下面是小编整理的初中英语语法整合，本文共6篇，欢迎您能喜欢，也请多多分享。本文原稿由网友“守沢千秋”提供。
篇1：初中英语语法整合
初中英语语法整合
初中英语语法大全之表示尽力做某事的句型
关键句型全总结（三）
关键句型一：表示肯定的句型（以本题为例）
1. I'm sure you'll like the delicious Chinese food here!
2. I believe you will find Chinese food delicious.
3. I'm convinced that you'll love Chinese food.
5. I bet you will love Chinese food!
关键句型二：表示为某人提供某物（以本题为例）
1. We'll provide you with a room of your own with a bed, a desk, a couple of chairs and a TV.
2. We'll provide a room with a bed, a desk, a couple of chairs and a TV for you.
3. We'll supply you with a room that has a bed, a desk, a couple of chairs and a TV.
4. We'll supply a room with a bed, a desk, a couple of chairs and a TV for you.
5. We'll prepare a room with a bed, a desk, a couple of chairs, and a TV for you.
6. You will have a room of your own with a bed, a desk, a couple of chairs and a TV.
关键句型三：表示提供帮助的句型（以本题为例）
表示提供帮助的句型非常多，我们旨在抛砖引玉，只给出几个参考句型，希望同学们自己努力思考，平时留意悼念相关的句型，为自己增加财富！
1. Please set me know if you have any questions or requests.
2. Just call me if there's anything you need.
3. (Please) let me know if there's anything I can help you with.
4. Don't hesitate to ask for help if you have any questions or requests.
5. I'll be glad to help if you have any questions or requests.
6. I'd be glad if I could help.
关键句型四：表示尽力做某事的句型（以本题为例）
1. We'll try our best to make your stay here in Beijing a pleasant experience.
2. We'll do everything we can to help you enjoy your stay here in Beijing.
3. We'll do all we can to help you have a good time in Beijing.
4. We'll do our best to make your stay in Beijing a happy one!
希望同学们对上面句型要好好的掌握哦！这些都是一些基本的句型哦！如果还有些模糊的可看着例句进行记忆哦！
初中英语语法大全：动词的种类
动词的种类
动词是表示动作或状态的词，按其词义和在句子中的作用可分为行为动词，连系动词，助动词和情态动词。
1．行为动词
行为动词可分为及物动词 (vt)和不及物动词(vi)，及物动词表示动作或状态，有完整的词义，能单独作谓语，后跟宾语；不及物动词表示动作或状态，有完整的词义，能单独作谓语，但后面不能直接跟宾语，如要带宾语则与介词或副词构成短语。
如：
More and more people study English.(vt)
The students are listening to the teacher carefully.(vi)
2．连系动词
连系动词本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。常用的连系动词有 be, get, turn, become, look, feel, grow, seem, sound, taste, smell等。
如：
Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.
It feels damp.
3．助动词
助动词本身无词义，不能单独作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词，表示否定，疑问及动词的时态、语态、人称和数等语法特征，助动词有 be,do,have,shall,will等。
如：
How do you usually come to school?
The children are playing yo-yo now.
4．情态动词
情态动词本身有一定的意义，但不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。情态动词有 can (could),may(might),must, need, ought to, dare等。
如：
Can I help you?
- Must we go now? -No, you needn't .
a. can与be able to的用法有所区别。can只用于一般现在时和过去时，指本身有能力的“能”；be able to用于各种时态均可，指须经过努力而“能”。
b. must与have/has to的用法。must表示说话人主观认为“必须”，只用于一般现在时和一般将来时；have/has to表示客观需要，意为“不得不”，它可用于各种时态。
c．need和dare既可作情态动词也可作行为动词。
以上对动词的种类知识的内容讲解学习，相信同学们已经能很好的掌握了吧，希望同学们在考试中取得很好的成绩。
初中英语语法大全：动词不定式的形式
动词不定式的形式
1．作主语。 如：
To learn English is very important.
但实际上不定式作主语常用 it来作形式主语，而将不定式移至谓语动词后作真正的主语。
如上句可表达为：
It's very important to learn English.
2．作表语。 如：
My idea is to ring him up at once.
3．作宾语。 如：
I have decided to go to Binjiang Primary School.
4．作宾语补足语。
a. ask, want, teach, tell, know, would like, allow等动词后面接动词不定式作宾语补足语。
如： The policemen asked him to get off the bus.
b. hear, see, look at, feel, watch, notice, listen to等动词后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
如： We often see Miss Li clean the classroom.
c. let, make, have这些使役动词后接不带to的'动词不定式作宾语补足语。但在被动语态中这些不带to的都须带上to。
如： In those days the bosses often made the workers work day and night.
d.动词help接动词不定式作宾语补足语，可带to也可不带to。
如： Can you help me (to) carry the heavy bag?
5．作定语。
a.与被修饰词有动宾关系。如：I have something important to tell you.但如果不定式动词为不及物动词，后面的介词千万不要省略。
如： Maybe they have three rooms to live in.
b.与被修饰词有主谓关系。
如： Mr Liang is always the first to come and the last to leave.
c.与被修饰之间只有修饰关系。
如： I have no time to play cards.
6．作状语，表示目的、原因、方法、方向、结果等。
如： I'll go to meet my friend at the railway station.
7．不定式复合结构“for sb. to do sth” 作主语时，常用“It is +adj+ for
of sb. to do sth”的句式。形容词good, bad, polite, unkind, kind, ice, clever,
right, wrong, careful等用“It is +adj +of sb. to do sth.”
其他形容词用 for。
如：
It's dangerous for you to ride so fast.
It's very kind of you to help me.
8．动词不定式与疑问句who, what, which, when, how, where, whether等连用。
如： I don't know when to start.
He didn't tell me where to go.
但上面结构相当于一个从句，故上述句子也可表达为：
I don't know when we'll start.
He didn't tell me where he would go.
注意：
a.有些动词或动词短语不能带不定式，只能接动词的-ing形式。
如： enjoy, finish, keep, mind, miss(错过),be busy, go on, keep on, be worth, practise等。
如： The peasants are busy picking apples.
Would you mind my opening the door?
b.有些动词后可接不定式，也可接动词的-ing形式，但意思不同。
如： Lu Jian forgot to post the letter.(该寄但还没做)
Lu Jian forgot posting the letter.(已经寄过信了)
They stopped to sing a song.(停止在做的工作而去做另一件工作)
They stopped singing.(停止正在做的工作)
希望上面对动词不定式的形式知识的内容讲解学习，同学们都能很好的掌握，相信同学们会取得很好的成绩的哦。
初中英语语法大全：短语动词的四种类型
短语动词的四种类型
动词与介词、副词等构成的固定短语，叫短语动词。主要有四类：
一、动词+副词
有的一般不跟宾语，如go ahead, fall behind, get up, lie down, go up, run out, give in, stay up等；有的可以跟宾语，如put out, carry out, give up, wake up, check in, eat up, fill in, find out, fix up, hand in, mix up, look up, make out, turn down, work out等。
注意：宾语是名词时，放在副词前面或后面都可以，但若作宾语的是人称代词时，就只能放在动词和副词之间了。如：
We’ve decided to put the meeting off (=put off the meeting) . 我们决定把会议推迟。
We’ve decided to put it off. 我们决定将它推迟。(不说put off it)
二、动词+介词
如ask for, care for, call for, break into, deal with, call on, look for等。后面必须接宾语。如：
I don’t care for tea. 我不喜欢喝茶。
三、动词+副词+介词
如look forward to, put up with, looked up to, go in for, go along with, date back to, look down on, keep up with, add up to, run out of等。如：
She soon caught up with us. 她很快赶上了我们。
四、动词+名词+介词
如take care of, pay attention to, make use of, make contribution to做出贡献等。如：
Take care of your brother while I am away. 我不在的时候，你要照顾好你弟弟。
希望上面老师对短语动词的四种类型知识的讲解学习，同学们都能很好的掌握，相信同学们会学习的很好的哦。
初中英语语法大全：及物动词与不及物动词
及物动词与不及物动词
根据其后是否带宾语，动词可分为及物动词(带宾语)和不及物动词(不带宾语)。如：
When will he arrive? 他什么时候到？(arrive 不带宾语，为不及物动词)
He reached Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到达北京。(reach 带了宾语，为及物动词)
有的动词既可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词：
The child is playing. 这小孩在玩。（不及物用法）
The child is playing the piano. 这小孩在弹钢琴。（及物用法）
He is writing. 他在写字。（不及物用法）
He is writing a letter. 他在写信。（及物用法）
The boy is reading. 这男孩在阅读。 （不及物用法）
The boy is reading a magazine. 这男孩在看杂志。（及物用法）
上面对及物动词与不及物动词知识的内容讲解学习，希望给同学们的学习很好的帮助，相信同学们会学习的更好的吧。
初中英语语法大全：实义动词与非实义动词
实义动词与非实义动词
根据其含义和句子功用，动词可分为实义动词和非实义动词(包括时态助动词和情态助动词等)。如：
He bought a story book. 他买了一本故事书。(buy 为实义动词)
He has read the story book. 他已读过这本故事书。(has 为时态助动词，read为实意动词)
He should read the story book. 他应该读读这本故事书。(should 为情态助动词,red为实义动词)
上面对实义动词与非实义动词知识的内容讲解学习，相信同学们已经能很好的掌握了吧，希望同学们考试成功。
篇2：初中英语语法句子成分整合
一、句子成分精讲
句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。
主要成分：主语和谓语
1、主语
一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。主语的位置：
The school is far from here. 名词做主语
She goes to school by bike.
Eight is a lucky number.
The blind need more help. 代词做主语 数词做主语 名词化的形容词做主语
There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语
Predicting the future is interesting.
To be a doctor is my dream.
2、谓语
表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态.
英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词 句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。
谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的构成。 分析句子的主语和谓语
Mr. Li teaches English.
He can play the piano.
My parents and I are having dinner.
3、表语
用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。
表语的位置
用在动词be和系动词的后面。
名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。 Your pen is on the desk.
He got very angry.
My dream is to have a robot. 动名词做主语 不定式短语做主语
常见的系动词
1. be动词
2. 与感觉有关的动词 look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等
3. 表示状态变化的动词，意为“变得” “变成” 如 get, grow, turn等
上述两类词作连系动词时要用形容词作表语,千万不能用副词。
4、宾语
是动作的对象或承受者。.
及物动词:直接接宾语的谓语动词.
不及物动词:不能直接带宾语的谓语动词.
宾语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句构成.
I saw a plane in the sky just now.
I want three. 名词做宾语 数词做宾语
I like going shopping. 动名词做宾语
We think predicting the future is hard.
5、宾语补足语(宾补) 宾语从句
有些及物动词除了要有一个宾语之外, 还须加上一个补足语。如果没有补足语(宾补), 有时候句子的意思就不完整。 充当宾补的有:
1. 形容词作宾语补足语
The sun keeps us warm.
2. 介词短语作宾语补足语:
I found her in the room.
3. 副词作宾语补足语。
Please let him in.
4. 名词作宾语补足语。
We made him monitor of the class.
5. 动词不定式和分词也能用作宾语补足语。
I asked him to come.
6、定语
定语修饰名词或代词(即在汉语里的……的)
1. 形容词作定语(一般放在被修饰语之前,修饰不定代词时放在后面)
They have a clever son.
I have something important to tell you.
2. 名词作定语:
Is it a color film?
名词作定语一般用单数形式, 如:
school bus, ticket office, paper flowers
但也有例外,如: sports meeting, clothes shop
man 和 woman修饰的名词如果是复数,它们总以复数的形式作定语,如:
men drivers , women doctors
3. 代词作定语:
This song is better than that one.
4. 数词作定语:
There are only thirty students in our class.
带有数字的复合形容词.当复合形容词用连字号连接时,其中的名词要用单数形式.
a two-day holiday a three-year-old boy
5. 副词作定语:
Do you know the young man over there?
6. 介词短语作定语(放在被修饰词之后):
The students in our class like swimming.
7、状语
, .
1. 副词作状语:
The old man is walking slowly.
The boy is very clever.
2. 介词短语作状语: 表方式 表程度
I have lived in Shanghai for five years.
3. 不定式作状语 表时间
I come here to see you.
4. 现在分词作状语 表目的
The teacher came in, holding a book in his hand. 表方式
5. 状语从句
We’ll go shopping if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
状语的位置
1. 在一般情况下,用于句末。
We like our school very much.
2.为了强调状语,可以把它放在句首.
I usually get up at six, but this morning I got up at eight.
3. 表频度的副词通常用于句中, 如always, usually, often, hardly, never,
用于行为动词前,be动词、助动词和情态动词后
I usually get up early.
He is often late.
一些副词, 如already, once, just, soon, yet, still, nearly, almost, really, suddenly, certainly等用法相似 sometimes, now可以位于句首,句中或句末
only 在句中的位置比较灵活, 但位置不同, 意义也不同.
The actor only sang a song.
Only the actor sang a song.
The actor sang only one song.
两个或多个状语同时修饰时的顺序
1. 地点状语在前, 时间状语在后.
We will have a meeting in Room 202 tomorrow.
2. 较小单位的状语在前,由小到大
Mr. Li lives at 88 Chongwen Rd., Suzhou, Jiangsu.
3. 一个句子有几个不同种类的副词作状语, 其顺序大都是: 程度副词,方式副词, 地点副词, 时间副词 She sang very well at the meeting last night.
时间和地点状语也可以位于句首, 表示强调或使上下文更为连贯
Usually I read the newspapers in the morning, but yesterday I read them in the evening.
初中英语语法句子成分练习
初中英语语法综合练习题
1、A.ask B.answer C.to ask
2、We'll try there on time.
A.to get B.getting C.got
3、They hoped their mother soon.
A.to see B.saw C.seeing
4、I'm glad A.meet B.met C.to meet
5、He often helps me my bike.
A.mending B.to mend C.to mended
6、I heard Alice in the next door.
A.sings B.sang C.sing
7、it by himself.
A.do B.to do C.doing
8、He saw Dick in and take a book away.
A.came B.coming C.come
9、Does Jack want A.be B.is C.to be
10、The boss had them A.worked B.working C.work
11、It's time A.to go B.went C.going
12、you.
A.to help B.help C.helped
13、Don't forget your books to school.
A.bring B.to bring C.brought
14、I don't know A.where does he live B.what is he doing
C.where he lives D.what he is dring it
15、Ask him how much A.did it cost B.cost it C.it costed D.it costs
16、used for.
A.what was this room B.which was this room
C.what this room was D.that this room was
17、I really don't know A.where he was born B.where he is born
C.where was he born D.where is he born
18、We have no idea A.how worried was he B.how worried he was
C.that was he worried D.what was he worried
19、He wanted to know there.
A.how long time I had been B.how long had I been
C.how long I had been D.how long I was
20、My mother wants to know A.how is Tom getting along B.how he is getting along(相处)
C.what is he getting along D.what he is getting along
21、What shall we do A.if B.when C.since
22、手术 was over.
A.before B.after C.until
23、A.when B.until C.because
24、A.if B.while C.because
25、Finish doing your homework A.before B.until C.after
26、The film was
A.as, as B.So(形容词), that C.Such(名词), that
27、he heard a girl crying for help outside, he rushed out of the room.
A.Before B.As soon as C.after
28、There are in Class Two.
A.as many, than B.as much, as
C.more, than D.so many, as
29、I was watching TV, my sister was litening to the radio programme.
A.After B.While C.Before
30、Let's wait for him A.until, will come B.until, came
C.if, will come D.until, comes
篇3：初中英语语法
（一）
一.词类(Parts of Speech)
名词 英文名称The Noun(缩写为n.) 表示人或事物的名称 例词boy,clock,book等
冠词 英文名称The Article(缩写为art.) 用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人和或事物。 例词a(an),the
代词 英文名称The Pronoun(缩写为pron) 用来代替名词、形容词或是数词 例词we,that,his,what
形容词 英文名称The Adjective(缩写为adj.) 用以修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征
例词 old,red,fine,good.
数词 英文名称The Numeral(缩写为num.) 表示数量或是顺序。例词 one,thirteen
first
动词 英文名称The Verb(缩写为v.) 表示动作或状态。例词sit,go,be(am,is,are)
副词 英文名称The Adverb(缩写为adv.) 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。例词not
too,here,very
介词 英文单词The Preposition(缩写为prep.) 表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的
关系。 例词in,on,of,to,under.
连词 英文单词The Conjunction(缩写为conj.) 用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句
与句。 例词and,or,but.
感叹词 英文单词The Interjection(缩写为interj.) 表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等
情感。 例词oh,hello,hi,er.
二.名词(Nouns)
1.总的说来,名词分专有名词和普通名词两类。
专有名词: 表示具体的人,事物,地点或机构的专有名称。
Lucy China 中国 Asia 亚洲 Beijing 北京 。
专有名词的第一个字母要大写。
普通名词: 表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如:
teacher 老师 tea 茶 reform 改革
普通名词又可进一步分为四类
1) 个体名称: 表示单个的人和事物。
house 马 car 汽车 room 房间 apple 苹果 fun 风扇 picture 照片
2) 集体名称: 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。
people 人们 family 家庭 army 军队 government 政府 group 集团
3) 物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。
fire 火 steel 钢 air 空气 water 水 milk 牛奶
4)抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。
labour 劳动 health 健康 life 生活 friendship友情 patience耐力
2.名词按其所表现的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词(Countable Nouns)有复数形式,如:
an apple two apples a car some cars
不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)一般没有复数形式.
抽象名词, 物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词。
sand 沙 sugar 糖
有少数名词即可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但含义不同。
glass 玻璃 glass 玻璃杯 paper 纸 paper 报纸,文件
名词的功能
名词在句中作主语, 宾语,介词宾语,宾语补助语,表语以及名词短语作状语。
The bag is in the desk. bag 作主语。
书包在桌子里边。
I washed my clothes yesterday. clothes 作宾语。
昨天我洗了我的衣服。
This is a good book. book 作表语。
这是一本好书。
We elected him our monitor. monitor作宾语补助语。
我们选他为我们的班长。
Mary lives with her parents. parents作介词宾语.
玛丽和她的父母亲住在一起。
He is a Party member. Party 作定语.
他是一名党员。
They study hard day and night. day and night作状语。
他们白天黑夜地学习。
3.可数名词有单数(the Singular Nunmber)和复数(the Plural Number)两种形式。
名词的复数形式(The Plural Form Nouns)的部分规则如下:
1) 一般情况下,在词尾加 -s. 例如:
bags，maps，pens，desks，workers
2) 以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词加-es.例如:
buses watches boxes
3) 以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词加-s.例如:
licences blouses oranges
4) 以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i再加-es.例如:
babies families
5) 名词以 -f 或 -fe 结尾的,把 -f 或-fe 变成 -ves.
bookshelves， wives， knives
注:英语中有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,需要一一记忆常见的有，
man - men woman - womenfoot - feet
tooth - teeth mouse - nice ox - oxen
sheep - sheep dear - dear fish - fish
英语中有些名词总是以复数形式出现。
scissors 剪刀 goods 货物 trousers 裤子 clothes 衣服 glasses 玻璃杯
4.名词的所有格(The Possessive Case of Nouns)
在英语中,名词的格有三个,主格,宾格和所有格。
它们的形式及其变化表示与其他词的关系。
实际上, 主格和宾格通过它在句中的作用和位置来确定。
The bird is in the tree. 鸟在树上。 bird 作主语, 是主格。
I saw a film yesterday. 昨天我看了一场电影。 film 作宾语,是宾格。
名词的所有格: 名词中表示所有关系的形式叫做名词所有格。
Lu Xun's book is worth reading.
鲁迅的书值得一读。
This is my father's room.
这是我父亲的房间。
名词所有格的构成
单数名词 加's 例词:Mike's father
以s结尾的复数名词 加' 例词:the teachers' room
不以s结尾的复数名词 加's 例词:men's women's
三、代词(Pronouns)
1.人称代词(Personal Pronouns)
第一人称单数主格I(复数We) 单数宾格me(复数us)
第二人称单数主格you(复数you) 单数宾格you(复数you)
第三人称单数主格he,she,it(复数they) 单数宾格him,her,it(复数them)
2.物主代词(Possessive Pronouns)
形容词性物主代词第一人称单数my(复数our)
形容词性物主代词第二人称单数your(复数your)
形容词性物主代词第三人称单数his,her,its(复数their)
名词性物主代词第一人称单数mine(复述ours)
名词性物主代词第二人称单数yours(复数yours)
名词性物主代词第三人称单数his,hers,its(复数theirs)
四、数词(Numeral)
表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词，数词分为基数词和序数词。
表示数目多少的数词叫基数词；表示顺序的数词叫序数词。
基数词(Cardinal Numbers)
1 one 2 two 3three 4four 5five 6six
11eleven 12twelve 13thirteen 20twenty
21twenty-one 40fouty 100one hundred
五、动词(Verb)
一般现在时(The Simple Present Tense)
一般现在时表示现在的状态
如:He is twelve.She is at home.
表示经常的或是习惯性的动作.
如:I go to school at 7:30 every day.
表示主语具备的的性格和能力等
如:She like apple.They know English.
1.动词be(Verb to be)
肯定式I am......否定I am not....
肯定式You are...否定式You are not....
肯定式He/She/It is....否定式He/She/It is not....
疑问句和简略答语
Am I ....?
Yes,you are./No,I you are not.
Are you....?
Yes,I am./No,I am not.
2.There be结构
“There is/are+某物/某人+某地/某时”这样一种句型,大致相当于汉语
“某地/某时有某物/某人”的说法.句子的is/are和后面所跟的名词在数
方面必须是一致.
肯定式:There is(There's)a table in your room.
There are(There're)some pencils on the desk.
否定式:There is not(There isn't)any cats here.
There are not(aren't)any cats here.
疑问式和简略答语
Is there a ruler in your bag?
Yes,there is./No,there is not(isn't).
Are there any people in that house?
Yes,there are./No,there are not(aren't).
How many kites are there in the sky?
There are thirteen.
六、介词(Prepositions)
介词一般用于名词或代词前,表示该词与句子其他成分的关系.介词后面的名词
或代词称为介词宾语.介词和介词宾语一起构成介词短语.
本册课本出现的介词短语如下:
at: at home at school at six thirty
behind: behind the door/tree behind one's chair
beside: beside the door beside the house
from: from one to a hundred
in: in Row/Team/Class/Grade4
in one's school/grade/class/team/rom
in your desk/pencil-box/bedroom
in the picture in the same class in different classes
in English in the hat in the morning/afternoon
like: like this/that
near: near the window near the door
of: a picture of a classroom a map of China
the name of her cat the wall of their classroon
on: on the desk/chair on the floor on the wall on the bike
on the duty
to:(a quarter)to ten (go)to school/bed/work
under: under the desk/table under the tree/window under one's chair/bed
(1) 表示时间：
at: 表示某一时间点
如： at noon
on: 表示特定的日子
如： on Christmas
in: 表示一段不具体的时间
如： in the morning， in the Second world war
如表示在某一特定的早上、下午则用on
如： on a cold morning, on a hot afternoon, on Sunday morning
during: 表示期间内的某个时期
如: during the night, during the Second World War
for: 其后接表示一段时间长度的词
如： for three days
through: 表示在整个期间没有间歇
例： It snowed through the night.
till/until: 表示动作持续的终点
例：I studied hard till twelve o'clock last night.
by: 表示动作完成期限
例： I'll be back by five o'clock.
since: 表示某动作的起始点
例：I have studied English since 1990．
(2) 表示地点：
at: 表示较小的地点
如： arrived at the school gate
in: 表示较大的地点
如： arrived in Shanghai
for: 表示目的地
例： I'll leave for Shanghai.
above: 表示上面，上方，其反意词是below
over: 表示垂直上方，其反意词是under
例： The dog jumped over the table.
through: 表示穿过
如： through the forest
across: 表示平原上的跨越
例： I want to walk across the road.
七、句子的种类(Kinds of Sentences)
英语的句子按照用途可分为以下四类:
陈述句 用途是用来说明事实或说话人的看法 例句:I can see a map on the wall.
I think it's his.
疑问句 用途是用来提出问题. 例句:Are you Mr Green?
Can you find it ? How old are you?
祈使句 用途是用来表示请求和命令. 例句: Sstand up.Come in,please.
Let's play games.
感叹句 用途是用来表达强烈的感情. 例句:What a fine day it is!
How beautiful the flowers are!
八、一般疑问句和 特殊疑问句
一般疑问句子和特殊疑问句
一般疑问句（General Question）一般是指用Yes或No回答的疑问句。
例如：Is she at school today? Yes,she is/No,she isn't.
Can you see a pencile on the desk? Yes,I can./No,I can't.
Do you play football? Yes,they do./No,they don't.
特殊疑问句是以特殊疑问词开头的疑问句.
(二)
一.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
(The Comparative and Superlative Degrees of Adjective and Adverbs)
大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：
1)原级，即原形。
2)比较级，表示“较……”或“更……一些”的意思。
3)最高级，表示“最……”的意思。
1.形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成
(1)规则变化
单音节词和少数双音节词
一般在词尾加-er或-est
cold colder coldest
strong stronger strongest
fast faster fastest
slow slow slowest
以字母e结尾的形容词，加-r或-st
nice nicer nicest
large larger largest
重读闭音节词只有一个辅音字母时，应先双写辅音字母，再加-er或-est
big bigger biggest
thin thinner thinnest
hot hotter hottest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先改“y”为“i”，再加-er或-est
easy esaier easiest
happy happier happiest
early earlier earliest
少数以-er，-ow 结尾的双音节词clever(聪明的)未尾加-er，-est
clever cleverer cleverest
narrow narrower narrowest
多音节词和部分双音节词
在词前加more或most
delicious more delicious most delicious
interesting more interesting most interting
easily more easily most easily
carefully more carefully most carefully
(2)不规则变化
good/well better best
bad/badly worse worst
much/many moremost
little lessleast
far farther/further farthest/furthest
2.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法
比较级：表示两者（人或事物）的比较
Mr King is taller than Mr Read
This mooncakes is nicer than that one。
The tractor is going faster than the bike。
最高级：表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）的比较，其中有一个在某一方面超过
其他几个时，用最高级。最高级的前面一般要加定冠词the。后面可带of（in）
短语来说明比较的范围。
Whose drawing is he best of all?
She is the youngest in the class.
The taxi is going ghe fastest.
Mr Qin is walking tje slowest of all.
注：在形容词和副词的比较级前，有时可以用much，a little等来修饰，
如：much better a little taller
二。数词（Numerals）（2）
序数词（Ordinal Numbers）
序数词表示事物的顺序，往往与定冠词the连用。
fist 1st twentieth 20th
second 2nd twenty-first 21th
third 3nd thirieth 30th
fourth 4nd thirty-ninth 39th
fifth 5nd fortieth 40th
sixth 6th fiftieth 50th
seventh 7th sixtieth 60th
eighth 8th seventieth 70th
nineth 9th ninetieth 80th
tenth 10th hundredth 100th
eleventh 11th one hundred and first 101st
twelfth 12th
三、冠词（Articles）
冠词是一种虚词，让在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义，
冠词分不定冠词(The Indefinite Article)
和定冠词（The Define Article）两种，a（an）是不定冠词。
a用在辅音之前，如：a road
a boy；an用在元音之前，如：an hour ；an old man等；the是定冠词。
1.不定冠词的用法
用于可数名词的单数形式前，指人或事物的某一种类。
Susan is a scientist.
Pass me an orange,please.
指某人或某事，但不具体说明何人或何物。
A boy is looking for you。
We work five days a week。
表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有one强烈。
We are going to have an English lesson tomorrow。
I have a mouth，a nose，two eyes and two ears。
用于某些固定的词组中。
a few ，a little ，a lot of ，a moment ago
2.定冠词的用法。
特指某些人或某些事物
Show me the photo of the boy。
The book on the desk is mine。
指双方都知道的人或事物。
Where are the new books，Jim？
They are on the small table。
指上文提过的人或事物。
Ji Mei lives on a farm。The farm is not big。
用在世界上独一无二的事物前。
The sun is bigger than the moon。
用在序数词和形容词最高级前。
The first month of the year is January。
Walk along this road，and take the fourth turning on the left。
用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。
the Great Wall
the Women's Hospital
用在一些习惯用语中。
in the morning（afternoon，evening），
on the left（right），at the back（front）of
the day befoer yesterday，all the same
3.不用冠词的情况
在专有名词和不可数名词前，
China，Grade Two，Bill Smilk，milk
名词前已有作定语用的this，that，my，your，some，any等代词。
The letter is in her bag ,
Come this way,please .
I have some question.
复数名词表示一类人或事物时，
My father and mother are teachers.
I like cakes.
在星期，月份，季节，节日前，
It is Sunday（Monday，Tuesday，etc。）today。
June 1st is Children's Day in China。
It is cold in winter。
在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。
Mr Mott is going on a trip。
What colour are Mrs Green's shoes？
在三餐饭和球类运动的名词前。
He went to shool before breakfast this morning。
Can you play basketball？
四、动词（Verbs）（2）
1.动词的种类（Kinds of Verbs）
行为动词Action Verbs：含有实在的意义，表示动作或状态，在句中能独立作谓语。
She has some bananas。
They often come back early。
I listen to the radio every day。
连系动词Link Verbs：本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。
His father is a teacher。
Twins usually look the same。
Trees turn green。
助动词Auxiliary Verbs 本身没有词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成
谓语动词，表示否定，疑问，时态或其他语法形式。
He doesn't speak Englist。
We are playing basketball。
Do you have a brother？
情态动词Modal Verbs
本身有一定的意义，但不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词，表示说话
人的语气和情态，情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
She can speak a little English。
May I speak to Ann,please？
We must go now。
2.一般过去时态（The Simple Past Tense）
一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和过去的时间状语连用，
如：yesterday，last night，in 1990，two days ago等，也表示过去经常或反复发生的
动作，常和often，always等表示频度的时间状语连用。例如：
I got up at 6：30 yesterday。
My father was at work yesterday afternoon。
He always went to work by bus last year。
一般过去时的构成
be
肯定句：I was……
He （she，it） was……
We（You，They）were……
否定句 I was not（wasn't）……
He（She，It）was not（wasn't）……
We（You，They）were not（weren't）……
work
肯定句 I（You，He，She，It，We，You，They）worked。
否定句 I（You，He，She，It，We，You，They）did not（didn't）worked。
there be
肯定句
There was……
There were……
否定句
There was not（wasn't）……
There were not （weren't）……
疑问句和简略答语
be
第一人称
Was I……？Yes，you were。No，you were not。
Were we……？Yes，we（you）were。No，we（you）were not。
第二人称
Were you……？Yes,I was。No，I was not。
Were you……？Yes，we were。No，we were not。
第三人称
Was he （she，it）……？Yes，he（she，it）was。No，he（she，it） was not。
Were they ……？Yes，they were。No，they were not。
work
第一人称
Did I work？Yes，you did。No，you did not。
Did we work？Yes，we（you）did。No,we（you） did not。
第二人称
Did you work？Yes，I did。No,I did not。
Did you work？Yes，we did。No,we did not。
第三人称
Did he （she，it）work？Yes，he（she，it）did。No，he（she，it）did not。
Did they work？Yes，they did。No,they did not。
there be
Was there a/any……？Yes，there was。No，there was not。
Was there any……？Yes，there were。No，there were not。
规则动词过去式地构成
一般在动词原形末尾加-ed 例如:look looked,play played,
结尾是e的动词加-d 例如:live lived,hope hoped,use used
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed
例如:stop stopped,plan planned,trip tripped
结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词,先变y为i再加-ed. 例如:study studied
carry carried,worry worried.
常见的不规则动词有:
am/is-was are-were go-went have-had do-did get-got
come-came say-said see-saw put-put eat-ate take-took
3.一般将来时态(The Simple Future Tense)
一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来将来经常
或反复发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用.如:tomorrow,next,week,next
year等
例如:I will go to my hometown next week.
We will come to see you every Sunday.
1)一般将来时的构成 一般将来时由“助动词”will+动词原形“构成.在口语中,will
在名词或代词后常简缩为'll,will not常简缩为won't.在疑问句中,主语为第一人称
(I和well)时,常用助动词shall.
第一人称肯定式I/We will go.否定式I/will not go.疑问式Shall/we go ?
第二人称肯定式You not go.否定式You will not go.疑问句Will you go?
第三人称肯定式He/She/It/They will go.否定式He/She/It/They will not go.
疑问式Will he/she/it/they go?
注:(1)在书面语中,主语式第一人称(I和we)时,常用助动词shall+动词原形.例如:
I shall write you a letter next month.
We shall be very please to see you.
(2)在表示”带意愿色彩的将来“时,常用will.例如:
I will tell you all about it.
(3)在问对方是否愿意,或表示客气的邀请或命令时,常用will.例如:
Will you go to the zoo with me?
Will you please open the window?
(4)在表示建议或者征求对方意见时,可用shall.例如:
Shall we go at the ten?
Shall we get some food?
2)用”be going to+动词原形“表示将要发生的的事或打算,计划,决定要作的事情.
例如:
What are you going to next Sunday?下星期你打算干什么？
They're going to meet outside the school gate.他们打算在校门口见面.
We're not going to have any classes next week.下一周我们不上课.
五.句子的成分(Members of the sentence)
组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分,即:主语.谓语.表语.宾语.宾语补足语.定语和状语.
主语和谓语是句子的主体部分.表语、宾语、宾语补足语都是谓语里的组成部分
主语(The Subject) 表示句子所说的是什么人或什么事物,一般由名词 代词或相当于
名词的短语等充当.例句:Lucy is an American girl.
We study in No.1 Middle School.
谓语(The Predicate)说明主语”做什么“,”是什么“或者是怎么样.谓语(谓语部分里
主要是词)用动词.谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致.例如:We love China.
Mike hope to be a doctor.His parents are farmers.She is singing.
表语(The Predicative) 说明主语是什么或者怎么样,由名词、形容词或相当于名词
或形容词的词或短语等充当，和连系动词一起构成谓语。例句:Her aunt is a driver.
宾语(The Object)表示动作或行为的对象,由名词,代词或相当于名词的词,短语等
充当,和及物动词一起说明主语做什么.例句:He often helps me.
We study English at school. Did you see him yesterday?
定语(The Attribute)用来休息名词或代词.做定语的除形容词外,还有代词,数词,名词
介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等.例句:The black bike is mine.
We have four lessons in the morning.What's your name.please?
状语(The Adverbial)用来修饰动词,形容词或副词.一般表示行为发生的时间,地点
目的,方式,程度等意义,通常由副词,介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等来表示
例句:People are all working hard.It is very nice.
We had a meeting this afternoon.
六.句子的种类(Kings of Sentence)
1.四种疑问句(Four Kind of Question)
选择疑问句(The Alternative Question)
提出两种或两种以上的情况,要求对方选择一种,这种疑问句叫选择疑问句.它的机构
是一般疑问句加or加一般疑问句,但常把后一部分里面和前一部分相同的成分省略.说
是or前面部分用声调,后面用降调.如:Is her brother a adoctor or a teacher?
Would you like tea or coffee?Shall we go to the cinema on Saturday or on sunday?
反意疑问句(The Tag Question)
反意疑问句表示提问者有一定的主见,但没有把握,希望对方来证实.
反意疑问句由两部分组成,前一部分是对事物的陈述,后一部分是简单的提问.如果前一部分
用肯定的形式,后一部分一般用否定的形式;前一部分用否定的形式,后一部分久用肯定的形式
两部分的人称和时态要一致.
反意疑问句陈述的部分用降调.后办部分可升可降.提问者对陈述部分把握较大时,后半部分用
降调;把握不大时,用降调.The weather here is very cold,isn't it?
You're from Australia,aren't you? Yes,I am .
对反意疑问句的回答,不管问题的提法如何,若事实是肯定的,就要用Yes,事实是否定的,就要
用no.这和汉语不一样,应该注意.如:
He isn't going to the meeting,is he?它不去参加会是吗?
Yes,he is.不,他要去的.
No ,he isn't.对他不起.
2.感叹句(The Exclamatory Sentence)
感叹句多用how和what引起.how 和what与所修饰的词放在句首,其他部分用陈诉语气.在口语
中谓语常省略
(1)how作状语,修饰形容词,副词和动词.如:
How cold it is today!
How delicious they are!
How beautiful the flowers are!
How I miss you!
(2)what作定语,修饰名词(名词前可由其他定语),单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a(an).如:
What a good idear!
What a beautiful day!
What a happy woman!
感叹句用来表示强烈的感情.句末要用感叹号!,读时要用降调.在口语中常用省略句.后面的
主语和谓语往往省略,由时候只用一个词或者是词组.如:How cold! Wonderful!
（三）
一、动词(Verbs)
1.现在完成时(The Present Perfect Tense)
(1)现在完成时的构成
现在完成时由“助动词have(has)+过去分词”构成。现以动词work为例，
将现在完成时的肯定式、否定式和疑问式
以及简略答语列表如下：
肯定式
I/You have worked。
He/She/It has worked。
We/You/They have worked。
否定式
I/You have not worked。
He/She/It has not worked。
We/You/They have not worked。
疑问式和简略回答
Have I/you worked？Yes，you/I have。No，you/I have not。
Has he/she/it worked？Yes，he/she/it has。No，he/she/it has not。
Have we/you/they worked？Yes，you/we/they have。No，you/we/they have not。
注：规则动词的过去分词的构成与动词过去式相同
(2)现在完成时的用法
表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
Have you had your lunch yet？Yes，I have。I've just had it。
I have already posted the photos。
表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段
时间的状语连用。表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词。
I haven't seen her these days.
I've known LiLei for three years.
I've been at this school for over two years.
They have lived here since .
How long have you worked in this library?
She has taught us since I came to this school.
现在完成时可以和already，never，just，before，yet 等状语连用。
Have you ever eaten fish and chips?
I've just lost my science book.
I've never been to that farm before.
I haven't learned the word yet.
have(has)been和have(has)gone的区别：
have(has) been 表示“曾经到过某地”，have(has)gone 表示“已经去过某地了”
Where has he been? 他刚才跑到哪去了？
Where has he gone？他到哪去了？
She has been to Shanghai。她到过上海。
She has gone to Shanghai。她到上海去了。
注：非延续性动词在否定结构中可用现在完成时，如：
I haven't bought anything for two months。
(3)现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和表示
过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday，last night，three weeks ago，in 1990等，而一般过去时只表示过去
动作或状态，和现在不发生关系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：
I have seen the film。我看过这部电影。
I saw the film last week。我上星期看了这个电影。
He has lived here since 1992。1992年以来他一直住在这里。
He lived here in 1992。 1992年他住在这里。
2.过去将来时(The Futere-in-the-Past Tense)
(1)过去将来时由“助动词would+动词圆形”构成。would常缩略为‘d。
(2)过去将来时的用法
过去将来时表示过去的某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用在宾语从句中。如：
I didn't know if she would come。
I wasn't sure whether he would do it。
Wang Lei said that she would visit her uncle next Saturday。
过去将来时也可以用“was(were) going to +动词原形”来表示。如：
I didn't know if she was going to come。
Wang Lei said that she was going to visit her uncle next Saterday。
3.过去完成时(The Past Perfect Tense)
(1).过去完成时的构成
过去完成时由“助动词had(用于各种人称和数)+过去分词”构成
(2).过去完成时的用法
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”
表示过去某一时间可用by，before等构成的短语，也可用when，before等引导的从句或者通过上下文表示。
例句
By the end of the match ,they had scored two goals and we had scored four.
We had reached the station before ten o'clock.
When I got there ,you had already started playing .
We did as he had told us.
He said he had never seen such an exciting match before .
By the time we got there,the bus had already gone.
4.动词不定式(The Ivnfinitive)
(1)动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，有时可以不带to，动词不定式(或不定式短语)没有人称和数的变化。
在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍保持动词的特点。即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语
构成不定式短语。如：to read the newspaper，to speak at the meeting等
(2)动词不定式具有名词，形容词和副词的特征，因此在句中可以作主语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语、定语，状语
作宾语
She wanted to borrow my CD player.
They began to read and write。
作状语
She went to see her grandma last Sunday。
He came to give us a talk yesterday。
作宾语补足语
Lucy asked him to turn down the radio。
She asked me to speak louder。
She found him to be a very good pupil。
作定语
Have you got anything to say？
I had something to eat this morning。
作主语
To learn a foreign language is not easy。
To play in the street is danerous.
(3)动词不定式的否定形式
由“not+动词不定式”构成。如：
Tell him not to be late。
The policeman told the boys not to play in the street。
(4)动词不定式和疑问句连用
动词不定式亏和疑问句what，which，how，where，when等连用，构成不定式短语。
如：The question is when to start。
I don't know where to go。
He showed me how to use a computer。
Nobody told us what to do。
(5)不带to的情况
有一些动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式通常不带to，这种动词有两类；一类是感觉动词，如see,
hear，watch，feel，notice等，如：
I saw him come。我看见他来了。
I heard him sing。我听见他唱歌了。
另一类是某些使役动词，如make，let，have等，如：
Let him go。让他走吧
They made the children work 12 hours a day。
他们强迫孩子们一天干12小时。
动词help后的不定式可带to，也可不带to。
5.被动语态。(The Passive Voice)
(1)主动语态和被动语态
英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态(The Active Voice)和被动语态(The Passive Voice)
Many people speak English.(主动语态)
English is spoken by many people。(被动语态)
(2)被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有人称，数和时态的变化，其变化
规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。现以动词ask为例子，将一般现在时和一般过去时被动语态的
肯定式，否定式及疑问式列表如下：
一般现在时
肯定式
I am asked…… You are asked…… He/She is asked……
We are asked…… You are asked…… They are asked……
否定式
I am not asked…… You are not asked…… He/She is not asked……
We are not asked…… You are not asked…… They are not asked……
疑问式
Am I asked……？ Are you asked……？ Is he/She asked……？
Are we asked……？ Are you asked……？ Are they asked……？
一般过去时
肯定式
I was asked…… You were asked…… He/She was asked……
We were asked…… You were asked…… They were asked……
否定式
I was not asked…… You were not asked…… He/She was not asked……
We were not asked…… You were not asked…… They were not asked……
疑问式
was I asked……？ were you asked……？ was he/She asked……？
were we asked……？ were you asked……？ were they asked……？
(3)含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。如：
This bicycle can be mended in two hour。
This trees may be planted in spring。
The room must be kept clean。
The flowers should be watered often。
(4)被动语态的用法
当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时，或者只需强调动作的
承受者时，需要被动语态。如：
This jacket is made of cotton。
English is spoken in Canada。
二、宾语从句(The Object Clause)
宾语从句在复合句中作主语的宾语，宾语从句通常作主语的宾语，宾语从句通常由下面一些词引导
1.由that引导(that在口语或非正式文体中常省略)，如：
He said that he would like to see the headmaster.
She said that she would leave a message on his desk .
He knew that he should work hard .
He said that he might fall behind the other students.
He was afraid that he would forget his Chinese.
2.由连接代词或连接副词引导，如：
Do you know what he has said ?
I don't remember when we arrived ?
I asked him where I could get so much money?
Can you tell me which class you are in ?
The children did not know who Father Christmas was.
3.由连词whether或if引导( 口语中常用if)
Lily wanted to knew if/wheher her grandma liked the handbag。
She asked me if she could borrow there books。
三、定语从句(The Attributive Clause)
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句，如：
(1)The man who lives next to us is a policeman
(2)You must do everything that I do .
上面两句中的man和everything 是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词有关系代词what，which，who，(宾格whom，所有格whose)和关系副词
where，when，关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，同时又作定语从句的
一个成分。
由关系代词引导的定语从句
that在从句中作主语或宾语
指物
A plane is a machine that can fly。(作主语)
The noodles that I cooked were delicious。(作宾语)
指人
Who is the man that is reading the book over there？(作主语)
The girl that we saw yesterday was Jim's sister。(作宾语)
which在从句中作主语和宾语。
指物
The silk which is produced in Hangzhou sells well。(作主语)
The song which the Beatles sang were very popular。(作宾语)
who，whom在从句中分别作主语和宾语
指人
The foreigner who visit our class yesterday is form Canada。(作主语)
The boy who broke the window is called Roy。(作主语)
The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li。(作宾语)
Mrs Evans is the person to whom you should write。(作宾语)
四、状语从句(Adverbial clause)
在复合句中，修饰主句的动词，形容词或副词等的从句叫做状语从句，状语从句根据它表达的意思可分为
时间，原因，条件，比较，目的，结果和让步等类。
时间
由as，after，as soon as，before，since，until，when，whenever，while等连词引导。
As he explored the sea,he took a lot of picture.
As soon as he arrived in France ,he called me.
He has been in Shanghai since he was born.
Don't come in until you are called.
Whenever we're in truble,he'll help us .
While I was watching TV,the bell rang.
原因
由as，because，since，等连词引导
I didn't go surfing,because it was too cold.
As the car is expensive ,we can't buy it .
Since he was busy ,he didn't come.
条件
由if，unless等连词引导
If you travel in India,you can use English everywhere.
I won't pass the exam unless I work hard.
比较
由as(so)……as，than等引导
Canoeing is not as(so) interesting as sailing (is).
Li Lei swims better than Jim (does).
结果
由so……that，等引导
He was so weak that he couldn't walk on.
目的
由so ，so that等引导
We'll sit near the front so we can hear the speaker better.
He sat in the dark so that he couldn't be seen.
让步
由although，even though等引导
Although the traffic was heavy ,we got to the railway station on time.
Even though he is eighty,he looks strong and healthy.
篇4：初中英语语法
初中英语语法整理归纳
初中必备英语语法：八种宾语从句不省略that
引导宾语从句的that在下列情况下一般不省略：
1.宾语从句前有插入语。如：
We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us.恰恰相反，我们希望他和我们呆在家里。
2.有间接宾语时。如：
He told me that he was leaving for Japan.他告诉我他要去日本。
3. that在与之并列的另一个宾语从句之后。如：
He said (that) the book was very interesting and that(不省略) all the children like to read it.他说那本书很有趣，所有小孩都喜欢读。
4.在“it(形式宾语)+补语”之后时。如：
I think it necessary that he should stay here.我们认为他有必要留在这里。
5. that从句单独回答问题时。如：
—What did he hear?他听说了什么事?
—That Kate had passed the exam. (他听说)凯特考试及格了。
6.在except等介词后。如：
He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.他除了抽烟太多之外,没有什么特别的毛病。
7.位于句首时。如：
That our team will win, I believe.我相信我们队会赢。
8.在较为正式或不常用的动词(如reply, object)后。如：
He replied that he disagreed.他回答说他不同意。
最新初中英语语法大全：同位语从句学习指要
当名词后面所接的从句表示与名词同位并为名词的实际内容时，这个从句就是同位语从句。如：
The news that China has joined the WTO excite us all. 中国加入了世界贸易组织这一消息使我们大家兴奋不已。
He told us the truth that he fell down from his bike this afternoon.他告诉了我们他从单车上摔下来这一真相。
同位语中应注意：
1.高中所学能带同位语从句的名词不多，常见的有：answer, belief, conclusion, decision, discovery, doubt, explanation, fact, hope, idea, information, knowledge, law, message, news, opinion, order, possibility, problem, promise, proof, proposal, question, report, risk, rumor, story, suggestion, truth, theory, thought, wish, word等。如：
Hw sent us a message that he won’t come next week.他送信来告诉我们说，下周他不来了。
There is no doubt that he is fit for this job.毫无疑问，它适合这一工作。
2.表示“命令、建议、要求” advice, demand, decision, desire, idea, insistence, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish等名词的同位语，须用虚拟语气。如：
He made clear his desire that he should work hard to go to college.他已清楚的表明了他要努力学习考上大学这一愿望。
Soon came the order that all the people should obey the rules.不久命令下来了，所有的人不得违犯制度。
3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
同位语从句与定语从句形相似而实质不同，具体表现在以下几个方面：
(1)被修饰的词不同。同位语从句的前面一般是数量有限的、表示抽象意义的名词;而定语从句的先行词是无数的指人或物名词。
(2)从句的作用不同。同位语从句表示同位名词的具体内容;而定语从句是对先行词—名词的限制、描绘或说明。
(3)引导词的'作用不同。引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不担任任何成分，但不能省略;而引导定语从句的that为关系代词，在从句中担任句子的某种成分，当担任定语从句中的宾语时，that可以省略。
(4)引导词不同。定语从句不能用what, how, whether引导;而同位从句可以用what, how, whether引导。
(5)判定定语从句和同位语从句的方法。同位语从句可充当同位名词的表语;而定语从句不能充当先行词的表语。
最新初中英语语法：if与whether的10点区别
1.引导主语从句并在句首时不用if。如：
Whether we go there is not decided.我们是否去那里还没决定。
2.引导表语从句时不用if。如：
The question is whether we can get there on time.问题是我们能否按时到达那里。
3.引导同位语从句时不用if。如：
He asked me the question whether the work was worth doing.他问我这个问题，那项工作是否值得做。
4.在介词后引导宾语从句不用if。如：
I’m thinking about whether we’ll have a meeting.我在考虑我们是否要开个会。
5.直接与not连用时不用if。如：
I don’t know whether or not you will go.我不知道你是否去。
6.宾语从句置于句首时不用if。如：
Whether you have met George before, I can’t remember.我不记得你以前是否见过乔治。
7.在discuss等之后时不用if。如：
We’re discussing whether we’ll go on a picnic.我们在讨论是否要去野餐。
8.当用if会引起歧义时不用if。如：
Please let me know whether you are busy.请告诉我你是否忙。(若用if，还可理解为“如果你很忙，你就告诉我。”
9.在动词不定式前用whether不用if。如：
He doesn’t know whether to go or not.他不知道是否去。
10.宾语从句是否定式时不用whether。如：
She asked me if Tom didn’t come.她问我Tom是不是没有来。
篇5：初中英语语法
初中英语语法归纳
基本概念：与汉语相似，英语句子是由主语(subject)，谓语动词(verb)，宾语(object)，表语(predicative)，状语(adverbial)，宾语补足语(objectcomplement)等成分组成，按照这些成分的组合方式英语句子可分为五种基本句型。
返回：初中英语句型结构知识点详解
初中宾语从句知识点：宾语从句的语法意义及结构
宾语从句的`语法意义及结构
语法意义：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。宾语从句通常由连词(that, whether, if)、连接代词(which, what, who, whose, whom)或连接副词(where, how, when, why)等引导。及物动词、介词或某些系表结构后可带宾语从句。
句型结构：主语+谓语+引导词+主语+谓语(+其他成分)
返回：初中英语知识点详解――宾语从句篇
篇6：初中英语语法
1.1 一般现在时的用法
1)经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如：
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。
2)客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
3)表示格言或警句。例如：
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如：
比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。
第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。
返回动词的时态目录
1.2 一般过去时的用法
1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。
2)表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
3)句型：It is time for sb. to do sth ”到……时间了“ ”该……了“。例如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。 It is time that sb. did sth. ”时间已迟了“ ”早该……了“ ，例如It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。 would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。例如：I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。例如：I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
2)情态动词 could, would。例如：
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车，能借用一些吗?
1.3 used to / be used to
used to + do：”过去常常“表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。例如：
Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。
be used to + doing： 对……已感到习惯，或”习惯于\"，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。
1.4 一般将来时
1)shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗?
2)be going to +不定式，表示将来。
a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢?
b. 计划，安排要发生的事。例如：The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。
c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。
3)be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
4)be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。例如：
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
1.5 be going to / will 用于条件句时，be going to表将来,will表意愿。
1.6 be to和be going to
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。
1.7 一般现在时表将来
1)下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
2)以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。
3)在时间或条件句中。例如：
When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。
4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如：
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。
11.8 用现在进行时表示将来
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。
11.9 现在完成时
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：have (has) +过去分词。
1.10 比较一般过去时与现在完成时
1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。
现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不确定的时间状语。
共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。
3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。
一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
相关阅读：初中英语学习方法
第一，词汇
首先是词汇。词汇在初中英语里是非常重要的，初中大部分英语成绩差的学生都是单词量太小造成的。不要说孩子已经背会了，如果孩子英语成绩迟迟提不上去，英语单词肯定会出现以下的某些或者某个情况：英语单词只会默写不会读、只会读不会默写、后面的背会了前面的忘了、背单词只是表面功夫根本没有记熟练只是模棱两可。
所以初中英语一对一在线辅导，采用一对一的授课方式，帮助孩子重复记单词，就算一次性记不住也没关系，通过每天给孩子提供一个英语学习环境就行，让孩子潜移默化地掌握所需的词汇量，学习起来也没那么吃力。
第二，语法
其次是语法。初中的英语语法很多，并不是说每一个都让孩子背会背熟，只是基本的要清楚的知道。比如正在进行时的意思和搭配、过去式的意思和搭配、现在完成时的意思和搭配、将来时的意思和搭配，这些在课文中出现的频率很高，这些都是学生很容易混淆的点，也是失分的重要原因。
而初中英语一对一在线辅导，主要是通过加强练习的方式，让学生在阅读题中掌握语法，我觉得比课堂上单纯的语法讲解要更容易接受。做题练手，熟能生巧，做的题目多了，语法自然就巩固了。
第三，阅读
然后是阅读。也是初中英语最容易拿分的部分。有些老师让学生背课文，当然了是非常好的，但是并不是学生都要背，如果孩子能够自然理解文章的释义，并且理解文章的每一次每一句，基本上这篇文章也就掌握了。
而初中英语培训，一般是通过阅读和英文电影、英文歌来帮助学员锻炼语感的。但现在有一些初中英语一对一在线辅导班，有着丰富的外籍教师资源，给学生们一个最地道的英语学习环境去培养英语语感。久而久之孩子就会形成语感，语感形成之后，英语也就上了一个层次。
第四，听力。
最后一部分是听力，也是初中英语最难掌握的一部分。如果说以上部分都能靠初中生自学而成，那么听力也不是短时间就能习得的。这里请记住，千万别逃避英语学习的任何问题，不懂就得弄懂。因此要抓住听力短板，并且记住错误的原因与包含的知识点，相信经过一段时间之后，孩子的英语也会提升不小。
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