时态 (人教版高三英语上册教学论文)

下面是小编收集整理的时态 (人教版高三英语上册教学论文)，本文共12篇，仅供参考，希望能够帮助到大家。本文原稿由网友“zhoengsdrb”提供。

篇1：时态 (人教版高三英语上册教学论文)

时态

英语动词的形式：

英语的时态是通过动词的变化来体现的。因此，了解动词的形式及其变化规律非常重要。英语的实义动词有以下五种形式：

(1) 动词原形：动词原形在句子中形式不变。主要用于主语为非第三人称单数的一般现在时，情态动词之后，或根据语法规定必须用动词原形的其他情况。

(2) 一般现在时第三人称单数形式（简称现单三）：主要用于主语为第三人称单数的一般现在时。

(3) 过去式：主要用于一般过去时。

(4) 现在分词：主要用于进行时态，或语法规定的其他情况。

(5) 过去分词：主要用于完成时态，或语法规定的其他情况。

这里提到的“语法规定的其他情况”以后会详细介绍。

下面把这些动词形式的构成说明一下。

动词一般现在时第三人称单数（现单三）的构成，见下表：

词尾变化（规律与名词变复数相同，读音也与名词复数相同） 举例

一般加-s help---________; read---_________

在ch, sh, s, x 或元音字母o后面加-es do--- __________, fix---__________,

pass---__________, push---___________, teach ---_____________

以辅音字母加y结尾的词，变y为i再加-es try--- _________, study ---_______________

动词过去式和过去分词，大多数是动词原形+ ed 构成，这是规则动词。规则动词的拼写和读音规则如下表：

词尾变化 举例

动词后面加-ed help---______ work---_______

Watch---____________

want--___________ need---__________

Turn---___________ play--_____________

以不发音的“e”结尾的词，加-d Love---__________Serve---__________

结尾是辅音字母+y时，y变i，再加-ed Study---_________ Try---____________

结尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写辅音字母再加-ed Stop---___________ Drop---____________

不规则动词的过去式和过去分词有其特殊变化形式，需要个别记忆.

现在分词一律由动词原形加-ing构成，规则如下表：

词尾变化 举例

一般加-ing Look--_________, try---______________

以不发音的e结尾的词，去掉e，再加-ing Write---___________, dance---___________

以一个辅音字母（x除外）词尾的重读闭音节词，先双写词尾的辅音字母，再加-ing Begin---___________, swim---____________,

Run---__________, sit---_____________

以-ie结尾的词，变ie为y，再加-ing Die---_____________, lie---__________

“时态”就是通过动词的形态变化，来表达动作发生的时间（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）及所处的状态（一般、进行、完成、完成进行）。

比如在“They are doing their exercises.”这个句子中，动词由原形do 变成are doing 的形态，说明这个事情是发生在现在、并处于正在进行的状态当中，所以叫现在进行时；

在“They have done their exercises.”这句中，动词由原形do 变成have done的形态，说明这个事情是发生在现在、并处于完成的状态，所以叫现在完成时；

在“They always do their exercises.”中，动词用原形do 的形态，说明这个事情是发生在现在、并且是一般情况下永远如此，所以叫一般现在时。

在这三句话中，动词do 虽然用了不同的形态，其意义没有变化，而是事情发生的时间和状态变了。其余类推。

常用的时态有12个：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时。其他时态很少单独使用。

下面我们把各种时态的构成和用法做一个全面的介绍。

1、一般现在时

（1）构成：通常以动词原形表示。主语为第三人称单数时，用现单三形式。

动词be和do各人称的单数形式为：

第一人称单数 第二人称单数 第三人称单数

Do do do does

Be Am Are is

（2）用法：

1）一般现在时表示现状、性质、状态和经常的或习惯性的动作。

He ______(have) an uncle.

It _______(be) fine today.

You __________ (look) pale.

He ________ (be) good at music.

He ______________ (know) a lot of English.

这些动词可与often, usually, always, sometimes, every day, once a week, on Sundays, never 等表示经常性或习惯性的时间状语连用。例如：

Do you often go to the cinema? 你经常去看电影吗？

He always helps others. 他总是帮助别人。

Tom does not study as hard as Jane. 汤姆在学习方面不如简努力。

My father never takes a bus; he walks to his office.我父亲从来不坐公共汽车，他走着去上班。

2）一般现在时表示客观现实或普遍真理。

Japan ________ (lie) to the east of China.

The sun _________ (rise) in the east.

A horse _______(be) a useful animal.

Water ________(boil) at 100℃.

October 1st ___________(be) our National Day. 十月一日是我们的国庆节。

3）少数动词如go, come, leave, arrive, begin, start, be 等的一般现在时可以表示按规定、计划或安排预计要发生的事情。

The plane _____________ at six past five. 飞机将于六点零五分起飞。

Tomorrow ____________ Sunday. 明天是星期天。

Our summer vacation _______________ in early July. 我们的暑假七月初开始。

4）在时间和条件状语从句中, 用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

I’ll let you know as soon as I __________ from him. 我一接到他的信就告诉你。

He’ll go if it _________ fine tomorrow. 如果明天天气好，他就去。

I shall be away when he _____________. 等他到了我就不在了。

We shall not begin the discussion until he __________. 等他来了，我们再开始讨论。

5）在某些以here, there 开头的句子中用一般现在时表示现在发生的动作。

Here comes the bus. 汽车来了。

There goes the bell. 铃响了。

Here they come. 他们来了。

6）在进行体育比赛过程中解说员叙述迅速、短暂动作时，可用一般现在时表示正在进行的或刚刚发生的动作。例如：

Bater passes the ball to Yao Ming. Yao shoots？A fine shot! 巴特尔把球传给姚明，姚明投篮，好球！

7）在戏剧、电影等的剧本或图片的说明文字中，可用一般现在时表示动作。例如：

When the curtain rises, Juliet is sitting at her desk. The phone rings. She picks it up and listens quietly. 幕启，朱丽叶坐在桌旁。电话铃响，她拿起听筒，静静地听着。

2、现在进行时

（1）构成：由助动词be ＋ 现在分词构成。其中be有人称和数的变化，有三种形式：第一人称单数用am, 第三人称单数用is, 其他用are。

现在进行时的否定式是：直接在助动词be后面加上not；疑问式是：把助动词be提到主语之前。以study 为例：

否定式 疑问式

I am not studying Am I studying?

You are not studying, Are you studying?

He is not studying. Is he studying?

（2）用法：

1）现在进行时表示说话时正在发生或进行着的动作。例如：

I _______________ (write) a letter. 我正在写信。

They ________________(learn) English. 他们正在学习英语。

It ______________ (rain) now. 现在在下雨。

2）有些动词，如come, go, leave, return, arrive, begin, start等，它们的现在进行时可表示不远的将来要发生的事情。例如：

Flight 1095 ______________ soon. 第1095号航班马上要着陆了。

I know the end _________________. 我知道马上就要结束了。

Mary ______back from her visit to Shanghai. 玛丽很快就要从上海访问回来了。

3）现在进行时常与always, continually, constantly 等副词连用，表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作。这种用法常表示说话人的某种感情，如赞扬、遗憾、讨厌或不满等。例如：

比较下列句子：

He always asks questions. You always say that sort of thing.

He is always asking questions. You are always saying that sort of thing.

3、一般过去时

（1）构成：一般过去时通常由动词过去式表示。一般过去时的否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式要用助动词do 的过去式did, 同时注意实义动词要用原形。以study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：

否定式 疑问式

I did not (didn’t) study…. Did I study…?

You did not (didn’t) study…. Did you study…?

He did not (didn’t) study…. Did he study…?

（2）用法：一般过去时动词主要表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内发生的动作或情况，其中包括习惯性动作，通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。

The train _______________ (arrive) ten minutes ago. 火车十分钟前就到了。

What time_ you ___ (get) up yesterday morning? 昨天早晨你是什么时候起床的？

He always ________ (go) to work by bus. 他过去老乘车去上班。

4、现在完成时

（1）构成：现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成，助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has，其余用have.

现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：

否定式 疑问式

I have not (haven’t) studied…. Have I studied…?

You have not (haven’t) studied…. Have you studied…?

He has not (hasn’t) studied…. Has he studied…?

（2）用法：

1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。而一般过去时也表示动作已经完成，但强调的是过去发生了某一动作这样一个事实。有的同学觉得这种说法比较难以理解，因为任何过去的动作对现在都有影响，很难判断用一般过去时或现在完成时。事实上，这种说法没有把现在完成时与一般过去时的根本区别说清楚。如果没有说明动作发生的具体时间，则一般用现在完成时；如果说明了动作发生的具体时间，带有表示过去的时间状语，则用一般过去时。例如：

My daughter _____________ (go) out. 我女儿刚出去。

I’m sure we ______________ (meet) before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。

She _____________________(arrive). 她到了。

2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如today, these days, recently, lately, for…, since…, in the last/past two weeks/years/days/months, just 等。如：

I _______________(hear) from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。

We _____________________ (see) you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。

They __________________ (be away) for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。

She __________________________ (be with us) since Monday.

她从星期一就一直和我们在一起。

注意：

1）表示短暂意义的动词如open, go, come, die, arrive, leave, lose, fall等，在完成时当中不能和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说：

×He has come here for 2 weeks.

×The old man has died for 4 months.

×They have left only for 5 minutes.

以上三句话可以改为：

It’s two weeks since he came here. He has been here for 2 weeks.

It’s 4 months since the old man died.

They have been away only for 5 minutes

2）have (has) been 和have (has) gone的区别：表示“曾到过某地”要用 “have (has) been”; 表示“已经去某地”要用 “have (has) gone”。试比较：

他刚才到哪里去了？（已经回来了）

Where has he been?

Where has he gone?

他上哪儿去了？（人不在）

Where has he been?

Where has he gone?

They have been to Canada.

_______________________________________

They have gone to Canada.

_______________________________________.

3）现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in 等连用， 但可以和不明确指出时间的状语，如already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。例如：

She has already come. 她已经来了。

I haven’t read it yet. 我还没读过这个。

I have met him before. 我从前曾见过他。

Ma Hong has always been a good student. 马红一直是个好学生。

I have often seen him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他。

They have never been to Yan’an. 他们从未去过延安。

I haven't seen him lately. 我近来没看到他。

5、现在完成进行时

（1）构成： have/has been + 动词的现在分词

（2）用法：

1）表示动作从过去开始一直延续到现在，可能刚刚终止，也可能仍然在进行。

I’ve been waiting for you since eight o’clock in the morning.

It has been raining for three hours.

What book have you been reading recently?

2）有些动词不能用于现在进行时，如be, have, like, love, know, see, hear等，这些词同样也不能用于现在完成进行时。如：

I haven’t seen you for ages. 我好久没见到你了。

I have loved her for a long time. 我一直爱她。

I have known him for a long time. 我认识他很久了。

3）现在完成时表示到现在为止已经完成的动作，强调结果；而现在完成进行时强调动作的持续性，强调“一直”，往往表示动作仍未结束。如：

我一直在读这本小说。（我仍然在读） ____________________________

我已读过两本小说。（可能刚读过，也可能很久以前读的）

____________________________________________

我一直都在写信。_____________________________

我已经写完三封信了。__________________________

6、过去进行时

（1）构成：由助动词be 的过去式 ＋ 现在分词构成。其中be有人称和数的变化，第一、第三人称单数用was，其他用were.

（2）用法：

1）过去进行时动词主要表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或持续进行的动作。过去进行时经常与过去时配合使用。例如：

This time yesterday, we were having an English lesson.

The teacher was giving us a lesson when Tom walked into the room.

While we were having supper, all the lights went out.

7、过去完成时

（1）构成：一律用had + 过去分词构成。

（2）用法：

1）表示发生在过去某一时间或动作之前的事情，即“过去的过去”。用过去完成时，必须有一个过去的时间或动作来作参照，说明在此之前某事已发生。如果两个动作都是在过去发生的，先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时。例如：

She ______ (tell) me she __________(be) there three times before. 她告诉我她以前到过那里三次。

When we _________ (arrive), the football match ______________ (begin). 我们到的时候，足球赛已经开始了。

She ___________ (visit) China twice before she __________ (come) this year. 她今年来中国之前已访问过中国两次了。

8、一般将来时

一般将来时动词表示将来发生的动作或情况。主要有以下几种表现形式：

（1）shall/will + 动词原形

表示单纯的将来，不涉及主语的主观意愿。第一人称I, we用shall 或will，其余用will. 其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：

否定式 疑问式

I shall/will not study…. Shall I study…?

You will not study…. Will you study…?

He will not study…. Will he study…?

否定疑问式 简单回答（肯定/否定）

Shall I not (shan’t i) study…? Yes, you will. No, you won’t.

Will you not (Won’t you) study…? Yes, I shall/will. No, I shan’t/won’t.

Will he not (Won’t he) study….? Yes, he will. No, he won’t.

例如：

I shall be twenty years old next year. 我明年二十岁。

The sky is black. I think it will rain. 天黑下来了。我想可能会下雨。

You will meet him at the station this afternoon. 你下午会在车站碰到他。

The train will arrive soon. 火车快要到了。

When shall we see you next time? 我们下次什么时候能看见你呢？

He probably won’t go with us. 他大概不能和我们一起去。

注意：

1）shall, will的缩写形式为’ll, 如I’ll, you’ll, he’ll 和she’ll等。

2）will 用于第一人称时，可以表示将来的意愿、决心、允诺、命令等；shall用于第二、三人称时，可以表示说话人的将来的意愿。例如：

I will give you a new pen for your birthday. 我将送你一支新钢笔作为生日礼物。（允诺）

I will take the college entrance examination. 我将参加大学入学考试。（决心）

Shall I open the window? 我打开窗户好吗？（征求允诺）

You shall have the book as soon as I get it. 我一拿到书就给你。（说话人的允诺）

The enemy shall not pass. 决不让敌人通过。（说话人的保证）

I will do my best to help you. 我愿意尽力帮助你。（意愿）

Nobody shall be late for the meeting. 任何人开会都不能迟到。（说话人的命令）

（2）be going + 动词不定式

1）这种结构表示主体现在打算在最近或将来要做某事。这种打算往往是事先考虑好的。例如：

My brother is going to learn English next year. 我哥哥准备明年学英语。

I am going to meet Tom at the station at six. 我六点钟要到火车站去接汤姆。

She is not going to be there. 她不会到那儿去的。

When are you going to finish your work? 你的工作什么时候做完？

He is going to stay a week. 他准备呆一星期。

We are going to call a meeting to discuss it. 我们准备开个会来讨论一下。

2）这种结构还可以表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为非常可能即将发生某事。例如：

Look at these black clouds？it is going to rain. 看这些乌云？要下雨了。

I think it is going to snow. 我看要下雪。

I am afraid I am going to have a bad cold. 恐怕我要得重感冒。

注意：

1）will 和be going to 都可以表示某种意愿。例如：

I won’t (am not going to) tell you my age. 我不（愿意）告诉你我的年龄。

be going to 和will在含义和用法上略有不同。Be going to往往表示事先经过考虑的打算；will多表示意愿，决心。有时不能互换。例如：

I have bought some bricks and I am going to build a kitchen with them.我买了些砖，我要用它们盖个厨房。（不能用will替换）

Can somebody help me? ？I will. 谁能帮我一些吗？―？我来。（不能用be going to替换）

2）be going to 可用于条件从句，表示单纯的将来；will则不能。例如：

If you are going to go to the cinema this evening, you’d better take your umbrella with you. 你若今晚去看电影，最好带着雨伞。

（3）be to + 动词原形，表示安排、命令或肯定将会发生的事情；在问句中表示征求意见。如：

You are not to smoke in this room. 你不许在这个房间里抽烟。

In future you are not to go out alone. 将来你不许一个人出去。

The worst is still to come. 最糟糕的还在后面呢。

Tomorrow is still to come. 明天过了还有明天。

（4）be about + 动词不定式。这种结构表示正要、即将发生的事情。例如：

Let’s go in. The class is about to begin. 咱们进去吧。马上开始上课了。

They are about to get married. 他们即将结婚。

My book is about to be published. 我的书即将出版。

一般将来时的关键是记住表示将来的几种句型及其用法。

练习：

用be going to 或will.填空：

1）What are you doing with that spade? ？I ___ (plant) some trees.

2）This is a terribly heavy box. ？I ___ (help) you carry it.

3) I’ve left my watch upstairs. ？I ___ (go) and get it for you.

4) Who will post this letter for me? ？I ____.

5) She has bought a length of cloth; she ____ (make) herself a dress.

二、关于动词时态的几点说明

1、一般不用进行时的动词，它们用一般现在时表示现在进行时

（1）表示心理状态的词：accept, agree, allow, believe, care, dislike, fear, forget, hate, know, like, love, mean, mind, need, prefer, realize, remember, respect, understand, want, wish等。还有 admit, decide, permit, promise, receive, refuse等。

I accept what you say. 我接受你说的话。

I don't agree to this proposal. 我不同意这个建议。

（2）感官动词和表示状态的动词一般不用进行时。系动词：如hear, look, notice, see, smell, sound, taste等词。表示状态的词：be, belong to, exist, have, remain, seem, stay等词。如：

I see him now; he’s talking to a girl.

The warships belong to the navy and the tanks belong to the army.

It sounds strange, but it is true.

2、时态的呼应

时态的呼应也叫时态的一致，是指在复合句中，某些从句（主要是宾语从句等名词性从句）的时态常受主句时态的影响，因而要注意主从句两部分的时态呼应。

（1）主句是现在时态或将来时时，从句可以用任何所需要的时态。

He says his father is/was/will be a teacher.

They will tell you that they are living/lived/will live/have lived in shanghai.

（2）主句是过去时态时，从句要在原来的时态的上加一个过去：

三、几个常用时态的比较

1、一般现在时与现在进行时

（1）一般现在时用以说明客观事实，或用于强调动作的永久性、经常或反复性。而现在进行时强调动作正在进行，因此它表示动作含有暂时性（即动作的持续时间是有限的）和未完成性。

The writer writes children’s stories. 那位作家是写儿童小说的。（说明客观事实）

The writer is now writing a story. 那位作家现在正在编写一个故事。

She is kind. 她很善良。（指她一贯心地善良）

She is being kind. 她现在显得很善良。（表示暂时性，平时她并不善良）

Tom types his own letters. 汤姆自己用打印机打信。（说明经常性）

Tom is typing his own letters today. 汤姆今天自己正在用打印机打信（表示暂时）

（2）有些动词，如：like, hate, believe, guess, know, mean, remember, hear, see, sound, seem等，不能用于进行时，即使表示说话时正在进行的动作也通常用一般现在时。如：

I know him. 我认识他。（不说：I am knowing him.）

Jenny likes this green coat.

某些动词既可用于一般现在时，又可用于现在进行时，但意义有所不同。试比较：

I feel (=think, believe) you are right/there’s something wrong. 我觉得（=认为、相信）你是对的/有点不对头。（这个意思不用进行时 ）

I’m feeling cold. 我觉得冷。

What are you thinking about? 你在想些什么。

What do you think of the idea? 你认为这个主意怎样？

某些表示身体感觉的词（如 hurt, ache, feel等），用一般现在时和现在进行时没有多大差别，只是进行时更生动、更有感情色彩。例如：

How do you feel today? (or: How are you feeling today?) 你今天的感觉怎样。

My head is aching. (or: My head aches.) 我头疼。

I feel cold.=I’m feeling cold. 我觉得冷。

（3）一般现在时说明事实，一般不带感情色彩；现在进行时与always, often, frequently等词连用时带有感情色彩。例如：

He always asks questions. 他总是提问题。（无感情色彩）

He is always asking questions. 他老爱提问题。（表示强烈的感情色彩）

Don’t be complaining all the time. 别老是抱怨个不停。

She’s always blaming others. 她总是在埋怨别人。

2、一般过去时与现在完成时

（1）一般过去时只是单纯说明过去的情况，和现在不发生联系，它可以确定的表示过去的时间状语连用。而现在完成时表示某一完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和具体的表示过去的时间状语连用。如：

I have lost my pen. 我把钢笔丢了。（还没有找到）

She lost her pen yesterday. 她昨天把钢笔丢了。（现在找到与否，没有说明）

（2）有些时间状语，如 this morning, tonight, this month等，既可以用于一般过去时，也可以用于完成时，但所表达的意义有所不同。用于现在完成时表示包括“现在 ”而用于一般过去时则与“现在”无关。例如：

I have read this book this April. 我今年四月份看过这本书。（讲话时仍是四月）

I read this book this April. 我今年四月份看过这本书。（讲话时四月已过）

I have written two letters this morning. 今天上午我写了两封信。（讲话时仍是上午）

I wrote two letters this morning. 今天上午我写了两封信。（讲话时是下午或晚上）

3、一般过去时与过去进行时

一般过去时表示过去发生的事情，往往表示动作已结束；而过去进行时侧重动作正在进行、未完成。试比较：

Mary wrote a letter to her friend last night. （信写完了）

Mary was writing a letter to her friend last night. （信不一定写完）

I read a novel last night. 昨天晚上我看了一本小说。（指已经看完了）

I was reading a novel last night. 昨天晚上我在看小说。（指看了一些）

4、一般过去时和过去完成时

（1）一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，而过去完成时表示在过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前。试比较：

The class had already begun when I came to school. 我来到学校时，已经开始上课。

He had gone home before I got to his office. 我到他办公室以前，他已回家了。

（2）有after或before引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，由于从句动作和主句动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，所以可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时：

He called on me soon after he had returned. 他回来不久便拜访我。也可以说：He called on me soon after he returned.

The train had left before I got to the station. 我到车站时,火车已经开走了。也可以说：The train left before I got to the station。

（3）描述一连串的过去动作，无需用过去完成时，例如：

He stood up, took his bag, put on his hat, left the room and went away.

She looked around but saw nothing.

由于汉语与英语表达时态的方式不同，中国人在学习和应用英语时经常犯时态错误，尤其是在写信、写电子邮件、写记叙文时。常见的时态错误类型有：时态不对应；通篇须用几种时态时用一种时态；时态混用或串用（如在描写过去的经历时，有时用现在时）；不用进行时。我们如果在日常口头交际中犯点时态错误，这在所难免，也可以理解。但是，在正式场合，如正式写作中，就不能允许出现时态错误，因为这是英语语法的基础。我们学习时态的目的，主要在于应用。因此，在使用英语，尤其是在写作时，一定要有时态意识，长此以往就能养成正确使用时态的习惯。

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇2：时态 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

时态

一、目标

本章要求学生掌握中学阶段常用的八种时态, 即：一般现在时, 一般过去时, 一般将来时, 现在进行时, 现在完成时, 过去完成时, 过去进行时, 过去将来时。

要求掌握时态的意义、各种时态的动词形式、与各种时态连用的时间状语以及一些时态的特殊意义。

二、重点及难点

八种时态的意义；现在完成时与一般过去时的区别；点性动词与线性动词；时态一致性。

三、方法

1．Do you know something about “tense”?

你知道“时态”是什么吗？

2．You are right. For example：

I'm working.我正在工作。

I worked yesterday.我昨天工作。

I will work.我将要工作。

How many tenses have you learned ?

你们学了几种时态？

3．Now let's have a discussion on every tense.

现在咱们分别讨论每个时态。

I think the present indefinite tense is the easiest tense of all． Do you know what it means ?

我想一般现在时是所有时态中最容易的, 你知道它的含义吗？

4．What's the form of the verb ?

谓语动词形式是什么样的？

5．Very good ! Do you know how to use “am, is, are”?

Here's a saying:

（I）我用 am（you）你用 are, is连着他、她、它。单数名词用is, 复数名词全用are。

Can you learn it by heart ?

你知道行为动词第三人称怎么变化吗？

6．Do you know what sound“s” or“es” makes ?

你知道“s”或“es”怎么发音吗？

你应当记住“清-清, 浊-浊, 元-浊”。现在我解释一下：

清-清 即：“s”或“es”之前的音素如 果是清辅音的话, “s”或“es”读作［K］（清）。

浊-浊 指“s”或“es”之前的音素如果是浊辅音的话, 则“s”或“es”读作［L］（浊）。

元-浊 如果“s”“es”之前是元音音素, 则它读作［L］（浊）。

你能想出几个例子吗？

7．一般现在时表示经常性动作或状态外, 常与什么副词连用呢？

8．一般现在时除表示经常性动作或状态外, 还有其他用法。它能表示将来时, 但它是有条件的, 这个条件有两种情况：A．是在条件状语从句中, 如果主句是一般将来时或一般现在时。B．是表示计划、打算、有规律动作。你能想出几个例子吗？

9．I think you have known something about the present indefinite tense. But I have one more point to tell you.

That is：Sometimes the present indefinite tense is used in the object clause when the past indefinte tense is used in the main sentence, Can you show me an example？

10．So much for the present indefinite tense. Let's come to the present continuous tense. Do you know the form of the verb when it is used as the present continuous tense？

11．You are right. Then what kind of adverbial is used？

那么用什么状语呢？

12．现在进行时有一个特殊的意义, 它可以表示将来发生的动作。但是这些动词必须是表示位置移动的单词。例如：go, come, start, leave 等。 Would you please give me two sentences？

13．Very good. Now shall we talk about the future indefinite tense？This kind of tense refers to an action that is going to happen in the future. Would you please say more？

14．一般将来时除去will do结构外, 还有其他结构, 也可表示将来时, 但注意这些结构有其他意义在里边。如： be going to do…表示动作将要发生, 表示主观打算。

be to do表示安排、计划好的动作, 表示命令、可能等意义。

be about to do…表示眼下即将发生……

Can you make some sentences？

15．The past indefinite tense expresses an action happened in the past. It's usually used with the adverbials such as yesterday, last month（ year, week）, the day before yesterday, … ago, in 1968 etc.它的谓语动词形式是什么样的呢？

16．Now let's come to the present perfect tense. In this tense, the action also happened in the past, but the action has something to do with“now”.

现在完成时动作发生在过去, 但它对现在有影响。谓语动词的形式为have done, done代表过去分词。have还有一种变化, 即has。has用于第三人称单数, 其他人称用have, 请你给出几个现在完成时的句子。

17．请你根据刚才的句子, 归纳一下现在完成时有几种含义？

18．现在完成时的这两种含义非常重要, 要认真领会。这里引出了两个概念：延续性动词与非延续性动词。即：点性动词与线性动词。所谓点性动词就是不能延续的动词；线性动词就是可以延续的动词。延续性动词用于现在完成时的第二种用法, 点性动词用于第一种用法。

19．点点结合, 线线结合是完成时中一个重要原则, 这个问题往往是学生容易出错的地方。请把下列句子的错误改正过来：

A．He has come for 3 hours.

B．The girl has waited since two years.

C．The old man has died for ten years.

D．I have bought the book for two months.

20．那么，在英语中，同一种意思，既有点性动词，又有线性动词的实例很多。Now would you please show the continuous verbs of the following ?

A．join the army

B．join the Party

C．come back

D．borrow a book

E．buy a book

F． leave

G．go out

H．die

I．open

J．begin

K． arrive

21．在完成时的句子中, 同一种意思可以有几种英语表达方法。如：

我入团已经5年了。有以下几种表达方式：

A．I have been a League member for 5 years.

B．It's five years since I joined the League.

I joined the League 5 years ago.

I have been a League member since 5 years ago.

Now I give you some sentences and please try to express the same meaning in other ways.

A．He has been here for 2 hours.

B．They've been away since 1960.

C．The film has been on for one hour.

22．Now let's do some other exercises. Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of verbs.

A．I ____ （lose）my pen.

She ____ （ lose） her pen yesterday.

B．I ____ （be）to the Agricultural Exhibition.

I ____ （go） to the Agricultural Exhibition last week.

C．The car ____ （stop）.

The car ____ （stop） just now.

D．A： ____ you ____ your lunch ?

B：Yes, I ____ .

A：When ____ you ____ it ?

B：I ____ it about half an hour ago.

23．Now let me say something about “have been to” and“have gone to”.

have been to 意思是“去过”。

have gone to 意思是“去了”。

请翻译下列各句：

A．我去海南四次了。

B．他已经去南方了。

C．你去过东京吗？

D．小李已经去办公室了。

你可以去那儿找他。

E．你去哪儿了？

F．他去哪儿了？

24．通过练习，对现在完成时和过去时有了足够的认识, 你能说出它们的异同点吗？

25．Very good !Here's a drawing to show the difference between the present perfect tense and the past indefinite tense.

e．g．He was a student in the past.

e．g． He has been a student for 2 years.

26．现在来谈谈对比时态问题。所谓对比时态是指两个动作同时存在, 但有时间前后。这样的时态有过去将来时、过去完成时。

27．过去完成时也可跟另一个时间进行对比, 含义仍然是到过去某个时间为止, 如它与 by the end of…, by the time when…

例如：

A．They had completed the program by the end of the last year.

B．The train had left by the time when we arrived at the station.

28．You are right. The present continuous tense expresses an action happening at a present moment or during a present period of time, while the past continuous tense refers to the past.

e．g．My daughter was reviewing her lessons at eight last night.

What were you doing while I was watching TV ?

Students

1．I think“tense” is a certain form of a verb. It changes according to the time of the action.

我想“时态”是动词的某种形式, 它随动作的时间而发生变化。

2．We have learned eight tenses. They are： the present indefinite tense, the past indefinite tense, the future indefinite tense, the present continuous tense, the present perfect tense, the past continuous tense, the past perfect tense and the future-in-the-past indefinite tense.

我们学习了：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时和过去将来时。

3．一般现在时表示经常性动作或状态、过去、现在以及将来一直进行的动作或存在的状态。

4．一般现在时, 谓语动词要随主语人称而变化。be动词有三种变化形式, 即am, is, are；行为动词有两种变化形式, 即：原形和第三人称单数。

5．行为动词第三人称有以下几种变化形式：

A．动词后面直接加“s”, 如works, plays, learns。

B．以［K］［CM］, ［DN］,［M］,［L］ 结尾的单词, 词尾加“es”, 如果词尾有“e”, 则只加“s”, 如：misses, finishes, teaches, loses。

C．如词尾以辅音字母+y结尾, 应变y为“i”, 再加“es”, 如： flies, carries。

D．特殊情况：go和do词尾加“es”。

6．啊！我明白了, 像 works, 由于 s之前是k, 读作［E］, 是清辅音, 所以s读作［K］；又如：learns s之前是浊辅音［Q］, 所以它读作浊辅音［L］； plays s之前由于是ay字母组合, 读作元音音素［-!］, 所以s读作［L］这叫做“元-浊”。

7．与一般现在时连用的时间状语有：often, usually, sometimes, always, seldom, twice a week, every day…

8． A．If it is fine tomorrow, I will go out for a picnic.

（条件状语从句中一般现在时表示将来）

B．When they leave school, they will go back to the factory.（时间状语从句一般现在时表示将来）

C．The train starts at ten o'clock in the morning.

（计划, 有规律的动作表示将来）

9．Yes, I can. Here's a sentence.

The teacher said that the sun rises in the east. Here“rises”is the present indefinite tense. This tense is used because it happens regularly.

因为动作是有规律地发生。

10．The form of the verb is“be doing”, and“be”can be changeable.

For example：am, is, are. I think the present continuous tense expresses an action happening at present time or during present period of time.

For example：

He is reading a book now.

We are learning BookⅡthis week.

11．现在进行时与 now, at the present, this year（week, month）等时间状语连用。

12．

A．He is coming to see me tomorrow.

明天他要来看我。

B．They are leaving Shanghai for Beijing.他们要离开上海去北京。

13．OK ! The future indefinite tense is connected with the future time, such as, tomorrow, next week（year, month）, the day after tomorrow, from now on, in a month （year） etc.

它的动词结构是will do 有时第一人称单复数用shall do。

14．Yes, I can.

A．We are going to help the farmers on the Red Star Farm.

我们打算去红星农场帮助农民们。

B．The boys are to go to school next week.

这些男孩们下周要上学了。

C．We are about to leave, so there is no time to visit him now.

我们就要离开了, 所以现在没有时间去看他了。

15．一般过去时, 谓语动词的形式应该用过去时。即：原形动词后加ed, 还有一些特殊形式的动词。如：go----went, see----saw, do----did, read----read, give----gave, sit----sat。

我想特殊动词要特殊记忆。

16．我清楚了, 现在完成时谓语动词形式have done, 可以这样理解：have是“变量”；done是“常量”。

A．We have cleaned the room now.

我们现在已经打扫了房间。

B．He has cleaned the room now.

他现在已经打扫了房间。

C．They have been here for 3 hours.

他们在这儿呆了3个小时了。

D．The professor has worked in this university since 1969．

教授自从1969年就在这所大学里工作。

17．我想有两种含义：

一种是动作发生在过去, 动作不延续, 但对现在有结果和影响。如句子A、B表示打扫房间的动作发生在过去, 但强调的是现在房间已经干净了。

另一种是动作从过去开始一直延续到现在, 对现在有结果和影响, 如句子C、D。

18．点性动词应当与点性时间状语连用, 线性动词与线性时间状语连用。点性时间状语有：now, today, already, just, before, never, ever, always, yet等, 线性时间状语有for…, since…等。

19．A句中应当把come改为 been here, come为点性动词, for为线性时间状语。

B句有两种改法，一是将since改为for, 意思是“已经等了两年了”。另一种是在two years之后加ago, 意思是“自从两年前就开始等, 一直等到现在。”

C句将 died改为 been dead, 因为 for ten years是线性时间状语, die为点性动词, 不能延续, 而 be dead是线性动词, 可与 for短语连用。

D．将 bought改为 kept或 had。 buy为点性动词, have（keep）为线性动词。

20．Let me have a try．

join the army----serve in the army

join the Party----be a Party member

come back----be back

borrow a book----keep a book

buy a book----have a book

leave----be away

go out----be out

die----be dead

open----be open

begin----be on

arrive----be here

A．He has been here since two hours ago.

It's two hours since he came.

He came here two hours ago.

B．They went away in 1960.

They have been away for 40 years.

It's 40 years since they went away.

C．The film began an hour ago.

It's one hour since the film began.

The film has been on since one hour ago.

21．A．He has been here since two hours ago.

It's two hours since he came.

He came here two hours ago.

B．They went away in 1960.

They have been away for 40 years.

It's 40 years since they went away.

C．The film began an hour ago.

It's one hour since the film began.

The film has been on since an hour ago.

22．

A．have lost； lost

B．have been； went

C．has stopped； stopped

D．Have… had

have

did… have

had

23．

A．I have been to Hainan four times.

B．He has gone to the South.

C．Have you ever been to Tokyo ?

D．Xiao Li has been to his office. You can find him there.

E．Where have you been ?

F． Where has he gone ?

24．在我看来，它们的相同之处是动作都发生在过去，它们的不同点是现在完成时的动作对现在有影响，而过去时对现在没有影响。

25．图A表示动作发生在过去，处于静止状态, 而图B表示动作发生在过去，但它指向现在，对现在有结果和影响，最后强调的是现在。

26．当主句动作发生在过去，从句动作发生在它之后，这时从句谓语用过去将来时。如：

I said that I would go to that island.

“said”在前，相对它来讲，would go在后。

可当一个动作发生在过去而另一个动作发生在它之前, 那么这个动作则要用过去完成时。如：

I said that I had finished the composition.

said发生在过去, had finished在它之前发生, 称之为过去的过去。

27．现在我明白啦！过去完成时和过去将来时只有在与另一个过去的动作进行对比的情况下才能存在。所以把这两种时态叫对比时态。

老师，我有一个问题，过去进行时是指过去某一时刻或过去某一段时间正在进行的动作吗？

四、精选题

选择填空：

1．----Can I join your club, Dad？ [ ]

----You can when you ____ a bit older.（'94）

A．get B．will get

C．are getting D．will have got

2．----I'm sorry to keep you waiting.（'94） [ ]

----Oh, not at all. I ____ here only a few minutes.

A．have been B．had been

C．was D．will be

3．I don't really work here；I ____ until the new secretary arrives.（'94） [ ]

A．just help out

B．have just helped out

C．am just helping out

D．will just help out

4．I need one more stamp before my collection ____ . [ ]

A．has completed

B．completes

C．has been completed

D．is completed

5．I first met Lisa three years ago．She ____ at a radio shop at the time.（'97） [ ]

A．has worked

B．was working

C．had been working

D．had worked

6．----Is this raincoat yours？ [ ]

----No, mine ____ there behind the door.（'97）

A．is hanging B．has hung

C．hangs D．hung

7．----Nancy is not coming tonight. [ ]

----But she ____ ！（'98）

A．has written B．wrote

C．had written D．was writing

8．Shirley ____ a book about China last year but I don't know whether she has finished it.（'98） [ ]

A．has written B．wrote

C．had written D．was writing

9．----Hi, Tracy, you look tired. [ ]

----I am tired. I ____ the living room all day.（'98）

A．painted

B．had painted

C．have been painting

D．have painted

10． The price ____ , but I doubt whether it will remain so.（'99） [ ]

A．went down

B．will go down

C．has gone down

D．was going down

11．----Bob has gone to California. I hear. [ ]

----Oh. I wonder when he ____ .（'96海淀）

A．has left B．leaves

C．left D．was leaving

12．----Have you got your test result ? [ ]

----Not yet. The papers ____ .（'96海淀）

A．are not correcting

B．have not corrected

C．are still being corrected

D．have already been corrected

13．----Why weren't you at the meeting ? [ ]

----I ____ for a long----distance call from my father in Australia.（'99西城）

A．waited B．was waiting

C．had waited D．have been waited

14．The telephone ____ four times in the last hour, and each time it ____ for my roommate.（'99西城） [ ]

A．has rung; was

B．has been ringing; is

C．had rung; was

D．rang; has been

15． Two million tons of oil ____ exploited in this area that year.（'99西城） [ ]

A．was B．has been

C．were D．have been

16．----What time ____ Tom tomorrow？ [ ]

----At 3：00 p．m．（'99西城）

A．do you meet

B．will you meet

C．would you meet

D．are you meeting

17． That was not a good place to go skating. You ____ your leg. [ ]

A．can break

B．could break

C．could have broken

D．could have been broken

18．---- ____ the sports meet might be put off. [ ]

----Yes, it all depends on the weather.

A．I've been told

B．I've told

C．I'm told

D．I told

19．----Your phone number again？ I ____ quite catch it. [ ]

----It's 9568442．

A．didn't B．couldn't

C．don't D．can't

20． As she ____ the newspaper, Granny ____ asleep. [ ]

A．read; was falling

B．was reading; fell

C．was reading; was falling

D．read; fell

21．I don't think Jim saw me; he ____ into space. [ ]

A．just stared

B．was just staring

C．has just stared

D．had just stared

22．----Who is Jerry Cooper？ [ ]

---- ____ ? I saw gou shaking hands with him at the meeting.

A．Don't you meet him yet

B．Hadn't you met him yet

C．Didn't you meet him yet

D．Haven't you met him yet

用所给动词的正确形式填空：

1． I'm afraid I can't get in all the wheat within such a short time unless you ____ to help me tomorrow.（come）

2． They left for Beijing last week and we ____ then so far.（not hear）

3．When we reached the airport, we were surprised to find that Uncle's plane ____ . （land）

4．I ____ he had finished his work.（think）

5．We ____ the problem for quite some time, but we any conclusion yet.（discuss, not reach）

6．He said this book would be published if the writer ____ .（agree）

7．John works very hard. In fact, I think he ____ right now.（study）

8．The little boy didn't see me, he ____ a golden fish in a basin.（watch）

9．I have to make a quick phone call. Can you wait a few moments ? It ____ long.（not take）

10．They ____ themselves on the beach when the train ____ .（enjoy, come）

答案：

选择填空：

1～5 AACDB 6～10 ABDCC 11～15 CCBAC

16～20 BBAAB 21～22 BD

用所给动词的正确形式填空：

1．come 主句用将来时, 从句用一般现在时表示将来。

2．haven't heard so far与现在完成时连用。

3．had landed 在 reached之前发生, 故用过去完成时。

4．thought

5．have been discussing, haven't reached 讨论从过去开始一直到现在, 但是到目前仍没有结论。

6．agreed 主句是过去时, 从句动作受它影响。

7． is studying

8．was watching 没有看到我, 那时正观看金鱼。

9．won't take

10．were enjoying, came

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇3：被动语态 ````(人教版高三英语上册教学论文)

被动语态

（一）简介

在英语中，语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语的关系。英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态(active voice) 表示主语是动作的执行者；

被动语态（passive voice）表示主语是动作的承受者。

如：

Saddam is being tried（审判）. ______________

The Iraqi government is trying Saddam. ______________

More and more people use computers now. ________________

Computers are more and more widely used now. ________________

（二）英汉两种语言在表达被动方式上的差异

汉语表达被动语态非常简单明了，用“被”“遭”“受”等词来表示，如“被捕”、“被杀”、“受到凌辱”等。而英语表达被动的方式也不复杂，用“助动词be+动词的过去分词”表示。其中助动词be有人称、数量和时态的变化，而这正是英语被动语态的难点。

（三）被动语态的构成

被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。这里要强调一定是及物动词的过去分词，因为不及物动词不能带宾语，也就不可能有被动语态。英语主动语态有16个时态；被动语态常用的有8个，以give为例说明如下：

时态 动词形式

一般现在时 am/ is/ are given

一般过去时

一般将来时

现在进行时

过去进行时

过去将来时

现在完成时

过去完成时

被动语态的疑问句是将第一个助动词移到主语之前、句末用问号；

否定式是在第一个助动词后加not或never等其他否定词、句末用句号。

如：

“面试的时候，用英语问你问题了吗？

“During the interview, ________________________________________”

“没有，没有用英语问我问题。”

“No, __________________________________.””

那家餐馆正在装修(decorate)吗？

___________________________________________?

那家餐馆没有在装修。

___________________________________________.

实际上，那家餐馆从来没有装修过。

In fact ______________________________________.

（四）被动语态的用法

1、不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者。换个说法，有一件事情不知道是谁干的或者不想说出是谁干的，这时就用被动语态。

I felt a little nervous when I was being interviewed.

These fighters are imported from Russia.

That place has been turned into a swimming pool.

2、说话或发表意见时，为了显得客观公正，也常用被动语态

He’s said/believed/reported to be in the U. S. A. 据说/据信/据报道他在美国。

还有下列常用句型（that后面跟句子）：

据说 ________________________ 据报道 ___________________________

希望 ________________________ 人们相信 _________________________

据宣布 ______________________ 众所周知 _________________________

已经决定 ____________________ 人们认为 _________________________

有人建议 ____________________ 务必记住 _________________________

被视为当然 __________________

（五）主动句变被动句的注意事项

一、________________不能改变；

二、变为被动语态后，谓语动词要和________________ 在人称、数上保持一致。

还要作如下变动：

1. 把主动语态的_________变为被动语态的_____________；

2. 主动语态的主语放在介词 ________ 的后面，组成介词短语，再把这个介词短语放在被动语态的谓语动词之后。

3. 在动作的执行者无须说明或不必要强调时，by短语可以省略。

They will open a new supermarket there soon.

A new supermarket will be opened there soon.

The doctor gave two lectures in English.

Two lectures were given by the doctor in English.

Somebody has warned us to be careful of rats.

We have been warned to be careful of rats.

4. 如果主动语态有两个宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语），变为被动语态时，可将其中任何一个宾语变为主语，另一个不变。

The reporters asked the president some questions.

The president was asked some questions by the reporters.

Some questions were asked the president by the reporters.

（六）含有情态动词的被动语态

句中含有情态动词时，其被动语态的结构是：____________________

The timetable can be changed any time.

This book may not be taken out of the reading room.

This dictionary must be taken good care of.

（七）不能用于被动语态的动词

1、不及物动词不能用于被动语态，因为它们没有宾语。

2、表示状态而不是动作的及物动词，如 break out, belong to, cost, deserve, fit, have ( 有、使)，hold (盛下、装下)，lack, resemble, suit, take part in, take place, want, wish等动词不能变为被动语态。例如：

Everybody wanted Doris to be the manager.

We like everybody to say what they think.

Do you wish me to stay？

Will you help me (to) do the work?

The war broke out in 1937.

This car belongs to me.

He has a good job.

They have a large house.

I’ll have him come early.

Though I like the dress, it doesn’t fit me.

We lack manpower at the moment.

My computer cost me seven hundred and ninety dollars.

She resembles her father.

（八）关于被动语态的几点说明

1、make, see, watch, hear, notice, feel等使役动词和感官动词的宾语后面可以接不带to的不定式作宾补。但在被动语态中，不定式符号to必须补上。例如：

They made him go.

He was made______________.

I heard him say good-bye to his friends.

He was heard _______________________.

2、除助动词be外，动词get有时也可跟过去分词构成被动语态，是比较口语化的一种被动语态。这种结构中很少用by短语。例如:

I got lost in the huge market.

You might get killed/ hurt.

In the end this story got translated into English.

His car got damaged in a road accident.

3、在need, want, require后面，主动的-ing形式表达被动的意思：

My watch needs cleaning. (=…needs to be cleaned)

Your garden needs watering. (=_______________________)

Does your suit require pressing, sir?

(=_______________________)

The car wants servicing. (=_______________________)

（九）练习

1、将下列句子变成被动语态：[主要步骤是：把原句的宾语变成主语（代词宾格要变成主格）；把原句的谓语动词变成被动形式（注意：时态不变，新谓语动词与新主语要一致，疑问句要注意助动词的转换）。复合句中如有可能主句和从句都要变成被动语态。]

1）He gave me a present.

2）My sister made the soup.

3）The workers could not find the manager anywhere in the factory.

4）The army engineers and soldiers have built a bridge over the river.

5）The police will surely arrest the thieves.

6）My brother will repair my bike for me.

7）You must clean your watch once a year.

8）I didn’t tell you Xiao Wang could do the job.

9）I cannot find my dictionary. Someone has taken it.

10）She cannot find her bag. Someone must have taken it.

11）The pupils asked the teacher to tell a story.

12）The Association asked Mr. Green to make a speech.

13）The government is sending him abroad.

14）He told me to wait here for him.

15）Mr. Hopkins has found his wallet.

16）The workers themselves invented the new machine.

17）They set up this hospital in 1950.

18）Tom broke the window.

19）Did you write the letter?

20）They do not make this kind of watches in Beijing.

21）People call him Little Old Man.

22）John answered all the questions.

23）The farmer was ploughing the field.

24）People speak English in almost all the countries of the world.

25）The wind blew the clouds away.

26）We shall paint the room.

27）Must I do all the exercises on my own?

28）I am going to ring Tom up.

29）Everyone expects that he will win.

30）Did you finish your composition in class?

31）Do you wash your clothes very often?

32）Have they paid you the money?

33）Mr. Wang gave us an English lesson.

34）He told his brother the news.

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇4：试题(人教版高三英语上册教学论文)

1 Some students like staying up late into the night , ____ their lessons for the coming examination .

A to prepare B preparing C prepare D was preparing

2 ____ by the dog twice , he was afraid to go to my house again .

A Having bitten B Having been bitten C Biting D Being bitten

3 Before ____ white , the door should be cleaned thoroughly .

A painting B painted C being painted D having been painted

4 ____ , Tom is loved by all the people in the village .

A Being an honest man B Being that he is an honest man

C He is an honest man D An honest man being

5 The boy sat on the sofa , ___ TV programme attentively.

A watch B watched C watching D to watch

6 The pupil sat there , ___ what to do .

A does knowing B didn’t knowing C not known D not knowing

7 ___ , but he still could not understand it .

A He had been told many times B Having been told many times C Told many times D Although he had been told many times

8 ___ the meeting room , he found all the parents already ___ there .

A To enter ---sitting B Stepping into ---to seat

C Entered ---seat D Entering ---seated

9 ____ several kinds of machines , the workers got much money .

A Produced B Producing C Having produced D To produce

10 The nurse stood by the bed , ____ the sick girl .

A tending B to tend C tending D and tending

11 Living near the sea , ___ .

A we enjoy healthy air and beautiful sight

B healthy air and beautiful fight is what we enjoy

C it is healthy air and beautiful sight is we enjoy

D so we enjoy healthy air and beautiful sight

12 I listened to the rain , ___ that she would not come tonight .

A thinking B to think C thought D being thinking

13 ___ the coffee , the girl washed the cup .

A To drink B Drinking C Having drunk D Having been drunk

14 ___ such a chance , why don’t you have a try ?

A To give B Having give C Given D Giving

15 ___ the past , our life is much better .

A Comparing with B Be compared

C To compare with D Compared with

16 I went to see him , ____ him out .

A finding B find C only to find D to finding

17 ___ , he went to ask his teacher for help .

A Not known how to do it B Unknown what to do

C Knowing how to do D Not knowing how to do it

18 ___ from space , the earth , with water ___ seventy percent of its surface , looks like a blue ball .

A Seen , covered B Seen , covering

C Seeing , covering D Seening ,covering

19 ___ it the heavy snow , he walked into an expensive shop .

A Having caught B To be caught

C Having been caught D Catching

20 She is writing a letter to a friend of hers , ___ him to attend the party .

A having invited B inviting C to invite D invited

21___ since the night before , she felt very hungry now .

A Having not eaten anything B Not eating anything

C Be hadn’t eaten anything D Not having eaten anything

1 The man ____ in a shop was sent to the police station .

A who caught stealing B to be caught stealing C caught to steal

D caught stealing

2 Everyone says he is a ____ boy .

A promised B promising C to promise D promise

3 A parcel ____ two jin has just been posted .

A weighted B weighing C to weigh D having weighted

4 She looked at me with ____ eyes

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇5：句子(Sentences) (人教版高三英语上册教学论文)

句子(Sentences)

一、句子的定义

句子的定义:句子是包含主语和谓语部分的一组词。它有一定的语法结构和语调，用以表达一个比较完整的独立的概念。句子开头的第一个字母要大写，句子末尾要有句号、问号或感叹号。如: (1) The foundation of democracy is the will of the people to preserve liberty. 民主的基础就是人民维护自由的意愿。(2) What motives governed his actions? 是什么动机支配他的行动的？(3) This story is great! 这则故事太棒了！

二、句子的种类和类型

句子按其用途可分为四个种类:

1、陈述句(declarative sentence), 用以陈述事实。如:

(1) The daisy is a common flower in English fields.

雏菊在英格兰大地上是一种常见的花。

(2) I don’t care what she thinks.

我不在乎她想什么。

2、疑问句(interrogative sentences), 用以提出问题。如:

(1) Your friend is a doctor, isn’t he?

你朋友是个医生，对吗？

(2) When do we meet again?

我们什么时候再见面？

3、祈使句(imperative sentences), 用以表示命令、请求等。如:

(1) Have a good sleep and think it over.

好好睡一觉，再仔细考虑一下。

(2) Let the meat cook slowly.

把肉用文火煮。

4、感叹句(exclamatory sentences), 用以表示各种强烈的感情。如:

(1) What a delicious hamburger!

多美味的汉堡！

(2) The noise will deafen us all!

该噪音会使我们大家耳聋的！

句子按其结构可分为四种型式:

1、简单句(simple sentences),由一个主语部分和一个谓语部分组成。如:

(1) The cause of the fire was a cigarette-end.

这次火灾是由一根烟头造成的。

(2) He asked to see the chief of the tribe.

他求见这个部落的酋长。

2、并列句(compound sentences)，由两个或两个以上的分句组成。如:

(1) Cotton is falling in price, and buyers hold off.

棉花正在落价，可买主仍犹豫不决。

(2) Henry prefers strawberry pie, but his wife always bakes apple pie.

亨利喜欢吃草莓馅饼，可他的妻子经常烤苹果馅饼。

3、复合句(complex sentences)，由主句和其他从句组成。如:

(1) I have to hurry to deposit this money before the bank closes.

我得赶在银行关门前把这笔钱存起来。

(2) He was an old man who wore thick glasses.

他年纪大了，戴着很深的眼镜。

4、并列复合句(compound complex sentences)， 即含有复合句的并列句。如:

(1) The ad said that the coat was on sale for $20, but it was actually $22.

广告说这件外衣卖20美元，可它实际上是22美元。

(2) I asked a man who has a wife and three children who did the cooking in his house and he replied that whoever came home from work first did it. 我问一个有妻子和三个孩子的人，他家谁做饭; 他回答说，谁先下班回来，谁就做饭。

三、句子的成分

句子由各个组成部分构成，这些组成部分叫做句子的成分(members of the sentences)。总的来说，句子皆由两大部分组成。一是主语部分(subject group), 一是谓语部分(predicate group). 如:

1、The People’s Republic of China was born in 1949.

中华人民共和国成立于1949年。

句中的the People’s Republic of China即是主语部分，was born in 1949即是谓语部分。但句子的成分要比句子的两大部分更加明确具体，可分为主语、谓语(或谓语动词)、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、独立成分等。如:

2、The weather was quite nice.

天气相当好。(weather 是主语，nice 是表语，quite 是状语)

3、I need a quite room to study in.

我需要一间安静的屋子进行学习。(need是谓语或谓语动词，room是宾语，quite是定语)

4、In a fierce shootout five criminals were shot dead.

在一次猛烈交火中，五个罪犯被打死。(dead是主语补语)

5、Unfortunately, he had his watch stolen.

很不幸，他的表被偷了。(unfortunately是独立成分，stolen是宾语补语)

词类与句子的成分不同。前者纯指单词的分类，后者则指词类、短词、从句等在句子中的功能。词类中也只有具有实义的词类，如名词、代词、数词、动词、形容词和副词等，才可用作句子的成分。其他无实义的虚词，如冠词、连词和介词，则不可用作句子的成分。

四、英语语句基本结构分析：

>>主谓宾结构：

主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！

谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come.

宾语：宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’，如：me，him，them等

例：The boy needs a pen.主语the boy，谓语needs(need的第三人称单数形式)，宾语a pen.

>>主系表结构：

主语：同‘主谓宾’结构。

联系动词（Link verb)：be动词（am,is,are,was,were,have been)；其他联系动词如：become成为，turn变成,go变。其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系，表语多为形容词或副词，既，不可能是宾语。

表语：说明主语的状态、性质、等。可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词。当联系动词不是be，而其后是名词和代词时，多表达‘转变为’之意，注意与动宾关系的区别。

感官动词多可用作联系动词：look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻

例：Tom is a boy.(Tom是个男孩）/主语为Tom,系词为be动词的第三人称单数is，表语为a boy

>>There be 结构：

There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义，不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。

此结构后跟名词，表示‘（存在）有某事物’

试比较：There is a boy there.（那儿有一个男孩。）/前一个there无实意，后一个there为副词‘那里’。

一、定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。 返回

定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时，（如：something、nothing）；或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。

形容词作定语：

The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy；blue修饰名词pen.）/小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。

Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。

There is a good boy./有个乖男孩。

数词作定语相当于形容词：

Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。

The two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生。

There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。

代词或名词所有格作定语：

His boy needs Tom's pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。

His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。

There are two boys of Toms there./那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。

介词短语作定语：

The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。

The boy in blue is Tom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。

There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩。

名词作定语：

The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。

It is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔。

There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。

副词作定语：

The boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。

The best boy here is Tom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom。

不定式作定语：

The boy to write this letter needs a pen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。

The boy to write this letter is Tom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。

There is nothing to do today./今天无事要做。

分词（短语）作定语：

The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。

The pen bought by her is made in China./她买的笔是中国产的。

There are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩。

定语从句：

The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。

The boy you will know is Tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。

There are five boys who will play the game./参加游戏的男孩有五个。

二、状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。 返回

状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，地点状语一般须在时间状语之前；一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。

有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义，应注意，如：The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教室里的女孩‘（此时in the classroom为girl的定语），也可以理解为‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’（此时in the classroom为地点状语），最好写作‘In the classroom, the boy calls the girl.'

副词（短语）作状语：

The boy needs a pen very much./男孩非常需要一支钢笔。（程度状语）

The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother./男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。（宾语较长则状语前置）

The boy really needs a pen./男孩真的需要一支钢笔。（程度状语）

The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。（时间状语）

介词短语作状语：

In the classroom,the boy needs a pen./在教室里，男孩需要一支钢笔。（地点状语）

Before his mother,Tom is always a boy./在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语)

On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom./星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)

分词（短语）作状语：

He sits there,asking for a pen./他坐在那儿要一支笔。（表示伴随状态）

Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen./因为不得不完成作业，男孩需要一支笔。（原因状语）

Frightened,he sits there soundlessly./（因为）受了惊吓，他无声地坐在那儿。（原因状语）

不定式作状语：

The boy needs a pen to do his homework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。（目的状语）

To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business./为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣.

名词作状语：

Come this way!/走这条路！（方向状语）

状语从句：

时间状语从句 地点状语从句 原因状语从句 结果状语从句

比较状语从句 让步状语从句 条件状语从句 目的状语从句

三、直接宾语和间接宾语：

>>>特殊的同源宾语现象: fight a fight , dream a dream , etc.

有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带，show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。

一般的顺序为：动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。如：Give me a cup of tea,please.

强调间接宾语顺序为：动词 + 直接宾语 + to + 间接宾语。如Show this house to Mr.Smith.

若直接宾语为人称代词：动词+ 代词直接宾语 + to + 间接宾语。如：Bring it to me,please.

四、宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。 返回

名词/代词宾格 + 名词

The war made him a soldier./战争使他成为一名战士.

名词/代词宾格 + 形容词

New methods make the job easy./新方法使这项工作变得轻松.

名词/代词宾格 + 介词短语

I often find him at work./我经常发现他在工作.

名词/代词宾格 + 动词不定式

The teacher ask the students to close the windows./老师让学生们关上窗户.

名词/代词宾格 + 分词

I saw a cat running across the road./我看见一只猫跑过了马路.

五、同位语： 返回

同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分，近乎于后置定语。如：

We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批‘学生’)

We all are students. / (all是we的同位语，都指同样的‘我们’)

六、独立成分：有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分，称为句子独立成分(注意：区别于分词独立结构)。 返回

感叹词：oh, hello, aha, ah,等。

肯定词yes 否定词no

称呼语：称呼人的用语。

插入语：一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。

如: The story, I think, has never come to the end./我相信,这个故事还远没结束.

情态词,表示说话人的语气（多作为修饰全句的状语）:perhaps也许,maybe大概, acturely实际上,certainly当然，等。

七、分词独立结构：分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应有自己的逻辑主语，构成分词独立结构。例：

错句：Studying hard, your score will go up.

正确：(1) Studying hard, you can make your score go up. 或 (2)If you study hard, your score will go up.

解析：错句中分词studying没有自带逻辑主语，则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，既your score . 显然做study的应是人，不应是your score（分数）. 正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语一致( 同为you );正确句(2)则使用条件分句带出study的主语,(不过已经不是分词结构了).

分词独立结构常省略being, having been.不过‘There being...’的场合不能省略.

如：

Game (being) over, he went home.

He stands there, book (being) in hand.

独立结构还可用with、without引导，作状语或定语。这种结构不但可以用分词，还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。

如：

With nothing to do, he fell asleep soon./无事可做，他很快就睡了。

The teacher came in, with glasses on his nose./老师进来了，戴着一付眼镜。（注意，此句on his nose不可省略！）

五、基本句式

句子用词准确、合乎语法规范是一篇文章最起码的要求。英语句子虽然千变万化，但就一个简单句来说，其基本结构不外乎以下五种：

1、主语 + 系动词 + 表语

Our city is at the crossing of some important railways.

主语 系动词 表语

The city will become rich.

主语 系动词 表语

在这类结构中最常用的系动词是be, look（看起来），sound（听起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（摸起来，感到），seem（似乎，好像），appear（显得，好像），remain（仍是），keep（保持），become（变得，成为），turn（变得，成为），get（变得），go（变得）等表示状态和变化的词，而充当表语的词语则有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语和非谓语动词等。

2、主语 + 谓语

Building has started.

主语 谓语

The train leaves at 7:40.

主语 谓语

该句型中的谓语为不及物动词，其后不带宾语，但可以根据实际需要带上一个合适的状语，状语的位置可放在句首、句中或句尾，一般以句尾为多见。谓语动词的前面根据需要还可加上适当的情态动词或助动词。如果多个谓语动词并列，可用and, but等并列连词将它们连接起来。

在英语中，主语是动作的执行者，充当主语的词和结构有：名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式和从句等。充当谓语的词只能是动词。

谓语动词在人称和数上须与主语保持一致。

3、主语 + 谓语 + 宾语

The boss employed five more workers.

主语 谓语 宾语

Few students like taking exams.

主语 谓语 宾语

动词后接宾语时应该用及物动词，若动词不及物则须在动词后再加上合适的介词，如What are you looking for?

在这类结构中，宾语是动作的承受者。常见的充当宾语的词语和结构有；名词、代词、非谓语动词和从句等。

4、主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语/主语 + 谓语 + 直接宾语 + 间接宾语

He has fetched us some new textbooks.

主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语

A car factory will bring the province more jobs.

主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语

此句型中的及物动词须跟两个宾语，间接宾语一般指人，直接宾语一般指物。间接宾语可以放在直接宾语的前面，也可放在直接宾语的后面，但间接宾语放在后面时需在其前面加上适当的介词。例：A car factory will bring more jobs to the province.

可接双宾语的常见动词有：ask, answer, give, offer, send, bring, pass, tell, show, teach, promise等。

5、主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语

The villagers didn’t allow them to do this.

主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语

I will keep the box in the shade.

主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语

该句型中的“宾语 + 宾语补足语”又叫做“复合宾语”，其特点是宾语与其补语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，宾语相当于汉语里的兼语式，它既充当前面谓语的宾语，又兼作其后宾语补足语的逻辑主语。

充当宾语补足语的词语和结构有：名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词等。

当主语、宾语、宾语补足语是由名词充当时，根据需要还可在其前面加上名词、数词、形容词，或在其后面加上副词、介词短语、非谓语动词等定语成分来修饰相关名词。

可接复合宾语的常见动词有：ask, tell, find, help, like, allow, take, make, let, have（使得）, force（强迫）, call, advise, persuade（劝服）, watch, see, hear, feel（认为，觉得）, consider（认为）, choose, elect（选）等。

上面句型中只列出了句子的主要成分，事实上，句子中还常常有定语、状语和同位语等修饰语，有时还有不充当句子成分的插入语等。例：

Professor Wang bought a new computer at a high price.

定语 状语

在句子中，不同的句子成分对词性有不同的要求。主语、宾语和同位语一般由名词、代词、动名词和动词不定式充当；谓语一般由动词充当；表语、宾语补足语、定语、状语和插入语一般由动词以外的词或短语充当。

一般来讲，一个句子至少具有一个主语和一个谓语（或系表结构），但在上下文中有时可能会有省略现象。省略后的句子可能会缺少包括主语、谓语在内的一些句子成分。祈使句中的主语按要求也是应该舍去的。例：

“Do give her my regards.” “Of course I will.”

第一句是祈使句，动作执行人you已经舍去。第二句是省略句，根据上句I will后省略了give her your regards。

以上主要介绍的是简单句的基本句型，除简单句外，还有并列复合句和主从复合句等句式，但这些复合句实际上是由若干个简单句通过连词连接起来的，因此，写作复合句时仍可遵循简单句的结构形式。

例：My sister likes skating, but I don’t. (并列复合句)

I like to take a walk after I have my supper. (主从复合句)

练习：用括号内所提示的基本句型将下列句子译成英语，需要的话可加上适当的修饰语或插入语。

1、你的故事听起来很有趣。（主语 + 系动词 + 表语）

2、我感到有一点累。（主语 + 系动词 + 表语）

3、我妹妹是在农村长大的。（主语 + 谓语）

4、这家医院创建于1950年。（主语 + 谓语）

5、他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。（主语 + 谓语 + 宾语）

6、他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快将其喝光。（主语 + 谓语 + 宾语）

7、顺便问一下，她把钱付给你了吗？（主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语）

8、下学期谁教你们生物？（主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语）

9、他总是把他的卧室收拾得干干净净。（主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语）

10、什么促使你这样想的？（主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语）

参考答案：

1.Your story sounds very interesting.

2.I felt a bit tired.

3.My younger sister grew up in the country.

4.This hospital was set up in 1950.

5.He broke the traffic rule because he drove his car too fast.

6.He brought out a bottle of beer and drank it up quickly.

7.By the way, has she paid you the money?

8.Who will teach you biology next term?

9.He always keeps his bedroom clean.

10.What made you think so?

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇6：动词的时态和语态 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

动词的时态和语态

【押题依据】动词的时态和语态是历年高考的重点，而且测试的难度也在逐年加大。在单项填空题中，每年考查动词时态的题不少于两道，动词的语态常和时态放在一起考查。高考命题者常从三个角度进行命题：一是直接给定时间状语。考生能直接根据所给时间状语作出选择；二是给定时间状语，但所给时间状语有着较强的干扰性和迷惑性，考生不能直接根据时间状语作出选择；三是题干中不提供任何时间状语，而给出一个上下文情景或一个结构较为复杂的句子，考生必须仔细分析语境，才能作出正确判断。

[押题1] -_____ Mr Smith ____ this week?

- No. He is on holiday.

A. Has; workedB. Does; workC. Did; workD. Is; working

【解题关键】解答该题的关键是根据上下文语境判断句子动作的一般式与进行式的用法区别。

【答案解析】根据答句He is on holiday.说明动作处于正在进行状态，而不是完成性的、过去发生的或经常性的动作，故排除选项A、B、C，选用现在进行时，答案为D。

[押题2]-Got your driving license?

-No. I _____ too busy to have enough practice, so I didn’t take the driving test last week.

A. was B. am C. have been D. had been

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要根据上下文语境中所提供的一般过去时的表示过去时间的对照点，准确判断过去完成时与一般过去时的用法区别。

【答案解析】问句中Got your driving license?为Have you got your driving license？现在完成时的省略表达，该句对选项无影响。决定选项动词时态的是答句中so I didn’t take the driving test last week.分析句意可知，选项动作发生在后一动作之前，表示过去的过去，故应用过去完成时。答案为D。

[押题3]You’d better not call the manager between 7 and 8 this evening, for he _____ an important meeting then.

A. will have B. would have C. will be having D. will have had

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确理解句意。根据题干中提供的时间状语来判断使用表示将来的多种时态中的哪一种。

【答案解析】根据题干中的时间状语between 7 and 8 this evening可知，选项动作是在将来某个时刻正在进行的，故应选用将来进行时， 口语中常用这种时态表示将来某时刻正在进行的动作或发生的事。答案为C。

[押题4]-How can you borrow my computer without my permission?

-Oh, I ____ to tell you. I hope you don’t mind.

A. forget B. forgot C. had forgotten D. am forgetting

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是根据语境所提供的信息及其句子的意义，判断一般现在时及过去完成时的用法区别。

【答案解析】该句题干中没有提供任何时间状语，但从语境及句子的含义判断，选项动作表示在过去某个时间发生，所以，首先排除选项A、D，由于题干中没有表示过去时间的对照点，故再排除选项C。 答案为B。

[押题5]-Will you please repeat your idea?

-Certainly. But I think it certain you ____ your attention.

A. don’t pay B. didn’t pay

C. weren’t paying D. aren’t paying

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确理解选项动词动作所发生的时间段，区别一般时态与进行时态的用法。

【答案解析】从问话人请求对方重复已讲内容，答话人认为对方在刚才他讲话时没有注意他所讲内容可知，该选项动作强调在过去某个时刻正在进行，表示说话的当时，故应选用过去进行时。答案为C。

[押题6]-I’m sorry, but the boss isn’t here yet. Shall I have her call you when she comes back?

-No, I’ll call her back. If I call again in half an hour, do you think she ____?

A. arrives B. has arrived

C. will arrive D. will have arrived

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是根据语境注意区别一般将来时与将来完成时的用法。

【答案解析】一般将来时表示将来某一时刻将要发生的动作，而将来完成时则表示将来某个时间之前已经发生或完成的动作。根据该句语境及其句意可知，该句选项动作表示将来完成的动作。答案为D。

[押题7] -Are we about to have dinner?

-Yes, it ____ in the dinning room.

A. is serving B. is being served

C. has been serving D. serves

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键在于准确把握动词serve 在句中主动语态与被动语态的使用。

【答案解析】动词serve在此句中意思为“端上、摆出（饭菜）”，为及物动词。根据该句结构可知应使用被动语态，只有选项B为进行时的被动结构，其它选项均为主动形式。答案B。

[押题8]-Joan was badly injured in the accident yesterday and she was sent to hospital.

-Oh, really? I____. I ____ visit her.

A. didn’t know; will go to B. don’t know; will go to

C. didn’t know; am going to D. haven’t known; am going to

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是根据讲话人的说话意图推断动作所发生的时间点，并注意在语境中区别will 和be going to的用法。

【答案解析】分析语境及讲话人意图可知，第一空强调过去的动作，并不表示现在发生的事，故应用一般过去时；第二空应选will，表示即时决定将要做的事，而be going to表示按计划、安排要做的事。答案A。

[押题9]-Don’t you feel surprised to see Bruce at the meeting?

-Yes. I really didn’t think she ____ here.

A. has been B. had been

C. would be D. would have been

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是根据上下文语境准确理解选项动作所表达的时间发生点。

【答案解析】根据上下文语境可知，选项动作已在过去发生或完成。但根据I really didn’t think可以判断出从句中的动作是从过去某时间看将来要发生的事，故应选过去将来时。答案C。

[押题10]-Why is the librarian looking so hard at me?

-You ____ to read aloud in the reading room.

A. don’t suppose B. haven’t supposed C. are not supposed D. were not supposed

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要根据句子含义准确判断动词suppose在句中的用法以及动词所发生的时间。

【答案解析】根据句子意思，应选用be supposed to“应该做……、被要求做……”，故排除选项A、B；分析上文情景，句中动词使用现在时形式，强调现在的状态 ，所以，再排除选项D。答案C。

[押题11]It seems water from this tap for some time. We’ll have to take it apart to put it right.

A. had leaked B. is leaking

C. leaked D. has been leaking

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确把握句中的时间状语for some time所强调的时间段以及所使用的动词时态。

【答案解析】根据句中时间状语for some time以及后一分句的动词时态可知，选项动词动作强调到现在为止并仍在继续，故应排除选项A、C。由于选项B现在进行时不可与一段时间状语连用，所以排除选项B，选D现在完成进行时。答案D。

[押题12]-Take this medicine three times a day, Tom?

-Do I have to take it? It ____ so terrible.

A. is tasting B. is tasted C. tastes D. has tasted

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确理解连系动词taste用主动形式表示被动的意义在句中的用法。

【答案解析】根据选项动词及其句子意思可知，taste在此用做连系动词，后接形容词作表语，在这一结构中，taste常用一般现在时的主动形式表示被动意义。答案C。

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇7：动词时态语态填空题（1） (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

动词时态语态填空题（1）

1. ---Has Sam finished his homework today?

---I have no idea. He ____________(do) it this morning.

2. ---Thank goodness, you’re here! What ___________(keep) you?

---Traffic jam.

3. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy ________________(consider) going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.

4. ― What were you doing when Tony phoned you?

― I had just finished my work and _________________(start) to take a shower.

5. Because the shop_______________________(close down), all the T-shirts are sold at half price.

6. He kept looking at her, wondering whether he________________ (see) her somewhere.

7. ―George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?

―No, I________________ (not invite). Did they have a big wedding

8. More patients ___________________(treat) in hospital this year than last year.

9. ―You were out when I dropped in at your house.

―Oh, I _________________(wait) for a friend from England at the airport.

10. －Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on.

－Where was I?

－You ___________________(say) you didn't like your father's job.

11. She has set a new record ,that is ,the sales of her latest book ____________________(reach) 50 million.

12. The number of deaths form heart disease will be reduced greatly if people_________________ (persuade) to eat more fruit and vegetables.

13. According to the art dealer, the painting ____________________(expect) to go for at least a million dollars.

14. The silence of the library __________________(break) only by the sound of pages being turned over．

15. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _________________(complete) in Beijing.

16. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday_________________(not decide) yet.

17. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness _________(grow).

18. Why don't you put the meat in the fridge? It ____________(stay) fresh for several days.

19. At this time tomorrow, we ___________________ (fly)over the Atlantic.

20. ---How long __________ David and Vicky _____________ ? (marry)

--- For about three years.

Answers:

1. was doing 2.kept

3.has been considering 4.was starting

5. is closing down 6.had seen

7. had not been invited 8. have been treated

9. was waiting 10. were saying

11. have reached 12. are persuaded

13. is expected 14.was broken

15. had been completed 16. has not been decided

17. grew 18. will stay

19.will be flying 20. have…… been

动词时态语态填空题（2）

1. --- Hi, Terry, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon?

--- Sorry. It __________________________(repair).

2. Excuse me, I ______________________(not realize) I was blocking you r way.

3. It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they __________________ (do) for me.

4. 一Were you surprised by the ending of the film?

一No. I _____________________ (read) the book, so I already knew the story.

5. --Guess what, we’ve got our visas for a short-term visit to the UK this summer.

--How nice! You ______________________________(experience) a different culture then.

6. I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone ___________________ (do) it. Was it you?

7. -Why, Jack, you look so tired!

---Well, I _______________________(paint) the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.

8. ---Peter , where did you guys go for the summer vacation?

---We _______________________ (be) busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves.

9. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he _______________________ (focus) more on its culture.

10. Joseph ________________________(go) to evening classes since last month, but he still can’t say “What’s your name?” in Russian.

11. Up to now, the program __________________________(save) thousands of children who would otherwise have died.

12. It is reported that many a new house _________________________(build) at present in the disaster area.

13. When I talked with my grandma on the phone ,she sounded weak, but by the time we _______________(hang) up, her voice had been full of life.

14. The book has been translated into thirty languages since it _______________(come) on the market in 1973.

15. Daniel's family _________________________(enjoy) their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.

16. Edward, you play so well. But I _______________________(not know) you played the piano.

17. Would you please keep silent? The weather report __________________________(broadcast) and I want to listen.

18. My parents have promised to come to see me before I __________________(leave) for Africa.

19. This is the first time we ___________________(see) a film in the cinema together as a family.

20. She stared at the painting ,wondering where she ______________________(see) it.

21. -I’ve got to go now.

-Must you? I ________________________(think) you could stay for dinner with us.

22. Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future __________________(belong) to the well-educated.

Answers:

1. is being repaired

2. didn’t realize

3. had done

4. had read

5. will be experiencing

6. had done

7. have been painting

8. had been

9. would focus

10. has been going

11. has saved

12. is being built

13. hung

14. came

15. will be enjoying

16. didn’t know

17. is being broadcast

18. leave

19. have seen

20. had seen

21. thought

22. belongs

动词时态语态填空题（3）

1．Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ____________________(change) so rapidly.

2．I________________ (play) ping-pong quite well ,but I haven’t had time to play since the new year .

3．Visitors ____________________ (request) not to touch the exhibits .

4. -You haven't said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it?

- I'm sorry I________________ (not say) anything about it sooner. I certainly think it's pretty on you.

5. I wonder why Jenny_____________________ (not write) us recently. We should have heard from her by now.

6. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he ______________________ (graduate) from the university next year.

7. Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 ________________(take) off at 18:20.

8. The little girl ___________________(cry) her heart out because she _________________(lose) her toy bear and believed she wasn’t ever going to find it.

9. ------Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favour?

-----Of course. What is it?

-----I _______________________(wonder) if you could tell me how to fill out this form.

10．Nowadays with the development of Our society, more and more hi-tech products ____________________________ (introduce) to our life．

11. My money _________________(run out) , so I must go to the bank to draw some of savings out before I’ve none in hand.

12. The meat price __________________(rise) in the past two months and I don’t know if it will continue.

13. My headache __________________(kill) me．I thought it was going away, but it’s getting worse and worse．

14. He would have come here on time, but he ________________(keep) by the heavy traffic on the way.

15. He ___________________(learn) more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15.

16. Years ago we didn't know this, but recent science __________________(show) that people who don't sleep well soon get ill.

17. This new method of teaching __________________(experiment) for the time being in our school. It will be carried out all over the city.

18. --- Did you hear anything strange in the building at ten last night?

--- No, I _________________(watch) a movie on the Internet.

19．- Has your former classmate come back from America?

- Yes, he _________________ (stay) there for eight years

20．-Why were you not at the concert last night？

- I ____________________ (watch) a close game between Seattle Sonics and Miami Bucks.

21. --_________ you ______________(meet) the editor at the airport?

--No, he __________________(drive) away before my arrival.

22. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt ________________(leave) for London to attend a meeting.

23. About 87.5% of the Chinese people feel that their living burdens are heavier than ten years ago, but their incomes __________________(increase).

24. -- I hear you have an experience in the Roya1 Air Force. Is that true？

-- Yes. I ____________________ (serve) in the Royal Air Force for six years.

25. -Did you see a man in black pass by just now?

-No, sir. I __________________(read) a newspaper.

Answers:

1．is changing 2．play 3．are requested 4. didn’t say 5. hasn' t written 6.graduates 7. takes 8. cried; had lost 9. was wondering 10．have been introduced 11. is running out 12. has been rising 13. is killing 14. was kept 15 . had learned

16. has shown 17. is being experimented 18. was watching 19．stayed

20．was watching 21. Did; meet; had been driven 22. will have left 23. have increased 24. served 25. was reading

动词时态语态填空题（4）

1. I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I _________________(give)to half a dozen other groups.

2. --- Where did you put the car keys?

--- Oh, I ____________________ (remember)I put them on the chair because the phone rang as I ___________________ (come)in.

3. The moment the 28th Olympic Games ____________(declare) open, the whole world cheered.

4. Although medical science ____________(achieve) control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us is that some of them are returning.

5. My cousin went to Canada two yours ago. He _____________(work)there for a few months and then went to America．

6. It is said that the early European playing-cards ______________(design)for entertainment and education.

7. Although the causes of cancer ________________________(uncover), we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it.

8. What we used to think _____________ (be) impossible now does seem possible.

9. This machine ________________ (not; work ) . It hasn’t worked for years.

10. I ______________________(live)in London for many years，but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China.

11. When he turned professional at the age of 11, Mike ____________________(expect) to become a world champion by his coach and parents.

12. Energy drinks are not allowed ____________________(make) in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand.

13. -- If the traffic hadn't been so heavy, I could have been hack by 6 o'clock.

-- What a pity! Tina _________________(be) here to see you.

14. Scientists think that the continents _________(not;be) always where they __________(be)today.

15. -Why did you leave that position?

-I ________________(offer) a better position at IBM.

16. He was hoping to go abroad but his parents ____________________(decide)that they won't support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.

17. Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didn't want her parents to know what she __________________(do).

18. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _____________(call) the Pacific, and we met no storms.

19. --- What's wrong with your coat?

--- Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me ____________(sit) on it.

20. --- What are you going to do this afternoon?

---I am going to the cinema with some friends. The film__________________(finish) quite early, so we___________________(go) to the bookstore after that.

Answers

1.had given 2.remember;was coming/came 3.were declared

4.has achieved 5.worked 6.were designed

7.are being uncovered 8.was 9.doesn’t work

10.lived 11.was expected 12.te be made

13.was 14.weren’t; are 15.was offered

16.have decided 17.was doing 18.is called

19.was sitting 20.finishes;are going

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇8：高三英语复习（动词短语） (人教版高三英语上册教学论文)

高三英语复习专题（动词短语）

(出题人 王海棠)

1. The war _______ the world great suffering and sadness.

A. brought in B. brought about C. brought up D. brought out

2. The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language _____ in the 16th century.

A. came about B. came out C. came along D. came up

3. There are some differences between American English and British English. Do you know how these differences _______?

A. came about B. came out C. came up D. were happened

4. We _____ the children in poor areas clothes and some money.

A. offered B. provided C. supplied D. helped

5. Her mother was ill, so a doctor was _______.

A. called on B. called at C. called in D. called back

6. We _______the Green’s yesterday on our way home from work and stayed there for some time.

A. called on B. called at C. dropped in D. called for

7. Once a plan is made, it must be firmly _______.

A. carried out B. carried off C. carry away D. carried on

8. . King called _____ the black people not to give _____ but to continue the struggle.

A. for; in B. on; in C. out ; away D. in; off

9. A big fire _______ in the hotel last night.

A. broke away B. broke up C. broke out D. was broken out

10. Don’t stay up too late, or your body will_______.

A. break up B. break out C. break off D. break down

11. A truck ______ Jane’s cat and sped away.

A. ran over B. ran into C. ran across D. ran down

12. I was late because my car ______.

A. broke up B. broke off C. broke down D. broke out

13. Nobody realized the importance of the problem when it was first ______ at the meeting.

A. brought about B. brought up C. brought on D. brought in

14. We were suddenly ______ in the middle of our telephone conversation.

A. cut out B. cut off C. rung off D. broken off

15. Can you ______ what is written on the board?

A. make of B. make up C. make out D. make away

16. He first ____ the proposal that men and women should receive equal pay for equal work.

A. put up B. put on C. put forward D. put out

17. ______ the oppression for long years, the peasants at last rebelled(反抗).

A. Having put up B. Having put through C. Having put up with D. Having put over

18. He ______ the family business when his father suffered a heart attack.

A. took up B. took over C. took after D. took on

19. I promise to _______ the matter as soon as I get back to the head office.

A. look for B. look in C. look into D. look up

20. I know all your tricks, so don’t try to take me _______.

A. in B. off C. up D. away

21. Science has ______ many changes in our life.

A. brought up B. brought about C. brought out D. brought down

22. To test his theory, the scientist ______ an experiment.

A. set out B. set off C. set about D. set forth

23. By the time the fire engine arrived, the fire had been ______ by many citizens.

A. put on B. put off C. put out D. put through

24. He’ll soon ______ his disappointment and be quite cheerful again by the morning.

A. get out of B. get over C. get through D. get away

25. I will _______my appointment until tomorrow.

A. put up B. put away C. put out D. put off

26. He _______ a sum of money every week for his old age.

A. sets up B. set out C. sets in D. set aside

27. You should tell from his big ears that he ______ his father.

A. took off B. took down C. took from D. took after

28. The weather forecast was good so it should ______ fine after all.

A. turn into B. turn up C. turn out D. turn over

29. I never expected you to ______ at the meeting. I thought you were abroad.

A. turn in B. turn on C. turn up D. turn to

30. Important people don’t often have much free time as their work ______ all their time.

A. takes away B. takes over C. takes up D. takes in

31. When they had finished playing, the children were made to _____all the toys they had taken out.

A. put off B. put out C. put up D. put away

32. The good service at the hotel _______ the poor food to some extend.

A. made for B. made out C. made up of D. made up for

33. – Why ask me to take that early bus?

--Because that bus _______ the 9:30 a.m. train at Boston.

A. joins to B. joins with C. unites with D. connects with

34. Don’t _______ when your teacher is giving you some advice how to master English.

A. drop in B. let out C. move in D. break in

35. I had a lot of books that I didn’t want to keep, so I _______ them away to a friend.

A. lent B. gave C. turned D. threw

36. If better use is _______ of your spare time, you’ll make great progress in it.

A. thought B. spent C. taken D. made

37. – Did you enjoy the book?

--Yes. It was so interesting that I couldn’t _______ it.

A. get rid of B. break away from C. keep away from D. tear myself away from

38. – Oh, my god! It’s just a sea of cars. How can you ______ your car?

A. took out B. find out C. pick out D. get out

39. – This is Xiao Li speaking.

--Hi, Xiao Li, please stay at home, I’ll_____ you at 6’clock and we’ll go to the cinema together.

A. call for B. wait for C. sent for D. look for

40. If Tim carries on working like this, he’ll ______ sooner or later.

A. break down B. give up C. get down D. break up

41. He said he would ______ what he had said.

A. take back B. take away C. take in D. take up

42. Who was it that ______ the secret?

A. gave out B. let out C. get out D. set out

43. I wish you’d stop _______. We all know how clever you are!

A. showing around B. showing off C. showing up D. showing over

44. Can you tell me how it ______ that you were an hour late?

A. came about B. came up C. came out D. came across

45. She ______ some old letters in the course of her search.

A. came across B. came out C. came up D. came about

46. News reports say peace talks between the two countries ______ with no agreement reached.

A. have broken down B. have broken out C. have broken in D. have broken off

47. Children under six are not______ to school except those of extraordinary intelligence.

A. permitted B. admitted C. accepted D. received

48. The doctor advised that I should______ smoking.

A. cut off B. cut out C. cut down D. cut away

49. He ______ some French while he was away on a business trip in Paris.

A. made out B. picked up C. gave up D. took in

50. University readers can ______ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.

A. get over B. get in C. get along D. get through

51. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to ______.

A. give out B. give in C. turned off D. go out

52. The engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather ______ the helplessness of the crew at sea.

A. added to B. resulted from C. turned out D. made up

53. The hall was full, and hundreds of fans had to be _______.

A. turned down B. turned off C. turned over D. turned away

54. We thought of selling this old furniture, but we’ve decided to ______ it. It might be valuable.

A. hold on to B. keep up with C. turn to D. look after

55. Although the working mother is very busy, she still _____ a lot of time to her children.

A. devotes B. spends C. offers D. provides

56. The seller would sell the sweater for nine dollars, but the customer ______ eight dollars.

A. charged B. asked C. sold D. offered

57. Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health ______ poor.

A. proves B. remains C. maintains D. continues

58. Burlington isn’t much more than a large village. Its streets were never ______ for heavy traffic.

A. tested B. meant C. kept D. used

59. We’re going to _____ with some friends for a picnic. Would you like to join us?

A. get in B. get over C. get along D. get together

60. His mother had thought it would be good for his character to ______ from home and earn some money on his own.

A. run away B. take away C. keep away D. get away

61. I don’t ______ rock’n’roll. It’s much too noisy for my taste.

A. go after B. go away with C. go into D. go for

62. It was not a serious illness, and she soon _____ it.

A. get over B. got on with C. got around D. got out of

63. We have to ______ the wheat as soon as possible because a storm is on the way.

A. get away B. get across C. get through D. get in

64. Once a decision is made, all of us should ______ it.

A. insist on B. stick to C. refer to D. lead to

65. It was foolish of him to ______ his notes during that important test, and as a result , he got punished.

A. stick to B. refer to C. look up D. point to

66. The final examination is coming up soon. It’s time for us to ______ our studies.

A. get down to B. get out C. get back for D. get over

67. I couldn’t ______. The line was busy.

A. go by B. go around C. get in D. get through

68. The storm died away at last with the golden waves ______ the shore in peace.

A. striking B. hitting C. beating D. knocking

69. Quite a few people used to believe that a disaster ______if a mirror was broken.

A. was sure of striking B. was sure of having struck

C. was sure to be struck D. was sure to strike

70. Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may _______ run over by a car.

A. have B. get C. become D. turn

71. If you ______ any problems when you arrive at the airport, give me a ring.

A. come up with B. set about C. run into D. put aside

72. Don't mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may _______ the shocking ending.

A. give away B. give out C. give up D. give off

73. －What’s the matter with you?－After the long walk ,my legs ______ and I couldn’t go any further.

A. gave out B. gave off C. gave in D. gave up

74. It suddenly _______me that I had to get to the airport to meet a friend.

A. took B. struck C. occurred D. surprised

75. Time will ______whether I made the right choice or not.

A. see B. say C. know D. tell

76. Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and _______ jokes.

A. turning up B. putting up C. making up D. showing up

Key：

1-5 BBAAC 6-10 BABCD 11-16 ACBBC 17-20 CBCAB 21-25 BCCBD 26-30 DDCCC

31-35 DDDDB 36-40 DDCAA 41-45ABBAA 46-50 ABCBC 51-55 DADAA 56-60 DBBDD

61-65 DADBB 66-70 ADCDB 71-76 CAABAC

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇9：主谓一致练习`````(人教版高三英语上册教学论文)

主谓一致练习

1. We each _____ strong points and each of us on the other hand ______ weak points.

A. have , have B. has, have C. has , has D. have, has

2. A library with five thousand books ______ to the nation as a gift.

A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered

3. The police _______ determined to bring back the missing boy when his family ______ almost given up all hope.

A. is, has B. are , have C. are , has D. is, have

4. In this institution a medal together with a prize of certain sum of money _____ gains success in science and technology every two years.

A. are given to anyone B. is given to whoever

C. are given to who D. is given to whom

5. You should try Larry and kevin's restaurant because _____ the best in the city.

A. theirs is B. their's is C. they are D. their's are

6. Only one of the students who __ present__ to speak at the meeting .

A. is, is B. are, are C. are , is D. is, are

7. ------ ______ the dollars a big sum of money to him ?

------ I suppose _________.

A. Are, to B. Were, to C. Will be, to D. Is , so

8. When and where to build the new factory ________ yet.

A. is not decided B. are not decided

C. had not decided D. have not decided

9. Either Tom or Jane did ________ homework in the classroom .

A. their B. theirs C. his D. her

10. Reading magazines and novels ________ helpful.

A. is B. are C. have D. has

11. In spring, many plants bloom, which ____ the world even more beautiful.

A. made B. make C. makes D. have made

12. It's not you but Mr. Anderson who ___ to answer ___ the incident.

A. are, for B. were, to C. is, for D. was , back

13. There are two books on the bookshelf. ______ of them ____ worth ______.

A. Both , are, being read B. All, are , reading

C. Neither, is, being read D. Either, is , reading

14. The number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them ______ absent for different reasons. ( MENT 96 )

A. were , was B. was, was C. was, were D. were , were

15. I don't think the poor _________ poor.

A. are always B. has been always C. is always D. always are

16. Every means _______ tried but without much result.

A. have been B. had C. has D. has been

17. At the meeting each man and each woman _______ praised by the manager yesterday.

A. was B. were C. would be D. had been

18. One and a half days ________ what I need.

A. was B. is C. are D. were

19. Sixty percent of the work______ . A. have been done

B. had been done C. has been done D. has done

20. ______ neither you nor your brother interested in swimming ?

A. Are B. Is C. Do D. Does

21. Such films _____ shown yesterday ______ not worth seeing again.

A. that was, is B. as were, are C. as were, is D. those were , are

22. Three fourths of the earth's surface ______ covered with water.

A. is B. are C. was D. were

23. About 85 percent of the students ____ good , and part of them _____ interested in biology.

A. is, are B. are, are C. are , is D. is , is

24. Politics ______ now taught in all schools.

A. is B. are C. be D. being

25. Do you know what his politics _______ ?

A. is B. are C. be D. being

26. The wounded __________ sent to the hospital at once .

A. were B. are C. is D. was

27. The Chinese _____ hard-working.

A. be B. being C. is D. are

28. The United Nations ______ in 1945.

A. are found B. is found C. was founded D. were founded

29. Our headmaster and secretary ______ kind and strict.

A. is B. be C. are D. were

30. More than one girl _______ late for class this morning.

A. are B. is C. was D. were

31. Many a student ______ in the exam.

A. have failed B. had been failed C. has failed D. will be failed

32. A pair of broken glasses ______ on the desk.

A. is laying B. is lying C. are lying D. are laying

33. What _______ the police looking for?

A. is B. are C. will D. did

34. No boy and no girl ______ waiting for the bus.

A. are B. be C. were D. is

35. There ______ I'd like to answer this evening.

A. are one or two letters B. has one or two letters

C. is one or two letters D. have one or two letters

36. Great quantities of fish ______ in the river in the past few days.

A. is caught B. are caught

C. has been caught D. have been caught

37. Why she didn't come here ______ quite clear.

A. are not B. will not C. isn't D. were not

38. What he says and what he does ___________ .

A. is not agree B. are not agree

C. does not agree D. do not agree

39. Not only politics but also English is important. In other word, ______ is important.

A. English , as well as politics B. politics as well as English

C. both politics and English D. politics as well as the English

40. This is the one of the books on the subject that ______ ever been written in Chinese.

A. have B. has C. had D. are

41. The exam he paid no attention to _ him the chance to go to college.

A. being costed B. costing C. cost D. costs

42. Not only the students but also the teacher ______ about the matter.

A. are talking B. is to talk C. have talked D. are having talked

43. On the ceiling of our classroom ______ four lights.

A. hang B. are hanged C. hanged D. hangs

44. The world's supplies of oil _____ gradually ______ up with the development of industry and the increase of cars.

A. is ; used B. are being; used C. has; used D. have been; using

45. He is one of the students who , I am sure, always do _____ best.

A. his B. one's C. my D. their

46. The population of China ____ over 12 million and eighty percent of the population _____ peasants.

A. is; are B. are; is C. is ; is D. are ; are

47. He said that the twelfth and last lesson _______ rather difficult .

A. were B. was C. will be D. are

48. His “Selected Poems” ______ first published in 1965.

A. were B. was C. has been D. were

49. All but one ______ here just now.

A. is B. was C. has been D. were

50. Seventy percent of the students here ______ from the country side.

A. is B. are C. comes D. has come

51. More than 60 percent of world’s radio programmes ___ in English.

A. is B. was C. are D. be

52. The whole class ______ the teacher attentively.

A. are listening to B. is listening to C. are listening D. is listening

53. The United States of America ______ one of the most developed countries in the world.

A. is B. are C. was D. were

54 The air in big cities ______ very dirty by factories.

A. are often made B. is often made C. have often made D. has often made

55. A large number of students of this school ______ fond of playing football.

A. are B. was C. is D. be

56. Mary as well as her sisters ______ Chinese in China.

A. are studying B. have studied C. studies D. study

57. I, who ______ your teacher, will try my best to help you with your lessons.

A. be B. am C. are D. is

58. Ten dollars ______a big sum for a small child , and they will go a long way .

A. are B. being C. have D. is

59. The rich ______ not always happy.

A. are B. is C. has D. have

60. Apples of this kind _______.

A. tastes good B. tastes well C. taste good D. taste well

61. The Olympic Games _______ held every _______ years.

A. is…four B. are…four C. is…five D. are…five

62. No one but her parents ______ it.

A. know B. knows C. is knowing d. are knowing

63. ______ a good enough price for this book.

A. Two yuans are B. Two yuan are C. Two yuans is D. Two yuan is

64. No bird and no beast _______ in the lonely island.

A. are seen B. is seen C. see D. sees

65. The news of victories ______ spreading far and wide.

A. is B. are C. have been D. were

66.Few of his family ______ with his imaginative ideas.

A. agree B. agrees C. are agreed D. is agreed

67. The paper for books and newspapers _____ made of wood.

A. are B. is C. has D. have

68. Neither your mother nor you ______ at home.

A. am B. is C. are D. be

69. It is she who _______ wrong.

A. is B. am C. are D. has been

70. ________ well looked after in that hospital. A. Wounded are

B. Wounded is C. The wounded are D. The wounded is

71. Twenty of us are old. The rest _______ young.

A. is B. are C. was D. were

72. The Smiths ______ to move into the new building.

A. are B. is C. has D. will

73. It is said the police ______ trying their best to catch the murderer.

A. have B. has C. is D. are

74. Here ______ a new pair of shoes for you.

A. is B. are c. have D. has

75. The best ______ still unknown.

A. is B. are C. be D. were

76. We each _______ to pass the entrance examinations.

A. hopes B. hope C. hoping D. is hoping

77. Bread and butter ______ a kind of food.

A. is B. are C. am D. be

78. The watch and chain ______ of gold.

A. is made B. are made C. were made D. am made

79. Half the eggs ______ bad.

A. is B. are C. am D. be

80. ______ this pair of glasses ______ her well?

A. Is…fit B. Do…fit C. Does…fit D. Are…fit

81. About eighty percent of the students in his class ___ below sixteen.

A. is B. are C. am D. be

82. There ______ a map of the world and some pictures on the wall.

A. is B. are C. am D. be

83. A large quantity of water pipes ______ needed.

A. are B. is C. has D. have

84. Large quantities of paper ______ wasted.

A. are B. is C. has D. have

85. How and why he ______ come to Princeton, New Jersey ______ a story of struggle, success and sadness.

A. had…was B. had… are C. had… has d. had… have

86. Not only I but also Jessie and Mary _____ tired of having one examination after another.

A. is B. are C. am d. be

87.My driving licence , rather than my credit cards, ______lost .,

A. have B. are C. is D. has

88. Nobody but Jane and Mary ______ secret.

A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known

89. A great deal of ______ was done to crops.

A. damages B. damaging C. damage D. ruin

90. -Do you want the pants?

-My pants ______ laid in bed.

A. is B. was C. are D. being

91. I told him what I was surprised ____ his attitude towards his study.

A. is B. was C. at is D. at was

92. I have finished a large part of the book; the rest ___ more difficult.

A. is B. are C. was D. were

93. They each ______ a new dictionary.

A. has B. have C. is D. are

94.The pilot as well as four of the passengers ______death .

A. has escaped B. have escaped C. has been escaped D. have been escaped

95. Every hour and every minute ______ important.

A. are B. were C. is D. will

96. Nobody except Bill and Johnny ______entered the second round of the interview.

A. have B. has C. have been D. has been

97. He is one of the old scientists who ______nothing about his personal income and fame .

A. cares B. care C. is caring D. are caring

98. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ________yet.

A.are not decided B.have not been decided

C.is not being decided D.has not been decided

99.Mary is one of the girls who ________by the headmaster at the meeting.

A. is praised B. are praised C.was praised D.were praised

100.Mary is the only one of the girls who________by the headmaster at the meeting.

A.is praised B.are praised C.was praised D.were praised

Keys:

01-10 DABBA CDADA 11-20 CCDCA DABCA

21-30 BABAB ADCAC 31-40 CBBDA DCDAB

41-50 CBABD ABBDB 51-60 CAACA CBDAC

61-70 BBDBA ACCAC 71-80 BADAA BAABC

81-90 BAAAA BCBCC 91-100 DABCC BBDDC

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇10：语法专项训练 (人教版高三英语上册教学论文)

语法专项训练

第一节 名词

▲ 知识要点总述

一、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词两大类。

1． 不可数名词一般没有单复数之分，主要有专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词。常考的有：advice, news, progress, money, furniture, fun, weather, information, luck, housework, wood, rice, grass, soap, medicine, work, bread, meat, wealth, music等。

2． 可数名词有单、复数之分，但下列名词常以复数形式出现。

Manners(礼貌), goods(货物), sands(河滩), ashes(灰烬), glasses(眼镜), make preparations for(准备), congratulations(祝贺), drinks(饮料), works(著作), tears(眼泪), regards(问候), thanks(感谢), trousers(裤子), clothes(衣服), sports(运动), plastics (塑料制品), means(方法手段)

3． 部分词可数、不可数意义不同。如：a paper(报纸); word(消息); a word(词)。

二、抽象名词具体化，不可数名词与可数名词的转化也是高考常考知识。

1． 部分抽象名词前有形容词修饰时，常须加冠词。

a bright future, have a good/ nice/ wonderful time, a great help, a good education, a wonderful supper/ lunch/ dinner

2． 与动词同形的名词构成的短语常加冠词。

have a look, go for a walk, have a smoke, make an answer, have a sleep

3． 部分情绪或心理活动的情感名词，表示抽象概念时，不可数；表示具体的事时，可数。如：

surprise (u.) 惊奇，诧异 in surprise

(c.) 令人惊奇的事 What a surprise!

pity (u.) 怜悯，同情 have pity on sb.

(c.) 可惜的事，憾事 It’s a pity

pleasure (u.) 愉快，高兴 with pleasure

(c.) 乐趣，乐事 It is a pleasure.

三、名词直接作定语与名词所有格作定语不一样，名词作定语主要有：

1． 表示类别：

coffee cup (咖啡杯) man doctor (男医生)

English lesson (英语课) college student (大学生)

shoe shop (鞋店) street light (路灯)

2． 表示原材料：

stone house (石头房子) straw hat (草帽)

wood desk (木桌) paper money (纸币)

3． 表示用途

lunch room (午餐室) sports field (运动场)

注：（1）名词作定语一般用单数，但某些须用复数形式；

a clothes shop, s sports meet, a sales girl, a goods train

(2) man, women 通常与名词一起变复数

men teachers, women drivers

(3) 所有格作定语与名词直接作定语意义不一样

a man driver (男司机)， a man’s driver (男士的司机)

四、名词的所有格

1． 在词尾加’s 表示“所属、所有”。

（1） 有生命的或被看作有生命名词的所有格一般加’s。

如：the worker’s name, the government’s plan, his brother’s bike, women’s Day

（2）表示国家、城市、时间、度量、天体、价值等无生命的名词的所有格加’s。如：China’s industry, the earth’s satellite, the Party’s policy, today’s newspaper, two miles’ walk

（3）表示某店铺、某人的家或省略上文提到的名词时，名词所有格后面的中心词常省略。

如：the Wangs’ , at my uncles’, the barber’s

（4）表示多人共同所有的同一物，在最后一个词尾加’s, 表示多人各自所有时，须分别加’s.

如：Mary and Jane’s room (共有)，Li Hua’s and Zhang Ying’s bikes (分别所有)

（5）以s结尾的复数名词一般加 “ ’ ”，以s结尾的专有名词加 “ ’ ” 或 “ ’s ”.

如：the boys’ desks the teachers’ desks

Engels’s works/ Engels’ works Dickens’/ Dickens’s book

（6）复合名词、不定代词、相互代词或以整体形式出现的名词一般在最末单词后加“ ’s ”

如：somebody else’s bike, whose else’s car, my daughter-in-law’s house

2． 用of表示所有格

（1） 无生命的名词一般用of表示所属关系。

如：the lights of the street, the parks of the city, the map of the country

（2） 某些有生命的名词的所有格两者均可，但修饰语较长时，须用of表示。

如：monkey’s tail/ the tail of the monkey

the story of the brave sisters

the son of the old man who lived in the country

3． 词的双重所有格，由 “of + 名词 + ’s ”或 “of + 名词性物主代词” 构成。

（1） 表示所属物的名词有冠词、不定代词或数词时（如：a, some, no, the, any, one, few等）。

a friend of her mother’s = one of her mother’s friends;

a photo of mine = one of my photos

（2） 被修饰的名词前有指示代词时或用来表示赞扬或厌恶等感情色彩时。

Everyone loves the little son of his sister’s.

We all dislike that pride of Tom’s. 我们都讨厌汤姆那种骄傲态度。

▲专项练习强化

1. A rough estimate, Nigeria is__________ Great Britain.

A. three times the size as B. the size three times of

C. three times as the size of D. three times the size of

2. He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his _______ was seen at its best when he worked with others.

A. temper B. appearance C. talent D. character

3. I am sure David will be able to find the library-he has a pretty good _______ of direction.

A．idea B．feeling C．experience D．sense

4. Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his_______.

A. ability B. force C. strength D. mind

5. My ______ of this weekend’s activity is going out with some good friends.

A. idea B. opinion C. mind D. thought

6. The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has _________ all over the country.

A．companies B．branches C．organizations D．businesses

7. --- I’m sorry I stepped outside for a smoke. I was very tired.

--- There is no ____ for this while you are on duty.

A. reason B. excuse C. cause D. explanation

8. “I don’t think it’s my _____ that the TV blew upl I just turned it on, that’s all.” said the boy.

A. error B. mistake C. fault D. duty

9. One of the consequences of our planet’s being warming up is a(n) ____ in the number of natural disasters.

A. result B. account C. reason D. increase

10. Life is tough in the city. In order to lose their ____, some people drink alcohol.

A. temper B. mood C. consciousness D. pressures

11.-How can I use this washing machine?

-Well, just refer to the ________.

A. explanations B. expressions C. introductions D. directions

12. I keep medicines on the top shelf , out of the children’s .

A. reach B. hand C. hold D. place

13.--Yang Yang carried off the first Winter Olympic ______ medal for China.

--Great! What ______ she won for our motherland!

A. golden; honour B. gold; honour C. golden; honours D. gold; honours

14. People need _________to live, which is measured in calories.

A. power B. energy C. strength D. force

15. Since the factory brought in the new technology, the _________ has risen _________ 20%.

A. products; by B. produce; from C. production; at D. production; by

16. The happy _______ of children playing in the garden disappears, and it is quiet again.

A. scene B. scenery C. scare D. spot

17. -Don’t do that again. Don’t you think it ______ time?

-But it may ______to be successful.

A. waste of; turn B. wastes of; turn in

C. waste of; turn up D. a waste of; turn out

18. In the storm, the three of us took under a big tree at the foot of the hill.

A. a cover B. a shower C. shelter D. care

19. My son is training hard on the state football team and he is showing great a great player.

A. interest in B. hope for C. experience of D. promise as

20. You’ll find this map of great ________in helping you to get round London.

A. price B. cost C. value D. usefulness

第二节 冠词

▲ 知识要点总述

一、词的基本用法

1．不定冠词a/an的用法：

（1）an 用于以元音开头的词前。如：an orange

a用于以辅音开头的词前。如：a book

注意：a university a useful book a European country

（2）泛指某人或事物，或表示类别。

She is a newcomer to chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.

（3）意为one 或every。

He should take the medicine three times a day.

（4）用语某些固定词组中。

all of a sudden, a few, a bit, a little

（5）不定代词的位置，一般置名词前，但置such, half等词后

a book an important report half a book such a book

注：so/ too/ how + 形容词 + a + 名词

He is so good a man that all like him.

2．定冠词的用法

（1）表示特定的或上文提到的人或物。

The warmth of the sweater will of course be determined by the sort of wool used.

（2）指世界上独一无二的事物。

如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the stars

（3）用在形容词前表一类人。

The rich should help the poor.

（4）用于姓氏复数形式前，表示全家人或夫妇俩。

The Blacks are going to call on the Whites.

（5）用于整十位的复数数词前，指某世纪的某个年代。

in the 1970’s/ in the 1970s 在20实际70年代

in the fifties 在五十年代

（6）用于由普通名词构成的专有名词以及江、河、湖等名词前。

the United States, the Yellow River, the West Lake

（7）用于乐器名称前面。

Alice is fond of playing the piano while Henry is interested in listening to music.

（8）用于下列固定结构中。

the younger of the two boys

The sooner, the better.

The guard caught him by the arm.

二、不定冠词的情况

（1）物质名词、抽象名词和专有名词（人名、地名）一般不用冠词，但物质名词、抽象名词具体化或专有名词泛指时，常用不定冠词。

Mr Zhang wants to visit Beijing.

A Mr Zhang wants you to go for a walk.

（2）泛指节假日、季节、月份、星期几时不用冠词。

on New Year’s Day/ Children’s Day, in June, on Friday, in winter

（3）球类、棋类名词、学科名词前不用冠词

Tom likes playing volleyball while I like playing football.

This term we will study maths, physics and chemistry.

（4）餐名前一般不用冠词。

have/ at/ after/ before breakfast (lunch, supper, dinner)

但餐名前如有形容词修饰时，长用a/ an; 特指时也需用the.

They had a wonderful dinner.

The lunch was well cooked on Women’s Day.

（5）含有对比意义或习惯上一起使用的普通名词并列时，不用冠词。

day and night, body and soul, knife and fork, husband and wife, arm in arm

（6）by + 交通工具，不用冠词

by car/ bus/ boat/ bike/ air/ sea/ plane

但 in/ on a train/ bus, in a car, in a boat, on a bike, take a bus

（7）注意下列习惯用法，有无冠词意义不一样

go to college (上大学) go to the college (到学院去)

go to school (上学) go to the school (到学校去)

go to hospital (看医生) go to the hospital (到医院去)

at see (出海) at the sea (在海边)

in charge of (管理、负责) in the charge of (由……主管、负责)

at table (吃饭) at the table (在桌旁)

four of us (我们中的四人，我们不只四人)

the four of us (我们四人，我们只有四人)

▲专项练习强化

1. When he left college , he got a job as reporter in a newspaper office .

A. 不填；a B. 不填；the C. a ; the D. the ; the

2. I knew ______ John Lennon, but not ______ famous one.

A. 不填；a B. a；the C. 不填；the D. the；a

3. I can't remember when exactly the Robinsons left __ city. I only remember it was ____ Monday.

A. the, the B. a, the C. a, a D. the, a

4. On May 5, , at ________World Table Tennis Championship, Kong Linghui and Wang Hao

won the gold medal in men's doubles with ________ score of 4: 1.

A. a; a B. 不填; the C. a; 不填 D. the; a

5. If you grow up in ______ large family, you are more likely to develop ______ ability to get on

well with ________ others.

A．/; an; the B．a; the; / C．the; an; the D．a; the; the

6. If you go by _________ train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get __________ fast one.

A．the; the B．不填；a C．the; a D．不填；不填

7.The most important thing about cotton in history is part that it played in Industrial Revolution.

A.不填；不填 B. the；不填 C. the ;the D. a; the

8. After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson ______ ride to ______ Capital Airport.

A. the; a B. a; the C. 不填; a D.不填; the

9. This book tells ________ life story of John Smith, who left ______ school and worked for a

newspaper at the age of 16.

A．the; the B．a; the C．the; 不填 D．a; 不填

10.The sign reads“ In case of _______fire, break the glass and push _______red button.”

A.不填;a B.不填; the C. the ;the D. a ;a

11. I earn 10 dollars ____ hour as ____ supermarket cashier on Saturdays.

A. a… an B. the… a C. an… a D. an… the

12. Historically, ________ main material for making tables has been wood, but ________ metal and stone have also been used.

A. the;不填 B.不填；不填 C. the; the D.不填；the

13. While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made ______ discover

which completely changed ______ man’s understanding of color.

A. a…不填 B. a…the C. 不填…the D. the…a

14.The party last night was ____success. We sang and danced until it came to ___ end at twelve.

A. a; an B. a; the C. the; an D./; an

15. --Do you mind if I change another book? Because ___ page of the book is torn, and ___cover looks dirty.

--No, of course not.

A. the; the B. a; the C. a; a D. the; a

16. ____Shanghai you see today is quite ____different city from what it used to be.

A. The; / B. /; the C. The; a D.A; a

17. Many people believed that ____prison isn't___only cure for law-breakers.

A. a; the B./; the C. the; the D. the; a

18. The young manager already speaks ___English like a native. Now he's learning___really difficult language Arabic.

A. an; a B./; the C. the; a D./; a

19. --Have you seen__watch? I left it here this morning.

--I think I saw one somewhere. Is it ___new one?

A. a; / B. a; the C. the; a D. a; a

20.--I hear the workers in this factory get paid by ____ week. --Correct, and most of them get about 300 yuan_____ week.

A./; a B. the;/ C. a; the D. the; a

第二节 代词

▲ 知识要点总述

一、代词的分类及其基本用法

单数 复数 功能

第一人称 第二人称 第三

人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三

人称

人称代词 主格 I you he, she, it we you they 主

宾格 me you him, her, it us you them 宾

物主代词 形容词性 my your his, her, its our your their 宾

名词性 mine yours his, hers, its ours yours theirs 主、宾、表

反身代词 myself your- self himself, herself, itself ourselves yourselves themselves 同位语宾

指示代词 this, that these, those 定、主、宾

相互代词 宾格 each other, one another 宾

所有格 each other’s, one another’s 定

不定代词 可数 each, one, many (a)few, bother, another , either, neither 主、定、宾

不可数 much, (a)little

可数，不可数 all, some, none, such, any, other 定、主、宾

复合

不定代词 anybody, anyone, anything, somebody, someone, something, nobody, nothing, everybody, everyone, everything 主、宾、表

疑问代词 who, whom, whose, which, what 主、宾、定

连接代词 who(ever), whom(ever), whose(ever), which(ever), what(ever) 主、宾、定

关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that, as 主、宾、定

例：His camera is more expensive than hers.

Kate and her sister went on holiday with a cousin of theirs.

Tom felt that he knew everybody’s business better than they knew it themselves.

二、it的用法是高考常考点。

1． it 代前面提到过的人或事物。

Someone is knocking at the door, who is it?

He has lost his car but he can’t find it.

2． 指时间、距离、天气、环境等。

It is ten minutes’ walk.

It is raining hard.

3． 用作引导词，代替动作、不定式或that从句在句中作主语、宾语等。

（1） 形式主语

It is very kind of you to help me.

It is no use crying for spilt milk.

It takes me two hours to finish the work.

（2） 形式宾语，当复合宾语中的宾语为动名词、不定式、宾语从句时，常将宾语置宾补后，而用it 作形式宾语。

We found it no use quarrelling with her.

Mary thought it very important to read English aloud.

She made it known that he had beaten her before.

4． 用于强调句。用来突出、强调句子的某一部分（主要是句子的主语、宾语、状语等）。

（1） 被前掉部分指人时，用who或that均可。

It was jenny that/who I saw yesterday.

（2） 指物、时间、地点等用that。

Was it in this palace that the last emperor died?

It was during the second world war that he died?

（3） 被强调的部分有人、物时只能用that。

It was the things and people that I still remember when I was a child.

（4） 被前掉的代词的格式与原句的格式一致。

It is her that he wants to see.

It is we who want to see her.

（5） 被前掉的如是原句的主语，谓语在人称和数上应和原句的主语一致。

It is I who am going to study there.

（6） 强调特殊疑问句中的疑问词时，须将疑问词置句首，仍是疑问句。

Who is it that will come to see us?

（7） 强调名词从句中的特殊疑问词时，须将疑问词置从句之前。

I don’t know what it is that he wants.

（8） 对not…until…强调时，应将not until连在一起。

It was not until you told me about it that I knew the news.

It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous star.

三、部分不定代词的区分也是高考考查的重点

1. it, one, that, ones

it: 替代特定的同一事物，可代指不可数名词或可数名词单数，复数为them;

one: 替代一个不确定的泛指的人或无，只代指可数名词单数，复数为ones;

that: 代指特定的，但不是同一的事物，可代指不可数名词或单数可数名词，复数为 those.

比较：Peter lost his English book but he found it.

He was looking forward to a bike and he now has one.

The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Wuhan.

2. some, any, one

(1) any 常用语否定句、疑问句或掉件状语从句中，some 多用语具有肯定意义的句中。

There are some books on the table. There aren’t any pens.

(2) some 也可用语说话人期待肯定回答或语气婉转的场合，any 意为“任何”时可用于肯定句，后接单数或复数名词。

Would you like some tea?

Any student can do it.

(3) one 可泛指任何人，可置形容词或the, that, this 等词之后代指刚提到的可数名词，复数为ones, 反身代词为 oneself。

The book is not the one I’m looking for.

One should respect oneself.

3. the other, other, others, another

(1) the others “其余的人或物”，指一定范围内的所有其余部分。others “另外的人或事物，其他的人或事物”，指没有明确特指的别的人或物。

This book is better that the others.

We should not think of ourselves but more of others.

(2) the other 接单数名词意为“两个中的另一个”，接复数名词，表示“一定范围内的另外一些人/物”。

He has a hat in one hand and a flower in the other.

Can you visit the other farms besides this?

(3) another “其他，别的”，指不定数目（超过两个）中的另一个。

This hat is too small. Show me another.

(4) other 不单独使用，后需接单数或复数名词，表示无范围的“另外的，别的”；此外 other 和another 还可与数词连用，注意词序不同。

Another + 数词 + 复数名词； 数词 + other + 复数名词

Tommy is going camping wither two other little boys.

If you want to change for a double room you’ll have to pay another $15.

4. either, neither, both, none, all

all可代指或修饰可数名词（三个或以上）或不可数名词；both 指两个人或物；either 指两者中的任何一个；neither 指两者中任何一个都不；none 可代指可数名词（三个或以上）或不可数名词，“一个也没有”，“一点也没有”。

We couldn’t eat in a restaurant because none of us had any money on us.

---Shall I sit at this end of the boat or the other end?

---If you keep still, you can sit at either end.

▲专项练习强化

1. I think he's just going to deal with this problem ______ day.

A. next B. other C. following D. another

2. First ,it is important to recognize what kind of person you are and which special qualities make

you different from .

A．everyone else B．the other C．someone else D．the rest

3. You will find as you read fiats book that you just can't keep some of these stones to ______.

You will want to share them with a friend.

A. itself B. yourself C. himself D. themselves

4. Cars do cause us some health problems -in fact far more serious _______ than mobile phones

do.

A．one B．ones C．it D．those

5. The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but _______ didn’t help.

A．it B．she C．which D．he

6. I'm moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than________ in the city.

A. ones B. one C. that D. those

7. The chairman thought necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting .

A．that B．it C．this D．him

8. She had long been expecting a chance to study abroad, and at last she got _____.

A. it B. that C. another D. one

9. I think the chairs are not enough. We still need ______ 20 ones.

A. another B. the other C. other D. some other

10. - Victor certainly cares too much about himself.

- Yes. He’s never interested in what ______ is doing.

A. no one else B. anyone else C. someone else D. nobody else

11. I don’t think we’ve met before. You’re taking me for ______.

A. some other B. someone else C. other person D. one other

12.-There's coffee and tea ;you can have__________.

-Thanks.

A. either B. each C. one C. it

13. –Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard .

-Why ________? John is sitting there doing nothing.

A. him B. he C.I D. me

14. Shanghai is really a fascinating city and we’ve decided to stay for ____ two weeks.

A. another B. other C. the other D. other’s

15. I prefer a flat in Inverness to _______in Perth, because I want to live near my Mom’ s.

A. one B. that C. it D. this

16．We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made _____ from some wood we had.

A. it B. one C. himself D. another

17. That' s an unpleasant thing to say about your father after______ he' s done for you.

A. something B. anything C. all D. that

18. She doesn’t know anyone here. She has got______to talk to.

A. anyone B. someone C. everyone D. no one

19. It is easy to do the repair , you need is a hammer and some nails .

A. Something B. All C. Both D. Everything

20.- One week’s time has been wasted.

- I can’t believe we did all that work for .

A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything

第三节 数词和介词

▲ 知识要点总述

数词

1.基数词

(1)hundred, thousand, million, billion表示确切的数目时不能加s，但在表示不确切数目时要用复数形式。

five

篇11：主谓一致练习(人教版高三英语上册教学论文)

主谓一致练习

1.E-mail, as well as telephones, ________an important part in daily communication.

A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play

2. He is the only one of the students who ________ a winner of scholarship for three years.

A. is B. are C. have been D. has been

3. She is one of the few girls who ________ in the kindergarten.

A. is well paid B. are well paid C. is paying well D. are paying well

4. Nobody but Jane________ the secret.

A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known

5. All but one________ here just now.

A. is B. was C. has been D. were

6. A library with five thousand books________ to the nation as a gift.

A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered

7. Either you or the headmaster________ the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting.

A. is handing out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand out

8. Not only I but also Jane and Mary________ tired of having one examination after another.

A. is B. are C. am D. be

9.The number of people invited______ fifty, but a number of them______ absent for different reasons.

A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were

10.-Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, ________ to go to university.

-So do I.

A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hoped

11.________of the land in that district ________ covered with trees and grass.

A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are

12.Every possible means ________ to prevent the pollution, but the sky is still not clear.

A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used

13.. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday________ yet.

A. are not decided B.have not been decided C.is not being decided D.has not been decided

14. When and where to build the new factory ________yet.

A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided

反意疑问句练习

1. You'd rather watch TV this evening, ______?

a. isn't it b. hadn't you c. wouldn't you d. won't you

2. I suppose you're not going today, ______?

a. are you b. do you c. don't you d. aren't you

3. I wish to shake hands with you, ______?

a. shall b. may I c. do I d. will I

4. Three hours ought to be enough time, ______?

a. oughtn't three hours b. didn't they c. shouldn't it d. shouldn't three hours

5. They have to study a lot, ______?

a. don't they b. haven't they c. did they d. hadn't they

6. When the car crashed, your brother escaped being hurt, ______ ?

a. didn't he b. did he c. did it d. didn't it

7. I'm sure dirty, ______?

a. am I b. isn't I c. aren't I d. am not I

8. You seem to be dissatisfied with your present post. I don't think you judged your ability objectively when you applied for it, ______ you?

a. do b. did c. don't d. didn't

9. That's the sort of the book you want, ______?

a. is it d. isn't that c. is that d. isn't it

10. All these dictionaries are a great help to you, ______?

a. are they b. aren't they c. are all these dictionaries d. aren't all these dictionaries

11. The movie that we saw last week was quite interesting, ______?

a. wasn't it b. was it c. didn't we d. weren't we

12. Tom has been writing letters all afternoon, but he should have finished them by now, _____?

a. hasn't he b. has he c. shouldn't he d. didn't you

13. David told me that you would take a trip to America, ______?

a. would you b. wouldn't you c. did you d. didn't you

14. There appeared to be no better way, _______?

a. was there b. were there c. did there d. didn't there

15. You had some trouble finding where I live, ______?

a. didn't you b. hadn't you c. do I d. don't I

16. He has his hair cut every month, ______?

a. has he b. hasn't he c. does he d. doesn't he

17. Your friend needs to come earlier, ______?

a. does he b. doesn't he c. need he d. needn't he

18. The little boy dare not go to church, ______?

a. dare he b. daren't he c. does he d. doesn't he

19. Susan would have worked abroad if she'd had the chance, ______?

a. has she b. hadn't she c. would she d. wouldn't she

20. Everyone's having a good time, ______?

a. is he b. isn't everyone c. does he d. aren't they

21. Any one can join the club, ______?

a. can any one b. can't any one c. can't they d. can they

22. Tell me how to operate the electronic computer, ______?

a. will you b. shan't you c. do you d. don't you

23. Magaret scarcely comes to visit you on Christmas Day, ______?

a. doesn't she b. does she c. do you d. don't you

24. Let's listen to the radio program that the teacher mentioned, ______?

a. do we b. don't we c. shall we d. shan't we

25. You think you're funny, ______?

a. didn't you b. are you c. don't you d. do you

26. Janet used to take part in labor in that village, ______?

a. used she b. did she c. didn't she d. should she

27. What beautiful weather, ______?

a. is it b. isn't it c. won't it d. doesn't it

28. He ought to go to Kwangchow by plane, ______?

a. should he b. shouldn't he c. would he d. wouldn't he

29. We never dared to ask him a question, ______?

a. did we b. didn't we c. dared we d. daren't we

30. Nobody will believe how difficult his work has been ______?

a. will he b. won't nobody c. will they d. won't they

31. You must have made the mistake, ______?

a. mustn't you b. haven't you c. didn't you d. hadn't you

32. Learning how to repair computers takes a long time, ______?

a. isn't it b. aren't they c. doesn't it d. don't they

33. Jack has coffee with breakfast, ______?

a. hasn't Jack b. hasn't he c. doesn't Jack d. doesn't he

34. They must have stayed at hotel last night, ______?

a. mustn't they b. haven't they c. didn't they d. hadn't they

35. There isn't anything wrong with the radio, ______?

a. is there b. is it c. does it d. does there

36. You must be hungry, ______?

a. must you b. mustn't you c. are you d. aren't you

37. Let's do the exercises by ourselves, ______?

a. shall we b. shan't we c. will you d. will we

38. Her daughter had the carpets and curtains cleaned, ______?

a. had she b. hadn't she c. didn't she d. didn't her daughter

39. The teacher had a talk with you, ______?

a. has you b. hadn't she c. did she d. didn't she

40. Something'll have to be done about the air pollution, ______?

a. won't it b. will it c. has it d. does it

主谓一致答案: ADBBD ADBCB CCDA

反意疑问句练习答案

1-5 CABCA 6-10 ACBDB 11-15 ACBDA 16-20 DBADD

21-25 CABCD 26-30 CBBAC 31-35 BCDCA 36--40 CACDA

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇12：高考英语陷阱题总结--动词时态 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

高考英语陷阱题总结归纳--动词时态

◆典型陷阱题分析◆

1. “I _____ his telephone number.” “I have his number, but I ____ to bring my phone book.”

A. forget, forget B. forgot, forgot

C. forget, forgot D. forgot, forget

【陷阱】容易误选A，认为“忘记”是现在的事。

【分析】仔细体会一下对话的语境：第一个人说“我忘记他的电话号码了”，这个“忘记”应该是现在的情况，即现在忘记了，要不然就没有必要同对方说此话了，故第一空应填 forget；第二个人说“我有他的号码，但我忘记带电话本了”，这个“忘记”应该是过去的情况，即过去忘记带电话本，所以现在电话本不在身上（注意句中的转折连词 but），故第二空应填 forgot，即答案选应C.请再看一例：

- Oh, I ______ where he lives.

- Don’t you carry your address book？

No, I ______ to bring it.

A. forget, forget B. forgot, forgot

C. forget, forgot D. forgot, forget

答案选C，理由同上。

2. I had hoped to see her off at the station, but I _____ too busy.

A. was B. had been

C. would be D. would have been

【陷阱】容易误选B或D，认为前句用了had hoped，所以此句谓语要用B或D与之呼应。

【分析】但正确答案为A，前一句谓语用had hoped，表示的是过去未曾实现的想法或打算，可以译为“本想”，而后一句说“我太忙”，这是陈述过去的一个事实，所以要用一般过去时。请做以下类似试题（答案均为A）：

（1） We had hoped to catch the 10：20 train, but _____ it was gone.

A. found B. had found

C. would find D. would have found

（2） We had hoped that you would be able to visit us, but you _____.

A. didn’t B. hadn’t

C. needn’t D. would not have

（3） We had wanted to come to see him, but we ____ no time.

A. had B. had had

C. would have D. would have had

（4） I had expected to come over to see you last night, but someone ______ and I couldn’t get away.

A. called B. had called

C. would call D. would have called

（5） The traffic accident wouldn’t have happened yesterday, but the driver _______ really careless.

A. was B. is

C. were D. had been

3. Dear me！ Just _____ at the time！ I _____ no idea it was so late.

A. look, have B. looking, had

C. look, had D. looking, have

【陷阱】此题容易误选D，认为第一空用现在分词表伴随，第二空填 have 的一般现在时，以保持与前面时态的一致性。

【分析】其实，此题应选C，第一空应填 look, 因为这是祈使句的谓语；第二空应填 had，因为前一句说“看看时间吧”，这一看当然知道了现在很迟的情形，“不知道这么迟了”显然应是“过去”的事，故应用一般过去时态，许多同学由于忽略这一隐含的语境而误选。

4. “Your phone number again？ I _____ quite catch it.” “It’s 4331577”

A. didn’t B. couldn’t

C. don’t D. can’t

【陷阱】此题容易误选C，认为此处要用一般现在时态，表示现在“没听清对方的话”。

【分析】其实，此题答案应选A，根据上文的语境“请把你的电话号码再说一遍好吗？”可知“没听清对方的电话号码”应是在说此话以前，故应用一般过去时态。请看以下类似试题：

（1） “Mr Smith isn’t coming tonight.” “ But he _____.”

A. promises B. promised

C. will promise D. had promised

答案选B，“他答应（要来）”应发生在过去。

（2） “Hey, look where you are going！” “Oh, I’m terribly sorry. _____.”

A. I’m not noticing B. I wasn’t noticing

C. I haven’t noticed D. I don’t notice

答案选B，“我没注意”是对方提醒之前的事，现经对方一提醒，当然注意到了。

（3） “Oh it’s you！ I ________ you.” “I’ve had my hair cut.”

A. didn’t realize B. haven’t realized

C. didn’t recognize D. don’t recognized

答案选C.“没认出是你”是说此话之前的事，说此话时显然已经认出了对方。

（4） “What’s her new telephone number？” “Oh, I _____.”

A. forget B. forgot

C. had forgotten D. am forgetting

此题应选A，从语境上看，“忘记”的时间应是现在，即指现在不记得了。

（5） “Since you’ve agreed to go, why aren’t you getting ready？” “But I ______ that you would have me start at once.”

A. don’t realize B. didn’t realize

C. hadn’t realized D. haven’t realized

答案选B.“没意识到”是对方提醒之前的事。

（6） “It’s twelve o’clock, I think I must be off now.” “Oh, really？ I ______ it at all.”

A. don’t realize B. haven’t realized

C. didn’t realize D. hadn’t realized

答案选C.“没意识到”是在听到的话之前的事。

5. Mr Smith ______ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether he has finished it.

A. has written B. wrote

C. had written D. was writing

【陷阱】容易误选B或C.

【分析】此题应选D，这是由 but I don’t know whether he has finished it 这一句话的语境决定的，全句意为“史密斯先生去年在写一本书，但我不知道他现在是否写完了”。有的同学可能由于受 last year的影响而误选B.但若选B，则句子前半部分的意思则变为“史密斯先生去年写了一本书”，既然是“写了”，那么这与下文的“但我不知道他现在是否写完了”相矛盾。

6. He has changed a lot. He _______ not what he _______.

A. is, is B. was, was

C. is, was D. was, is

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】最佳答案选C，上文说“他”变化很大，即“他”现在不是过去的那个样子了，故第一空填is，第二空填 was（其实第二空也可用 used to be）。请看类例：

“What place is it？” “Haven’t you found out we _____ back where we ______？”

A. were, had been B. have been, are

C. are, were D. are, had been

答案选C，We are back where we were 的意思是“我们（现在）又回到刚才来过的地方”。

7. He is very busy. I don’t know if he _____ or not tomorrow.

A. come B. comes

C. will come D. is coming

【陷阱】此题容易误选B.认为 if 引导的是条件状语从句，从句谓语要用一般现在时表示将来意义。

【分析】其实，此题答案应选C，句中if引导的不是条件状语从句（即if≠如果），而是宾语从句（即if＝是否），句意为“他很忙，我不知道明天他是否会来。”请看以下类似试题：

（1） I don’t know if she _____, but if she ____ I will let you know.

A. comes, comes B. will come, will come

C. comes, will come D. will come, comes

答案选 D，第一个 if 引导的是宾语从句，第二个 if 引导的是条件状语从句。

（2） “When _____ he come？” “I don’t know, but when he _____, I’ll tell you.”

A. does, comes B. will, will come

C. does, will come D. will, comes

答案选 D，第一个 when 疑问副词，用于引出一个特殊疑问句；第二个 when是从属连词，用于引导时间状语从句。

（3） “When he _____ is not known yet.” “But when he ____, he will be warmly welcomed.”

A. comes, comes B. will come, will come

C. comes, will come D. will come, comes

答案选 D，第一个 when 引导的是主语从句，第二个 when引导的是时间状语从句。

8. The bridge, which _____ 1688, needs repairing.

A. is dated from B. was dated from

C. dates from D. dated from

【陷阱】此题容易误选B或D，认为句中用了 1688 这个过去时间，所以应选过去时态，又因为 date from 不用于被动语态，所以只能选D.

【分析】其实此题的最佳答案应是C，因为 date from 的意思是“自某时起存在至今”（＝have existed since），它通常用于一般现在时，而不用过去时态（尽管其后接的总是表示过去的时间）。如：

The church dates from 1176. 这座教堂是六世纪建的。

The castle dates from the 14th century. 这座城堡是14世纪建的。

但若所谈论的东西现在已不复存在，则可用一般过去时。如：

The church, which dated from the 13th century, was destroyed in an earthquake two years ago. 那座教堂是13世纪建成的，两年前在一次地震中被毁了。

注：与 date from 同义的 date back to 也有类似用法。

9. “You’ve left the light on.” “Oh, so I have. _____ and turn it off.”

A. I’ll go B. I’ve gone

C. I go D. I’m going

【陷阱】容易误选D.

【分析】A和D两者均可表示将来，填入空格处似乎都可以。但实际上只有A是最佳的，因为根据上下文的语境来看，“我去把灯关掉”这一行为是说话人听了对方的话后临时想到的，而不是事先准备的。而按英语习惯：will 和 be going to后接动词原形均可表示意图，但意图有强弱之分，如果是事先考虑过的意图，要用 be going to；如果不是事先考虑过的，而是说话时刻才临时想到的意图，则用 will.比较：

“I’ve come out without any money.” “Never mind, I will lend you some.” “我出来没带钱。”“没关系，我借给你。”（句中用will lend，表示“借”钱给对方是临时想到的，即听了对方的话后临时作出的反应）

I’ve bought a typewriter and I’m going to learn to type. 我买了台打字机，我想学打字。（句中用 be going to learn to type，表示说话人要学打字是事先准备的，并为此买了台打字机）

◆精编陷阱题训练◆

1. Look at that little boy wandering about - perhaps he _____ his mother.

A. will lose B. is losing

C. had lost D. has lost

2. It’s good that we _____ to the park because it’s started to rain.

A. don’t go B. hadn’t gone

C. didn’t go D. wasn’t going

3. I _____ for five minutes； why don’t they come？

A. am calling B. called

C. was calling D. have been calling

4. You _____ your turn so you’ll have to wait.

A. will miss B. have missed

C. are missing D. had missed

5. We _____ to move but are still considering where to go to.

A. are deciding B. decided

C. have decided D. had decided

6. I left my pen on the desk and now it’s gone； who _____ it？

A. took B. has taken

C. will take D. had taken

7. They won’t buy any new clothes because they _____ money to buy a new car.

A. save B. were saving

C. have saved D. are saving

8. I _____ your last point - could you say it again？

A. didn’t quite catch B. don’t quite catch

C. hadn’t quite catch D. can’t quite catch

9. You’ll never guess who I met today - my old teacher！ We _____ for 20 years.

A. don’t meet B. haven’t met

C. hadn’t met D. couldn’t meet

10. I feel sure I _____ her before somewhere.

A. was to meet B. have met

C. had met D. would meet

11. They haven’t arrived yet but we _____ them at any moment.

A. are expected B. have expected

C. are expecting D. will expect

12. I think you must be mistaken about seeing him at the theatre； I’m sure he _____ abroad all week.

A. is B. was

C. has been D. had been

13. The students _______ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _______ in the office.

A. had written, left B. were writing, has left

C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left

14. I tried to phone her, but even as I _____ she was leaving the building.

A. phoned B. would phone

C. had phoned D. was phoning

15. “I suppose you _____ that report yet？” “I finished it yesterday, as a matter of fact.”

A. didn’t finish B. haven’t finished

C. hadn’t finished D. wasn’t finishing

16. -Didn’t the guard see him breaking into the bank？

-No, he _______ in the other direction.

A. was looking B. had looked

C. looked D. is looking

17. How can you possibly miss the news？ It _______ on TV all day long.

A. has been B. had been

C. was D. will be

18. “I thought you might have got drunk.” “Yes, I ______.”

A. almost have B. almost had

C. almost did D. might have

19. You ______ television. Why not do something more active？

A. always watch B. are always watching

C. have always watched D. have always been watching

20. “I took part in the TOEFL. It was really hard.” “Did you ______ a lot？”

A. Have you studied B. Did you study

C. Had you studied D. Do you study

21. “What’s your opinion on the matter, please？” “Oh, sorry, I _______.”

A. wasn’t to listen B. haven’t listened

C. wasn’t listening D. hadn’t listened

22. “Aha, you’re a chain smoker！” “Only at home. Nobody _______ that but you.”

A. discovered B. had discovered

C. discovers D. is discovering

23. The telephone _______ three times in the last hour, and each time it ________ for my father.

A. had rang； was B. has rung； was

C. rang； has been D. has been ringing； is

24. The thief tried to break away from the policeman who ______ him, but failed.

A. has held B. had held

C. was holding D. would hold

25. When I arrived at the company, the manager ______, so we had only time for a few words.

A. just went away B. had gone away

C. was just going away D. has just gone away

26. “John took a photograph of you just now.” “Oh, really？ I ______.”

A. didn’t know B. wasn’t knowing

C. don’t know D. haven’t known

27. “Mike is not coming to the football game this afternoon.” “It’s a shame！ He _______！”

A. promises B. promised

C. will promise D. had promised

28. Please call again. Jim _______ a bath just now.

A. has had B. was having

C. is having D. has

29. “Was Andrew there when you arrived？” “Yes, but he ______ home soon afterwards.”

A. had gone B. has gone

C. is going D. went

30. “Where is Mother.” “She is in the kitchen. She _______ the housework all morning.”

A. is doing B. was doing

C. has done D. has been doing

31. The books, ________ the dictionaries, must be put back where they ________.

A. included； were B. to include； are

C. including； were D. including； are

◆答案与解析◆

1. 选D.根据那个小男孩徘徊的现象，推知他可能是找不到妈妈了。用现在完成时表示结果。

2. 选C.句意为“好在我们（刚才）没有去公园，因为天（现在）已经开始下雨了”。

3. 选D.用现在完成进行时表示持续到现在的一段时间。

4. 选B，用现在完成时表示结果，即你已经错过了机会，其结果是：你只能等。

5. 选C.用现在完成时表示影响。

6. 选B.用现在完成时表示影响或结果，即现在笔不见了，是由于某人已经把它拿走了的结果。

7. 选D.用现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。

8. 选A.从下文的语境看，既然现在叫对方重复一遍，说明“没听清对方的最后一点”应发生在过去（即说此话之前）。

9. 选B.用现在完成时表示从过去持续到现在的一段时间。

10. 选B.before 用作副词时不与具体时间连用，泛指“以前”，通常与一般过去时或现在完成时连用。

11. 选C.用现在进行时表示目前的一种状态。

12. 选C.用现在完成时表示影响或结果，即他整个星期都在国外，所以你说你在剧院见过他，你一定是搞错了。

13. 选D.“把书忘在办公室”发生在“去取书”这一过去的动作之前，因此“忘了书”这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在“同学们正忙于……”这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。

14. 选D.注意even as 的意思，它表示“正当……的时候”或“恰当……的时候”。

15. 选B.注意下文语境--事实上，我昨天就做完了。从该回答的语气上推测，填空处应填现在完成时态。

16. 选A.表示当时正在进行的动作。

17. 选A.表示目前一种持续的状态。

18. 选C.句中的 might have got drunk是对过去情况的推测，故答句所指的情况也应在过去，故选C.

19. 选B.always 与进行时态连用，可以表示高兴、满意、抱怨、厌恶等感情色彩。

20. 选C.根据took的时态可知，“参加托福考试”发生在过去；而对方问“是否努力学习过？”这肯定问的是参加考试以前的事，故用过去完成时。

21. 选C.“没听”肯定是刚才的事，所以应用过去时态。

22. 选C.答句陈述的是客观事实，故用一般现在时态。

23. 选B.按英语语法，“in the last [past]+一段时间”通常与现在完成时连用。

24. 选C.用过去进行时表示当时在持续的一种状态。

25. 选C.由于下文说we had only time for a few words，说明“经理”正准备离开。

26. 选A.“不知道”是对方告诉自己之前的事，故用一般过去时。

27. 选B.根据语境，他“答应”发生在过去，故用一般过去时。

28. 选C.just now 有两个意思：一是表示“刚才”，此时just now 为习语；二是表示“现在”、“眼前”、“就在此时”，此时 just 意为“正好”、“恰好”，用以修饰副词now.根据句子语境，句中的 just now 应取上面的第二个意思。

29. 选D.Andrew“回家”发生在你见到他（发生在过去）之后不久。

30. 选 D.现在完成进行时表示从过去至今一直在持续的动作。

31. 选 C.第一空including不填 included，因为其后带有宾语；第二填 were，是因为它是指“原来放的地方”。

责任编辑：李芳芳

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