threatened, these frogs secrete a substance through their skin that would easily kill whatever animal might try to eat them.

当受到威胁时，这些蛙类通过它们的皮肤分泌一种物质，可以轻易的杀死可能试图要吃掉它们的任何动物。

Their bright colors communicate this, and so most animals tend not to hunt them.

它们明亮的颜色传递了这个(信息)，所以大部分动物不会去捕猎它们。

Now, speaking of hunting, for centuries these frogs were sought after by hunters.

好，说道捕猎，几个世纪以来，这些蛙类受到猎人们的需要。

As you might think, the hunters didn't want to eat the frogs, but rather, they captured them for their poison.

正如你所想的，猎人不是想吃这些蛙类，而是，他们捕获它们是为了它们的毒素。

They would add the poison to the tips of their hunting arrows.

他们会把毒素添加到他们打猎(用的)箭尖上。

Of course, nowadays most hunters use guns.

当然，现在大部分猎人用枪。

These days, dart-poison frogs are of less interest to hunters than to medical researchers.

目前，猎人比研究者对箭毒蛙的兴趣小。

Researchers believe that they can make new heart medicine from the poison, because it acts as a stimulant on the body's nervous system.

研究者相信他们能从毒素中制造新的心脏药物。

Researchers think they could use it to stimulate a weak heart.

研究者认为他们能使用它来刺激心脏衰竭。

There is, however, a problem with doing research on these frogs.

然而，在这些蛙类上做研究有一个问题。

Those that are caught in the wild will produce their poison until they die.

从自然环境中捕捉的那些(蛙)将产生毒素直至他们死去。

However, those that are born in captivity, like the ones you see here, will not produce any poison at all.

然而，那些出生在圈养(环境中的)，像你们看到的这些，将根本不会产生任何毒素。

篇4：雅思写作审题遇到生词易跑题

生词，是考生审题出现偏差最普遍的问题。一方面，雅思考生越来越低龄化：很多考生年龄小，大多数词汇量非常少，有的考生能够认识的单词甚至还不到1000个。另一方面，雅思的大作文考题尤其是学术类的，话题偏重于社会话题，语言偏书面化，因此有很多考生，其中不乏许多大学生，都会有此感慨：题目有单词不认识啊。

▲对策

①积累话题核心词

1.何谓“题干核心词”

雅思议论文题目虽多，但是会有一些出现频率比较高的实意词即为：“题干核心词”。

2.学习“题干核心词”的方法

对于“题干核心词”的学习，建议考生从“写作机经”入手，找出题干中出现的实意词并作积累。

●请看以下雅思真题：

1. International travel often leads people to have someprejudicesrather than broad-mind. What are the main reasons of this phenomenon? What do you think people can do to get better understanding of the countries they visit?

2. International travelsometimes makes people more prejudicedrather thanboard-minded. Give out reasons why it cannot bring benefits to those visitors. Do you have ways to improve people's understanding of the countries they visit?

上述两道雅思真题虽然提问方式有所不同，但是题干中核心词是相同的，而且尤其是“prejudice”一词是理解难度比较大的。因此，如果考生认真复习机经积累题干中的实意词，那么，遇到生词的几率就将大大降低。

②借助连接词

1.何谓“连接词”

连接词主要是表明“词与词”或“句与句”或“段与段”之间关系的词。在题干中出现比较多的，能够帮助考生猜测词义的是：表示比较、转折、让步、并列的连接词。

2.学习“连接词”的方法

建议考生可以按照连接词所表示的不同逻辑分别记忆。

题目中出现频率较多的连接词有：

表示比较：in contrast， by comparison， similarly， while

表示转折：however， on the other hand， nevertheless

表示让步：although， despite， in spite of

表示并列：and

●请看以下雅思真题：

Many people believe that today there is a general increase inanti-social behaviorand lack of respect for others. What might have caused this situation? How to improve it?

在这道雅思题目中，anti-social behavior是一个具有相当难度的词。在考生词汇面与量都不令人满意的情况下，这个词是很难理解的。当然，如果有的考生背过前缀的话，他也能理解这个词。但是，事实是很少有考生会背前缀，因为它太枯燥了。那么，我们借助并列连接词“and”能否猜出这个生词的意思呢?答案是肯定的。“lack of respect for others”表示对他人不尊重，是不利于社会和谐的行为。那么，和它并列的“antisocial behavior”呢?当然也是对社会不利的行为了，也就是“反社会行为”。

雅思小作文图表类写作句型表达精选

TASK1图表写作句型精选

1. the table shows the changes in the number of...over the period from...to...

该表格描述了在...年至...年间...数量的变化。

2. the bar chart illustrates that...

该柱状图展示了...

3. the graph provides some interesting data regarding...

该图为我们提供了有关...的有趣数据。

4. the diagram shows (that)...

该图向我们展示了...

5. the pie graph depicts (that)....

该饼图揭示了...

6. this is a cure graph which describes the trend of...

这个曲线图描述了...的趋势。

7. the figures/statistics show (that)...

数据(字)表明...

8. the tree diagram reveals how...

该树型图向我们揭示了如何...

9. the data/statistics show (that)...

该数据(字)可以这样理解...

10. the data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that...

这些数据资料令我们得出结论...

11. as is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the diagram/graph/chart/table...

如图所示...

12. according to the chart/figures...

根据这些表(数字)...

13. as is shown in the table...

如表格所示...

14. as can be seen from the diagram, great changes have taken place in...

从图中可以看出，...发生了巨大变化。

15. from the table/chart/diagram/figure, we can see clearly that...or it is clear/apparent from the chart that...

从图表中我们可以很清楚(明显)地看到...

16. this is a graph which illustrates...

这个图表向我们展示了...

17. this table shows the changing proportion of a & b from...to...

该表格描述了...年到...年间a与b的比例关系。

18. the graph, presented in a pie chart, shows the general trend in...

该图以饼图形式描述了...总的趋势。

19. this is a column chart showing...

这是个柱型图，描述了...

20. as can be seen from the graph, the two curves show the fluctuation of...

如图所示，两条曲线描述了...的波动情况。

21. over the period from...to...the...remained level.

在...至...期间，...基本不变。

22. in the year between...and...

在...年到...期间...

23. in the 3 years spanning from 1995 through ...

1995年至1998的三年里...

24. from then on/from this time onwards...

从那时起...

25. the number of...remained steady/stable from (month/year) to (month/year).

..月(年)至...月(年)...的数量基本不变。

26. the number sharply went up to...

数字急剧上升至...

27. the percentage of...stayed the same between...and...

...至...期间...的比率维持不变。

28. the figures peaked at...in (month/year)

...的数目在...月(年)达到顶点，为...

29. the percentage remained steady at...

比率维持在...

30. the percentage of...is slightly larger/smaller than that of...

...的比例比...的比例略高(低)。

31. there is not a great deal of difference between...and...

...与...的区别不大。

32. the graphs show a threefold increase in the number of...

该图表表明...的数目增长了三倍。

33. ...decreased year by year while...increased steadily.

...逐年减少，而...逐步上升。

34. the situation reached a peak (a high point at) of [%].

...的情况(局势)到达顶(高)点，为...百分点。

35. the figures/situation bottomed out in...

数字(情况)在...达到底部。

36. the figures reached the bottom/a low point/hit a trough.

数字(情况)达到底部(低谷)。

37. a is ...times as much/many as b.

a是b的...倍。

38. a increased by...

a增长了...

雅思大作文开头段怎样写能出彩?

作文的首段通常由以下几方面组成：

1) 场景或背景信息，即题目中出现的phenomenon。

2) 一些人的观点(some people’s opinion)，这部分在改写文章首段时可要可不要，考生可按照自己的情况来安排。

3) 个人观点，这一部分在有些文章的开首段中也可以不要。

大作文要求字数至少达到250字，在写作中考虑到字数的合理安排，第一段最好写3-5句话，大约40字左右，并且切忌在第一段就掏心掏肺把什么话都说完。

大作文开首方式通常有以下两种情况：

1) 题目中包含了背景信息(phenomenon)，有时也出现一些人的观点，并且题目中字数较多。这种情况下最保险的办法是将题目中的背景信息及一些人的观点重新表达(paraphrase)，可以做:

● 主动语态<=>被动语态

● 主谓宾<=>主系表

● 某些近义词互换

Example:

At present, it is hard for college students to find jobs. Many people claimthat college teachers should give priority to practical courses like computer science and business over such traditional ones as history and geography. To what extent do you agree?

→ The number of college graduates is surging while a substantial proportion of them have difficulties in finding employment after their graduation. Numerous people blame this on the university education and believe that more emphasis should be laid on practical courses such as computer science and business thanon traditional courses like history and geography. 其后再加考生自己的观点即可。

2) 题目中包含了背景信息，有时出现一些人的观点，但题目中字数较少，若直接重新表达，字数凑不到40字左右。

这种情况下推荐把笼统信息细节化即通过举例来解释说明题目中的背景信息的开首方式来保证字数。

总之，合理的开头段可以包括背景介绍、点明话题、阐明观点，2-3句话，40-60字，5分钟内完成。因此，考生如果想要自己的作文开头段写的漂亮还是要多下功夫，多多练习才能达到效果

这种情况下推荐把笼统信息细节化即通过举例来解释说明题目中的背景信息的开首方式来保证字数。

篇5：雅思阅读生词看不懂怎么办

雅思阅读生词看不懂怎么办如何做生词预判?

雅思阅读主要是考察考生的同义词和同义句的理解，并不是说认识越多的生词越好。尤其是有些雅思阅读文章中涉及一些专业词汇和术语，平时很难用到。通过雅思生词的预判，考生可以在不影响做题的情况下，用最短的时间完成对雅思阅读文章的整体掌握。

为了更好地表达文章的主旨，揭示所要诠释的思想，作者往往常常在文章中对一些比较重要的词汇、概念和难懂的术语等做出一些解释，这种解释称作针对性解释，它可以提供明确的信息，可以利用这些针对性解释来猜测词义。

1、生词预判之定义句

在雅思阅读中，如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。

例如： anthropology is the scientific study of man。

由定义可知，anthropology就是“研究人类的科学”。

In slang the term “jam” constitutes a state of being in which a personfinds himself or herself in a difficult situation。

同样，从雅思阅读上下文的定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是“困境”。定义句的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, beconsidered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify,constitute等。

2、生词预判之猜测词义

虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。复述部分可以适当词、短语或是从句。

同位语 Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you areto speak and read intelligently。

此例逗号中短语意为“对词意义进行研究的学科”。该短语与前面生词semanties式同位关系，因此我们不难猜出semanties指“语义学”。

在复述中构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号，冒号，分号，引号，和括号等。

Capacitance, or the ability to store electric charge, is one of the mostcommon characteristics of electronic circuits。

由同位语我们很快猜出生词capacitance词义---电容量。

需要注意的是：同位语前还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, orother, say i. e. 等副词或短语出现。

定语从句 Krabacber suffers from SAD, which is short for seasonal affectivedisorder, a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings。

根据生词SAD后面定语从句which is short for seasonal affective disorder和同位语a syndromecharacterized by severe seasonal mood swings, 我们可以推断出 SAD含义，即“季节性情绪紊乱症”。

3、生词预判之前后句线索

恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索，例如：

The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientificdiscoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in thepast。

句中“战争”和“重大科学发现”是生词的实例，通过它们我们可以猜出epochal的大致词义“重要的”，这与其确切含义“划时代的”十分接近。

雅思阅读中所出的文章范围广，领域涉及多面，因此，要考生完全读懂文章是不可能的。这就需要考生们要具有根据上下文或者关键词来猜测词义与长难句的能力。

综上，雅思阅读中涉及到多个学科领域的文章生词，但雅思考试终归不是考察考生的词汇量的掌握，而是阅读理解能力，所以，生词预判能力的掌握能更好地帮助考生在有限时间内完成雅思阅读考试。这个能力需要考生在不断的练习中去总结经验，理论知识已经给到给位了，剩下的还是要靠考生自己。

雅思考试阅读模拟练习及答案

Don’t wash those fossils!

Standard museum practice can wash away DNA.

1. Washing， brushing and varnishing fossils — all standard conservation treatments used by many fossil hunters and museum curators alike — vastly reduces the chances of recovering ancient DNA.

5. The team’s attempts to extract DNA from the 1947 bones all failed. The newly excavated fossils， however， all yielded DNA.

Wash in， wash out

7. Because many palaeontologists base their work on the shape of fossils alone， their methods of conservation are not designed to preserve DNA， Geigl explains.

9. Most ancient DNA specialists know this already， says Hendrik Poinar， an evolutionary geneticist at McMaster University in Ontario， Canada. But that doesn’t mean that best practice has become widespread among those who actually find the fossils.

10. Getting hold of fossils that have been preserved with their DNA in mind relies on close relationships between lab-based geneticists and the excavators， says palaeogeneticist Svante P bo of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig， Germany. And that only occurs in exceptional cases， he says.

11. P bo’s team， which has been sequencing Neanderthal DNA， continually faces these problems. “When you want to study ancient human and Neanderthal remains， there’s a big issue of contamination with contemporary human DNA，” he says.

12. This doesn’t mean that all museum specimens are fatally flawed， notes P bo. The Neanderthal fossils that were recently sequenced in his own lab， for example， had been part of a museum collection treated in the traditional way. But P bo is keen to see samples of fossils from every major find preserved in line with Geigl’s recommendations — just in case.

Warm and wet

13. Geigl herself believes that， with cooperation between bench and field researchers， preserving fossils properly could open up avenues of discovery that have long been assumed closed.

(640 words nature )

Glossary

Palaeontologists 古生物学家

Aurochs 欧洲野牛

Neanderthal (人类学)尼安德特人，旧石器时代的古人类。

Permafrost (地理)永冻层

雅思考试阅读模拟练习及答案

Questions 1-6

Answer the following questions by using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

1. How did people traditionally treat fossils?

2. What suggestions do Geigl and her colleagues give on what should be done when fossils are found?

3. What problems may be posed if fossil bones are washed on-site? Name ONE.

4. What characteristic do fossil bones have to make them susceptible to be contaminated with contemporary DNA when they are washed?

5. What could be better understood when conservation treatments are improved?

6. The passage mentioned several animal species studied by researchers. How many of them are mentioned?

Questions 7-11

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? Please write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the writer

FALSE if the statement does not agree with the writer

NOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage

7. In their paper published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ， Geigl and her colleagues have shown what conservation practices should be followed to preserve ancient DNA.

8. The fossil bones that Geigl and her colleagues studied are all from the same aurochs.

9. Geneticists don’t have to work on site.

10. Only newly excavated fossil bones using new conservation methods suggested by Geigl and her colleagues contain ancient DNA.

11. Paabo is still worried about the potential problems caused by treatments of fossils in traditional way.

Questions 12-13

Complete the following the statements by choosing letter A-D for each answer.

12. “This information” in paragraph 3 indicates：

[A] It is critical to follow proper practices in preserving ancient DNA.

[B] The best way of getting good DNA is to handle fossils with gloves.

[C] Fossil hunters should wear home-made hammers while digging up bones.

[D] Many palaeontologists know how one should do in treating fossils.

13. The study conducted by Geigl and her colleagues suggests：

[A] the fact that ancient DNA can not be recovered from fossil bones excavated in the past.

[B] the correlation between the amount of burying time and that of the recovered

DNA.

[C] the pace at which DNA degrades.

[D] the correlation between conservation practices and degradation of DNA.

(by Zhou Hong)

篇6：托福阅读遇到生词及时记忆

托福阅读词汇如何积累?遇到生词及时整理记忆

一.文章完全读不懂，先去背单词

托福阅读是托福考试四个版块中涵盖词汇量最广的一块，所以，想要做好阅读必须要有一定量的词汇储备。有的同学在刚开始备考托福的时候，直接去做真题练习，结果发现阅读文章几乎完全读不懂。这其实就是因为词汇量积累不够，建议先返回去背单词，当有了一定的词汇量基础后，再开始做阅读练习题。

二. 阅读中遇到生词及时积累

即便是积累了一定的词汇量，在做阅读练习的时候也会遇到一些生词。建议大家及时将遇到的生词积累下来，做完阅读文章以后及时回顾复习。要注意的是，及时积累并不意味着遇到生词就中断做题，拿本记录生词。积累阅读生词的环节应该放在对完答案重读文章时。做题的过程中即便遇到影响理解的单词也不要停下来查单词，应该先保证在规定时间内将阅读题做完，如果影响理解，可以试着结合上下文猜一猜单词的意思，就像大家做词汇题使用的猜词方法一样。

三. 代入法记忆

阅读词汇的记忆不应该像背单词书那样死记硬背，阅读词汇积累建议大家使用代入法记忆。因为生词都是阅读文章中的词汇，大家可以代入到具体的语境中记忆，这样记忆能不仅能帮助大家记住单词的意思，还能了解单词的用法。如果觉得寻找单词出处太浪费时间，大家可以在积累生词的时候将原文例句抄下来。代入法不但记忆效率高，记忆效果也很牢靠，但是却有一个不可避免的缺点：记忆单词释义太过单一。阅读文章中生词所对应的释义都是唯一的，所以代入法记忆只能记住生词在文章中的释义，延伸释义则需要大家自己去做拓展练习。

四. 坚持

“坚持”两个字说起来非常容易，但真正做到却很难。词汇记忆最为重要的就是坚持，一开始大家都热情高涨，非常积极，但是能坚持到最后人则少之又少，正所谓“靡不有初，鲜克有终”。希望大家能保持最初备考的热情，将阅读词汇积累的工作坚持到底。

以上是小站君为大家整理的关于托福阅读词汇积累的方法。托福阅读词汇涉猎的范围非常宽泛，大家在做阅读之前需要有一定的词汇基础，做阅读的过程中要及时积累遇到的生词，可以使用代入法高效记忆。

托福阅读真题原题+题目

The smooth operation of an ant colony depends on ten to twenty different signals, most of which are pheromones (chemical signals triggering behavioral responses). It is estimated that red fire ants employ at least twelve different chemical signals. The simplest of these is the carbon dioxide from the respiration of an ant cluster, a chemical that acts as a pheromone to promote aggregation. Workers move toward a source of carbon dioxide, resulting in solitary ants moving to join a group. At the other extreme, the most complex of the fire ants' signals is probably colony odor, by which the workers of a particular colony or nest identify another worker as local or foreign. Each ant nest has its own odor as a result of its location, history, and local food supply. The resident ants pick up this odor on their bodies, so that ants of the same species, but from different nests, have different colony odors. This allows ants to identify intruders and maintain colony integrity.

Fire ants also make use of an alarm pheromone to alert workers to an emergency, and their scouts lay down a trail pheromone as a guide during mass migrations. A fire ant queen emits a chemical signal that identifies her to the colony's workers. They respond by scurrying to gather around her. The decomposing corpse of a dead ant also generates a signal, to which workers respond by eliminating the corpse from the nest.

Ants provide examples of both public (accessible to other species) and private messages. One of their most important private messages concerns food, for a food source is worth keeping secret. Each species marks its trails with signals that are meaningless to others, so that an ant crossing a trail left by another ant species typically notices nothing. On the other hand, a secret signal to mark a dead body is unnecessary. Many kinds of ants perceive a natural decomposition product of dead insects as a signal to remove a corpse. If an outsider recognizes this message and moves the body, no harm is done.

1. What aspect of ants does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The relationship between the queen and the worker ants

(B) Ways in which ants use chemical signals

(D) The importance of respiration in the production of ant pheromones

2. The phrase smooth operation in line 1 is closest in meaning to

(A) daily activity

(B) effective functioning

(D) permanent location

3. According to the passage , carbon dioxide serves which of the following functions for fire ants?

(A) It protects the queen.

(B) It attracts other ant species.

(D) It encourages the ants to gather together.

4. The word cluster in line 4 is closest in meaning to

(A) organ

(B) activity

(D) cycle

5. According to the passage , each nest has a distinct odor that allows its inhabitants to

(A) find the location of the nest in the dark

(B) distinguish worker ants from other ants

(D) signal other inhabitants when foreign ants attack

6. The word alert in line 13 is closest in meaning to

(A) allow

(B) transport

(D) provide

7. What is the role of pheromones in the mass migrations of ants?

(A) Pheromones are used to create a trail that directs the ants during migrations.

(B) Pheromones signal the ants that the nest has been invaded and must be abandoned.

(D) Pheromones enable scouts to identify suitable areas for establishing a new nest.

8. The word scurrying in line 16 is closest in meaning to

(A) agreeing

(B) appearing

(D) rushing

9. The word others in line 21 refers to

(A) private messages

(B) species

(D) signals

10. Why does the author mention dead insects in line 23?

(A) To compare the social behaviors of ants with those of other insects

(B) To emphasize the dangers that all insects encounter

(D) To indicate a behavior that is common among various kinds of ants

11. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?

(A) pheromones (line 2)

(B) colony integrity (lines 12)

(D) private messages (lines 18-19)

PASSAGE 86 BBDCC CADBD A

篇7：雅思写作审题遇到生词易跑题怎么办

雅思写作最重要的要求就是：雅思写作要扣紧主题，符合题意。否则，再精彩、语言再优美、论据再充实，作文也无法得到高分。

雅思写作审题遇到生词易跑题?试试这些方法

雅思写作偏题原因：生词

▲对策

①积累话题核心词

1.何谓“题干核心词”

雅思议论文题目虽多，但是会有一些出现频率比较高的实意词即为：“题干核心词”。

2.学习“题干核心词”的方法

对于“题干核心词”的学习，建议考生从“写作机经”入手，找出题干中出现的实意词并作积累。

●请看以下雅思真题：

②借助连接词

1.何谓“连接词”

2.学习“连接词”的方法

建议考生可以按照连接词所表示的不同逻辑分别记忆。

题目中出现频率较多的连接词有：

表示比较：in contrast， by comparison， similarly， while

表示转折：however， on the other hand， nevertheless

表示让步：although， despite， in spite of

表示并列：and

●请看以下雅思真题：

Many people believe that today there is a general increase inanti-social behaviorand lack of respect for others. What might have caused this situation? How to improve it?

雅思写作范文及解析：关于online shopping的讨论

雅思写作题目：In modern society, it is possible to go shopping, work and communicate via the Internet without face-to-face contact with one another. To what extent do you think this is a positive or negative development?

雅思写作题目讲解：

首段：背景描述 + 论点转述(正向 / 反向 ) + 自己的观点

第二段：支持/反对的观点论点 +理由

第三段：支持/反对的观点论点+ 例证

第四段：让步段 “让步+转折句”即观点的合理性，+对此观点的反驳

第五段：总结全文 +强调观点 +得出结论(提倡的解决措施)

雅思写作范文：

Science and technology developing rapidly, especially for the Internet popularizing, gives rise to various considerable changing and advantages , in terms of online shopping , relative money logger applying widely and enhancing the effectiveness of the work greatly, etc .However, the potentially detrimental impact from Internet can not be ignored, which is conspicuously embodies in the alienation between individuals and the deficiency of skills of effective communication .After the thoughtful and serious consideration , I prefer to harbor the above perspective that the Internet has its own demerits and localization more .

科学技术的迅猛发展，特别是互联网的普及，使网上购物、相对理财工具的广泛应用以及工作效率的大幅度提高等方面产生了各种可观的变化和优势。互联网的三重影响不容忽视，这突出地体现在个人之间的疏离和有效沟通技巧的缺乏上。经过深思熟虑和认真考虑，我倾向于持有互联网有自己的观点。缺点和定位更多。

To begin with, emotional alienation between individuals has been the irreversible tendency of the current society. Namely, an increasingly prevalent number of individuals in current society consider the Internet as the indispensable part of life to devote more time and energy into entertaining on it, unavoidably, to exacerbate the preference and awareness of everyone living in the self-centered world without too much considering the relation and emotion with others.

首先，人与人之间的情感异化一直是当今社会不可逆转的趋势。也就是说，在当今社会中，越来越多的人认为互联网是生活中不可缺少的一部分，为了花费更多的时间和精力在互联网上娱乐，不可避免地会加剧生活在以自我为中心的世界中的每个人的偏好和意识。多考虑与他人的关系和情感。

Besides, the Internet disseminating and applying widely exerts the devastating impact on the social skills of individuals .For example, Individuals can tackle almost various issues and troubles in daily routine by using the Internet, inevitably, resulting in lacking of face-to-face verbal communication and coordination with others, even to lose the skills of coping with the practical issues in daily life in private with clear trait of thought and effective approach.

此外，互联网的广泛传播和应用对个人的社会技能产生了破坏性的影响。例如，个人在日常工作中，不可避免地会利用互联网解决各种各样的问题和麻烦，导致缺乏面对面的语言交流。与他人交往和协调，甚至丧失了处理日常生活中实际问题的能力，具有清晰的思维品质和有效的途径。

There is no denying that the Internet not only brings about the convenient and fast, but provides the unprecedented platform to communicate with individuals without going outside, however, from another point of view, remaining within doors to communicate tend to exacerbate the emotional alienation between individuals further and emerge with the loss of skills of adapting to society and dealing with specific issue that confused them in daily life.

毋庸置疑，互联网不仅带来了方便快捷，而且为个人提供了前所未有的交流平台，而不走出门外，然而，从另一个角度来看，留在门内交流往往加剧了情感的疏离。在个人之间，随着适应社会和处理日常生活中使他们困惑的特定问题的技能的丧失而进一步浮现。

On balance, based on the above analyzing and thought ,conspicuously , I firmly harbor the perspective that Internet has the compelling obligation to cause the alienation between individuals and certain loss of social skills due to its insuperable limitation .Only when we face up with pessimistic consequence triggered by Internet and take the effective and efficient way can we probably change the deteriorating social phenomenon .

综上所述，基于以上的分析和思考，显然，我坚定地认为，互联网具有强制性的义务来造成个人之间的疏离，以及由于它无法克服的局限性而造成的某些社会技能的损失。互联网引发的系列事件，采取有效而有效的途径，可能改变日益恶化的社会现象。

以上就是关于雅思写作复习经验关于网购话题的解析和范文。但是如何运用地道的语言将文章的中心内容清晰准确表达出来,这就需要大家在平时多读、多背英文相关话题经典金句,积累充足的写作表达素材。争取在最后的写作中,减少构思时间,把主要精力放在推敲英文上,力争将语法、拼写、标点等的低级错误降至最低。最后，建议大家对经典范文进行仿写,不断提升自己的写作水平。

雅思大作文：the education system for today's world

雅思大作文题目：in some countries, secondary schools aim to provide a general education across a range of subjects. In others, children focus on a narrow range of subjects related to a particular career. For today's world, which system is appropriate?Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

作文范文：

Resource input and immediate goals on education vary according to governmental policies within nations. In regard to secondary schools, some set up the whole range of subjects whereas others provide less for more specific future rewards for teenagers. Nowadays, from my point, I would stand for the latter due to its higher efficiency, more clarified direction and better experience.

Curriculum of all sorts have pros and cons for individuals. One major advantage lies in a wider perception of the world as each course represents a particular field that human beings have been developing and can offer a new perspective. Moreover, the students, through these courses, are prone to foster their initial but real interests and thus can make more rational choice on majors when entering universities. However, secondary schooling becomes more frustrating and shallow because students ought to prepare more subjects for inevitable assessments and less focus is dedicated in each one, which mounts burden and may be less competitive comparing to overseas freshmen in colleges for being too general.

In contrast, a narrower benefits students in different conditions in more persuasive ways. Poor families, especially in counties with less fiscal support on this industry, may drop out their young offsprings if immediate or short-term rewards are not realized from educative investment whereas a certain career out of specialized training guarantees the youth's rights of education. When it comes to the brilliant minds, this pattern ensures these potential specialists a good start as the habit of concentration can be developed. Last but not least, this curriculum setup allows students a smooth fit-in of their first jobs and, if necessary and motivated, they can develop themselves generalists by the time they earn a stable income.

In conclusion, the second system seems more reasonable with the significant superiority but each can be more feasible in different regions and under various circumstances.

雅思大作文：economic growth is the only way to end world poverty and hunger

雅思大作文题目：Some people say that economic growth is the only way to end world poverty and hunger. Others say that economic growth is causing damage to the environment ,and should be stopped now. Discuss both views and give your opinion.Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

作文范文：

Developed worlds have been devoting real efforts in economy growth since Industrial Revolution and have eventually succeeded in feeding their populations. Thus, some propose that stronger economy is the only approach in eradicating famine and poverty in the global context whereas some others argue that it should not be encouraged for the sake of environmental protection.

The state of being poor and hungry could indeed be improved out of economic development. The two fundamental reasons of this condition are mainly caused by the low amount of income on average and uneven social distribution. In dealing with the first, thriving businesses simply boost the social fortune like food, houses and a variety of products in aggregate, an objective and solid foundation of more resources for each member in the society. As for the second reason, it is extensively acknowledged that the majority of social resources are held by the elite groups in all social forms, but even under this circumstance, an ordinary citizen of a modern developed nation may worry less on the provision of food or welfare services comparing with a normal medieval farmer. As well as those, this method is clearly more humane and sustainable than others such as plundering other societies and eliminating the lower class.

A developing and prospering economy is commonly associated with environmental disruption. This is inevitable because people could not properly handle industrial waste with initial technology and the disposal results in pollution of all sorts. However, cleaner energy is generated and more by-products are reused and recycled with the progress of science and technology, leading to the reduction of pollution in the long term. What is more, the second idea mentioned is ridiculous and infeasible as the human survival and comfort is the top priority for common people and the authorities.

To conclude, I believe the development of economy can not be halted so more people can be relieved from poverty and hunger. Meanwhile, the awareness of protecting environment should be raised before it is too late.

雅思大作文：public museums and art galleries will not be needed

雅思大作文题目：Nowadays，Some people claim that public museums and art galleries will not be needed because people can see historical objects and works of art by using a computer.To what extent you agree or disagree with this opinion? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

作文范文：

Museums and art centres have become major tourist attractions within urban areas, and yet some propose that these sites would be visited on websites for intensive spread, alternative preservation and cheaper visiting costs. This argument is partially true.

Virtual visits mainly benefits on three parties. For culture and art, pictures of artefacts and exhibits can be immediately uploaded and globally browsed, which guarantees a significantly faster and wider spread. In regard to relics and works of art, it is beneficial that their pictures uploaded and saved on servers can be easily backed up at present and their three-dimensional models will be established with the progress of virtual reality technology in the future, because they face inevitable ruin out of time and disasters. Consequently in the long run, data of these items are preserved in the form of images and models, entitling descendants to have possible visits. Lastly, viewing artworks online is obviously more economical for visitors.

However, museums and art galleries in reality should not be replaced. One of the main reasons of actual visit is that first-hand observations, embedding deeper impresions, provides better experiences because it is more enjoyable to have a close look at vivid striations on a body sculpture and have a gentle touch on rocks of a castle ramport in comparison with picutures. In addition, these sites are currently the favourite places of interst for tourists and, for the sake of the local tourism income, these attractions are still needed.

To conclude my own view, the tendency of virtualizing many activities seems to be natural and unavoidable and this argument can indeed gain its favour out of solid reasons. Nevertheless, the total replacement of physical existence of the sites will deprive people’s right to sense their real magnificence and marvel.

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