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篇1：高一英语第二十二单元 Britain and Ireland
科目 英语
年级 高一
文件 high1 unit22.doc
标题 Britain and Ireland
章节 第二十二单元
关键词 内容
三、重点难点分析
1. Where are you from ?
询问国籍时还可以有以下表达方法：
Are you…? (Chinese / English / German)
Are you from…? (China / England / Germany)
“What country are you from ?” ── “I’m from China .”
“What nationality are you ?” ── “I’m of Chinese nationality” / My nationality is Chinese”
2.在课文word study中要求完成表格现将答案显示如下：
Country Adjective People Language
England English the English English
Scotland Scottish the Scots English / Scottish
Ireland Irish the Irish English / Irish
Wales Welsh the Welsh English / Welsh
Germany German German German
France French Frenchmen / Frenchwomen French
Japan Japanese Japanese Japanese
China Chinese Chinese Chinese
The U.S.A American American English
3. The larger of the two islands is Britain , Which lies to the east of Ireland .
其中较大的岛是不列颠，位于爱尔兰的东面。
Lie在句中表示“位于”和不同的介词搭配表示不同的位置关系，例如：
①lie to the east / west . north . south of… 在…之东/ 西、北、南，并不强调是否接壤
Taiwan lie to the east of Fujian . 台湾位于福建的东方。
Cardiff is to the west of London . 卡尔地夫在伦敦的西边。
②lie on……表示强调二者交界
Wales lies on the west of England .
威尔士位于英格兰的西面。
③lie on……还可以表示在……河畔，……沿线
London lies on the River Thames . 伦敦位于泰晤士河畔。
There are several villages on the coast . 海岸沿线有几个小村庄。
Wu han , the capital of Hubei Province , lies on the Changjiang River .
湖北的省会武汉位于长江之畔。
④lie in……表示“在……境内”。
Japan lies (is) to the east of China , it lies (is)
日本在中国以东，也在亚洲东部。（日本属于亚洲范畴，所以用in）
Taiwan lies in the east of China .
台湾在中国的东部。
4.The letters “UK” stand for “the United kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland” .
字母 “UK”代表The United kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland .
大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
stand for : “代表”、“代替”
①Our flag stands for our country . 我的旗子代表着我们的国家。
②Each star on the flag of the United States stands for a state of the nation .
美国国旗上的每一颗星代表着美国的一个州。
5.The “UK” is made up of four countries . 联合王国是由四部分组成的。
make up of : 由……组成
①A car is made up of different parts . 汽车是由许多不同的部分组成的。
②The audience was made up of very young children .
听众是一群小孩子。
6.Scotland has many lakes and mountains and is famous for its beautiful countryside .
苏格兰有许多湖泊和山脉，并以其乡村美景著称。
be famous for : 以……而闻名，以……著称
①Beijing is famous for its ancient places of interest .
北京以其名胜古迹而著称。
②Egypt is famous for the pyramids .
埃及以金字塔而闻名。
7.There used to be a lot of coal mines in the south , but many of them have been closed , or are about to be closed .
威尔士南部曾经有许多煤矿，但是不少煤矿现在已经关闭了，或濒临关闭。
※There used to be… “过去常有，曾经有过”暗指现在不复存在了。
①There used to be a big supermarket , but it has been moved to another place .
这曾经有一个大超市的，不过现在已经搬到别处去了。
②There used to be some trees in this field , usen’t / didn’t there ?
这块地里以前有许多树，不是吗？
※be about to……即将做某事。
①Be quick ! The plane is about to take off .
快点！飞机就要起飞了。
②It’s too late , the film is about to be finished .
太晚了，电影就要结束了。
8.London lies on the River Thames and has a population of seven million .
伦敦位于泰晤士河畔，人口700万。
population 人口，提问有多少人口用“What”，修饰人口众多用“large”。
①What was the population of Beijing in ?
②China has the largest population in the world . 中国是世界人口最多的国家。
9.Ireland is divided into two countries . 爱尔兰被分成2个国家。
divide “分，分开”。指把整体分成若干份。
①He divided the cake among the children .
他把这个蛋糕分给孩子们。
②Let’s divide our Class into 7 groups .
咱们把我们班分成7个小组。
Separate : v. “隔开”“脱离”，指把原来连在一起或靠近的分割开来，使之有一段距离，常和“from”连用，做不及物动词时为“分手”。
①England and France are separated by 22 miles of open ocean at their closest point .
英国和法国最近的地方也被大海分开了22英里。
②You’d better separate the good ones from the bad ones.
你最好把好、坏分开。
③We have been separated for a long time .
我们分手很久了。
④Separate . adj . 不同的，独立的。
We went our separate way after the party . 聚会结束后我们分手了。（走不同方向的路）
10.Ireland is especially wet .
爱尔兰尤其潮湿。
especially “尤其”强调个别超过其它部分，它后面提到的东西必须是前面叙述事物的一部分。
①I love the country , especially in spring .
我喜欢乡下，尤其是在春天。
②The Great Wall had been rebuilt and repaired many times , especially during the Ming Dynasty .
长城被重建和修缮了许多次，尤其是在明朝。
Specially , “特别地”，指为一特别的目的而专门做的。
①The books are specially written for children .
这些书是专门为孩子们而写的。
②I made this specially for your birthday .
这是我特意为你生日准备的。
11.They lived mainly on potatoes . 他们以土豆为主食。
live on “靠吃……为主”，“靠……（收入）生活”。
①The cows live on grass . 牛以草为食。
②The people in north China live mainly on wheat .
中国华北人以吃小麦为主。
③How could you live on such a small income ?
你怎么能靠这么一点收入生活呢？
12.Around 1850 , a terrible disease hit the potato crop , and potato went bad in the soil .
大约在1850年，土豆作物发生了一场可怕的病害，土豆全都烂在地里了。
go bad “变坏”，go是系动词，表示由一种状态变成另一种，例如go blind（变瞎），go mad（变疯）
go wrong（出毛病）同样的系表构成还有由become和get引导的，如
①The fish went bad , it smells terrible .
②Beethoven went deaf almost completely at the ago of 40 .
贝多芬在40岁的时候几乎丧生了全部听力。
③The situation has become better .
情况变得更好了。
④They are getting stronger and stronger .
他们越来越强壮了。
13.Although many families became separated , people still kept in touch with each other .
虽然许多家庭分散了，但是家人还是保持着联系。
keep in touch with…… 和……保持联系。
①People can keep in touch with each other even-when they do live far away from each other .
当人们住的很远的时候也能彼此保持联系。
②A good teacher should always keep in touch with students .
一个好的教师应该常与学生接触。
14.Altheugh many farmerms in the west continue to lead a simple life .
虽然很多西部的农民仍然过着很简朴的生活。
lead a…life，过着…的生活。
①Mathild led a hard life for the lost necklace .
由于那条丢了的项链，Mathilde过着艰苦的生活。
②Her parents are leading a quiet life in the country side .
她的父母在乡下过着平静的生活。
③We , young people should lead an active life .
我们年轻人应该积极的生活。
15.Most Irish people go to church every Sunday and the church plays an important part in people’s lives .
大部分爱尔兰人每星期都去做礼拜，教会在人们生活中起着重要作用。
play a part in… 在…方面起作用，在……中扮演角色。
①Foreign languages study plays an important part in Karl Marx’s life .
外语学习在马克思的一生中起了很重要的作用。
② “Which parts do you play (in the film) ?” “你（在电影中）扮演中哪个角色？”
“──I play the part of king” . “我演国王”。
16.The Irish are very fond of music and poems .
爱尔兰人很喜欢音乐和诗歌。
be fond of… 喜欢，爱好
①She has many faults , but we’re all very fond of her .
虽然她有很多毛病，但我们都很喜欢她。
②Girls are usually fond of watching fashion-shown .
女孩子通常喜欢看时装表演。
一、语言运用：
运用所学语言，完成教科书和练习册中规定的听、说、写的任务，阅读课文“Britain and Ireland”和“Ireland”，了解英国和爱尔兰的地理和历史情况，并完成有关课文内容的练习。
二、日常交际用语：
1.Are you from…?
Where are you from ?
What are you ?
I’m (form)…
2. Expressions for location（方位表达）
例如：①London is in the southeast of England .
②Wales lies to / on the west of England .
③London lies on the River Thames .
④North of England lies in Scotland .
三、阅读理解
England and France are separated by 22 miles of open ocean at their closest point . People of all ages and different jobs had tried to swim across the English Channel . Each swimmer decides to have this great try for different reasons , but each has the same aim-to conquer（征服）the channel .
The English Channel was first crossed in 1875 by Matthew Webb , an Englishman , who swam from Dover , England , to Calas , France . Since then , over 3,700 people have had about 4,500 tries on the channel . Only 297 people (199men and 98 women) , however , have successfully gained（得到）Webb’s remark-able（非凡的）achievement（成就）。
1.The English Channel is .
A. a river from Dover to Calas . B. a canal（运河）between England and France
C. a sea between Britain and France D. a strait between Britain and France
2.The Channel is about 22 miles .
A. long B. wide C. deep D. shallow（浅）
3.Of the following statements , which is true according to the passage above ?
A. More men have succeeded（成功）in crossing the Channel than women .
B. All swimmers have their tries on the Channel for special prizes .
C. The Channel was first conquered over two centuries ago .
D. No one failed in his try on the Channel .
4.According to the passage , how many people have crossed the Channel up to now ? .
A. 4,500 B. 3,700 C. 298 D. 297
5.The best title for this passage may be“ ”.
A. How to Cross the English Channel B. The Importance of Swimming
C. Conquering the English Channel D. The English Channel
答案：B B A B C
篇2：高三英语第二十二单元
科目 英语
年级 高三
文件 high3 unit22.doc
标题 Bees
章节 第二十二单元
关键词 高三英语第二十二单元
内容
一、教法建议
【抛砖引玉】
通过本单元的学习，同学们可以了解到蜜蜂传递信息的方法，培养他们认真观察的能力，激发对科学研究的兴趣。
单元双基学习目标
Ⅰ. 词汇学习
amazing , spot , surround , astonishment , to one’s astonishment , troop , downward
Ⅱ. 交际英语
Prohibitions and warnings (禁止与警告)
1. You can’t / Mustn’t do ……
2. If you …… , you will ……
3. You had better not do ……
4. Don’t smoke .
5. No noise , please .
6. Look out ! / Take care ! / Br careful !
7. Make sure you lock the door when you leave !
8. Mind the wet paint !
9. Mind your own business ! 别管闲事 ！
10. Watch out where you are walking .
Ⅲ. 语法学习
复习定语从句和同位语从句的用法。
【指点迷津】
kind of 与 sort of
※ 表示“种、类”的意思时，kind 和 sort 同意，可有下列一些结构。
1 . kind ( sort ) of 后可接单数名词或复数名词，动词用单数形式。例如：
This kind of question ( questions ) is not easy .
2 . 也可修饰不可数名词。
That kind of food is too expensive .
3 . 口语中，常习惯说 These kind ( s ) of + 单数或复数名词，动词用复数。因其结构不太严谨，在书面语中常改用另一种说法。试比较：
These kind ( s ) of flower ( s ) are very beautiful .
Flowers of this kind ( sort ) are very beautiful .
These kinds of deer are very rare .
Deer of this kind are very rare . 这种鹿非常罕见。
4 . 纵上所述，这类句子有六种说法，归纳如下：
A：口语说法有：
这种自行车是上海造的。
These kind of bikes are made in Shanghai .
These sorts of bikes are made in Shanghai .
These kinds of bike are made in Shanghai .
B：标准说法有：
这类事情常常能听到。
This sort of thing is often heard about .
This sort of things is often heard about .
Things of this sort are often heard about .
5 . 还应注意，在修饰不定代词时，this kind ( sort ) 常放在不定代词之后。例如：
I have never heard of anything of this kind .
※ a kind of…与…of a kind
1 . a kind of 表示“一种……”的意思。但并非都可译为“一种……”的意思。但并非都可译为“一种”，当有时由于对所说事物 ( 人 ) 不能确定其真正含义时，常常译成“大致可以说成是……”，“类似 ……的东西”。例如：
He is a kind ( sort ) of genius (天才) .
At the same time another kind of paper was developed . 同时另一种纸也被研制出来。
2 . …of a kind ( sort ) , 也有很多不同的含义。表示“同种类的”，“徒有其名的，劣质的，勉强算是……的”等意思。例如：
Things of a kind come together . 物以类聚。
You bought some tea leaves of a sort yesterday . 你昨天买了什么劣质茶叶。
The boss gave his workers rice of a kind . 那老板给工人们吃极差的米饭。
※ kind ( sort ) 用于复数，也可用 of kinds ( sorts ) 形式。应注意修饰 kinds ( sorts ) 的形容词也应放在 of 之后。例如：
People eat different kinds of food ( food of different kinds ) which change into energy。
He saw all kinds ( every kind ) of people ( people of all kinds/every kind . )
单元重点词汇点拨
1. amazing令人惊异的；了不起的
The new car goes at an astonishing speed .
〖点拨〗amazing可以作形容词。amazed作形容词是“被惊异”。amazement是名词“惊异，惊愕”。常用词组有：to one’s amazement使某人惊异的是…… 。如：
I was amazed to find him there as well .
To my amazement I came first .
2. surround围绕，包围
Mystery surrounded the actress’s death . 女演员之死笼罩着神秘的气氛。
〖点拨〗该词常用于被动语态。surrounding是形容词“周围的，附近的”。如：
The wall surrounds the church . = The church is surrounded by / with the wall .
We found the village surrounded by a river .
The old man sat there telling stories , surrounded by some children .
The beauty of the surrounding scenery is beyond description .
另外，surrounding还常用复数形式表示“环境，周围的事物”。如：
She likes to bring up her child in healthy surroundings . 她希望在健康的环境中养育孩子。
单元词组思维运用
1. varieties of多种多样的
2. live in large groups群居
3. communicate with sb与某人交流信息
4. work with bees = make a study of bees = do research on bees 研究蜜蜂
5. to the left 向左 。on the left在左边
6. mark sth blue把某物标成蓝色记号
7. come to light被发现
8. set out to do sth = set about doing sth着手干……
9. fly through the air在空中飞行
10. be away on holiday外出研究
11. improve one’s understanding of增进对……的了解
12. out of the research of够不着的地方
二、学海导航
【学法指要】
单元难点疑点思路明晰
1.There are also other varieties that do not live in groups at all . 还有些蜂根本不群居。
〖明晰〗(1)variety n.变化：多样化；种种；种类。如：a variety of fruits各种水果， make a choice from three varieties of whisky 从3种威士忌酒中作一选择， a life full of variety丰富多彩的生活，different varieties of plant不同种类的植物。
(2)in groups 一组一组的；一群一群的。in large groups大批地。
2.…many more came to it one after another in a short time . 不一会儿，越来越多的蜜蜂很快就来了。
〖明晰〗(1)one after another一个接一个地（着重表达连续性，且是三者以上）， 不时变 形为one…after another。但one after the other 一个接一个地（常指两个间的连续动作），有时也变形为one…after the other。而one by one 一个一个地，依次地（不着重连续性，而着重逐个，各个）如：
They entered the meeting-room one after another.
他们一个一个地进了会议室。
We destroyed the enemy forces one by one.我们各个地歼不敌军。
(2)in a short time 很快，不久。in such a short time 在如此短时间内。
3. Von Frisch wanted to find out whether the dance told them how far away the feeding place was . 冯．弗里施想要弄清楚这种舞是否告诉它们喂食的地方离得有多远。
〖明晰〗how far away有多远距离（带与静态性动词连用）。而how far多远（多与移动性动词连用）。如：
How far did you go?你走了多远?
How far away do you live?你住得多远?
4.The dancer ran in a straight line, wagging from side to side . 跳舞的蜜蜂沿着直线跑，边跑边左右摇摆。
〖明晰〗(1)in a straight line 以直线的方式。in 常用于表达形式、方式、排列等，译作 “按照，以，符合于”。 如：stand in a circle 站成圆圈， speak in a whisper低声讲话，run in threes and fours三五成群的跑，in a good order井井有条地，in my opinion/view以我之见。
(2)from side to side从一侧到另一侧；左右地。 已学过的类似无结构还有：from mouth to mouth 口口相传，from sun to sun 从日出到日落， from door to door沿门，挨家挨户地，from day to day日复一日地，from end to end从头至 尾(=from cover to cover), from hand to hand从一人之手到队人之手， from time时常，不时。
5. Back at the hive they watched the wagging dance closely . 他们回到蜂房旁，密切注视着摇摆舞。
〖明晰〗closely密切地。close 既可作形容词表“密切的”又可作副词表“紧紧地”亲近地。 象这种有两种形式的副词在使用中应注意：一般与形容词同形的副词不能用在动词 之前，而带-ly的副词可以；与形容词同形的副词不能置于It be…that强调句型中，而带-ly的副词则可以；表示距离远近、物体高度、深度及宽度时，与形容词同形的副词往往表具体含义；而加-ly的副词表抽象意义。又如：
We flew high in the sky.我们在高空飞行。
We think highly of their research.我们对他们的研究评价很高。
6. He set out to discover whether the wagging dance showed direction . 他开始着手发现这种摇摆舞是否表明方向。
〖明晰〗set out to do 开始干/set about doing开始干/set off for 出发到某地；使燥炸
7.sit up for sb; sit up with sb; sleep late; stay late; stay up
〖明晰〗(1)sit up for sb深夜不睡以等待某人；sit up with sb 熬夜照看（或护理）某人。如：He sat up for his son, who sat up with his sick mother-in-law.
他深夜不睡等待儿子回家，他的儿子通宵未睡照看生病的岳母。
(2)sleep late睡懒觉；stay late（或stay up late）很晚才睡觉。如：
I wonder why Tom never sleeps late and Mike always stays up late.
我纳闷的是为何汤姆总是不睡懒觉，约翰又为何总是很晚睡觉。
8.put aside, put away, lay up
〖明晰〗以上三个词组在作“存钱”之意时，可互换。如：
(NMET 96)It's wise to have some money put away(或：laid up, put aside) for old age.为养老而储蓄些钱是明智之举。
但put aside着重“把……放到边”暂不去动它，或不现做某事，而put away着重“ 把……收藏起来”以便以后使用。如：
Put your books aside. We are going to have a dictation.
把收放在一边，我们来听写。
Put all the instruments away on the shelf so that they won't yet broken.
把这些仪器收起来放到书架上以免打破了。
9.put an end to; put a stop to
〖明晰〗(1)put an end to 使结束，使终止，使消灭。如：
That accident put an end to his life.那次事故断送了他的命。
(2)Put a stop to=bring sth to a stop使……停下来（说明只是停止， 而不是终结）。如：
It's raining hard, we have to put a stop to the work.
雨下得很大，我们只好停工。
10.owe sb sth; owe sth to sb
〖明晰〗owe sb sth欠某人债务；应向某人表达……。如：
I owe her 20 yuan=I owe 20 yuan to her.我欠她20元。
We owe you an apology(=we owe an apology to you)我们应向您道歉。
owe sth to sb还可表达：应把……归功于……。如：
We owe our happy life to our Party.(注意这时不能改换为：we owe our party our happy life.)我们的幸福生活归功于党。
11.of one's own; on one's own
〖明晰〗of one's own“自己的”，常作定语。on one's own“独自地，独立地”， 常作状语。如：
We have a house of our own.我们自己有一座房屋。
He directs the film on his own.他独自导演那部影片。
【妙文赏析】
A Bad Neighbor
Mr . and Mrs . Wu were fed up with their neighbor . He was always borrowing things from them .
“ It's not right , ”Mr . Wu said to his wife one evening . “ At some time or another that man has borrowed nearly everything we have . Almost every day he comes over to borrow something . ”
“ You're quite right , ”his wife replied , “ and most of the thing he's never returned . ”
“ What I want to know , ”her husband said , “ is why can't he buy the things he needs , like everyone else ? ”
“ Because people like us are foolish enough to lend him what he needs , ”she replied . “ As long as we are willing to lend , he'll keep on borrowing . ”
“ Then we'll never lend him anything again , ”Mr . Wu said . “ The next time he asks to borrow something , I'll say no . ”
“ We must have a good reason for saying no , ”his wife said , “ and we must always try to be polite to him . We don't want to make an enemy of the man . ”
It was not long before their decision not to lend their neighbor anything ever again was put to the test .
The next morning there was a knock on the door .
Mr . Wu went to answer it .
Their neighbor was standing there . Mr . Wu knew he was going to ask to borrow something , and was ready to refuse him politely .
“ Good morning , ”their neighbor said , “ I'm sorry to trouble you , but I wonder if I could borrow your garden scissors . ”
“ I'm sorry , ”Mr . Wu said , “ but I'm afraid my wife and I will be using them today . We'll be spending all day working in the garden . ”
“ Oh , I see , ”the neighbor said , “ in that case , may I borrow your golf clubs ? You won't be needing them if you're working in the garden all day , will you ? ”
【思维体操】
1. If you were to throw a stone into the Red Sea , what would it become ?
2. What is a boxer’s motto ?
3. What’s a 747’s motto ?
4. What’s every baby’s motto ?
答案：1. wet 2. If at first you don’t succeed , try , try again . 3. If at first you don’t succeed , fly , fly again . 4. If at first you don’t succeed , cry , cry again .
三、智能显示
【心中有数】
单元语法发散思维
测试中的定语从句疑难点
※ 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词要和先行词的性、数保持一致。如：
This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens .
He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French .
注意： which 引导非限制性定语从句时，往往代表前面所说的整个情况。这时 which 被看作单数，其后的谓语动词应用单数形式。如：
He said he a Frenchman , which was not true .
※ whose 引导定语从句时，从句前的先行词可以指人，也可以指物。如：
A young man from our school , whose name I have forgotten , has gone to Scotland .
This is the desk , whose legs we have repaired . (whose legs 可改为 the legs of which)
※ 介词 + 关系代词
1 . 根据动词选择介词。有些定语从句中的介词本身是从句的一部分，这样的介词可位于关系代词前，也可位于关系代词后，如：
I don't know the foreigner with whom my teacher shook hands .
(或 I don't know the foreigner(whom) my teacher shook hands with . )
但要注意：who 和 that 不能直接位于介词后作宾语；有的短语动词是不能拆开的，因为这些介词存在于关系密切的固定短语中，常见的这类短语有：look for , look after 等，如：
This is the pencil that Ma Lili is looking for . (对)
This is the pencil for which Ma Lili is looking . (错)
2 . 根据先行词选择介词。介词和先行词之间构成习惯搭配，此时，介词一般位于关系代词之前，它和从句中的动词不存在逻辑或意义上的关系，如：
He stood by the window , through which he could see what was happening outside . (the window 是介词 through 的逻辑宾语)
3 . 有时，介词 + 关系代词可转换为关系副词，这样的关系副词一般为 when , why , where。如：
This is the house in which (=where) Chairman Mao once lived .
Everyone knows the reason for which (=why) the High Dam was built .
I still remember the day on which (=when) we visited the temple .
※ 选用定语从句的引导词时，不能只看先行词，重要的是看引导词在从句中充当什么成份。如：
The evening that people spent singing and playing music was exciting . (充当宾语)
The Summer Palace , where we spent last Sunday , is a famous place . (作状语)
The islands of Britain that we visited last year are made up of four parts . (作宾语)
※ 避免关系词的重复，被关系代词所代替的部分不可在从句中复现。如：
The factory where he works there is a large one . (应去掉 there)
This is the factory which we visited it last Sunday . (应去掉 it)
※ 注意关系代词的省略。
1 . 关系代词作主语不能省略。
2 . 作动词宾语的关系代词，可以省略；作介词宾语的关系代词，如果不直接位于介词后，可省略，如果直接作介词的宾语，不能省略。
3 . 关系代词 which 在非限制性定从句中作宾语也不能省略。
4 . reason , way 后的关系词可省可不省，如：
This is the reason(for which / why /that) he came last for class .
I don't like the was(in which / that) he talks .
【动脑动手】
单元能力立体检测
定语从句多项选择专练
1 . Finally the thief handed ____ he had stolen to the police .
A . everything B . that C . which D . all
2 . This is the highest building ____ .
A . we have ever built in out school B . that has ever been built since 1994
C . where all the senior students will live D . built for us to live in
3 . The building ____ are bright at night is our school library .
A . which B . whose windows C . where D . the windows of which
4 . The girl ____ is our new English teacher .
A . you spoke to B . that you talked
C . of whom hair is beautiful D . you said something to
5 . She has two daughters , .
A . two of them are bright B . neither of whom works as a teacher
C . who are both workers D . both of whom have gone to college
6 . The person ____ is a professor .
A . who is talking to the shop assistant B . that the shop assistant is talking to
C . whom you are talking D . with who they are talking
7 . That is the office ____ my mother once worked .
A . which B . in which C . when D . where
8 . The skirt is mine , ____ .
A . whose colour is blue B . that I bought last year
C . which cost me twenty yuan D . whose colour I am interested in
9 . The washing machine ____ works well .
A . I bought last Thursday B . my mother is eager to buy
C . whose sides are all white D . that is made in Shanghai
10 . Shanghai is the very place ____ .
A . which the foreigners are interested in B . the foreigners are eager to visit
C . where live a lot of foreigners D . what the foreigners like to stay at
11 . Joan is one of the best writers ____ .
A . who are thought highly of
B . whose books the people in the world enjoy very much
C . who have published a lot of books
D . that has been given medals
12 . the two friends met again , and they talked about a lot of things and persons ____ they could remember at college .
A . who B . whom C . which D . that
13 . He is ____ everyone likes to work with .
A . one B . the one that C . the person D . whom
14 . This is the modern hotel ____ the visitors can enjoy all good things .
A . which B . in which C . that D . where
15 . The earth goes round the sun , ____ even a child knows .
A . which B . that C . as D . it
16 . The railway bridge _____ will be finished in two days .
A . which is being built now B . where we visited yesterday
C . we visited yesterday D . where there are a lot of busy workers
17 . Is that laboratory _____ ?
A . the one that we visited yesterday B . where we visited yesterday
C . the one we visited yesterday D . that we visited yesterday
18 . Is that the laboratory ____ yesterday ?
A . we visited B . where we saw the professor
C . the one we visited D . which we visited
答案：1. AD 2. ACD 3. BD 4. AD 5. BCD 6. AB 7. BD 8. ACD 9. ABCD 10. BCD 11. ABC 12. D 13. BC 14. BD 15. AC 16. ACD 17. AC 18. ABD
【创新园地】
下面是一些同学们在英语书面表达中经常译错的句子，出错的原因是易受汉语思维的影响。请你试一试。
1 . 我昨天收到了你的来信。
2. 感谢您的邀请
3. 在我住在你们家中期间，你们给了我许多帮助。
4. 如果你有空的话，请到我们的城市来参观。
5. 祝您成功。
6. 祝您旅游愉快。
7. 今晚将要举行英语晚会。
（请同学们写好后把答案反馈给我们）
【创新园地】答案：
1. I heard from you yesterday . / I received /got your letter yesterday . 或者：Your letter reached me yesterday
2 . Thank you fro your invitation .
3 . While / When I stayed in your home , you gave me a lot of help .
4 . Please come to our city for a visit if you have time . / Please come to our city to visit if it is convenient to you .
5 . I wish you to succeed . / I wish you successful . / I wish you success .
6 . May you have a good trip . / A good journey to you .
7 . There will be an English evening party this evening . An English evening party will be held this evening .
【同步题库】
Unit 22
一、从下列A、B、C、D 中选出一个最佳答案。
1. My father persuaded me not to time TV all day and all night .
A. waste ; to see B. spend ; to watching C. waste ; watching D. cost ; to see
2. Did you watch the TV broadcast of the football match last night ?
A. live B. alive C. living D. lively
3. She must have known the result of her maths exam , she ?
A. mustn't B. haven't C. hasn't D. isn't
4. The manager is over there . Why not make yourself him ?
A. know about B. known to C. known by D. known as
5. I'm glad to see you here . But in fact , I know you .
A. don't ; are coming B. don't ; have come
C. didn’t ; came D. didn't ; were coming
6. These wet clothes should to dry .
A. hung up B. be hung up C. hang up D. be hanged up
7. ，we plant young trees . And the young trees grow taller .
A. Year after year ; year after year B. Year by year ; year by year
C. Year by year ; year after year D. Year after year ; year by year
8. She is a good student . She is always the first to school and the last school .
A. comes ; leaves B. to come ; to leave C. coming ; leaving D. come ; leave
9. The museum they visited last week the 15th century .
A. dates from B. dates back from C. dates since D. dating back to
10. Thinking you know in fact you don't is a terrible mistake .
A. that ; what B. that ; that C. what ; that D. what ; what
11. I feel like in the fresh air after supper , but I'd like at home today .
A. to walk ; to stay B. walking ; staying
C. to walk ; staying D. walking ; to stay
12. - Where are you from ?
- .
A. I'm British B. I speak English
C. I was born in Ireland D. I used to live in Wales
13. The that the church is great .
A. part ; makes B. parts ; plays C. part ; plays D. role , play
14. The girl took of the two oranges and gave one to her brother .
A. smaller ; bigger B. the small ; the big
C. the smallest ; the biggest D. the smaller ; the bigger
15. To be honest , that problem made me .
A. puzzled ; puzzled B. puzzling ; puzzling
C. puzzled ; puzzling D. puzzling ; puzzled
16. Everything must be ready . Chairman Zhang in ten minutes .
A. will arrive B. is about to arrive
C. is possible to arrive D. is probable to arrive
17. My cousin went abroad , that is , .
A. in his thirties ; in the 1990S B. in his thirty ; in the 1999
C. at the age of 30 ; in 1999s D. at thirty ; in 1990's
18. You won't get well unless you the doctor's advice .
A. hear B. listen C. follow D. receive
19. Our headmaster would like with the boy Henry .
A. to have words ; whose name is B. having a talk ; with the name of
C. have a word ; his name is D. to have a word ; named
20. - How are you getting along with your work ?
- I haven't made I should .
A. so more progress as B. as much progress as
C. as many progress as D. much progress like
二、完形填空。
We are often warned by our teachers not to waste time because time (1) will never return . I think it quite (2) . What does time look (3) ? Nobody knows , and we can't see it or touch it and no (4) of money can buy it . Time is abstract , so we have to (5) about it .
Time passed very quickly . (6) students say they don't have (7) time to review their lessons . It is (8) they don't know how to make (9) of their time . They waste it in going to theatres or parks , and (10) other useless things . Why do we study every day ? Why do we work ? Why do most people (11) take buses instead of walking ? The answer is very (12) . We wish to save time because time is (13) .
Today we are (14) in the 20th century . We (15) time as life . When a person dies , his life ends . Since life is short , we must (16) our time and energy to our studies so that we (17) be able to serve the people well in the future . Laziness is the (18) of time , for it not only brings us (19) , but also does other (20) to us . If it is (21) for us to do our work today , (22) us do it today and not (23) it until tomorrow . (24) that time is much more (25) .
1. A. lost B. passed C. missed D. used
2. A. important B. true C. common D. terrible
3. A. for B. like C. after D. over
4. A. amount B. quality C. quantity D. price
5. A. think B. imagine C. examine D. check
6. A. Such B. Some C. Sometime D. Most
7. A. spare B. free C. enough D. much
8. A. reasonable B. why C. because D. certain
9. A. good B. use C. something D. up
10. A. doing B. making C. taking D. getting
11. A. ought to B. have to C. would rather D. had better
12. A. easy B. simple C. obvious D. clear
13. A. worthless B. priceless C. limiting D. little
14. A. working B. living C. struggling D. advancing
15. A. look upon B. use C. think D. believe
16. A. devote B. spend C. give D. set
17. A. must B. should C. may D. can
18. A. helper B. thief C. butcher D. companion
19. A. wealth B. health C. failure D. illness
20. A. danger B. harm C. trouble D. difficulty
21. A. successful B. convenient C. necessary D. important
22. A. help B. let C. make D. have
23. A. keep B. remain C. repeat D. leave
24. A. Remember B. Think C. Realize D. Save
25. A. valuable B. expensive C. worth D. fragile
三、阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。
（一）
There was a time when the owners of shops and businesses in Chicago had to pay large sums of money to gangsters (匪徒) in return for “protection” . If the money was not paid immediately , the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by destroying his shop . Getting “protection money” is not a modern means . As long ago as the fourteenth century , an Englishman , Sir John Hawkwood , made the remarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters .
Then Sir John Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a group of soldiers and settled near Florence . He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto . Whenever the Italian city-states were at war with each other , Hawkwood used to hire his soldiers to those who were willing to pay the high price he demanded . In times of peace , when business was bad , Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state and , after burning down a few farms , would offer to go away if protection money was paid to them , Hawkwood made large sums of money with this method . In spite of this , the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero . When he died at eighty , the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had his picture painted , which was in memory of “this bravest man” .
1. What protection did Chicago gangsters give to those who paid them ?
A. They saved those people's businesses from destruction .
B. They left those people's business unharmed much .
C. They sent soldiers to serve them no matter what help they needed willingly .
D. They didn't take those people's lives
2. Sir John Hawkwood's Italian name ‘ Giovanni Acuto ’ was one which .
A. he gave himself in order to become better known to the Italians
B. he earned through his sharp practice of selling his‘protection’
C. he needed so as to hire his soldiers to Italians
D. was given him in telling his services to the others'
3. The Italians regarded Hawkwood as a sort of hero .
A. because they couldn't help admiring his bravery and boldness
B. as he aided the citizens in peacetime when business was bad for them
C. he had played an important role in their daily life
D. for he lived so long and was given a state funeral by the Florentines
4. From the passage , we can guess the gangsters were those .
A. who were of great importance to the poor
B. who made the businessmen do whatever they were in need of
C. who were always ready to be sent abroad
D. who did harm to others
5. According to the writer , Hawkwood was .
A. a sort of national hero B. an experienced leader
C. a brave soldier D. a noble gangster
（二）
The sun had gone behind a cloud . I was very tired and wanted nothing in the world so much as to be at home . At last I got to the gate of Hide Park . But this was worse than ever ; there were buses there - high and terribly red cars , taxis and still more buses in an endless line . Everywhere there were people hurrying past or waiting to get into the buses , while I stood lost in the middle of them .
I was ready to cry . In despair, I crossed the street on to an “island”,where I found a policeman . I took my last bit of courage in both hands and said , “Please , sir , where is Addison Road ? ” He began to explain , but when he saw that I couldn't understand he became helpless , too . “Are you French at school ?” A few minutes later , he smiled and raised his hand . How wonderful ! The traffic stopped . Even the red buses stood still and waited until I had crossed the road .
6. That is the most probable reason why she was tired out .
A. it had been very hot by then
B. the writer had been standing lost for a long time
C. the writer had been completely lost
D. the writer had been wandering in the park for a long time
7. Because the writer was made so worn out , .
A. she wanted nothing on earth but her home
B. she thought it perfect to stay at home
C. she would never leave her home at all
D. she didn't get to the park on time
8. In this passage “island”means .
A. a piece of land surrounded by water
B. a raised place in a busy street where people may be safe from traffic
C. a safe place that can only be used by policemen
D. a safe place that nobody can use without permission
9. Why did the traffic stop ? Because .
A. all the drivers could understand French
B. perhaps a certain driver had broken the traffic rules
C. all the drivers knew the policeman very well
D. the policeman was directing the traffic
10. In which country do you think the story happened ?
A. Switzerland . B. France .
C. England . D. A certain non-English speaking country .
四、短文改错
Mr. Wang is my physics teacher . He has 1.75 metres 1.
in the height . He was born on November 4 , 1952 . So 2.
he is a middle-aged man . Mr. Wang graduated Qinghua 3.
University in 1978 . After graduation , he becomes a middle 4.
school teacher . He has been taught physics for 20 years . 5.
He is a success as a teacher . He has been given a 6.
lot of honors . He is not only a good teacher in the 7.
physics but also speak English and Russian very well . 8.
In his spare time , he likes reading books , collect 9.
stamps and listening music . Also , Mr. Wang is kind-hearted . 10.
We all like and respect him .
【同步题库】答案一、1. C 。2. A 。live “实况的”。 3. C 。对过去肯定推测的反意疑问句用have 与主语相一致。4. B 。5. D 。对说话前动作的陈述。6. B 。7. D 。8. B。序数词后常用不定式作定语。9. A 。date from = date back to 。10. A 。11. D 。12. A 。13. C 。该句是为强调part而使其提置句首，后跟that定语从句。play a part / role in 在……起作用；扮演……角色。14. D 。“the + 比较级 + of + the two + 复数名词”表“两者中最……”。15. D 。puzzling “令人迷惑的”，puzzled“被迷惑的”。16. A 。“be about to”不与表将来的时间状语连用。17. A 。18. C 。follow / take one's advice 听取……的意见， ask for one's advice征求…… 的意见。19. D 。have a word / talk with 和……聊一聊，have words with sb = quarrel with sb 和……争吵。 20. B 。二、1. A 2. B 3. B 4. A 5 B 6. B 7. C 8. C 9. B 10. A 11. B 12. B 13. B 14. B 15. A 16. A 17. C 18. B 19. C 20.B 21. C 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. A 三、1 - 5 DBADD 6 - 10 DBBDC 四、1. has 改为 is 2. 去掉 the 3. graduated 后加 from 4. becomes 改为 became 5. taught 改为 teaching 6. 对 7. 去掉 the 8. speak 改为 speaks 9. collect 改为 collecting 10. listening 后加 to
篇3：初一英语第二十二单元
第二十二单元
一． 教学目的：现在进行时和日常用语
二． 教学难点：现在进行时
三． 重点难点讲解：
1． 现在进行时
现在进行时是由动词be(即am, is 和are) +动词ing形式构成的，助动词am/is/are的选择要根据主语的人称或数来决定。
动词的ing 形式构成的几种方式：
（1）一般情况下，在动词词尾加上ing, 例如：go-going, read-reading
（2）以不发音字母e结尾的动词，要先去e，再加上ing, 例如：
have-having write-writing
（3）以重读闭音节结尾的单词，中间只有一个元音字母，词尾只有一个辅音字母，在构成现在分词时，要先双写这个辅音字母，再加ing, 例如：
put-putting run-running begin-beginning
现在进行时的运用：主要用来表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。例如：
We are thinking about the question.
我们正在思考那个问题。
She is looking after her mother at home.
她正在家里服侍她母亲。
注意：某些动词表示短暂性动作，其动作不能在一段时间内持续，如：see, find, catch 等，因此，这些短暂性动词不能用于进行时态。 某些表示情感，意识的动词如：like, want, know等也不能用于进行时态。
现在进行时的否定形式是在助动词be后面加not构成。
现在进行时的疑问形式是把助动词be放在主语前面，句尾加问号即可。 一般疑问句用升调，特殊疑问句用降调。在回答一般疑问句时，肯定回答用 “Yes, 主语加助动词be.”, 否定回答用 “No, 主语加助动词的否定形式。”例如：
“Are you watching TV now?”
“你在看电视吗？”
“Yes, I am.”
“是的，我在看电视。”
“What is he doing now?”
“他在做什么？”
“He is playing basketball.”
“他正在打篮球。”
现在进行时的一种特殊情况：
“ I am coming.”应理解为“我就来。”而不是“我正在来。”在英语中，某些动词如:
come, go, begin等动词的进行时可以表示现在正在进行的动作，也可以表示短期的将来。试比较：
The bus is coming now. 汽车来了。
He is coming soon. 他很快就来。
如果没有时间状语，类似 “Where are you going?” “ We are going to the cinema.” 这一对话在不同的情景中可能有不同的理解。如果在路上则可以理解为“你们去哪儿？”“我们正去电影院。”如果在家里，则可以理解为“你们要去哪儿？”“我们准备去电影院。”
2． wear 和put on
wear指“穿着”这一状态，put on指“穿上”这一动作。
She is wearing an old blouse today.
她今天穿着一件旧衬衫。
Put on yours shoes. Don’t take them off.
穿上你的鞋，不要把它们脱下来。
Wear还可以用来表示“戴着”非衣服类的其它东西，如：
He wears a new watch.
他戴着一块新表。
3. help的基本用法。
Help 作名词时一般为不可数名词，不能加s, 但有时可在前面用不定冠词a, 表示人或事物的作用。例如：
This book is a great help to me.
这本书对于我大有帮助。
Help可用作及物动词。例如：
Let me help you.
让我帮助你吧。
3． come和go
come 表示从远处走近，go表示从近处走远。
Come here, please. 请到这边来。
Don’t go there. 别去那边。
come and加上另一个动词就相当于come加这个动词的不定式形式。后面的那个动词实际上是前面那个动词的目的。动词go也是这样的情况。
Let’s go and play games.
让我们去做这个游戏吧。
4． Listen
Listen为不及物动词，接宾语时，要加入介词to。例如：
Listen to the teacher.
听老师讲。
5． Watch的两种用法。
Watch可作名词，是“手表”的意思。
I have a new watch.
我有一块新手表。
Watch可作动词，意思是“观看”、“注视”。
They are watching a football match on TV.
他们正在看电视中的一场足球比赛。
四． 练习
1．写出下列动词的ing形式。
think take
put have
sing fly
swim run
2. 翻译词组
（1）听老师讲
（2）看黑板
（3）关窗户
（4）看电视
（5）放风筝
3． 综合选择
(1) What the women over there?
A is, do B are, doing C is, doing D are, do
(2) My brother and I .
A is doing my homework B am doing his homework
C are doing our homework D are doing my homework
(3) We any Chinese class on Thursday. We English class now.
A aren’t having, are having B don’t have, have
C don’t have, are having D aren’t having, have
(4) The twins red skirts today. They look fine.
A are wearing B are putting on C are wear D put on
(5) Today is my birthday and my mother is a cake me.
A making, to B making, for C doing, to D doing, for
五． 答案
1．thinking taking
putting having
singing flying
swimming running
2. (1) listen to the teacher
(2) look at the blackboard
(3) close the window
(4) watch TV
(5) fly the kite
3. (1)B (2)C (3) C (4) A (5) B
(1) What are the women doing over there?
那些女士在那边干什么？
(2) My brother and I are doing our homework.
我哥哥和我正在做作业。
(3) We don’t have any Chinese class on Thursday. We are having English class now.
我们星期四没有中文课。现在我们正在上英语课。
(4) The twins are wearing red skirts today. They look fine.
双胞胎今天穿着红裙子。她们看起来很好。
(5) Today is my birthday and my mother is making a cake for me.
今天是我的生日，我妈妈正在为我做蛋糕。
篇4：高二英语第二十二单元A Tale of Two cities
科目 英语
年级 高二
文件 high2 unit22.1.doc
标题 A Tale of Two cities
章节 第二十二单元
关键词 高二英语第二十二单元
内容
一、教法建议
【 抛砖引玉 】
单元双基学习目标
Ⅰ. 词汇学习
servant ， let…in ， mad ， brave ， cruel ， have a test ， deed ， in public ， sentence…to death ， eager ， do a good deed ， tale ，revolutionary ，cart ，disturb， mental ，noble， tax， fortune ，arrival ，prisoner，mentally ，in peace，strength ，attend ，fall in love with ，make sure of ，suffer ，suffer from ，set fire to ，burn…to the ground， court，do wrong ，chemist
Ⅱ. 交际英语
1. You must have been…
2. She can\\'t have been…
3. She may have done…
4. You might have done…
Ⅲ. 语法学习
学习- ing 形式作定语和状语的用法
1 . - ing 形式做定语可以表示所修饰名词的性质特征。如：
an exciting news ( =a news which is exciting ) 一个令人激动的消息
a moving film ( =a film which is moving ) 一个令人感动影片
注意：a surprising look 一个令人吃惊的表情 a surprised look 一个吃惊的表情
- ing 形式作定语表示修饰名词的性质，特征； - ed 形式做定语表示所修饰名词的状态。
2 . - ing 形式做状语时通常表示主语正在进行另一个动作，来对谓语表示的主要动作加以修饰或做主要陪衬。这样用时 ( 1 ) - ing 形式表示的必须是主语的一个动作即 - ing 形式的动作发出者应是句子的主语。 ( 2 ) - ing 形式所表示的动作和谓语表示的动作同时发生。 ( 3 ) - ing 形式表示的是次要动作，对谓语表示的动作或状态加以说明。
1 ) - ing 形式在句中可以做伴随状语，常放于句后。 如：
They sat in front of the building , laughing and chatting .
He worked late yesterday , preparing for the lecture .
2 ) - ing 形式可以做时间状语，常放句首。如：
( When ) Walking in the street , I caught sight of a tailor\\'s shop .
( After ) Finishing my work , I went out .
3 ) - ing 形式可以做原因状语，常放句首。
如：Being ill , he can\\'t go to school .
Not knowing her address , we couldn\\'t get in touch with her .
【 指点迷津 】
promise , admit , let , allow
请看试题：
Mother never ________ my brother to go swimming in the river .
A . promised B . admitted C . let D . allowed
此题命得好。所给四个选项均有较强的相互干扰性，增加了试题的难度。其中 let 要求不带 to 的不定式作宾补，易排除。选项 promise , allow 均可用于“vt . + 宾语 + to do sth . ”句型中。如：I promised him to attend to the matter promptly . Allow me to introduce Mr . Zhang . 但是，promise 是较正式的书面用语。admit 不能用 admit sb . to do sth . 句型结构。admit 表示“接受”、“允许”、“让某人享有”之意，一般用于 admit of sth . 结构中。promise“允许”、“答应”，含有“保证” ( 许下诺言 ) 和“有 ( 良好的 ) 前途或希望”之意 ( 如：答应给买一辆自行车 ) 。allow 的意思侧重于“听任”或“默许”，也就是仅仅“不加阻止”。是口语化的说法。根据语境，上面试题的最佳答案应选D ( allowed ) 。
二、学海导航
【 学法指要 】
单元重点词汇点拨
1 . eager 用作形容词，意为“渴望的，殷切期盼的；热心的”。其副词形式为 eagerly , 名词形式为 eagerness。例如：
He was eager for success .
They are eager to see their daughter .
John was eager for us to come to the party .
We are eager that the project should be started early .
They listened to the lecture with eager attention .
2 . disturb 常用作及物动词，意为“妨碍，打扰 ( 睡眠、工作等 ) ；扰乱…，搞乱…；使 ( 人 ) 心神不宁”。例如：
The noise in the street disturbed my study .
Tell me if I\\'m disturbing you .
A light wind disturbed the smooth surface of the lake .
She was disturbed to near of her mother\\'s sudden illness .
3 . fortunate 用作形容词，意为“幸运的，运气好”，其名词形式为 fortune , 副词形式为 fortunately。fortunate 后通常跟 in doing sth , to do sth . 或 that 从句。例如：
She is fortunate in having a good husband .
I\\'m fortunate to have good health .
It was fortunate that he was saved by the passing boat .
Fortunately , they returned safely .
4 . suffer 既可用作及物动词，意为“遭受 ( 痛苦、损害等 ) ”；也可用作不及物动词，意为“受苦，苦恼，患病，遭受损害”。例如：
The city suffered serious damage from the earthquake .
They suffered a great deal in the war .
I\\'m pleased to know that you didn\\'t suffer much pain while you were ill .
His health suffered terribly from the heavy drinking .
suffer from 常用作短语，意为“苦于……；患……病”。例如：
The village is suffering from depopulation .
Last week I suffered a bad cold .
5 . doubt 既可用作名词，也可用作动词，意为“怀疑”。例如：
I have some doubt about his words .
There is no doubt of his success .
There is some doubt whether he is the best man for the job .
I have no doubt that he will pass the examination .
I doubt the truth of the news .
I doubt whether he will keep his work .
I don\\'t doubt that our team will win .
单元词组思维运用
1 . let in 意为“让……进来”。例如：
You must keep the door closed , don\\'t let the dog in .
Windows let in light and air .
Will you please let Mr Smith in by opening the door?
He has a key to the front door so he will be able to let himself in .
2 . in public 意为“公开地；公然地；当众地。”例如：
It\\'s bad manners to spit in public .
The little girl does not like to speak English in public .
Don\\'t make so much noise in public .
3 . sentence…to death 意为“将……判处死刑”。例如：
The murderer was sentenced to death last week .
The robber has been caught and was sentenced to three year\\'s imprisonment .
4 . take the place of 意为“代替；取代”，这一短语也可以用 take sb\\'s place 来代替。
I will take the place of your teacher .
Electric trains have now taken the place of steam ones in our country .
Mr John take your manager\\'s place .
Your manager is very ill , so Mr John is taking his place .
5 . keep silent 意为“保持沉默”。例如：
When the teacher questioned the students , some of whom kept silent .
Don\\'t keep silent when you are asked to answer the question .
6 . fall in love with ( =lose one\\'s heart to ) 意为“爱上”。例如：
The young man fell in love with the beautiful girl at first sight .
He fell in love with her when they worked together in the country .
He liked the girl but didn\\'t fall in love with her .
7 . make sure of + sth . / doing sth . 意为“将……弄确切；确保……”。
We should get there as early as possible in order to make sure of getting a ticket for the concert .
Will you make sure of his return?
make sure + that - clause 还可以作为一个句型掌握。如：
I haven\\'t made sure that I will win the match .
Please make sure that lights are turned off .
Will you make sure that he returned?
Make sure that you pick me up at five .
8 . set fire to sth . ( =set sth . on fire ) 意为“放火烧某物；使某物着火”。例如：
The enemy set fire to the village .
( =The enemy set the village on fire . )
单元难点疑点思路明晰
1 . The guards couldn\\'t have been watching very carefully . 卫兵不可能一直进行严密的监视。
〖 明晰 〗 ( 1 ) 对于现在事件的否定推断，可用 can\\'t 或 couldn\\'t 加上动词 be 的不定式一般式。如：
child：Can I have some sweets? I\\'m hungry . 我可以吃一点糖果吗?我饿了。
Mother：You can\\'t / couldn\\'t be hungry . You\\'ve just had dinner . 你不会饿的，你刚吃过饭。
( 2 ) 对于过去事件的否定推断，可以由 can\\'t / couldn\\'t + 任何动词的不定式完成式来表示。例如中“couldn\\'t + have been + v . - ing”是couldn\\'t + 不定式的完成进行式，表示“想必不可能一直在进行”的意思。例如：
It\\'s very late now . Jack can\\'t have been waiting at the bus stop .
All the lights were out . They couldn\\'t have been working in the factory .
She couldn\\'t have been writing . So far as I know , she has been ill since last month .
( 3 ) 在其它时态中的用法。例如：
Tom：A man answered the phone . I suppose it was her husband .
Ann：It couldn\\'t have been her husband . He\\'s been dead for ages .
Ann：Who brought the grand piano upstairs?
Mary：Perhaps it was Tom .
Ann：He can\\'t / couldn\\'t have dome it by himself .
2 . You must have been mad to speak to the servant! 你跟那个仆人讲话，准是发疯了!
〖 明晰 〗 ( 1 ) “must have + 过去分词”表示对过去情况比较肯定的推测，意为“准是”，“想必一定是”。又如：
She must have been very young when she got married .
The ground is wet . It must have rained last night .
He must have arrived by now .
Mary must have caught a cold . she had a high fever last night .
( 2 ) 对现在情况的推测，用“must + 动词不定式 ( 不带to ) ”，如：
Mary must catch a cold , she has a high fever .
This must be your room .
Comrade Li must be in the dormitory now .
You must be joking .
He must be seventy now .
3 . She understood what I was talking about , even though it was the first time we had spoken together . 即使这是我们第一次在一起讲话，她也懂得我同她谈的道理。
〖 明晰 〗 ( 1 ) 在下列表达方式之后，要用完成时：
it ( this , that ) is the first ( second , third , fourth… ) time…
it ( this , that ) is the only…
it ( this , that ) is t he finest ( worst , most interesting ) … 例如：
It was the first time that she had sung in public .
This is the first time ( that ) I\\'ve felt really relaxed for months .
This is the second time that I have met her .
This is the fourth time ( that ) I\\'ve heard her sing that song .
This is the only party ( that ) I\\'ve ever really enjoyed in my life .
It\\'s one of the most interesting books ( that ) I\\'ve ever read .
( 2 ) 现在时可以和 for the first time 连用。试比较：
This is the first time I\\'ve been here . 这是我头一次来这里。 ( 此句不能说… I\\'m here . )
I\\'m here for the first time . 我是头一次来这里。
( 3 ) it is time + 动词不定式，这种句型表示“应该做某事了”。例如：
It\\'s time to go to school ( go to bed ) .
It\\'s time for you to get a bath . 你该洗个澡了。
4 . They had come from England , having heard the strange news that Dr Manette , Lucie\\'s father , was alive and was living in Paris . 他们从英国来因为听到一个奇怪的消息――露西的父亲曼奈特医生仍然活着，而且住在巴黎。
〖 明晰 〗 ( 1 ) having heard the strange news 是现在分词的完成式，作表示原因的状语，相当于一个状语从句 ( as they had heard the strange news ) 。在这个分词短语后面紧跟一个由 that 引导的同位语从句：that Dr Manette…in Paris .
( 2 ) 现在分词的完成式是“having + 过去分词”构成，它表示这动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，常用作状语，表示原因或时间。例如：
Having finished his work , he went home .
=After he had finished his work , he went home .
5 . Dr Manette , having been kept a prisoner in the Bastille , Paris\\'s most important prison , for many years , had recently been set free… 曼奈特医生曾被当作囚犯关在巴黎最重要的监狱巴士底狱多年，最近获释了……
〖 明晰 〗 ( 1 ) 这个句子的主语和谓语是：Dr Manette had recently been set free , 而 having been kept a prisoner…for many years 作状语，相当于一个表示时间的状语从句：after he had ben kept…for many years .
( 2 ) “having been kept…”是现在分词完成式的被动语态形式，它由“having been + 过去分词”构成，表示：已经被……”的意思，在句子中主要作状语，表示时间或原因。
Lucie Manette , having been told of the news , became excited and decided to start for France immediately . ( =After she had been told of the news , Lucie Manette became excited… ) 露西曼奈特得知这个消息之后，情绪很激动，决定立即起程去巴黎。 ( 作时间状语 )
Having been translated into many languages , his book soon became well known in the world . ( =As it has been translated into many languages , his book became… ) 他的书由于译成多种文字，很快就举世闻名了。 ( 作原因状语 )
6 . The poor of the cities and the peasants in the country , having lived such a hard life for so long . took up their guns and knives and began to kill the rich nobles . 城市贫民和乡村里的'农民由于长期以来过着非常艰苦的生活，拿起刀枪开始杀富有的贵族来了。
〖 明晰 〗 ( 1 ) the poor =poor people . 形容词前加一个定冠词 the，则表示一类人或一类东西。如：the rich ( 富人 ) ，the young ( 年轻人 ) ，the old ( 老年人 ) ，the blind ( 盲人 ) ，the new ( 新的东西 ) ，the ordinary ( 普通的东西 ) ，the unusual ( 不寻常的东西 ) 等。
( 2 ) having lived such a hard life for so long 是现在分词的完成式短语，作表示原因的状语，相当于一个状语从句：as they had lied such a hard life for so long .
句中的 lived 作“度过，过着”解，life 是它的同源宾语。在英语中有些不及物动词如 live , die , sleep , smile , dream , fight , laugh 等后面可有一个意义与它相同的宾语，这样的宾语叫做同源宾语。又如：
We are now living a happy life . =We are living happily .
He lived the rest of his life in the United States .
He died a heroic death in the battle .
The baby slept a good sleep .
The little girl smiled a sweet smile .
I dreamed a beautiful dream last night .
At this we laughed a hearty laugh .
She sang a nice song .
7 . On reading it , he found that a servant of the family in France had been put in prison , through no fault of his own . 读完信后，他得知他法国家中的一名仆人本人没有任何罪过被关进了监 狱。
〖 明晰 〗 ( 1 ) on reading it =As soon as he read the letter . 介词 on 作“在……时，在……之后”解。相当于一个月 as soon as 引导的表示时间的状语从句。强调这一动作一发生，另一动作立即发生。例如：
On hearing the news . he burst out crying .
=As soon as he heard the news . he burst out crying .
( 2 ) on 作此义解时，后面还可跟名词。如：
However , on his arrival in Paris , he was recognized as a noble and thrown into prison . 然而，当他一到巴黎就立即被人认出是贵族，因而被投入监狱。
其中 on his arrival in Paris =on arriving in Paris =as soon as he arrived in Paris .
On his return from Beijing . he began his research work .
8 . Although Lucie married Charles , Sydney promised her that he would always do anything he could for her to make sure of her happiness . 虽然露西嫁经他查尔斯，但是悉尼还是向露西许诺，说为了确保她生活幸福，他愿意为她做一切可能做的事。
〖 明晰 〗 ( 1 ) 这是一个复合句，主句是 Sydney promised her , 后跟由 that 引起的宾语从句：he would always do anything he could for her to make sure of her happiness . 其中插入了一个省略了关系代词 that 的定语从句： ( that ) he could ( do ) , 修饰先行词 anything。
( 2 ) 句首是由 although 引起的让步状语从句。
( 3 ) 不定式短语“to make sure of her happiness”在句中作目的状语，修饰谓语“would always do anything”。
【 妙文赏析 】
老板问盘子干嘛 ?
When a Korean woman who lives in the United States arrived at work one morning , her boss asked her , “Did you get a plate ? ”“No… , ”she answered , wondering what in the world he meant . She worked in an office . Why did the boss ask her about a plate ? All day she wondered about her boss\\'s strange question , but she was too embarrassed to ask him about it . At five o\\'clock , when she was getting ready to go home , her boss said , “Please be on time tomorrow . You were 15 minutes late this morning . ”“Sorry , ”she said . “My car wouldn\\'t start , and…”Suddenly she said . “My car wouldn\\'t start , and…”Suddenly she stopped talking and began to smile . Now she understood . Her boss hadn\\'t asked her “Did you get a plate ? ”He had asked her , “Did you get up late ? ”
【 思维体操 】
Use Your Head
A man wants to take a dog , a hen and some rice across a river . But there is only one boat and he can only take one at a time . If he leaves the hen with the rice only , the hen will eat the rice；if he leaves the dog with the hen only , the dog will hurt the hen . He thinks it over and an idea comes to his mind .
Do you know how the man manages to take them all across the river without the hen\\'s eating the rice and the dog\\'s hurting the hen?
答案：He takes the hen over first , leaves it there , returns and takes the rice . He leaves the rice and brings the hen back with him . He leaves the hen and takes the dog . Then he leaves the dog and returns for the hen .
三、智能显示
【 心中有数 】
单元语法发散思维
非谓语动词的逻辑主语与测试热点
动名词、分词、不定式由于句意或语法的需要，要带上自身的逻辑主语 (也称作复合结构) ，它们依据在句中所起的不同作用需要不同的形式，在测试中极易混淆，下面是考试的热点：
※ 动名词的逻辑主语
1. I would appreciate ____ back this afternoon .
A . you to call B . you call C . your calling D . you\\'re calling
2. Do you mind ____ alone at home ?
A . Jane leaving B . Jane having left C . Jane\\'s being left D . Jane to be left
3. How about the two of us ____ a walk down the garden ?
A . to take B . take C . taking D . to be taking
4. I can\\'t understand ____ at that poor child .
A. you to laugh B. you laugh C. why laugh D. you laughing
［分析］答案依次为C、C、C、D。
〖思维一〗动名词的逻辑主语有两种形式：
1 . 动名词及其逻辑主语在句中一同作主语时，只能用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格，不可用宾格或普通格。如：
My (Tom\\'s) being late made the teacher angry . (作主语不可用 me 或 Tom)
His (Smith\\'s) being elected manager surprised us a lot . (作主语不可用 him 或 Smith)
2 . 动名词及其逻辑主语在句中一同作宾语时，动名词的逻辑主语除用物主代词和名词所有格外，还可用代词宾格或名词普通格。如：
The teacher is angry at my (Tom\\'s ) being late . (作宾语可用 me 或 Tom)
Would you mind my (my sister\\'s) turning up the radio a little ? (作宾语可用me 或 my sister)
※ 不定式的逻辑主语
That\\'s really kind ____ .
A . of you to say so B . for you to say so C . of you saying D . for you saying so
We think it dangerous ____ swimming alone in the river .
A . of him to go B . of him going C . for him to go D . for him going
［分析］答案依次为A、C。不定式的逻辑主语有两种形式：
〖思维二〗1 . 大多数情况下不定式的逻辑主语由“形容词 + for sb . to do”构成。如：
It is necessary for us to learn a second foreign language .
Abraham Lincoln thought it not right for the South to break away from the Union .
2 . 如果逻辑主语前面是表示人的性格特征的形容词如 kind、friendly、clever、wise、cruel、foolish、stupid 等时用“形容词 + of sb . to do”结构。如：
It\\'s foolish of him to lend so much money to her .
It\\'s kind of you to have given us so much help .
上述两种结构可用下列方法区分：可改成“sb . + be to do”意义成立时用“of sb . to do sth . ”，改成“sb . + be to do”意义不通时用“for sb . to do。”如上例中可改为：
He is foolish to lend her so much money . (成立)
We are necessary to learn a second foreign language . (不成立)
※ 分词的逻辑主语(独立主格结构)
The meeting ____ over , we all left the room and drove home .
A . is B . to be C . being D . would be
Lit by countless lights , ____ .
A . We find the hall very beautiful B . many of the people admire the hall
C . the hall is as bright as the day D . children entered the hall
____ , they will go and visit the zoo .
A . Weather permitting B . Weather permitted
C . Weather being permitted D . Weather having permitted
［分析］答案依次为C、C、A。
〖思维三〗分词的逻辑主语(独立主格结构) 有三种主要形式：
1 . 当主句主语不是分词的逻辑主语时，分词短语必须有自己的逻辑主语。如：
Tom being late , the teacher got angry .
(the teacher 不是 being 的逻辑主语，故分词短语 being late 要有自己的逻辑主语)
The signal given , we started the car .
注意一：动名词的复合结构作主语时，逻辑主语不能用名词的普通格或代词的主格，分词的复合结构不能用所有格。试对比：
Rose\\'s failing in the exam surprised every one of us . (不可改为 Rose)
Rose failing in the exam , every one of us was surprised . (不可改为 Rose\\'s)
He playing tricks on the child , the child got angry . (不可改为 his)
His playing tricks on the child made the child angry . (不可改为 him)
注意二：如果主句的主语也是分词短语的逻辑主语，该分词短语不得再带任何主语，如：
Seeing his parents , the boy couldn\\'t help crying .
Swept by the students , the hall looks wider and bigger .
2 . with 构成的复合结构
The murderer was brought in , with his hands ____ behind his back .
A . being tied B . having tied C . to be tied D . tied
［分析］答案为D。
with 构成的复合结构，逻辑主语后可有下列形式：
with + 宾语 + 现在分词 (现在分词表主动)
In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person .
with + 宾语 + 过去分词 (过去分词表被动)
He sat there with his eyes fixed on the blackboard .
with + 宾语 + 不定式 (表将要发生的动作)
I can\\'t work with you to turn on the radio .
【 动手动脑 】
单元能力立体检测
请填入适当的冠词：
1 . I learned the news of Mr Rabin\\'s death on ______ radio , not on ______ TV .
2 . The little girl went into the kitchen with _____ knife and _____ fork .
3 . Would you please go to _____ cinema with me?
4 . The camera was made in _____ United States of America .
5 . I\\'m tired of city life . I\\'ll go to _____ country for a few days .
6 . US Secretary of State Warren Christopher will travel to _____ Middle East next Monday .
7 . _____ Hague ( 海牙 ) is the capital of _____ Netherlands .
8 . Let me buy you _____ drink .
9 . Do you know who invented _____ electric light?
10 . We must try our best to be useful to _____ society .
11 . She loves _____ music of the seventeenth century .
12 . I love _____ music and _____ photography .
13 . He was elected as _____ President of France in 1995 .
14 . Charlie Chaplin wanted to be _____ tragedy actor but he became _____ comedy actor instead .
15 . What _____ nice weather it is today!
答案及简析：
1 . the , ×：在 radio 前应用定冠词 the，但在 TV 前则不用冠词。 2 . ×，×：当介词引导或连词连接两个对称结构时，此结构名称前都不用冠词，如 day after day、arm in arm、from top to bottom、with hat and coat。 3 . the：习惯上在 cinema , theatre 前要用 the。 4 . the：国名前一般不用冠词，如 in China，但当国名中含有普通名词时要用 the，题中 states 为普通名词，又如 the People\\'s Republic of China。 5 . the：在 country ( 乡村 ) 、seaside ( 海滨 ) 、mountains ( 山区 ) 等前习惯上用 the。 6 . the：在某些地名前用 the，如：the Atlantic、the Sahara ( 撒哈拉沙漠 ) 、the Holiday Inn ( 假日饭店 ) 等。 7 . The , the：这是一个非常特殊的情况，与4不同，荷兰国名及首都名前要用 the。 8 . a : 用 a 表示泛指。a drink 表示一杯饮料。 9 . the：用 the 将 electric light 具体化，在谈论科技项目时常用 the 又如：Is it Ford that invented the car? 10 . ×：当 society 含义为“我们生活的这个社会”时，其前不用冠词。 11 . the：因为原句特指17世纪音乐，故须用定冠词 the。 12 . ×，×：这里泛指 music、photography。 13 . ×：独一无二的职务名称前一般不用任何冠词，又如：John was elected monitor of our class。He\\'s president of Beijing University . 但此规则只适用于职务名称作补语的情况，若其作主语则不然，例：The President of the USA , Bill Clinton visited New York yesterday . 14 . a , a：在表示职业的名称前不能省去冠词 ( 与 B 比较 ) 。 15 . ×：what 引导的感叹句中如为可数名词，不能省略不定冠词，如：What a beautiful girl!但此句中 weather 为不可数名词，其前不能用不定冠词。
【 创新园地 】
请你根据下面所提供的内容，为墙报写一篇题为“My Devoted ( 忠实的 ) Friend―Books”的稿件。字数：110左右。
1 . 我五岁时，父母亲给我买了很多图画书。
2 . 书激起了我对一切的兴趣，我与书交了朋友。
3 . 书使我懂得了很多，它告诉我什么是好，什么是坏；它教我如何与别人很好相处。
4 . 当我学习落后感到失望时，它使我充满信心 ( confidence ) 。
5 . 总而言之，书使愚蠢的人聪明，使胆小的 ( coward ) 人勇敢，使聪明的人更聪明。
请同学们把你写好的答案反馈给我们。
My Devoted Friend―Books
When I was a boy of five , my parents bought me a lot of picture - books . The moving stories aroused my great interest in the world around us . From then on I began to make friends with good books .
As time went on , I came to know a lot of things . It is the books that teach me how to get on well with others . And it is the books that tell me it is good to love others and it is bad for one to think only of oneself .
I once fell behind in my studies and felt disappointed . Again it was the books that gave me courage and confidence .
In a word , books make a foolish bright , a coward man brave and a bright man wiser .
【 同步题库 】
一、单项选择
1 . They lived _____ .
A . happy B . happy life C . a happy life D . happy lives
2 . You\\'d better _____ early at the station _____ getting a ticket .
A . arrive ; to make sure of B . to arrive ; make us
C . get ; to be sure of D . reach ; to be sure about
3 . All the beauty _____ loved by people , whether _____ or _____ .
A . are ; old ; young B . is ; the old ; young
C . is ; old ; young D . have been ; the old , the young
4 . They got home ______ last night , _____ , early this morning .
A . lately ; or B . late ; or rather
C . lately ; otherwise D . late ; however
5 . _____ the sound of the gun , the first runner ______ from their ______ points .
A . On ; began ; start B . Though ; ran ; started
C . At ; shot ; starting D . With , started ; beginning
6 . It\\'s very cold today . His nose ______ red ______ cold .
A . turns ; with B . becomes ; on C . gets ; at D . makes ; through
7 . ______ morning exercises will do good _____ your health .
A . To do ; for B . Do ; to C . Doing ; for D . Doing ; to
8 . Fortunately he was not ______ , _____ his leg _____ in the terrible accident .
A . hurt ; and ; broken B . killed ; but had ; injured
C . killed ; or had ; hurting D . hurt ; but had ; injuring
9 . Have the _____ sticks _____ while they are sleeping , or they _____ here .
A . lighted ; burning ; will feel cold
B . lit ; burned ; will feel very cold
C . burned ; lighting ; will have cold
D . lighting ; burning ; will catch cold
10 . Doctors _____ him _____ any more _____ he had to give up _____ his illness .
A . advised ; not to smoke ; and ; smoking because of
B . persuaded ; not to smoke ; and ; smoking because of
C . tried to persuade ; not smoke ; but ; treating
D . persuaded ; don\\'t smoke ; but ; getting rid of
11 . The boy , _____ by the noble , died a few days ______ .
A . having been wounded ; late B . wounding ; late
C . wounded ; later D . being wounded ; after
12 . Even during the Spring Festival , she _____ her new book .
A . was kept busy working at B . kept busy working for
C . kept working for D . worked at
13 . After _____ the whole affair , he _____ prison .
A . writing down ; was put in the B . disclosing ; was put in
C . described ; was thrown into D . giving an account of ; was sent to the
14 . _____ by the police , the prisoner did not escape _____ .
A . To be surrounded ; to be caught B . Surrounding ; to run away
C . Being surrounding ; being run away D . Surrounded ; being caught
15 . “I wonder whether you would mind _____ me a favour” .
“_______ . ”
A . to do ; Yes , of course B . doing ; Not at all
C . to do ; Yes , I\\'m glad to D . doing ; No , I\\'m sorry I can
二、完形填空
Charles Dickens
Charles Dickens was ( 1 ) of the greatest writers of England . He was born ( 2 ) the 7th of February , 1812 . His father was a clerk in the city ( 3 ) Portsmouth . There Charles first went to school .
In 1812 the family ( 4 ) to London , where his father ( 5 ) and was put in ( 6 ) . The whole family went to live there . For many years the ( 7 ) building of the prison was the family\\'s home . When Charles was only ten years old , he ( 8 ) school and began a lonely and hard struggle with poverty . In order to ( 9 ) the family he ( 10 ) at a factory . He worked from early morning ( 11 ) late at night . He was so unhappy there ( 12 ) years latter he could never speak of the time spent at the factory without pain .
Many years ( 13 ) before Charles returned to school . When he graduated , he became a reporter of ( 14 ) newspaper in London . The work of a reporter led him to ( 15 ) . In 1836 , when only ( 16 ) of age , Charles Dickens wrote his first book , which made him known ( 17 ) in England and in some other countries . From that time ( 18 ) Charles Dickens devoted himself to literature . Among his best known books ( 19 ) “Hard Times” , “David Copperfield”and “Donbey and Son” , all reflecting and criticizing his age . ( 20 ) a deep sympathy for the labouring people of his time , he wrote about them in ( 21 ) of his books , about their misfortunes and their longings for a better ( 22 ) . He also gave us a true picture of the unhappy life of the children in the ( 23 ) . It is this criticism of the vices ( 罪恶 ) of the capitalist system ( 24 ) makes his books so important although he did not call for active struggle ( 25 ) the ruling class .
1 . A . the B . a C . one D . an
2 . A . on B . in C . at D . by
3 . A . in B . with C . between D . of
4 . A . flew B . moved C . travelled D . arrived
5 . A . ran off debt B . ran into debt C . ran for debt D . ran in the debt
6 . A . a prison B . the prison C . prison D . hotel
7 . A . dark B . bright C . white D . black
8 . A . had left B . had left for C . had to leave D . had been left
9 . A . leave B . break away from C . not live in D . help
10 . A . went working B . went to work C . went with work D . went on working
11 . A . till B . to C . towards D . toward
12 . A . when B . which C . what D . that
13 . A . past B . pasted C . passed D . passing
14 . A . the B . a C . an D . one
15 . A . live in his office B . write articles for the newspaper
C . story C writing D . be a rich man
16 . A . twenty - four years B . twenty - four - years
C . twenty - four year D . twenty four year
17 . A . either B . all C . neither D . both
18 . A . of B . in C . on D . by
19 . A . were B . was C . are D . is
20 . A . having B . having been C . has being D . has been
21 . A . little B . few C . much D . many
22 . A . lives B . life C . leave D . live
23 . A . work shop B . workship C . workhouse D . housework
24 . A . that B . which C . what D . who
25 . A . to B . without C . with D . against
三、阅读理解
Why Did the Bastille Fall?
Why did the fall of the Bastille lead to the surrender of the Monarchy ( 君主政权 ) and the victory of the French Revolution? The fall of the Bastille was brought about because the soldiers guarding it refused to fight the people . Three weeks before two companies of the Garde Francaise had refused to go on duty . Four days later , other soldiers joined the citizens , saying they would never fight the people of Paris . And seventy - five members of the Swiss Guard went over to Revolution just before the Bastille was destroyed .
So de Launay surrendered because his men inside refused to fight . He knew he would get no help from the army outside . So the Bastille fell because te army in Paris joined the citizens , and not because of the bravery of the attackers . Its fall showed the people that the army was with them . From the day it fell , the Monarchy had no choice but to give in .
1 . The Bastille fell because _____ .
A . of the bravery of the attackers B . the army would not help de Launay
C . the soldiers guarding it refused to fight D . the officials gave up
2 . The Monarchy was destroyed _____ .
A . because the Bastille fell
B . because people fought against it
C . without the help from its army both inside and outside
D . because de Launay surrendered
3 . The story mainly explains _____ .
A . how the army took action B . why the French Revolution won
C . how de Launay gave up D . why the Bastille fell
4 . The following sentences tell how the Bastille fell . Which is the right order of the events?
a . Some of the Swixx Guard members changed their stands and took the side of the Revolution .
b . Two companies of soldiers were not willing to be on watch .
c . De Lanuay had to surrender .
d . Other soldiers stood with the citizens .
e . The soldiers guarding it refused to fight the people .
A . d - c - a - e - b B . e - b - d - a - c
C . e - d - a - c - b D . b - d - c - a - f
5 . What\\'s the writer\\'s attitude ( 态度 ) towards the problem?
A . He was against the people . B . He was on the side of the people .
C . He did not care for the matter . D . He sided with de Launay .
四、补全对话
M : You don\\'t look happy , Cathy . ( 1 ) ?
C : I didn\\'t do well in the chemistry test .
M : Really? I could hardly believe you were not doing well in chemistry . I know ( 2 ) . What happened this time?
C : ( 3 ) . I found all the questions quite easy and I finished the test in no time .
M : Yes . It is one of your weaknesses .
C : Yes . ( 4 ) . I made some very stupid mistakes that I shouldn\\'t have made .
M : Well , next time ( 5 ) .
C : Yes , I\\'ve certainly learned a lesson .
A . You are very good at chemistry
B . What\\'s wrong
C . I was too careless
D . you should be more careful
E . you\\'re right
F . I feel angry at it
G . I don\\'t know
五、单词拼写
1 . One day the man got into the _____ ( 城堡 ) in a farmer\\'s cart .
2 . This story is about what a _______ ( 革命者 ) did in 1789 .
3 . The old man lived in a poor d ______ in Paris .
4 . Word came that Dr Manette was still a _____ and was living in Paris .
5 . _____ ( 奇怪地 ) , they looked as if they were twins , for they looked so much like each other .
6 . The peasants had to pay heavy t _____ and suffered a great deal from hunger .
7 . What did Dr Manette d _____ in his letter which had been hidden behind a stone in the prison?
8 . He was a sick man , m _____ and physically .
9 . I had thought Mary would be ______ ( 失望 ) , but fortunately she seemed not to mind .
10 . The police are trying to find out the cause of the ______ ( 死 ) of the young man .
答案：一、1―5 C A C B C 6―10 A D B A B 11―15 C A B D B 二、1―5 C A D B B 6―10 C D C B B 11―15 A D C B C 16―20 A D C C A 21―25 D B C A D 三、1―5 C A D C B B 四、1―5 B A C E D 五、1 . castle 2 . revolutionary 3 . district 4 . alive 5 . strangely 6 . taxes 7 . describe 8 . mentally 9 . disappointed 10 . death
篇5：初二英语第二十二单元What a good, kind girl?
内容
教学目标
一、词汇与短语：
(1) go along沿着…一直走 (2) traffic lights交通灯
(3) on one’s way to… 在某人去…的路上 (4) at the side of the road在路边
(5) be ill in hospital生病住院 (6) inside pocket里面的口袋
(7) maybe可能，或许 (8) at the end of在…尽头
(9) catch a bus赶汽车 (10) look around环顾四周
二、交际用语：问路与指路。
三、语法，情态动词may的用法。
教学重点与难点
A. 语法：情态动词的用法。
1. may表示“可以”，即表示说话人同意，许可或请求对方许可。
eg. a)你可以走了。
You may go.
b)我可以进来吗？是的，你可以。（不可以）
May I come in? Yes, please!
No, you can’t. ( Please don’t )
2. may表示（现在和将来）“可能”，“或许”。
eg. a) He may come to the party tomorrow evening.
他明天晚上可能会来参加晚会。
* may not: 表示“可能不”。
ag. a) He may not be correct. 他也许不对。
3.在请求或提建议时，可用 May I…? 这样的语气比较客气。
eg. a) May I help you? 要我帮忙吗？
b) May I borrow your pen? 我可以借用一下你的钢笔吗？
B.重点难点解释：
1. Which is the may to East park? 去东方公园的路怎么走？
1) east Park前不加定冠词。
注：由普通名词构成的表示公园名称的词前面不加定冠词。
2)但一般情况下，由普通名词或形容词构成的专有名词前，一般要加定冠词。
eg. a) the United Nations联合国
b) the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国
2.(An old woman is standing at the side of the road… but she stops. )（一个老妇人还站在那边…，但是她停了下来。）
在剧本中。
3. Oh Dear! What shall I do? 天呀！我该怎么办。
1) dear感叹词，表示惊愕、困惑、同情等。
女性常用。
Dear me! = Oh, dear! 天哪！妈呀！
2) Shall即可做情态动词，也可做助动词。
①情态动词，表示决心，警告、命令、允诺，征求意见等。
②助动词：将、要。主要为第一人称。
eg. a) I shall hever forget you. 我永远也不会忘记你。
b) You shall do as I say. 你要照我说的去做。
c) Shall we start now? 我们现在就开始吗？
d) I shall be twenty on Saturday. 到周六我就二十岁了。
4. Maybe you put it there. 你也许把它放在那了。
1) maybe是副词，注意它与情态动词may加be的区别。
2) maybe =perhaps =probably
Maybe the book is there. 也许那本书在那
=The book may be there.
5. He’s ill in hospital. 他生病住院。
介词短语in hospital中，hospital前不加the，表示抽象概念“生病住院”。
同样，像school, bed等地点名词，前面不加the，都表示抽象概念。
Mother is ill in bed母亲卧病在床。
6. It’ll take you about half an hour.到医院要花费你约半小时时间。
1)这是一个省略句，完整的说法应该是：It’ll take you about half an hour to reach the hospital.
2)在“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”句型结构中，it是形式主语，真正主语是后面的动词不定式短语“to do sth.”意为“某人花费一段时间做某事”。这个结构可以有时态的变化。
eg. It take them two months to finish the work.
他们花了两个月的时间完成了这项工作。
7. Ah, so it is. 真是的。（确实是这样）表示赞同前面的说法。
8. until
作为介词
1)（表示动作、状态的继续）（一直）……为止
2)（用于否定句）到……为止，直到……才（常与表瞬间性动作的动词连用）。
eg. a) I waited until three O’clock, but be didn’t come. 我一直等到3点，但他没来。
b) The noise of the street didn’t stop until midnight. 街上的噪音一直到午夜才停止。
作为连词
1）（用于否定句）直到……才
2）（表示动作、状态的继续）直到（另一动作或状态出现）之前。
eg. The children won’t come home until it is dark. 孩子们不到黑天不回家。
He lived in his house until Mr. Black come back.
他直到布莱克先生回来之前都住在这房子里。
9. on one’s way“在某人去…路上”常可以有以下三种变形
1) on one’s way to + 地点名词
2) on one’s way +地点副词
3) on one’s way +动词不定式
eg. On his way to school, he saw an old man. 在上学的路上，他看到一位老人。
On his way home be bought a book. 他买了一本书。
We find a post office on our way to shopping.
在去买东西的路上，我们发现了一个邮局。
10. end的用法
1) end n.端、终点，最后；v.完毕，终止。
eg. a) Go to the end of the road and turn left.
请走到这条路的尽头，然后左转（n.）
b) Please wait until the end of this month.
请等到本月底。（n.）
c) The plan ended at ten o’clock.
戏演到10点才结束。（v.）
d) How do you want to end the story?
你想怎样结束这个故事？
2)短语
a) come to an end 结束，告终。
eg. The meeting came to an end at midnight.
那次会议进行到深夜才结束。
b) in the end最后，终于
eg. He studied hard and in the end he got a gook mark.
他努力学习，最终取得好成绩。
c) at end of … 在…末（指年、月、日世纪等时间点）
eg. at the end of this month在本月底
d) by the end of … 不迟于…，强调“最后时限”，其中by =not later than。
eg. We’ll have learned words by end of this term.
到这学期末为止我已学了2000个单词。
3) in the end与同义词at last, finally的区别
a) finally (adv.)一般指一系列事物或论点的顺序的最后一项内容，用在动词前，表示等了好久才……，无感情色彩。
eg. Finally, let’s do some exercise. 最后让我们做些练习吧。
b) at last往往表示经过一番努力或曲折的过程之后的“最后”的意思，有较浓的感情色彩。
eg. At last I reached the top of the mountain. 最后我到达了山的顶峰。
c) in the end表示经过许多变化或周折，“最后”发生了。
eg. In the end he decided to leave. 最后他决定离开。
11. take的意义
1)牵（握）手
2)吃，喝
3)花费
4)做（行为或动作）
5)乘、搭（交通工具）
6)拍，摄（相片）
7)（顾客在商店）选取，选买
8)带去，拿去（反义词：bring）
eg. a) She took my hand. 她牵着我的手。
b) Take this medicine after each meal. 每餐后服用此药。
c) How long will it take you to finish the work? 你要花多少时间才能完成那项工作。
d) I take a walk every morning. 我每天早晨散步。
e) He took a bus there. 他乘车去那。
f) I took a picture of the baby. 我给那婴儿拍了张照片。
g) I’ll take this one. 我买这个。
h) I’ll take him to the zoo. 我将带他去动物园。
12.关于side的短语
1) side by side 并肩地
2) on the other side of在……另一边
3) at the side of… 在……的旁边，侧面
4) the right / wrong side of (the cloth) (布的)正/反面。
5) by one’s side在…身旁
6) side entrance 侧面入口
side job副业
side horse（体操）鞍马
eg. a) They walked side by side. 他们肩并肩地走
b) His house is on the other side of the river. 他的房子在河的另一边。
c) The garage is at the side of the house. 车库在房子旁边。
d) I sat by his side. 我在他身边坐下。
13.英语里征求对方意见。问“怎么样”的说法很多，常见的有以下几组。
1) What (How ) about …?
用以征求意见询问消息，提出建议。
2) What do you think of …?
用以询问对某事的看法，见解及观点！
3) How do you like …?
用以询问对某事的感觉如何，即喜欢不喜欢？
eg. a) What about going out for walk?
出去散散步怎么样？
b) How about Jim now? 吉姆现在怎样了？
c) What do you think of this book?
你认为这本书怎么样？
d) How do you like his house.
你看他的房子怎么样？
14.连词because的用法
1) 连词because连接句子是原因状语从句。注意：若从句放在前面，其后应用逗号隔开主句；若主句在前，中间的逗号可有可无。
eg. a) I like Tome because he is kind.
=Because Tom is kind, I like him.
我喜欢汤姆，因为他和善。
b) I didn’t go, because I was tired. 因为疲惫，所以我没去。
注意：中文里“因为…所以…”总是关联使用，而英语中只能单独使用，所以becouse引导的原因状语从句中不能出现so（所以）。
2.操练（翻译下例句子）
1)他昨天没来，因他病了。
He didn’t come yesterday because he was ill.
2)昨天他呆在家里，因为他要照顾妹妹。
He stay at home yesterday because he had to look after him sister.
3)因为他起晚了，所以上课迟到了。
Because he got up late, he was late for class.
4)因为下雨了，所以最后我们呆在家里。
We’d better stay at home because it’s raining.
5)我现在想回空，因为我饿了。
I want to go home now because I’m hungry.
口语交际用语
1. Asking the way（问路）：
1) Where’s the（nerest）… Please?
请问，（最近的）…在哪里？
2) Which is the way to … Please?
请问，哪条是去…的路？
3) How can I got to …? 我怎样才能到…？
4) Do you know the way to …?
你知道去…的路吗？
5) Can you tell me the way to …?
你能告诉我去…的路吗？
6) Can you tell me how to get to …?
你能告诉我怎样才能到达…吗？
7) I want to go to … Do you know the way?
我想去…，你认识路吗？
8) I’m looking for …. Where is it, do you know?
我正在找…。它在哪，你知道吗？
9) I can’t find the way to …. Can you tell me?
我找不到去…的路了，你能告诉我吗？
2. Giving directions. (指路)
(1)回答：Where’s (the nearest)…?
a) It’s over there. 在那边
b) It’s next to the … 在…的旁边
c) It’s near the … 在…的附近
d) It’s outside the … 在…的外边
e) It’s behind the … 在…的后边
f) It’s in front of the … 在…的前面
g) It’s on the right / left of the … 在…的右/左边
h) It’s on the other side of the … 在…另一边
(2)回答：Which is the way to …?和How can I get to…?等问路的话时，须明确指出路径，可根据具体情况，综合使用下列句型。
a) Walk along this road / street. 沿着这条路/街一直走。
b) It’s about …metres from here. 离这大约有…米。
c) Take the first / … turning on the left / right. 在第一个路口向左/右拐。
d) Walk on and turn left / right. 继续向前走，然后向左/右转。
e) Turn left / right at the traffic lights.
You’ll find the … on the left / right.
在交通灯处向左/右转。你就会发现……在你的左/右边。
f) Go on until you reach the end of the road.
You’ll see the … in front of you.
一直走到路的尽头。你就会在你前面看到……
(3)问路时，如对方不知道，问路人仍要向其表示谢意。
eg. A. Excuse me. Is there a post office near here?
B. I’m sorry I don’t know.
A. Thank you all the same.
(4)地方名称归纳如下：
factory 工厂 farm 农场
school学校 hospital医院
park公园 cinema 电影院
office 办公室 zoo动物园
toilet 厕所 train station 火车站
police警察局 post office邮局
bus stop / station公共汽车站 bookshop 书店
fruit shop水果店 clothing shop服装店
shoes shop鞋店 watch shop表店
同步操练：
Ⅰ.语音：找出划线部分与其他单词发音不同的单词：（10%）
（ ）1. A. apple B. ago C. along D. asleep
（ ）2. A. rest B. well C. twelfth D. Peter
（ ）3. A. up B. bus C. busy D. must
（ ）4. A. day B. holiday C. Wednesday D. Monday
（ ）5. A. dry B. during C. drop D. draw
Ⅱ.词汇：根据句子内容，将所给词的适当形式填空（10%）
1. I don’t think it’s so (wonder).
2. The students worked that maths problem (easy).
3. Get up a little (early) tomorrow morning.
4. He doesn’t speak English as as she.(good).
5. It’s important to be kind and (help).
Ⅲ.单项选择：(20%)
1. You can to get to the zoo.
A. take a No.18 bus B. sit a No.18 bus
C. catch No.18 bus D. have a No.18 bus
2. They’re leaving for Shanghai.
A. on a ship B. by a ship C. by ship D. both A and C
3. The police station is about walk.
A. twenty minutes B. twenty minutes’
C. twenty minute’s D. twenty-minutes
4. I think Tom know Mr Hu.
A. may be B. maybe C. sure D. may
5. Who has broken the door the room?
A. of B. off C. on D. in
6. It’s very kind me with my English.
A. for you to help B. for you helping C. of you to help D. of you helping
7. Please silent (安静). The meeting will begin.
A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep
8. I don’t know .
A. to do it B. how to do C. what to do D. where to go
9. She her watch in her bedroom but she didn’t it.
A. looked for, found B. looked, find
C. looked, found out D. looked for, find
10. Please look my child when I am not at home.
A. for B. at C. after D. up
11. money and books do you want?
A. How many, how much B. How much, how much
C. How much, how many D. How many, How many
12. The cinema is just the end of the street.
A. by B. at C. in D. on
13. Jim sat there and looked .
A. worry B. worrying C. worries D. worried
14. Who is sitting Tom?
A. at head of B. in front of C. at back to D. in the front of
15. beautiful the park is!
A. What B. What a C. How D. How the
16. Let’s go skating together, ?
A. will you B. shall we C. do you D. do we
17. There are bottles of milk in fridge. You’d better buy some.
A. some B. few C. a little D. little
18. ! What are they talking about?
A. Listen B. listening C. Listen D. To listen
19. I will have taken tomorrow.
A. my photoes B. my photos C. me photos D. photo
20. Tom is tallest in our class.
A. the B. a C. one D. /
Ⅳ.补全对话：(10%)
A. (1) (2) shall we leave?
B. We’ll leave at nine.
A. (3) shall we meet?
B. We’ll meet outside the park.
A. (4) shall I say?
B. You may say what you like.
A. (5) shall we go?
B. By bus.
Ⅴ.句型转换：(20%)
1. They had a meeting yesterday afternoon. (改为一般疑问句)
they a meeting yesterday afternoon?
2. My uncle attended (参加) a meeting in Beijing in April.（划线提问）
uncle a meeting in Beijing?
3. You haven’t finished drawing a picture.（改为反意疑问句）
You haven’t finished drawing a picture, ?
4. He wanted some water.（改为否定句）
He want water.
Ⅵ.汉译英：（每空只限一词）（10%）
1. （继续往前走）and turn left.
2. Tom is .(在回家的路上)
3. Her husband is (生病住院了)
4. You’d better .(坐汽车去)
5. (出了什么事)，Granny?
Ⅶ.阅读理解：(10%)
Many people like to watch TV. Watching TV is one of the most activities (活动) of the day. TV brings the outside world closer to people’s homes. Some people say the world is smaller than before because of TV.
What’s going on in the other countries? How do people live in places for away? Is there a good sports game somewhere? What’s living in the deepest part of the sea?
If you want to answer these and other kinds of questions, just turn on the TV. Turn it on and watch. You can see a lot and learn a lot. Of course people can also learn through reading or listening to the radio. But with TV they can learn better and more easily. Why? Because they can hear and watch too.
TV helps to open our eyes. TV also helps to open our minds. TV often gives us new ideas. We learn newer and better ways of doing things.
1. Some people say the world is smaller than before because .
A. all people like to watch TV
B. many people have their own TV sets
C. watching TV is one of the most important activities of the day
D. TV brings the outside world closer to people
2. We can when we watch TV.
A. answer TV many questions
B. ask TV many questions
C. know what’s going on in the world
D. go and line in the other countries.
3. People learn better through TV than through radio because .
A. TV sets are more expensive than radio
B. people can watch and hear
C. it’s easier to buy a TV than a radio
D. People can’t know anything without TV
4. “TV also helps to open our minds” means .
A. we can learn more with TV
B. some thing is wrong with our minds
C. we are interested in TV
D. our mind can only he opened by TV
5. From the passage we know .
A. we should stop reading to watch TV only
B. it’s good to watch TV
C. it’s not good to watch TV
D. people shouldn’t watch TV
Ⅷ.完型填空：(10%)
There was an old who loved money very much. He never gave (1) to anybody. After some years he (2) rich.
One day he (3) near the river with his friends when he fell (4) the river. His friends ran to help him. One of them held out his hand and cried, “Give me your hand, and I’ll put you out!” The rich (5) head went under the water and then came up again, but he did not give his hand (6) his friend. Again (7) of the friends tried, but again the same thing happened.
Then another friend, Nasreddin, said, “Take my hand and I’ll pull you out!” The rich (8) his hand and Nasreddin pulled him (9) the water.
“You don’t know your friend well,” Nasreddin said to the others. “When you say give to him, he does nothing, but when you say take he (10) take.”
1.A. nothing B. anything C. something D. everything
2.A. became B. becomes C. is D. has been
3.A. walks B. was walking C. walked D. is walking
4.A. to B. inside C. down D. into
5.A. mans’ B. man’s C. man D. men’s
6.A. for B. with C. to D. at
7.A. the other B. others C. other D. another
8.A. taken B. taking C. took D. gave
9.A. out of B. out from C. away D. outside
10.A. often B. sometimes C. always D. never
Keys to the exercises:
Ⅰ.语音1. A 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. B
Ⅱ.词汇：1. wonderful 2. easily 3. earlier 4. well 5. helpful
Ⅲ.单项选择：1. C 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. A 8. C 9. D 10. C
11. C 12. B 13. D 14. B 15. C 16. B 17. B 18. A 19. B 20. A
Ⅳ.补全对话：1. What 2. time 3. Where 4. What 5. How
Ⅴ.句型转换：1. Did, have 2. When, did, your, attend 3. have, you 4. didn’t any
Ⅵ.汉译英：
1. Walk on 2. on his way home 3. ill in hospital 4. take / catch a bus
5. What’s the matter / What’s wrong
Ⅶ.阅读理解：
1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. B
Ⅷ.完型填空：
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. C 9. A 10. C
篇6：初一英语第二十二单元What are you doing ?
章节 第二十二单元
关键词
内容
一、教法建议
【 抛砖引玉 】
单元双基学习目标
Ⅰ. 语音学习
1 . 字母 y 发［j］、［ai］或［i］，字母组合 ay 发［ei］，ey 发［e］，oy 发［?i］。
2 . 句子的重音和语调
Ⅱ. 词汇学习
write , read , listen , listen to , clean , homework , do one's homework , help , now , watch , TV＝television , stand , talk , open , close , work , count , wear 。
Ⅲ. 语法学习
1 . 现在进行时态的肯定式与式。
2 . 现在进行时态的疑问式 ( 一般疑问句 ) 和简略答语。
3 . 动词 - ing 形式 ( 现在分词 ) 的构成。
Ⅳ. 交际英语
1 .- Could you come here , please ? I want some help .
-Certainly ! I'm coming now , Mum / Dad !
2 . Excuse me , Mr Green .
3 . Let's go and find them .
4 . I'm talking . You aren't talking .
5 . Are you playing football ?
6 . What are the men doing ?
They are working near the house .
7 . I can't find the twins .
We must find them .
【 指点迷津 】
单元重点词汇点拨
1 . write 写
Write your name and age on the paper , please . 请在纸上写上你的姓名和年龄。
He is writing numbers on a notebook . 他正在笔记本上写号码。
〖 点拨 〗注意 write 的过去式 wrote 。
2 . read 读，朗读
He likes reading children's books . 他喜欢看儿童读物。
〖 点拨 〗read 的过去式发音特殊 [ red ] , 与形容词read的发音一样。
3 . homework 家庭作业
He have a lot of homework to do . 我有许多作业要做。
I don't think today's homework is easy . 我想今天的作业不容易。
They are doing their homework at home . 他们正在家里做作业。
〖 点拨 〗homework 为不可数名词，没有复数形式。
4 . help 帮助，帮忙
Many thanks for your kind help . 谢谢你的帮助。
I want to get some help from you . 我想得到你的帮忙。
〖 点拨 〗help 作“帮助”解，不可数名词，作“有帮助的人或事”解时，可数。
This book is a great help to you . 这本书对你很有帮助。
5 . now 现在
Now it's your turn . 现在轮到你了。
6 . watch 观看，注视
They are watching the football game . 他们正在看足球赛。
〖 点拨 〗汉语中的“看”，在英语中有多种表达法，如：“看电视”译为 watch TV , “看球赛”，watch a ball game ; “看图片”，look at the picture ; “看电影”，see a film ; “看书”，read a book ; “看孩子”，look after the baby ；看报read a newspaper 。总之，要注意“看”字在特定的语言环境中的语义，还要注意英语中的习惯。
7 . TV = television 电视，电视机
There is a football match today . you can watch it on TV . 今天有一场足球赛，你可以在电视中看到。
〖 点拨 〗作“电视”解，不可数，作“电视机”解，可数。
8 . stand 站，立
You must stand up when the teacher comes in . 我们走进来时，你必须站起来。
〖 点拨 〗stand 的过去式是 stood 。stand up起立。
Stand up , please . 请起立 !
9 . talk 说话，谈话
They are talking in English . 他们正用英语交谈。
〖 点拨 〗talk about 谈论……。talk to sb对某人谈。talk with sb同某人交谈。
After work I talk to him about homework .
10 . open 打开
Open your book at page 87 . 把你的书翻到 87 面。
It's our mother . Open the door , please .
〖 点拨 〗open 还作形容词“开着的”。
Is the shop open at eight ?
11 . close 关，闭
Close your knife and put it into the pencil - box . 把刀子合起来，放进铅笔盒里去。
We are going to have a dictation . Close your books . 我们就要进行听写了，把书合起来。
Close the door , please . 请关门。
12 . wear 穿
She is wearing a green coat . 她穿着一件绿色的外衣。
Miss Gao wears skirt sometimes . 有时候，高小姐穿裙子。
〖 点拨 〗put on 是“穿上”、“戴上”，表示一时的动作；wear 是“穿、戴”，表示状态。be wearing 不是表示当时正在穿的动作，而是指在某一场合或某一时间穿戴的状态。wear 的过去式是wore , 过去分词是worn 。
单元词组思维运用
1 . listen to… 听……
We like to listen to the news . 我们喜欢听新闻。
They are listening to Radio Beijing . 他们正在听北京电台的广播。
Children should listen to their parents . 孩子应该听父母的话。
〖 提示 〗短语中 to 为介词，其后接名词。注意下面的句子表达：
Listen to her to speak .(错)
Listen to her speaking .(对)
2 . read a book 看书
She likes the children to read books in the readingroom . 她喜欢孩子们在阅览室里看书。
He is reading a very interesting book . 他正在读一本很有趣的书。
3 . drink tea 喝茶
The old man often goes to the teahouse to drink tea . 那位老大爷经常到茶馆里喝茶。
4. mend a clock 修理表
He is mending a clock at the desk . 他正在桌旁修钟表。
- Can you mend my clock ? It's broken . 你能代替我修这只钟吗 ? 钟坏了。
- Certainly . Get it after school .
5 . do one's homework 做作业
I have no time to do my homework . 我没时间做作业。
He hasn't done his homework . 他没做作业。
当表达要做很多作业时用do a lot of homework 。
6 . watch TV 看电视
You can watch TV after supper . 晚饭后你可看电视。
7 . up the tree 沿着树向上；在树顶
The cat is running up the tree . 那只猫正沿着树往上爬。
Don't climb up the tree ! 不要爬树。
They are up the tree . 他们就在树上头。
二、学海导航
【 学法指要 】
单元句型思路明晰
现在进行时表“正在……”
主语+be+现在分词
The students of Class Two are singing . 二班的学生正在唱歌。
She is putting on a yellow sweater . 她正在穿一件黄毛衣。
I am looking at the blackboard . 我正在看黑板。
注意动词的现在分词的变化。put - putting , cut (砍，割) - cutting , run - running 。
主语+be+not+现在分词
这是现在进行时的否定句式。如：
They aren't playing basketball . 他们不在打篮球。
She is not having breakfast . 她没在吃早饭。
Be+主语+现在分词+其他
这是现在进行时疑问句式。如：
Are you doing your homework now ? 你现在正在做作业吗 ?
Are you doing your homework now ? 你现在正做作业吗 ?
Is Lily coming tomorrow ? 莉莉明天会来吗 ?
〖 提示 〗此句型的否定回答为：Yes , 主语+be . 否定回答为：No . 主语+be not .
单元难点重点释疑
1 . stand
这个单词的意思是“站”，反义词是 sit，那么上课班长说“stand up ! ”和老师说“Sit down”，是怎么回事 ?
stand 和 sit 是两个表示可以延续的动作的词，人可以站一个小时，可以坐一个上午等等，但若想表示“起立”和“坐下”这两个瞬间发生的动作，则必须用动词词组 stand up 和 sit down 来表示。
2 . I'm listening to her . 我在听她说。
listen 是动词，意为“听”。如要表示“听某人 ( 说 ) ”，则要用 listen to + 某人，如用代词，要有宾格形式。例如：
The students are listening to their teacher in class . 学生们在课堂上听老师讲课。
Listen to me , please ! 请听我说。
3 . Could you come here , please ? I want some help . 请你上我这儿来，行吗 ? 我需要 ( 一些 ) 帮助。
( 1 ) 在日常交际中，当想要对方为你做某事，或想要对方允许你做某事时，可以用Could/Can… , please ? 句型 。could/can 的意思是“可以/行”，could 比 can 更委婉、客气。例如：
Could you give the watch to Mr Hu , please ? 请你把这块表给胡先生，行吗 ?
Could I have two bottles of orange , please ? 我要两瓶桔汁，行吗 ?
( 2 ) 肯定回答时，一般不说“Yes , …”而是说“Certainly”、“OK”等。否定回答时，说“Sorry …”。例如：
Could you come here , please ? 你可上这儿来吗 ?
Certainly . I'm coming now . 当然可以，我就来。
Could I have three bottles of milk , please ? 这可以要3瓶吗 ?
Sorry , there's only one . 对不起，只有1瓶了。
4 . She's doing her homework . 她正在做家庭作业。
do one's homework 意为“做家庭作业”。在 homework 前要用与句子主语相一致的形容词性物主代词。homework 是不可数名词，不能用复数形式。例如：
The twins are doing their homework now . 双胞胎正在做家庭作业。
5 . He's watching TV . 他正在看电视。
( 1 ) watch 用作动词时，意为“观看，注视”。“看电视”要说 watch TV , 不能用 look。
watch , look 和 see 都有“看”的含义，但用法不同。watch 意为“注视”、“观看”，在一段时间里集中注意力、留心观察。例如：
We like watching basketball match . 我们爱看篮球赛。
look 意为“看”，“望”，表示有意识的看，只强调动作。例如：
Look at the blackboard . 看黑板。
see 意为“看见”，表示看到了，强调结果。例如：
- What can you see in the picture ? 你在画中看到了什么 ?
- I can see some boats . 我看见一些小船。
Mike likes watching TV very much . 迈克非常喜欢看电视。
( 2 ) watch 用作名词时，意为“手表”。例如：
There is a watch on the floor . Whose is it ? 地上有块手表，是谁的 ?
Can you look after my watch , please ? 你照看一下我的表，行吗 ?
（3）is watching是现在进行时态“正看电视”。
6 . What are the cats doing ? 猫在干什么 ?
They're running up the tree . 它们在往树上爬。
run up 意为“向上跑”。在本句中应译为“向上爬”。如表示“向下跑”，则用 run down。
Look ! A car is running up the hill . 看，一辆小汽车正朝山上开去。
7 . Well , Lucy is wearing blue trousers and a blouse . 喔，露西穿着一件衬衫和兰裤子。
( 1 ) well 在这里是感叹词，意为“喔”“哦”。
( 2 ) wear 和 put on 都有“穿”、“戴”的意思，但它们是有区别的。
wear 表示状态，常译成“穿着”，“戴着”。
put on 表示动作，常译成“穿上”，“戴上”。
试比较：
She is wearing a white skirt . 她穿着一件白裙子。
Lucy , put on your shoes . Don't take them off . 露西，穿上鞋，别脱下来。
He always wears glasses . 他总是戴着眼镜。
Tom , put on more clothes . It's very cold outside . 汤姆，多穿上点衣服，外面很冷。
8 . No sweater ? = Isn't Lucy wearing sweater ? ( 露西 ) 没穿着运动衫吗 ?
no 是限定词，可用在单数 ( 可数和不可数 ) 名词和复数名词前面，它的意思和 not one 或 not any 一样。表示即使人们期望有，事实上却相反。例如：
I can't get there - there’s no bus . 我去不了那里，因为没有汽车。
9 . Right ! Let's go and find them . 对，咱们去找他们吧。
go and find = go to find 例如：
Let's go and see him . 也可以说 Let's go to see him . 咱们去看他吧。
Let's go and play the game . 或 Let's go to play the game . ( 让 ) 咱们去做游戏吧。
【 妙文赏析 】
A Difficult Question
Four girls went to school every day by taxi .
One day one of the girls said , “ There’s a test this morning . Let’s get to school late . Then we won’t have to take the test . ”
“ What can we tell the teacher ? ” one of the girls said . “ He’ll be angry , We’ll need a good excuse . ”
The girls thought for several moments , then one of them said , “ Let’s tell him that our taxi had a flat tire . ”
“ That’s a good idea , ” the other girls said . “ We’ll tell him that . ” They arrived at school an hour later . The test was finished .
“ Why are you late ? ” the teacher asked . “ You missed the test . ”
“ Our taxi had a flat tire , ” one of the girls said .
The teacher thought for a moment , then he said , “ Sit down , one of you in each corner of the room .”
The four girls did this .
Then the teacher said , “ Write on a piece of paper the answer to this question : Which tire was flat ? ”
注释：excuse 借口：理由。several几个。moment片刻；时刻。flat平的。tire 轮胎（英式拼法为 tyre ）。flat tire 轮胎漏气。miss 错过；失却。
【 思维体操 】
1 . What is always going but never gets anywhere ?
2 . Who can stop a truck with one hand ?
3 . It's now four twenty . Miss Jackson finished her book a quarter of an hour ago . At what time did she finish it ?
答案：1 . a clock／watch 2 . A policeman 3 . 4 : 04
三、智能显示
【 心中有数 】
单元语法发散思维
现在进行时
( 1 ) 表示说话时在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。例如：
He is watching TV now .
We are working on a farm these days .
( 2 ) 时态构成：助动词 be ( am / is / are ) +现在分词
( 3 ) 现在分词的构成：
1 ) 一般在动词原形末尾加 - ing . 例如：asking studying
2 ) 以不发音字母 e 结尾的动词，先去掉 e , 再加 - ing。例如：writing taking
3 ) 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这一字母，再加 - ing . 例如：getting sitting beginning running putting
( 4 ) 现在分词的发音
现在分词的标志是 - ing , 读作［iú］。当一个动词以字母 r 结尾，则 r 也要发音。
注意以下三个单词的现在分词形式的发音： sing - singing play - playing study ( 学习) - studying 。
( 5 ) 现在分词的肯定形式、否定形式、疑问形式及其回答，所有变化都体现在助动词 be ( is / am / are ) 上。
现在进行时的肯定形式：
I am working . They are writing .
现在进行时的否定形式：
I am not working . They aren't writing .
一般疑问句及回答：
Am I working ? Yes , you are . / No , you aren't .
Are they writing ? Yes , they are . / No , they aren't .
特殊疑问句及回答：
What are you doing ? We are working .
Where is he playing basketball ?
He is playing basketball on the playground .
( 6 ) 不是所有动词都能用现在进行时态的，如：see、like、want、know 等动词往往都不用进行时态。
【 动手动脑 】
单元能力立体检测
一、词形转换 ( 根据括号内要求写出单词 ) 。
1 . write ( 同音词 ) ___________ 2 . watch ( 主语第三人称单数 ) ___________
3 . open ( 反义词 ) ___________ 4 . help ( 动词 ) ___________
5 . sit ( 反义词 ) ___________ 6 . give ( 现在分词 ) ___________
7 . run ( 现在分词 ) ___________ 8 . get ( 现在分词 ) ___________
9 . make ( 现在分词 ) ___________ 10 . fly ( 现在分词 ) ___________
二、选择填空。
1 . That boy isn't ____ after the teacher .
A . read B . reads C . reading D . write
2 . Are the students ____ basketball ?
A . doing B . playing C . play D . watch
3 . The girl is doing ____ homework .
A . his B . hers C . she's D . her
4 . Don't ____ like this .
A . throwing B . throw C . reading D . writing
5 . Meimei is ____ a red coat today .
A . putting on B . wear C . wearing D . put on
6 . Kate ____ , the others ____ .
A . sings , listen B . is singing , are listening
C . sings , are listening D . is singing , listen
7 . My friends often ____ TV in the evening .
A . see B . watch C . look at D . look
8 . ____ are the students doing ? They're writing .
A . What B . How C . Where D . Who
9 . Sorry , there aren't ____ bottles of orange .
Would you like ____ bottles of milk .
A . some , any B . some , some C . any , some D . any , any
10 . Our English teacher isn't here .
Let's go ____ find her .
A . / B . but C . for D . and
11 . A : ____ the time ?
B : It's about five ____ . It's time ____ home .
A . What , o'clock , go to B . What's , clock , go to
C . What , clock , to go D . What's , o'clock , to go
12 . A : What are the ____ doing ?
B : They're ____ near the river .
A . women , working B . woman , at working
C . women , at working D . woman , working
13 . Mr Green is planting ( 种 ) a tree . ____ daughter is helping ____ .
A . He , him B . His , him C . His , her D . Her , he
14 . There are some ____ there . The teacher is putting some books in ____ .
A . box , it B . boxes , it C . boxes , them D . box , them
15 . Ann is ____ a bottle of orange to Sue . Sue is ____ good friend .
A . taking , Ann B . take , Ann's C . taking , Anns’ D . taking , Ann's
16 . ____ is this coat ? It looks like ____ .
A . Who's , your B . Who's , yours C . Whose , yours D . Whose , you
17 . Lin Tao is a new student in ____ class . Please look ____ him .
A . our , after B . us , after C . our , at D . us , at
18 . I want ____ the room . Could you please ____ me ?
A . cleaning , help B . to clean , help C . to clean , to help D . cleaning , to help
三、下面主要是借助现在进行时完成对话：
A： ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ，Wei Hua . I can't find the twins . Do you know where they are ?
B : What ( 3 ) are they wearing ?
A : Lily ( 4 ) ( 5 ) green trousers and a brown sweater .
B : What ( 6 ) Lucy ? ( 7 ) she ( 8 ) the same clothes ?
A : No . She ( 9 ) ( 10 ) blue trousers and a blouse .
答案：一、1 . right 2 . watches 3 . closed / close 4 . help 5 . stand 6 . giving 7 . running 8 . getting 9 . making 10 . flying 二、1 - 5 C B D B C 6 - 10 B B A C D 11 - 15 D A B C D 16 - 18 C A B 三、1 . Excuse 2 . me 3 . clothes 4 . is 5 . wearing 6 . about 7 . Is 8 . wearing 9 . is 10 . wearing
【 创新园地 】
下面的练习要使用同音异形词，请你试一试：
1 . We meet Sandy and Sue at home . They are eating some ______ now .
2 . This big desk is for the teacher . There are ______ flowers on it .
3 . “Do you wear a pair of glasses ? ”“Yes , but ______ are they ? ”
4 . Tom is in Class Two , Grade One . I'm in it ______ .
5 . You are right . Please ______ down this new word on the blackboard .
6 . This is ______ colour TV . How many TV sets are there in the room ?
7 . “Do you know her English name ? ”“______ , we don't . ”
( 请同学们把你写好的答案反馈给我们 )
创新园地答案：
1 . meet 2 . four 3 . where 4 . too 5 . write 6 . their 7 . No
【 同步题库 】
Unit 22
一、按要求进行词形转换。
1 . write ( 同音词 ) ________ 2 . wear ( 同音词 ) ________
3 . open ( 反义词 ) ________ 4 . run ( 现在分词 ) ________
5 . begin ( 现在分词 ) ________ 6 . play ( 现在分词 ) ________
7 . television ( 缩略式 ) ________ 8 . knife ( 复数 ) ________
9 . help ( 动词 ) ________ 10 . child ( 复数 ) ________
二、完成对话：选择适当的单词完成对话，使对话完整、正确。每空填一个词，每一个单词只使用一次。
coming homework listen see help are writing going like look songs tell
A : Look ! what is Li Lei ( 1 ) on the blackboard ?
B : Let's go and have a ( 2 ) !
A : Li Lei , what ( 3 ) you writing ?
C : Xie Xiaodong is ( 4 ) to our school this afternoon . He is going to sing his new ( 5 ) . I want to ( 6 ) this to all the students . Come , I want some ( 7 ) .
A : OK . Are you going to ( 8 ) to Xie Xiaodong , Li Lei ?
C : Certainly ! I ( 9 ) him very much . And you ?
A : No . I want to do my ( 10 ) at home .
三、选择填空
1 . The children ____ playing games there .
A . be B . is C . are D . am
2 . Lucy is doing ____ homework .
A . / B . a C . his D . her
3 . The man is ____ TV .
A . seeing B . watching C . looking D . looking like
4 . Kate is ____ English words on the blackboard .
A . thinking B . making C . writing D . saying
5 . Look ! Your father ____ an English book .
A . look B . read C . is looking D . is reading
6 . - Are you playing games ?
- No , we ____ .
A . don't B . can't C . aren't D . haven't
7 . - ____ is your mother doing ?
- She is cleaning the house now .
A . Where B . What C . When D . How
8 . The boys are playing basketball . Let's go and ____ with them .
A . play B . playing C . are playing D . to play
9 . I can't ____ my watch . Where is it ? Do you know ?
A . mend B . make C . find D . look at
10 . - Could you ____ us , please ?
- Certainly .
A . help B . helping C . to help D . are helping
11 . The girl ____ the window .
A . isn't close B . isn't closing C . aren't close D . aren't closing
12 . Wang Li and Lily are ____ a bus .
A . playing B . listening to C . thinking D . waiting for
13 . The boys are sleeping ( 睡觉 ) . Don't ____ near the room .
A . to talk B . talking C . are talking D . talk
14 . What ____ Mr Smith and his friends doing near the house ?
A . be B . is C . are D . can
15 . Listen ! The boy is ____ .
A . putting on his shoes B . sitting in a boat
C . singing in his room D . wearing a yellow sweater
16 . ____ are they doing ? They're playing football .
A . Who B . What C . Whose
17 . My brother and I ____ doing ____ homework now .
A . are , our B . am , my C . is , his
18 . There is some ____ in the glass .
A . milk B . milks C . the milk
19 . Lucy is ____ blue sweater today .
A . putting on B . wearing C . wear
20 . Let's go ____ find our English teacher .
A . but B . for C . and
21 . Joe is ____ TV in the bedroom .
A . looking at B . watching C . seeing
22 . The boy is ____ on the chair .
A . sit B . sits C . sitting
23 . Is Lily cleaning the classroom ? ____
A . Yes , she is . B . No , she is . C . Yes , she isn't .
24 . What's Ann doing ? She's ____ .
A . reading a book B . looking a book C . seeing a book
25 . The children are running ____ the trees .
A . to B . up C . on
26 . Don't ____ in class . It's not good .
A . write B . read C . talk D . work
27 . Do you like ____ TV ?
A . watching B . looking at C . seeing D . listening to
28 . Who can ____ the blackboard ? I want to write some other words on it .
A . write B . clean C . make D . mend
29 . This basket is very heavy . Please give me ____ .
A . many help B . some help C . many helps D . some helps
30 . There aren't any chairs here . You can only ____ .
A . play B . jump C . sit D . stand
31 . My sister's son is ____ a book in his room .
A . looking B . watching C . reading D . writing
32 . Please ____ the windows . The air ( 空气 ) is not good here .
A . open B . close C . make D . clean
33 . -How can I find Lucy ?
-She ____ a red and a white blouse today .
A . wear B . put on C . is putting on D . is wearing
34 . -Lily , it's 7 o'clock . It's time to go to school .
-OK . Let me ____ my hat .
A . put on B . wear C . putting on D . wearing
35 . He is very careless ( 粗心 ) . He often forgets to ____ the door .
A . open B . close C . look D . watch
36 . Look ! What ____ he ____ ?
A . do ； do B . can ； do C . is ； doing D . are ； doing
37 . -What are you doing ?
-I ____ a kite .
A . am doing B . is doing C . am making D . is making
38 . -____ they all ____ in your school ?
-Yes , they are .
A . Do ； work B . Can ； work C . Are ； work D . Are； working
39 . Our teachers give us ____ to do today .
A . some homework B . many homework
C . many homeworks D . some homeworks
40 . -Where is Xiao Dong ?
-He is doing ____ homework at home .
A . 不填 B . his C . him D . one's
四、补全对话
A . Let's go and find them . B . What are they wearing ?
C . Excuse me . D . Yes . He is wearing a black hat .
E . What about your mother ?
A : ( 1 ) I can't find my father and mother .
B : Oh , we must find them . ( 2 )
A : Well , my father is wearing a blue coat .
B : No hat ?
A : ( 3 )
B : ( 4 )
A : She is wearing a red sweater and green trousers .
B : Right ! ( 5 )
五、用所给词的适当形式填空
1 . He is not ______ ( put ) his clothes away . He ______ ( put ) them on .
2 . - Is he at work ?
- Yes , he ______ ( make ) a kite .
3 . We want ______ ( mend ) the plane . Could you ______ ( help ) us ?
4 . - It's time ______ ( go ) home .
- Yes . Let's ______ ( close ) the door .
- We must ______ ( close ) the window first ( 首先 ) .
六、阅读短文，判断正误
(A)
It's Sunday ( 星期日 ) today . It is a nice day . Mr Smith is with his family . There are four people in his family . They are Mr Smith , Mrs Smith , Mary and Jim . They are walking on a bridge ( 桥 ) . There are some boats in the river . Mr and Mrs Smith are looking at the bridge . Mary is not looking at the boats . She is looking at a big ship . It is going under the bridge . What is Jim doing ? Oh , he is looking at a plane . It is flying ( 飞 ) in the sky ( 天空 ) . They are having a good time .
1 . There are four people in Jim's family .
2 . Mr and Mrs Smith are sitting in a boat .
3 . A big ship is going under the bridge .
4 . Jim is not looking at the big ship .
5 . They are very happy ( 高兴 ) .
(B)
This is a picture . We can see it's Tom's family . His father is sitting in a chair . He is reading a book . His mother is cleaning the house . He and his sister are wearing new clothes and they are going shopping . They want to buy something to eat . They are very happy .
Near the window there are some flowers . Under the table there is a cat . It's playing with a ball .
根据短文判断下列句子正误 ( 正确的 T，不正确的 F ) ：
1 . There are five people in Tom's family .
2 . Tom has a sister and a brother .
3 . His father is reading a book and drinking tea .
4 . Tom and his sister are going to buy something to eat .
5 . The cat is going the shop with Tom .
(C)
This is my bedroom . There are two maps on the wall . Near the window there is a desk . The chair is behind the door . Under the chair is a ball . There are some books on the desk and there is a pencil - box , too . There is a bed next to the wall . Mother is putting some flowers on the window . How beautiful they are !
1 . Whose bedroom is this ?
2 . What can you see on the wall ?
3 . Is there a ball under the chair ?
4 . Is there a pencil - box on the desk , too ?
5 . Who is putting some flowers in the room ?
(D)
There is a park ( 公园 ) near my home . People ( 人，人们 ) like to go to this park . Some of them go to the park every day . Look ! That is Mr King . He is sitting on a chair and watching the children . Some children are playing a game . Some boys are playing football . Lucy and Lily are standing under a tree . They are talking . There is a small river in the park . We can see some boats on the water . Some children are sitting in the boats with their fathers and mothers . Listen ! A girl is singing a song . This is really ( 真正地 ) a nice park . I come here every day .
1 . People near the park may ( 也许 ) to to it ____ .
A . at 9 in the morning B . at 3 in the afternoon
C . at 11 in the morning D . at 6 : 30 in the evening ( 傍晚 )
2 . There are some ____ in the park .
A . birds and cats B . chairs and boats C . balls and kites D . houses and buses
3 . Lucy is talking with ____ .
A . Mr King B . the boys C . Lily D . the birds
4 . I can see more ( 多一些 ) ____ in the park .
A . children B . men C . women D . boats
5 . What am I doing ?
A . I am watching the people in the park . B . I am playing a game .
C . I am in a boat . D . I am singing a song .
B . 填入所缺的词 ( 单词的第一个字母已给出 ) ：
6 . People go to the park when ( 当……的时候 ) they are not at w______ or school .
7 . There are m______ people in the park .
8 . The children in the boats are s______ children .
9 . The twins are n______ playing games with the other children .
10 . I l______ this park , so I come here every day .
七、完形填空
Lucy and Lily are ( 1 ) . Today we can't find ( 2 ) . We know Lucy is ( 3 ) blue trousers and a white blouse , not sweater . ( 4 ) about Lily ? She isn't wearing ( 5 ) same ( 6 ) . She's wearing green trousers , ( 7 ) a yellow sweater . We must ( 8 ) them . I think they may ( 9 ) games ( 10 ) the park .
1 . A . twin B . twins C . twines
2 . A . they B . their C . them
3 . A . putting on B . putting on C . wearing
4 . A . Which B . What C . Where
5 . A . a B . ／ C . the
6 . A . clothes B . dress C . sweater
7 . A . or B . but C . and
8 . A . finding B . find C . to find
9 . A . playing B . play C . plays
10 . A . to B . in C . on
八、根据中文意思完成下列句子。
1 . 他在修李平的风筝。
He ( 1 ) ( 2 ) Li Ping's kite .
2 . 我们在做作业。
We are ( 3 ) ( 4 ) homework .
3 . 看电视好吗 ?
What about ( 5 ) TV ?
九、单词拼写：根据句子意思或提示，写出完整、正确的单词，使句子意思准确 ( 单词的第一个字母已给出 ) 。
1 . Look ! Those students are c______ their classroom .
2 . A student must do his h______ carefully ( 仔细 ) .
3 . We must l______ to the teachers in class .
4 . Mr Green , can I t______ to you now ? I have something to say .
5 . He can only watch t______ on Sunday .
6 . C______ your books , please . Let's play a game .
7 . O______ the box , Kate . There is something for you .
8 . It's 12 o'clock . Who is w______ there ?
9 . That young man is w______ a book .
10 . You must r______ these texts ( 课文 ) every morning .
十、句型转换：根据题后的要求改写句子。
1 . Open your books , Please . ( 改为相反意思的句子 )
______ your books , Please .
2 . The students are listening to the teacher . ( 改为一般疑问句 )
______ ______ ______ ______ to the teacher ?
3 . Now he is watching TV at home . ( 改为否定句 )
Now he ______ ______ ______ TV at home .
4 . The cats are running up the tree . ( 对划线部分提问 )
______ ______ the cats ______ ?
5 . Liu Yan is wearing a blue sweater . ( 对划线部分提问 )
______ ______ ______ a blue sweater ?
答案：一、1. right 2. Where 3. close 4. returning 5. beginning 6. playing 7. TV 8. knives 9. helping 10. children 二、1. writing 2. look 3. are 4. coming 5. songs 6. tell 7. help 8. listen 9. like 10. homework 三、1 - 5 C D B C D 6 - 10 C B A C A 11 - 15 B D D C C 16-20 BAABC 21-25 BCAAB 26 -30 CABBD 31-35 CADAB 36-40 CCDAB 四、1 . C B 2 . D 3 . E 4 . A 五、1 . putting , is putting 2 . is making 3 . to mend , help 4 . to go , close , close 六、(A) 1 . √ 2 . × 3 . √ 4 . √ 5 . √ (B)1 . F 2 . F 3 . F 4 . T 5 . F （C） 1. It’s my bedroom . 2. I can see two maps . 3. Yes , there is . 4. Yes , there is . 5. Mother is . (D) 1-5 DBCAA 6. work 7. many 8. small 9. not 10. like 七、1-5 BCCBC 6-10 CCBBB 八、1. is , mending 2. doing , our 3. watching 九、1. cleaning 2. homework 3. listen 4. talk 5. television 6. Close 7. Open 8. working 9. writing 10. read 十、1. Close 2. Are , the , students , listening 3. is , not , watching 4. What , are , doing 5. Who , is , wearing
篇7：高一英语13单元
英语教学案例-------程永华
案例，这一新名词出现在教学中，给我们的教学工作带来一把解决问题的金钥匙。通过案例，我们不断反思，进而在教学过程中调整教与学，最终提高教学质量。
下面以高一英语S B I A Lesson 50 Abraham Lincoln为例，具体介绍该课在教学中的实际情况。
一、读
1、引入Preparation for reading
本课文Abraham Lincoln是一篇人物传记，我启发学生在课前收集有关林肯的资料。请学生来简述其生平：
祁超（高一3学生）：I know something abent Lincoln. He was the President of the USA.
师：Can you odd some information（指向另一学生--王宏元）
王宏元：he was the president of the USA fwm 1860 to 1864.
师：you did a good job, Thank you, and try your best to raise some quest'ons
（启发学生提出问题）
林山枫、王玲琳举手，依次让她们提问。
林山树：What was Lincoln's greatest work?
王玲琳：Why was he killed?
（学生积极讨论，并准备回答问题）
Q1一颜曼：To build a free state for all the people.
Q2-张鑫：Because the slave owners hated him for sefting the slaves free.
（让学生结合祁超、王宏元等诸位同学的信息，进一步补充、完善）
顺理成章地转入下一个步骤：
2、跳读Scanning
围绕刚才的问题，让学生进行搜寻式阅读，培养学生捕捉关键句的技能。
（此时，关玲同学举手。问Slave和Slavery有什么区别？）
师（轻声解释）：Slave 奴隶（具体的人）
Slavery 奴隶制度（抽象名词）
3、掠读Skimming
Read the text as quickly as possible to get a general idea of ea uh Paragraph:
（提出这个问题后，不少同学是紧锁眉头。显然，这种综合概括型题对学生偏难）
于是，我有意识地提示每一段：
Para1关键词：born school
Para2关键词：Yourg man
Para3关键词：War slowes
Para4关键词：enemies died
Para5关键词：（我笑着对学生说：这段用得着提示吗？）学生齐答：No,It is vang simple.我趁热打铁，让学生逐一归纳。
殷云蛟 Para1：Lincoln death
易 通 Para2：Lincoln was a young man
（归纳完整，简明么？师问，并继续请学生归纳）余 鎏Para2 :Lincoln's youth.
王平：Para3 :the American civil war.
谭 兵：Para4 :Lincoln's death
全班齐：Para5 :one of the greatest of all American Presidents.
4、细读intensive reading
按时间顺序，了解课文主要情节，获取有关信息：
Read the text carefully. First. Extract the time. and then wmplete it.
周 孟：（举手、在黑板书写：）
⑴In 1809_______ ⑵As a child _____
⑶In 1818_______ ⑷As a young man _____
⑸In 1860_______ ⑹In 1864 _____
⑺In 1865_______
陈 姝（填写）；其余同学在书上作符号
1809：Limoln was bom.
1818： His mother died
1860：Lincoln became President of the USA.
1864：Lincoln became President again
1865：Lin loln was shot.
疏通课文中阅读疑难和语言障碍让学生提出：
张 帆：When she saw that Abrahom liked reading, she did all she could to help him.
（老师，为什么could后面有to呢？）
师：问得好，我正想分析此句：“she could”is an Attributive clause to modify the pronoun “all”Arcer the modal verb“could”,the verb“do” is omitted. So the complete sentence should be……,she did all (that) she could (do) to h elp him.fire fou clew?
多数同学点头，有几位不懂、摇头。
师：不懂的同学下课后我们一起来研讨。OK？（学生点头）
莫 勇（举手提问）：As a child he used to work hard and help his father on the small farm where they lived.（“这句话怎样理解？难道Where是状语从句？”）
师：“Where”introducer orn Auribufive claw to modify the noun“farm”,Here it means “on the farm” Do you understand?
（当场多数学生点头，为照顾差生，师再用汉语重复解释，直至学生理解）
二、听说
为及时检查理解程度，细读之后组织学生两人一组（work in pairs）,根据课文内容，互相用wh- 特殊疑问形式提问及回答，每人不少于五个问题。
（摘抄一小组问题）
How did Limoln spend his Childhood?
Why did the American Civil War break out?
What happened after the war ended in 1864?
How did he become a lawfer?
Was he good at studying?
针对第五个问题的创造性，当场予以表扬，并让学生讨论。
通过各小组围绕贯穿主线的时间展开讨论，并造句、连成段落，让学生“纲举目张”的复述手法使学生表达起来“顺理成章”。
（此时，下课铃响）
师：课内时间有限，课外时间无限？
生：No。
（下课）
三、写
书面表达练习是检查课文整体教学的效果，它立足于说，又是说的提高，抓住学生对课文较熟悉，趁热打铁，布置改写或从第一人称（假如自己是林肯；林肯之父，奴隶；奴隶主）去练习写作。
篇8：高一英语单元作文
I prefer my English classes to be taught in both English and Chinese, whose advantage is that it is easy for us to understand what the teacher talks about. The teacher first teaches the class in English, and then she explains those that are hard to understand to us so that we get a better knowing of the passage. That will be good for us.
However, teaching the class in two languages will make the English atmosphere not so strong. Some students who wish to be taught in English will be disappointed.
Except for the disadvantage, I think it is really good to hear two languages in classes. It can make us more familiar with the foreign culture.
篇9：高一英语第二十一单元
内容
一、目的与要求：
掌握本单元出现的单词和词组：meaning, woodcutter, homeland, master, freely, peasant, unit, progress, native, force, base, revolutionary, limited, rapid, article, praise, encourage, situation, spirit, translate, university, degree, communism, social, idiom, vocabulary, have a talk with, come across, cut up, before long, move on, keep on, make progress, translate…into…, 等等……
二、本单元知识重点与难点分析：
1.How are you getting on with your English lessons? 你的英语学得怎么样？
How are you getting on with…? 是一个常用的交际用语，用来询问对方的生活、学习、
工作等情况，常译作“…进展如何”。例如：
How are you getting on with your experiment? 你的试验进展如何？
How is he getting on with his English studies? 他的英语学习进展如何？
He is getting on well with his studies. 他的学习进行的很顺利。
2.he was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons.
由于政治上的原因，他被迫离开了祖国。
1)be forced to do sth. 作“被迫做某事”解。如用主动语态形式，则是“force sb. to do
sth.”。
强迫某人做某事。例如：
You can’t force win to do it if he himself doesn’t want to.
如果他自己不想干的话，你是无法强迫他去干这件事的。
He was forced to resign. 他是被迫辞职的。
We were force to put off the match to the next week because of the bad weather.
由于恶劣的天气，我们被迫把比赛推退到了下周。
Don’t force him to do anything that he doesn’t want to.
不要强迫他做任何他不想做的事。
2)for political reasons意为“由于政治的原因”，for =because of，for a certain reason(for
some reason)由于某种原因。
3.Before long he had to move on again.不久，他不得不再次迁移。
1)before long =soon作“不久”、“很快”解，既可与过去时，也可与将来时连用。
例如：
Don’t worry! I’ll come to see you before long (soon).别担心，我很快就会来看你的。
Before long he left Beijing for Shanghai with his parents.不久，他就和他父母离开北京去上
海了。
2)句中的on是副词，同有些动词连用，表示这个动作继续下去的意思。如，work on
继续工作；walk on继续赶路；go on继续下去。
4.He went to England and made London the base for his revolutionary work.
他到了英国，并把伦敦作为他革命工作的根据地。
“make＋名词（作宾语）＋名词（作宾补）”是一个常见的结构，意思是“使…成为…”、
“把…当作…”等，例如：
We made him our monitor in our class last term.上学期，我们选他当我们班的班长。
5.He made such rapid progress that before long he began to write articles in English for an
American newspaper. 他进步得非常快，不久就开始用英文给一家美国报纸写文章了。
句中的such…that作“如此…以致”解，连接一个表示结果的状语从句。与so…that
意思相同，但用法不同。如：so…that这一结构中，so后边可加形容词或副词，而such后边要用名词（这个名词前面可以带形容词，也可以不带）。因此，such…that的句型结构可分以下三种：
1)such＋a(an)＋adj.＋单数可数名词＋that…clause
He is such a clever boy that everybody likes him.
他非常聪明，大家都非常喜欢他。
He was such an honest man that he was praised by the teacher.
他非常诚实，因而受到了老师的表扬。
2)such＋adj.＋复数可数名词＋that…clause
They are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again.
这些小说非常有趣，我想再读一遍。
3)such＋adj.＋不可数名词＋that…clause
He has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with him.
他进步得很快，老师们对他感到很满意。
注意：如果such后边的名词前由many、much、few、little等词所修饰的话，则不用
such而用so。例如：
He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over.
他摔了很多跤，以致于全身上下青一块，紫一块的。
He had so little education that he was unfit for this job.
他所受教育很少，不适合做这个工作。
There were so many people in the street watching the fire that firefighters could not get close to
the building.
街上有那么多人观看大火，以致于消防队员无法接近大楼。
6.In fact, his English is one of these articles was so good that Engels wrote him a letter and
praised him for it.
事实上，在那些文章中有一篇他的英文写得很好，恩格斯曾写信赞扬他。
so…that也作“如此…以致”解，连接一个表示结果的状语从句。so…that与such…
that意思相同，但用法不同。现将so…that用法总结如下：
so＋adj.／adv.＋that…clause（so的后面跟形容词或副词）
He runs so fast that nobody can catch up with him.
他跑得非常快，没人能追上他。
Dr. Wang is so good that everybody loves and respects him. (=He is so good a doctor that
everybody loves and respects him. =He is such a good doctor that everybody loves and respects him.)
他是一位好医生，大家都尊敬并爱戴他。
7.However, he went on to explain that he was not too sure about two things―the grammar and
some of the idioms.
但他接着说，在语法和某些习惯用语方面他还是不太有把握。
1)go on to do sth.意思是“（做完一件事后）接着做另外一件事”。而go on doing sth.则
是“继续做某事”的意思，即指某事尚未做完，继续做下去（继续做同一件事）。例如：
After reading the text, we went on to do some grammar exercises.
读完课文后，我们接着做了一些语法练习。
Although it was raining hard, they still went on working in the field.
虽然雨下得很大，但他们仍继续在地里工作。
They went on to read the text, after they listened to the music.
他们听完音乐后，接着读课文了。
2)be sure about／of…作“确信”、“有把握”解，后面跟名词，代词或动名词。例如：
Are you sure of his success?(=Are you sure that he will (succeed?) Yes, I’m quite sure of it.
你肯定他会获得成功吗？是的，我确信他会获得成功。
I think the answer is right but I’m not absolutely sure about it.
我认为这答案是正确的，但是没有绝对的把握。
I’m quite sure about／of his honesty. 我确信他是诚实的。
be sure后还可以跟that／when／whether等引导的.从句，例如：
I’m not sure when I last saw her. 我不能确定上一次看见她是什么时候。
She was sure that she had done the right thing. 她确信自己做的对。
He is not sure whether they will come to see him. 他不能肯定他们是否会来看望他。
8.In the years that followed, Marx Kept on studying English and using it.
在随后的几年里，马克思继续不断地学习和使用英语。
1)句中的that followed是定语从句，修饰先行词the years关系代词在定语从句中作主语。
句中in the years that followed可改成in the following years或in the next few years. 意思大致相同。
2)keep on doing sth.作“继续做某事”解，（=go on doing sth.=continue to do sth.=continue
doing sth.）例如：
Although he was tired , he kept on working. 虽然他很累了，但他继续工作。
注意：keep on doing和keep doing的区别，前者强调“继续做某事”，而后者常表示连
续不断的动作或持续的状态，即“不停地、不断地做某事。”例如：
He had a bad cold and kept coughing all day. 他患了重感冒，整天不停地咳嗽。
Be quiet: Don’t keep asking such silly questions. 安静点，不要老是问这么傻的问题。
9.In the 1870s, when Mark was already in his fifties, he found it important to study the situation in Russia. 在19世纪70年代，马克思已经50多岁了，他觉得研究俄国的形势很重要。
in one’s fifties指在某人50多岁时（50──59）。例如：
He became famous is his twenties. 他20多岁时就出名了。
When he was in his thirties, he went to the countryside and became a farmer.
当他30多岁的时候，他去了农村，当了一个农民。
The professor was an ordinary―looking little man is his sixties.
那位教授是一位60多岁，个子矮小，相貌平常的人。
2)句中的it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后边的动词不定式。此句型结构是“主语＋谓
语动词＋it＋宾补（形容词或名词）＋动词不定短语。常用于此种结构的谓语动词还有think、fell、make、consider等。例如：
I think it necessary to go there. 我认为到那儿去一趟很有必要。
We find it impossible to finish the work in ten minutes.
我们认为10分钟内完成那项工作是不可能的。
He feels it his duty to help those who are in trouble.
他感到帮助那些处于困境中的人们是他的责任。
10.In one of his books, Marx gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language.
马克思在他一本书中对如何学习外语提出了一些建议。
advice是不可数名词，不能用复数形式。如果说一条建议，则用a piece of advice, 二条
建议，two pieces of advice。advice前常用的修饰词有some、any、much、pieces of等。例如：
They gave some advice on our work. 他对我们的工作提出了一些建议。
You’d better ask for the teacher’s advice on our English study.
你最好去征求一下老师对我们的英语学习的意见。
You should follow／take your parents’ advice. 你应该听众你父母的劝告。
