下面小编给大家整理了高中英语第1册第21单元 Karl Marx，本文共5篇，供大家阅读参考。本文原稿由网友“左边”提供。
篇1：高中英语第1册第21单元 Karl Marx
一、教法建议
【抛砖引玉】
单元双基学习目标
Ⅰ . 词汇学习
have a talk with , meaning , woodcutter , come across , cut up , homeland , before long , move on , keep on , works , master, freely, doctor, peasant , unite , progress, make progress , native , force , base , revolutionary, limited , rapid , article , praise , encourage , situation , spirit, translate , translate…into…, university , degree , communism , social , idiom , vocabulary
Ⅱ . 交际英语
语 言 学习
1 . How are you getting on with your English lessons ?
2 . My grammar is improving , but I find idioms and useful expressions hard to learn .
3 . Are you making good progress ?
4 . I find…easiest most difficult .
Ⅲ . 语法学习
用一般过去式表示过去完成时
一般过去时表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。而过去完成时则表示过去某一时间或动作以前就完成了的动作或已存在的状态。但是，在含有由“before”和“after”引导的从句的主从复合句中，由于 before 和 after 本身的词义已经表明了时间的先后，故可以不用过去完成时，而用一般过去时替代。
After he ( had ) asked for leave , he went home . 请了假他才回家。
He ( had ) asked for leave before he went home . 他回家之前先请假。
【指点迷津】
“多 ( 少 ) …… ? ”译法
1 . 与可数名词连用时，用“how many + …… ( 复数 ) ”
How many days are there in a week ?
How many times have you been there ?
2 . 与不可数名词连用时，用“how much + ……”
How much water is there in the bottle ?
How much money do you want ?
3 . 与形容词，副词连用时，用“how + ……”
How old is he ?
How long is the River Nile ?
How fast did he run in the race ?
4 . 询问时间时 a . 多久，用“how long”，b . 多久才或多久以后，用“how soon”，c . 隔多久一次，用“how often”
How long did they stay in the zoo ?
- How soon can you come back ?
- In an hour .
- How often do you go there ?
- Once a week .
5 . 询问价格、金钱时，用“how much”
How much does this hat cost ?
How much is this pen ?
6 . 货币、度量衡连用时，用“how many + 货币、度量衡单位”
How many yuan do you need ? 试比较：
How many US dollars do you need ?
7 . 与抽象名词连用时，用“what is the…”，不能用“how many + ……”
What is the population of Europe in 1990 ?
What is the average temperature in London on a summer's day ?
What is his age ?
What is the distance from here to the park ?
What is the price of this pen ?
What is the time ?
二、学海导航
【学法指要】
单元重点词汇点拨
1 . force 力量，武力
the forces of nature 大自然的力量 * social forces ( 各种 ) 社会势力 join the forces = join the army
( 2 ) 强迫；迫使 force sb . to do sth . 强迫某人做某事
be forced to do sth . 被迫做某事 force a way in ( out , through ) 进入 ( 出、过 )
I didn't want to go , but they forced me to .
Because it was very cold , we were forced to travel at night .
The thief took the money from the old man by force .
The nurse forced the food into his mouth .
〖点拨〗force 与 make
两都可以作“迫使”解。force 表示以武力或暴力作为迫使手段。make 的用法比较广泛，它的强迫性不如 force 强。两者均可接含不定式的复合宾语，但是 force 的宾补不定式带 to , make 则不带 to，但当 make 用于被动语态时，省略的 to 要加上。 by force 用武力方式。
force + 宾语 + 宾补
The two thieves forced the room open .
2 . works 著作；作品
When he wrote one of his great works , The Civil War in France , he had mastered the language so well that he was able to write the book in English .
the works of Shakespeare 莎士比亚的著作
〖点拨〗works 是由作为可数名词的 work 变为复数形式而得来的。work 作为可数名词仍然可以以单数形式出现，意为“著作；作品”。
a new work by John Lewis 约翰刘易斯的新作
3 . situation 形势；情况
He found it important to study the situation in Russia .
the political situation 政治形势
〖点拨〗in…situation处于…形势；在…的情况下
The village was in bad situation after the storm .
4 . praise 赞扬；表扬
Engels wrote him a letter and praised him for it .
〖点拨〗praise sb . for sth . 为某事而表扬某人
praise…as…称赞…为 / 是…
She ought to be praised for what she has done .
Our guests praised the meal as the best they had had for years .
5 . progress 进步；进展
He made good progress .
I'm sorry to say that we have made very little progress in our work .
前进，有进展 ( to go forward ; get better )
We progress in learning step by step .
Science has greatly progressed . 科学发展突飞猛进。
〖点拨〗make…progress in 在…进步
6 . encourage 鼓励。
They encouraged the children to paint pictures .
My teacher encouraged me to speak English .
He was greatly encouraged by his teacher's praise .
Good health encourages clear thinking . 健康使思维清晰。
〖点拨〗excite , inspire，激励，激发。discourage , dispirit，使沮丧，使气馁
en courage sb to do 鼓励 某人干……。discourage sb from ing 使某人干……气馁。
另外注 encouraging可以作形容词表示“鼓舞人心的”。如：
They were encouraged by those encouraging speeches .
7 . people , the people 和 peoples
people ( 人，人们 ) 是集体名词，表复数，泛指“人们”，其前不加冠词。如：
The streets were crowded with people .
There are five people in my family . 我家有五口人。
the people ( 人民 ) ，指一国或全世界的人民，或与统治阶级相对的人民群众。如：
We should serve the people ( heart and soul ) .
All power in the People's Republic of China belongs to the people .
peoples ( 民族 ) 一个民族用 a people , 如：
Hawaiians were a people , not a nation .
从前夏威夷人是一个民族不是一个国家。
The Chinese people is a great people . 中华民族是一个伟大的民族。
There are 56 peoples in China . 中国有56个民族。
单元词组思维运用
1 . have a talk with ____交谈，与……会谈
Yang Mei is having a talk with her teacher Sara about learning English . 杨梅正就英语学习问题和她的老师萨拉谈话。
I had a long talk with her yesterday . 我昨天与她作了一次长谈。
I'd like to have a talk with you .
We had a long talk about going to London .
有关 have 的习语
①“have + 宾语”常用来表示一个短时间的动作。不能将 have 简单地理解为“有”。
它和一些词搭配，表现了英语的习惯用法的一些意思 -- 它可表示 eat , drink , take , to , enjoy 等，其意义视后面跟的名词而定。如：
have breakfast ( lunch , supper ) 吃早 ( 中、晚 ) 饭
have a lesson 上一堂课 / have a song 唱一支歌
have a look 看一看 / have a talk 谈一谈
have a drink 喝一杯 / have a joke 开个玩笑
have a rest 休息一下 / have a walk 散散步
have a ride 骑下马 / have a swim 游泳
have a wash 洗脸 ( 澡 ) / have a meeting 开会
have a party 举行一次聚会 / have a test 测试
have an accident 出事故 / have a letter 收到一封信
have a cold 患感冒 / have a headache 患头痛
have a baby 生小孩 / have a fire 生火
have a cold wet day 天气又冷又湿
have a good holiday 度过愉快的假日
2 . have a problem with -- find…difficult 在……方面遇到困难
If you have a problem with pronunciation , you should listen to some English tapes every day .
If you have a problem with writing , you should read as much as possible before you practise it .
3 . for…reasons -- 由于……方面的原因
He was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons .
She can't go with us for health reasons .
注意：在这样的短语中，reason 要用复数式。再如：
I'll leave for Beijing for business reasons .
She will give up this journey for reasons of her own .
4 . before long -- soon 不久，不久以后
The work will be finished before long .
5 . in fact -- really , actually 事实上，实际上，其实
He is a scholar by name , not in fact .
In fact , he has improved his English .
注意：除 in fact 外，in reality , really , actually , as a matter of fact 等都作“事实上，实际上”解。
6 . write back -- 写回信
Have you written back to your parents yet ?
He wrote back accepting our offer .
7 . go on to sth . -- 接着去做另一件事
So much for the present participle , now I'll go on to say something about the gerund .
He went on to show us how to do it in a different way .
After explaining the text , he went on to show us how to do the experiment .
辨析：go on to do sth . 指某事已经做完接着去开始做与原来不相同的另一件事。
go on doing sth . 指“某事尚未做完，暂停后，继续做原来在做的事。”
它还有“一直做某事”的意思。如：
She nodded to me and went on reading the paper .
Dr Bethune went on working throughout the night .
go on with sth . 也是指继续做某一件事，但 with 扣接名词。如：
We went on with the work .
8 . keep on doing sth . -- 继续做某事，反复做某事
Don't give up , keep on trying .
People kept on coming to the hospital to see him .
You keep on making the same mistake .
I kept on calling you the whole afternoon .
辨析：①keep on doing sth . 与 go on doing sth . 有时两者可以互相换用。但若表示“强调动作、行为的反复多次或表示决?quot;，常用 keep on doing sth .
②keep on doing sth . 与 keep doing sth . 有时可以换用，注意后面应接表示动作的动名词，如：working , writing 等，一般不能接表示静态的动名词，如：standing , lying , sitting , sleeping 等。但若表示保持同一动作的持续状态时，只用 keep doing sth . 而不用 keep on doing sth . 例如
Someone kept knocking at the door .
He caught such a bad cold that he kept coughing all morning .
It kept raining all the night .
9 . be sure about / of sth . -- 确信，有把握，肯定
I'm sure of his success .
Can we be sure of his honesty ?
He is not sure about the number .
辨析：①be sure about / of 后接名词或动名词，如接名词从句，要用 be sure + 由 that 或 when , where , whether , what , how 等引导的名词性从句，表示”某人确信某事。“例如：
I'm sure ( that ) I can run faster than you .
单元难点疑点思路明晰
1 . How are you getting on with your English lessons ?
How is sb . getting on ( with sth . ) ? How is sth . getting on ?
How are you getting on ? ( 问生活或健康状况 ) 你近来可好 ?
How is your brother getting on with his research work ? 你弟弟的研究工作进展如何 ?
How is his research work ? 他的研究工作进展如何 ?
2 . …he found it important to study the situation in Russia .
sb . finds / feels / thinks it + adj . + ( for sb . ) to do sth .
* I've found it interesting to talk with foreigners in English .
* He thinks it necessary for his brother to know the secret .
3 . …and made London the base for his revolutionary work .
sb . makes ( calls / thinks / finds / considers ) + n . / pron . + n .
We made him captain of the ship .
We must keep it a secret .
What do you call this kind of flower ?
4 . He made such rapid progress that before long he began to write articles in English for an American newspaper . 他进步得非常快，不多久就开始用英语给美国一家报纸写文章了。
such…that 连接一具表示结果的状语从句，意思是”如此…以致“；such 是形容词，它所修饰的名词可以是单数，复数，也可以是不可数名词，名词前既可带形容词，也可不带。
It was such a hot day that they wanted to go swimming .
She made such rapid progress that she was praised by her parents .
These are such interesting books that children like to read them .
5 . In fact his English in one of these articles was so good that Engels wrote him a letter and praised him for it . 实际上，在那些文章中，有一篇他写得很好，恩格斯为此曾写信表扬他。
so…that 也连接表示结果的状语从句，意思也?quot;如此……以致”；so 是副词，因此只能后接形容词，然后带 a / an , 再接单数名词 ( 不可数名词和复数名词是不能用在 so 后面的 ) ；或者 so 后面只接形容词或副词，不带名词。
It was so hot a day that they wanted to go swimming .
These books are so interesting that children like to read them .
6 . In the 1870s , when Marx was already in his fifties , he found it important to study the situation in Russia , so he began to learn Russian . 在十九世纪七十年代，马克思已经五十几岁了，他觉得研究俄国的形势很重要，便开始学习俄语。
句中 found 后面接了复合宾语，it 是形式宾语，代替后面的不定式 to study…，不定式是真正的宾语，important 是宾语补足语。
I find it hard to listen to English .
They find it necessary to practise English every day .
7 . In one of his books , he gave advice on how to learn a foreign language . 马克思在他写的一本书里，对如何学习外语提出了一些建议。
介词后面一般接名词或动名词，有些介词后面可能出现“疑问词 + 不定式”结构。
He was thinking about how to do it .
8 . in the 1870s 在19世纪70年代 ( 从1870 - 1879年 )
in the 1840s 在19世纪40年代 ( 从1840 - 1949年 )
上两个短语中 1870s 和 1840s 可分别写为：1870's 和 1840's。
9 . in one's + 基数词的复数形式 ( 该基数词常为表示“几十”的数词 ) 意思是：在某人几十多岁时。
He is at least in his forties .
in my twenties 在我20多岁的时候
10 . give ( sb . ) some advice on / about 给 ( 某人 ) 一些关于…的建议
In one of his books , Marx gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language .
My teacher gave me some advice on / about the study of grammar .
注：advice 是不可数名词，不能说 an advice，但可以说 a piece of advice , some advice .
【妙文赏析】
What Is Friendship ?
Friendship is small umbrella in the rainy season .
It props up a stretch of clear sky .
Friendship is a gust of temperate wind .
It can stoke the wet heart warm .
Friendship is a lamp on a cold night .
It burns warm flame .
Friendship is a pure white handkerchief .
It wipes the sad tear stains on your cheeks dry .
What is friendship ?
It is a fate that can't be pulled and torn .
It passes through many hands or places to the end of life .
With the growth ring of time .
友谊是什么 ?
友谊是雨季里的小伞，
撑起一片晴天。
友谊是一阵温馨的风，
把潮湿的心抚暖。
友谊是寒夜里的一盏灯，
燃着热情的火焰，
友谊是一块洁白的手帕，
拭干你腮边伤心的泪痕。
友谊是什么 ?
是一份牵扯不断的情缘，
随着时间的年轮，
辗转到底。
【思维体操】
请选出与句中划线部分意义相符的答案：
1 . He is an old bird and can do it well .
A . 老鸟 B . 老练的人 C . 老年人 D . 熟练
2 . He came out third in the last examination .
A . 名列 B . 出来 C . 出现 D . 超过
3 . They are two thousand yuan to the bad .
A . 很坏 B . 坏到极点 C . 欠帐 D . 有点亏损
4 . She failed to make good her promise .
A . 履行 B . 做得好 C . 进步快 D . 做
答案：1 - 5 B A C A A
三、智能显示
【心中有数】
单元语法发散思维
1 . 如果我们正在谈论的是已经过去了的事，要说到比这更早一些时候发生的事，就用过去完成时。如：
He wasn't a stranger - I had met him once before .
I explained that I had forgotten my keys .
2 . 过去完成时常用在间接引语里，放在 said , told , asked 等过去时动词的后面，这个时态指的是在谈话之前已经发生的动作。如：
He said that he had known her well .
I told them that I had finished my task .
3 . 在包含有 when , before , after , until 等连词的主从复合句中，如果主句谓语和从句谓语所表示的动作不是同时发生的，那么先发生的动作通常用过去完成时表示。但若句中有 before , after 等连词，由于他们已表明动作发生的先后顺序，两个动作也都可用一般过去时表示。如：
I ( had ) heard the news before he told me .
After we did ( had done ) our homework , we went swimming .
4 . 过去时与过去完成时时间段的区别。
时间段与过去时连用，表示动作或状态发生在这段时间的某一点或这段时间的始终；时间段与过去完成时连用，则强调动作或状态在这段时间内完成。如：
I learned Japanese during my holidays .
I had learned Japanese during my holidays .
5 . 两个或两个以上的动作虽是接连发生的，但若用 and 或 but 连接时，都只须用一般过去时。如：
He entered the room , took off his coat and sat down at the table .
She lost her necklace , but found it afterward .
6 . 用 hope , think , expect , plan , want 等动词的过去完成时，表示未曾实现的想法、打算、希望或意图等。如：
I had hoped to be able to come and see you . ( 实际上没来 )
They had wanted to help but could not get there in time .
【动手动脑】
单元能力主体检测
1 . 她在英语方面的进步不大“
【 误 】She has not made many progresses with her English .
【 正 】She has not made much progress in her English .
【 析 】make progress ( 取得进步 ) 中的 progress 是不可数名词，不能用复数形式，也不能用 many 修饰；”在……方面取得进步“用 make progress in…。
2 . 入口处的人很多，我们进不去。
【 误 】There were such many people at the entrance that we couldn't get through .
【 正 】There were so many people at the entrance that we couldn't get through .
【 析 】such…that…和so…that…都是”如此……以致……“的意思，such 后接名词，is 后接形容词或副词。但是，当名词前有 many , much , few , little ( 少的 ) 修饰时，就得用 so…that…。
3 . 几个月以后，他就能用英语与人交谈了。
【 误 】Several months later , he could talk with others in English .
【 正 】Several months later , he was able to talk with others in English .
【 析 】could 和 be able to 都可以表示”过去的能力“，但在表示”经过努力达到“这一意思时，就只能用 be able to。
4 . 对于这个问题说得已经够多的了。
【 误 】Enough have been said on the subject .
【 正 】Enough has been said on the subject .
【 析 】enough 作名词用时，意为”足够的东西 ( 如钱、事情、工作等 ) “，视为不可数，因此谓语动词用单数形式。
5 . 直到十二点他才回到家。
【 误 】He didn't get to home until 12 o'clock .
【 正 】He didn't get home until 12 o'clock .
【 析 】get to ( 到达 ) 后接名词或代词。当到达的地点是副词 ( 如 home , here , there 等 ) 时，则去掉 to。
6 . 二十世纪九十年代中国发生了巨大的变化。
【 误 】Great changes have taken place in China in 1990s .
【 正 】Great changes have taken place in China in the 1990s .
【 析 】”在某个年代“的英语表达法是”in + the + 整十数的复数形式“，其中的 the 不可少。
7 . 我觉得难以与他相处。
【 误 】I find it difficult to get along with him .
【 析 】find , feel , think , consider 等动词的一个共同用法是：当复合宾语 ( 宾语 + 补足语 ) 中的宾语不是名词或代词而是不定式或从句时，通常用 it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语 ( 不定式或从句 ) 放在补足语的后面。
8 . 他们为人民服务的精神值得我们学习。
【 误 】Their spirits of serving the people are worth learning from .
【 正 】Their spirit of serving the people is worth learning from .
【 析 】spirit 作”精神，精神实质“解时，晃可数名词。
【创新园地】
要求：请根据我们熟知的爱因斯坦向一个年轻人传授成功秘密的词语提示，用英语写一篇《成功的秘密》的短文。词数：80 - 120。
1 . Albert Einstein 2 . German scientist 3 . work hard 4 . a few days later 5 . angry 6 . a piece of paper 7 . A = X + Y + Z 8 . stand for 9 . good methods 10 . get down to
请同学们写好后把你的答案反馈给我们。
创新园地答案：
The secret of success
A young man once asked Albert Einstein , the great German scientist , ”What the secret of success is . “The scientist told him that the secret of success is to work hard .
A few days later the young man asked him the same question again . Einstein was very angry . He didn't say anything but wrote something on a piece of paper and gave it to the young man . The young man looked at the piece of paper . On it was written ： A = X + Y + Z .
”What does this mean ? “asked the young man .
”A means success , “explained the old scientist , ”X stands for hard work , Y - for good methods , and Z means stop talking and get down to work . “
Karl Marx
四、同步题库
Ⅰ.单项选择
1.In ,when he was in his ,he began to learn English.
A.1980's;fifties B.the 1980s;fifty
C.1980s;the fifties D.the 1980's;fifties
2.Which is wrong?
A.I find some idioms and useful expressions hard to learn.
B.I find it hard to learn some idioms and useful expressions.
C.I find that some idioms and useful expressions are hard to learn.
D.I find that is hard to learn some idioms and useful expressions.
3.The twins their hard working.
A.praised for B.were praised to
C.were praised for D.have praised for
4.Bill said that he had been to Beijing .
A.before for B.long ago C.long before D.after a month
5.He ate bread for lunch that he became hungry soon.
A.such a little B.so little C.so small a D.such little
6.Don't the children to do too much homework.
A.have B.make C.let D.force
7.Those two girls come from ,so they are .
A.Germany;Germen B.Germany;Germans
C.German;Germanys D.Germen;Germany
8.In the days ,he was sad and he cried all day.
A.following B.followed C.next D.that followed
9.He the army for 8 years before he became a businessman.
A.joined B.had joined C.had been in D.joined in
10.The young man went the wood,swam the river and came to a small village.
A.in;across B.through;across
C.through;over D.into;through
11.-How are you getting on with your work?
-I haven't made I should.
A.such much progress as B.as more progress as
C.so much progress as D.as many progress as
12.If you have a preblem writing,you should practise more.
A.in B.with C.about D.on
13.-What are you doing with the fallen tree?
-I am .
A.cutting it down B.cutting down it
C.cutting it up D.cutting up it
14.I decide to visit him next week.
A.sometimes B.some times C.sometime D.some time
15.The heavy snow made for us to go to the party at night.
A.it is impossible B.it unable C.us impossible D.it impossible
16.-How are you getting along with you lessons?
-Not very .
A.good B.poor C.bad D.well
17.He is old and in bad health,and he can not look after himself. ,his son should look after him.
A.As a result of B.As a result C.As this reason D.For these reasons
18.Would you please give us on how to learn Chinese well?
A.some piece of advice B.some advice
C.much advice D.an advice
19.First we read the passage again and again,and then we went on my
homework.
A.with B.doing C.writing D.to doing
20.He is standing under the tree, in his pockets.
A.put his hands B.by his hands
C.with his hands D.is putting his hands
Ⅱ.阅读理解
(一)
Karl Marx was born on May 5, 1818.He entered Bonn University in 1835 and went to Berlin University to continue his studies two years later. In October 1842,he became the editor(编辑)of the Rheinische Zeitung, and there he began his attack on the old society. Because of his revolutionary activities he was forced to leave his homeland .He moved th France and then to Belgium. In 1848,he returned to Cologne to join the revolution directly. After the 1848 revolution failed, he was expelled(驱逐)from Germany. He went to Paris, but was soon forced to leave France. In 1849,he went to London and spent most of his time there.
Marx became one of the leading spirits of the First International(第一国际).
Together with Engles, Marx published the Manifesto of the Communist Party(《共产党宣言》)in 1848.His most important work was On Capital(《资本论》).The first volume was published in 1867.
Marx was also a great learner of languages. He could read all the leading European languages and write in three: German, French and English. He liked to say that a foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life.
He died on March 14,1883 in London.
1.Which of the following is correct?
A.On Capital has only one volume.
B.Marx alone wrote the Manifesto of the Communist party.
C.He had learned 3 languages: German, English and French.
D.Marx was an important person in the First International.
2.What does the word”weapon“probably mean in the last sentence of paragraph3?
A.投资 B.武器 C.财富 D.设备
3.Which of the following is NOT correct?
A.Karl Marx died at the age of 65.
B.Marx began his studies at Berlin University in 1837.
C.It was in three countries that he took part in his revolutionary activities.
D.After the 1848 revolution failed, Marx spent all his time in London.
4.What can we infer from the passage?
A.The whole On Capital was completed after 1867.
B.Marx died in the war in London against his enemy.
C.At first ,he used his papers to begin his attack on the old society.
D.He was not allowed for only once to live in Germany.
5.What does the passage tell us?
A.Marx's childhood and his early revolution.
B.Marx was a great leader in the attack on the old society.
C.Marx's revolution against the old society and his talent(天才)of learning languages.
D.How Marx took up revolutionary activities.
(二)
The first time I saw Karl Marx was in February 1865.I was twenty-four years old. Never in my life shall I forget the impression (印象)made on my first visit.
Marx could read in all the leading European languages and write in three: German, French and English .He was fond of(喜欢)saying,”A foreign language is a weapon(武器)in the struggle of life.“At fifty he took up the study of Russian. Although the language was quite different from the languages he knew ,he made such progress in six months as to be able to enjoy reading Russian poetry and prose(诗歌和散文)works.
Although he went to bed very late, he was always up between eight and nine in the morning .Having drunk a cup of black coffee and read through his newspapers, he would go to his study and work there till two or three next morning ,breaking off only for meals, and when the weather allowed ,for a walk on Hampstead Health. During the day he slept for an hour or two on the sofa. For that he often forgot his meals. Often he had to be called again and again before he came down to the diningroom. But hardly had he eaten the last mouthful when he was back in his study again.
Marx was a loving and gentle father. He used to spend hours playing with his children. They remember to this day sea-fights in a large basin of water with many paper boats, which he made for them and which he would then set on fire to their great joy. On Sundays the girls would not allow him to work; he was theirs for the whole day .When the weather was fine, the whole family would go for a country walk .Marx would shorten the miles for his children by telling them stories without end-Fantastic tales(怪诞的传说)which he made up as he went along, so that the little ones forgot their fatigue(疲劳).
6.When was the writer of this passage born?
A.In 1941. B.In 1889. C.In 1841. D.The writer didn't tell us
7.Which is right?
A.Marx could read in all the European languages.
B.Marx could write in all the European languages.
C.Marx could only write in Russian, French and English.
D.Marx thought it necessary to learn foreign languages.
8.Why did Marx often forget his meals? Because .
A.he never stopped for a rest once he started working
B.he would sleep one or two hours during the day
C.others forgot to call him when it was time for meals
D.he had drunk a cup of coffee before he went to his study
9.Marx was a loving and gentle father, and he .
A.often watched sea-fights by the sea together with his children
B.used to spend Saturdays with his children
C.went for a walk with his family outside the city or town when the weather was fine
D.taught his children foreign languages
10.From this passage we can know that .
A.Marx's children cam still remember the game their father played with them.
B.he studied Russia in his early life
C.he had meals in his study in order to make full use of time
D.he told stories that he read in the story books during their walk
Ⅲ.单词拼写
1.One word can have several m (意思).
2.Time is l (有限的);we should run quickly to catch the bus.
3.China is our n (出生地的)land.
4.He felt e (鼓舞)by the progress he had made.
5.With no rains for the last three years, the country is in a bad s (状况).
6.He is dead, but his s (精神)lives on.
7.Did you go to u (大学).
8.Our little boy's just starting to talk;he's got a v (词汇量)of ten
words.
9.P (农民)are persons who work on the land.
10.He has never m (掌握)the art of public speaking.
Ⅳ.短文改错
Marx moved to London in 1849 and his wife Jenny 1.
and their 7 children.They had very few money.For 2.
six years they lived two small rooms ,often eating 3.
only bread and potatoes.Several of their child 4.
was died.However,Engels,Marx's closest friend continued 5.
to support the family with money.Befort he arrived 6.
in England,Marx worked hardly to improve his English. 7.
In 1851 he started writing articles about a newspaper 8.
in the United States.In 1862 Marx had written 9.
about 500 articles on politics and social problems 10.
all over the world.
Ⅴ.书面表达
请用英文简要地写出”郑人买履“的故事，以刊登在我国对外发行的某英文刊物上。字不得少于 70 字，不得多于 140 字。
故事大意：某人自量脚往集市买鞋，忘带尺度(measurement)，回家取，再来集市已散，人问：”你何不以脚试鞋?“答：”宁信尺度，不信自己的脚。“
答案：Ⅰ. 1～5 D D C C B 6～10 D B D C B 11～15 C B C C B 16～20 D D B A C Ⅱ. 1～5 D B D A C 6～10 C D B C A Ⅲ.1.meanings 2.limited 3.native 4.encouraged 5.situation 6.spirit 7.university 8.vocabulary 9.Peasants 10.mastered Ⅳ.1.and→with 2.few→little 3.live→live in
4.child→children 5.去掉 was 6.Before→After 7.hardly→hard 8.about→for 9.In→By 10.对 Ⅴ.
Once in the nation of Zheng there was a man who wanted to buy himself a pair of shoes.He took the measurement of his own feet with a piece of string.Then he went to the market.He was looking at some shoes at the shoe-maker's when he realized he had left the measurement at home.He put down the shoes and rushed home to fetch it .By the time he returned,the market had dismissed.So he failed to get his shoes.Somebody asked him,”Why didn't you just try the shoe on your feet?“He answered,”I trust the measurement I took rather than my feet.“
篇2：高中英语第 1 册 Unit 19 Jobs (工作)
高中英语第 1 册 Unit 19
Jobs (工作)
一、教法建议
【抛砖引玉】
本单元围绕男女平等这一题材，让同学们通过阅读课文”The Secret Is Out !“来了解妇女受歧视的情况以及带来的社会后果。众所周知，妇女在社会历史发展的过程中起到了重要作用。
单元双基学习目标
Ⅰ. 词汇学习
四会单词和词组：offer , fair , pick up , army , handtruck , careless , carelessly , remove , to one's surprise , refuse , call at , cross , look down upon , promise , support
三会单词和词组：engineer , design , pretend , boss , department , designer , gently
Ⅱ. 交际英语
Offers and responses 提供〈帮助等〉和应答
1 . Can / Could / Shall I help you ?
2. Would you like me to… ?
3. Is there anything ( else ) I can do for you ? / What can I do for you ?
4. Do you want me to… ?
5. Would you like some…… ?
6. Thanks . That would be nice/fine . / That's very kind your help . / Thank you for your help .
7. Yes , please . / Here , take this/my…
8 . No , thanks/thank you . / No , thanks/thank you . I can manage it myself .
9. Thank you all the same .
10. That's very kind of you , but…
交际示范
( 1 )
Jack : I'm going shopping this afternoon . Is there anything I can do for you ?
Tom : Let me think . Yes , if it isn't too much trouble , could you get me a dozen of eggs ?
Jack : No trouble ( I'll be glad to ) . Anything else ?
Tom : I can't think of anything at the moment .
( 2 )
George : Hello , Alice . Nice to see you again .
Alice : Hello , George . You're looking very well .
George : Here , let me carry these boxes for you .
Alice : I can manage ( 设法对付 ) it myself , but thank you all the same .
George : This is my car . Let me help you put away these boxes .
Alice : Thank you . ( After driving for some time ) This city seems to be a beautiful one . I'm sure I'll have a good time during my stay here .
George : I'm sure you will . By the way , would you like me to show you around ( 领你参观 ) the city this afternoon ?
Alice : Oh , that's very nice of you . I'm looking forward to ( 盼望 ) it . Thank you , George .
Ⅲ. 语法学习
学习由whose引导的定语从句。
【指点迷津】
单元重点词汇点拨
1. refuse拒绝；不愿
His request was refused politely .
The door refused to open . = The door won't open .
She refused his gift .
〖点拨〗refuse to do拒绝干 …… 。refuse the invitation拒绝邀请。refuse sb to不许某人干…… 。
2. design设计；绘制；图案
This engineer is designing a new teaching building for our school .
The theatre is poor in design . 这戏院设计欠佳。
I don't like the wall-paper design . 我不喜欢这壁纸的花样。
〖点拨〗by design故意地，有计划地。design for为……设计。
3. pretend假装；装作
Don't pretend to know what you don't know .
〖点拨〗pretend后可以跟不定式、名词、从句、不定式的完成式和不定式的进行式。
He didn't want to go to school , so he pretended illness .
He pretended to be an expert .
He pretended that he was working hard .
Let's pretend to be soldiers . = Let's pretend that we are soldiers .
注意否定结构常用pretend not to do 。如：She pretended not to see me in the street .
4. promise许诺；答应
I can't lend you the book ; I've promised it to Mr Chen .
He promised me to be more careful next time .
〖点拨〗promise后可以接不定式，也可以接从句。promise sb to do（主语）答应某人做……。promise sb sth = promise sth to sb答应给某人…… 。promise sb that …答应……。
She promised her early return .
Promise me never to trouble me again .
I promised Nick my old car . = I promised my old car to Nick .
She promises to be a good wife .
单元词组思维运用
1. women police officers女警官
There are women police officers , women doctors , teachers , engineers , farmers and so on .
2. the top of ……的最高地位；领先地位
He's got to the top of the company because of his hard work .
He is at the top of his class .他的成绩在班上领先。
3. in politics在政界
There are more men than women in politics .
When did he go in politics ?
He is a good example for the young men in politics to learn from .
4. have an accident出了事故
I've never had an accident driving a car .
One day he had a bicycle accident .
5. be badly hurt严重受伤
His legs were badly hurt .
In the accident the driver was seriously hurt .
I was deeply hurt by what they had said about me .
6. take sb to hospital送某人去医院治疗
He was injured in an accident and was taken to hospital .
注意在hospital前没有the ，否则，take sb to the hospital就成了”带某人去医院，但不一定看?quot;。
又如：be in hospital住院，go to hospital去看病。
7. to one's surprise使某人惊奇的是
To my great surprise he was late for school for the first time that day .
To the surprise of his parents , the young man got rich overnight .
注意：to在此为介词，意为“致使”，后接表示情感的名词，特指在某人心中产生的感情效果。由to引起的介词短语在句中作状语，表示结果。下面三种表达一样：to my surprise = to the surprise of me = much to my surprise 。
类似的表达还有： to one's joy / delight使某人高兴的是， to one's satisfaction使某人满意的是，to one's regret使某人后悔的是，to one's disappointment使某人失望的是，to one's sorrow使某人悲伤的是。
8. at work在上班，在工作
He is hard at work every time I come to see him .
9. lose one's job失业
If anyone at work discovers my secret , I shall lose my job .
注意：“失业”还可用：be out of work / job ; be unemployed
10. lie to sb对某人说谎
tell a lie = tell lies撒谎
11. hear about听说，听到过
We have never heard about him .
12. call at + 地点 “去某处”。call on sb拜访某人。
I think we should call at Li's while we are in Guangzhou .
13. tell one's story to向……叙述某人的经历
Shall I tell you the story of my life in Africa ?
14. cut short把……剪短
The barber cut my hair short .
Better not have your hair cut short .
15. stay in留在
My parents stayed in Beijing when I moved to another city .
注意：stay in中的in还可以是副词。如：
I'll stay in to wait for his telephone call .
The whole class will stay in for half an hour after school .
16. for a moment一会儿，片刻。
Please wait for a moment .
For a moment or two everyone was quiet .
注意：for the moment暂时；目前
I cannot think of his address for the moment .
17. be cross感到不悦
Don't be cross with what I said . = Don't be angry about my words .
18. look down upon / on 看不起；轻视
I wish you wouldn't look down upon this kind of work .
19. be busy with忙于…… 。
be busy (in) doing忙于
二、学海导航
【学法指要】
单元难点疑点思路明晰
1 . It seems that it's more difficult for women to get to the top of a company . 妇女似乎更难提升到公司的最高职位。
〖明晰〗It seems that…是一个常用句型，意为“看来；似乎”
It seems that no one knew what had happened .
另外，seem 还常用于其它两个句型：
It seems as if…意为“看来好像……” , as if 从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气形式。
It seems as if it were going to rain .
There seems…意为“似乎有……”。
There seems something wrong with my bicycle .
2 . There a doctor asked him to remove his trousers so that he could examine his legs . 在医院里，医生让他把裤子脱下来，以便检查一下他的腿。
〖明晰〗so that 表示“以便；为了”，引导目的状误从句，相当于 in order that , 它们后面可以跟表示将来含义的现在时。在过去时的句中 , so that 或 in order that 从句中谓语动词常用“should ( 或 could , would , might ) + 动词原形。”
Put the little plants in the shade so that the sun won't burn them .
此处的 so that 和上文 A worker drove a small handtruck so carelessly that it hit the back of Mr . King's legs . 中的 so…that 含义不同。它表示“如此……以致……”，that 引导的结果或程度状语从句。
The film was so moving that we were all moved to tears .
3 . I had to lie to the company and pretended to be a man in order to get a job . 我不得不向公司撒谎并装成一个男人。
〖明晰〗lie 在此作不及物动词，意为“撒谎”，该动词是规则动词。“对 ( 向 ) 某人撒谎”用lie to sb . ( 相当于 lie 作名词时的短语 tell sb . a lie ) 。
It's clear that she is lying .
lie 作名词时，也?quot;谎言“之意，是可数名词。”撒谎“可以表达为 tell a lie 或 tell lies .
Don't tell a lie before your parents .
另外，lie 作不及物动词时，也可作”躺；卧“解，是不规则动词。不要把 lie 作”撒谎“解时的规则形式搞混。
I was lying in bed with a bed cold yesterday。
He lay down and soon fell asleep .
4 . Unless you tell me , I shall not be able to help you . 除非你告诉我，否则我不会帮助你。 ( 如果你不告诉我，我就不会帮助你。 )
〖明晰〗unless 是一个从属连词，用来引导条件状语从句，其自身含有否定意义，相当?quot;if…not…”，在汉语中常译为“除非……，否则……”。原句的 unless you tell me = if you don't tell me .
He will not come unless he is invited . = If he is not invited , he will not come .
Unless I have time , I won't come and join you .
5. It is easier for girls to learn foreign languages than boys . 女孩比男孩更易学会外语。
〖明晰〗It is + adj. (for sb) to do sth是一个常用句型。又如：
It's dangerous to play with fire .
It is weightier than Mount Tai to die for the people .
注意：当表示逻辑主语的性质和内部特征时介词用of连接。如：
It is careless of you to notice nothing of it .
6. I'm sure there is nothing that a woman can't do . 我相信没有什么事是女人干不了的。
〖明晰〗nothing与can't同时出现在句子中构成双重否定。
There will be no difficulty in the world which they cannot overcome . 世界上任何困难都是可以克服的。
下面这些句子也是双重否定：
Without air we cannot live even a few minutes .
There is no right to speak without looking into it .
You can't make something out of nothing . (谚语) 巧妇难为无米之炊。
注意句中的定语从句中的that不要用which ， 因为其先行词是不定代词nothing 。
7. Companies that make telephones and computers and so on prefer to employ women . 制造电话机、计算机等的公司更喜欢雇佣妇女。
〖明晰〗此句没有把比较级的事物说出来，但是prefer 暗含有比较的意味，其含义为更喜欢。prefer的常见搭配有：
1) prefer + n . 2) prefer + -ing 3) prefer + to do 4) prefer sb to do 5) prefer + 宾语从句（注意从句中用虚拟） 6） prefer + 名词 + to + 名词 7）prefer + -ing + to + -ing 8) prefer to do rather than do (注意在句型8) 中的than后常不加to ) 如：
Which do you prefer , tea or coffee ?
He preferred spending weekends by himself .
At the moment , I prefer not to think about the future .
I prefer you to give me some advice .
Would you prefer that I came ( = should come )on Monday ?
All of us preferred rice to noodles .
They prefer walking to cycling .
They prefer to go with us rather than stay at home
8. I don't agree with your decision . (Lesson 75) 我不同意你的决定。
〖明晰〗agree 是个常用动词，也是高考经常考查的词汇之一。由于它的用法比较复杂，有的同学在理解和使用时经常出错。为了帮助同学们正确理解和使用这个词，现将它的用法归纳如下。
1） agree with + 名词 / 代词或从句
在这个句型中，如用人作主语，表示“同意……”，“赞成……”，后面接指人或表示“意见”，“看法”的词（如：suggestion , statement , practice , proposal ）；如用事物作主语，表示“与……一致(相符)”，“(气候、食物等)适合……”。例如：
We all agree with you .
I agree with most of what you said , but I don't agree with everything .
He doesn't agree with what you said at the meeting .
The verb must agree with the subject in person and number . 动在人称和数上应与主语一致。
What he said doesn't agree with what he did . 他言行不符。
Mutton doesn't agree with me . 我不能吃羊肉。
2） agree to + 名词 / 代词
agree to的意思是“同意(赞成)……”，后面接表示“建议”，“计划”，“条件”，“安排”等的词，不但表示同意，而且含有协助合作之意。例如：
They agree to our suggestion .
Does he agree to this arrangement ?
agree to 还有“答应”的意思。可表示答应某件自己实际上不赞成的事。例如：
The boss agreed to the terms only under the pressure of the workers .
agree to 也可用于被动句型，但 agree with 却不可以。例如：
Their terms have been agreed to .
3） agree on / about + 名词 / 代词
agree on 的意思是“对……取得了一致意见”，主语常常是协商一件事的人们或单位，后面常接表示具体协议的文件、计划、行动、日期、条款等名词，介词 on 有时可用 about 来替换。例如：
We all agreed on an early start tomorrow morning .
They didn't agree about some of the views in the book .
There is one point on which they all agree .
4） agree with sb . on sth .
这个句型的意思是“对某事跟某人意见一致”。它的相反意思的句型为：disagree with sb . about sth . “对某事跟某人意见不一致”。例如：
I agree with you on this matter .
They disagreed with you about some of the opinions in this report .
5） agree to do sth .
agree to do sth . 的意思是“同意(答应)做某事”。例如：
The worker agreed to mend the machine next Monday .
6） agree + that-clause
这个句型的意思是“同意(认为 / 承认)……”。例如：
We agree (with you) that this article is worth reading .
7） agree 作“同意”解时，也可单独使用。例如：
I asked him to go to the cinema with me and he agreed .
【妙文赏析】
Women Can Hold Up Half the Sky
Today people often talk about the Women's Liberation Movement in the 1960s and 1970s . As we know , women in the United States of America and elsewhere began to demand equal rights and treatment after that . But in China , the role of women has been changing since the founding of the People's Republic in 1949 . Today , instead of being housewives , more and more women are going into professions (职业) , such as medicine , law , teaching and engineering . In addition , they are beginning to be found in some important posts (岗位) which used to be held entirely by men . For example , many women pilots in China are flying in the blue sky . Now . women have made up a large part of work force in the industry , and facts have shown that they are superior (占优势) to men in many ways . Although we consider that their jobs according to their interests . Women's liberation still has a long way to go .
赏析：这篇论说文“论点、论据、论证”三要素齐全，摆事实论证“妇女能顶半边天”的论点，最后一句议论既提出了问题又点了题，很有说服力。请就你的理解做下面5题：
1. Pick out the statement which is TRUE according to the passage .
A. Women can not do the same jobs as men .
B. Every family needs a housewife .
C. Women's liberation will lead nowhere .
D. Women like to do work outside instead of staying at home .
2. With the Women's Liberation Movement , the prejudice (偏见) against women .
A. is becoming stronger B. is weakening
C. has completely disappeared D. has been overlooked
3. According to the passage , we think it right for women to .
A. demand equal rights and treatment with men
B. stay at home and raise children
C. lord (统治) it over men
D. make up a large part of work force in industry
4. Women used to play the role of housewives , but now .
A. they want to hold all the important posts
B. they like to be superior to men
C. many of them are going into professions
D. they refuse to take care of their husbands and children
5. “Women can hold up half the sky”implies that .
A. women can do the same jobs as men , and they should have
B. men have to be dependent on women
C. Women are born different
D. Women are superior to men in all respects
答案：1 - 5 DBACA
【思维体操】
Buying the Tickets with the saved Money
Mr Brown lives in Sydney . His house is about five kilometres ( 1 ) his office and the bus can ( 2 ) him there . He likes football very much and wants to ( 3 ) the football matches . His wife likes to buy nice clothes and ( 4 ) her husband give all his wages ( 工资 ) to her and he has to do ( 5 ) she says . Then she always ( 6 ) some fares ( 车费 ) back to him . Of course Mr Brown doesn't have any money to buy the ( 7 ) .
One evening he went to watch a football match . He bought a ticket ( 8 ) all his money and he ( 9 ) to go home ( 10 ) foot . When he ( 11 ) home , he was tired , but felt ( 12 ) . Since then he began to go to work on foot . But he is ( 13 ) to tell his wife about it .
This morning when he was having breakfast , he ( 14 ) a piece of news over the radio：the bus fares were going to ( 15 ) in price . He hurried to turn it ( 16 ) . but it was too ( 17 ) . His wife asked , “What did the radio say ? ”
He had to ( 18 ) her all he heard . Then he became sad and said , “What a pity ! ”
“You must be happy , I think , ”said his wife . “You will save some ( 19 ) . ”
“Sorry . I can't ( 20 ) with you , ”said Mr - Brown . I'll watch two matches short a month ? “
1 . A . far B . away C . far away D . from
2 . A . send B . bring C . take D . put
3 . A . see B . look C . look at D . watch
4 . A . asks B . let C . makes D . wants
5 . A . what B . that C . which D . like
6 . A . puts B . gives C . gets D . carries
7 . A . tickets B . buses C . football D . clothes
8 . A . with B . for C . to D . by
9 . A . had B . wanted C . liked D . enjoyed
10 . A . by B . on C . with D . for
11 . A . arrived at B . got to C . reached to D . got
12 . A . worried B . sad C . happy D . interesting
13 . A . sorry B . afraid C . ready D . pleased
14 . A . heard B . listened C . saw D . wrote
15 . A . rise B . raise C . drop D . low
16 . A . over B . on C . up D . off
17 . A . hard B . heavy C . far D . late
18 . A . say B . talk C . speak D . tell
19 . A . time B . work C . idea D . money
20 . A . go B . come C . talk D . agree
答案及简析：1 . D。far 和 away 都是副词，其后不能接名词。”离……多远“可用”… ( away ) from…“来表示。 2 . C 3 . D。按照英语习惯用法，看球赛应用 watch。 4 . C 5 . A。只有连接 代词 what 表示”所……的事情“，既引导宾语从句，又在从句中作 says 的宾语，故为最佳选择。 6 . B。give back 是一动词短语，意为”归还“，这里是说妻子只从工资里留给他坐车的钱。 7 . A。这里所说的 Mr Brown 没钱购买的，只能是看足球比赛的票。 8 . A。此空填介词 with，最”用“的意思。 9 . A。只有 had to 带有客观因素，意思是”不得不“，无疑为最佳选项。 10 . B。on foot 是固定的介词短语，意为”步行“。 11 . D。get home 为习惯搭配，故选 D。 12 . C。Mr Brown 步行回到家后有点累，但由于看了比赛，心里感到很高兴。 13 . B。表明 Mr Brown 不敢步行回家，把用所有节省下来的钱买观看球赛的门票这件事告诉给自己的妻子。 14 . A。此空应填 heard , 表示”听到“。 15 . C。收音机里传出的消息内容是有关车票价格”下调“的事，故选 drop。 16 . D。turn off 是一动词短语，意为”关上 ( 收音机 ) “。17 . D。下文妻子说的”You will save some money . “已暗示出，她已了解消息的内容，故填 late。18 . D。talk , speak 均为不及物动词，一般不能接宾语；say 后不能接双宾语。此处用的句型是 tell sb . sth . 。 19 . D。这里 save money 和上文收音机里传出的消息 the bus fares were going to drop in price 所表达的内容相照应。 20 . D。agree with sb . 表示”同意某人的意见“。
三、智能显示
【心中有数】
单元语法发散思维
whose 在定语从句中的用法
whose 是定语从句中一个常用的关系代词，表” …… 的“之意；它可以指”人的“，也可以指”物的“；既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。
〖思维一〗whose + n . 可作主语，宾语，功能与 which , whom (who )相同。如：
Mr King , whose legs were badly hurt , was quickly taken to hospital .
The boss in whose department Mr King worked had heard about the accident .
〖思维二〗whose 既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导非限制性定语从句。如：
My uncle whose office we have just passed , is a lawyer . 我的叔叔是个律师，刚才我们经过他的办公室 。
Once there was a wise king whose name was Alfred . 从前有一个叫阿尔弗雷德的英国国王。
〖思维三〗whose 代指”……的“，既可以指人，也可以指物。如：
Look at the building , whose roof is white . 看那栋楼，楼顶的颜色是白的。
The girl lives in the house , whose windows face south . 那个女孩住在这所房子里，房子的窗户是朝南开的。
〖思维四〗whose 表所属关系指物时，可与 of which 转换，词序一般是：名词+ of which
Look at the building , the roof of which ( = whose roof )is white .
The girl lives in the house , the windows of which ( = whose windows )face south .
〖思维五〗whose 不可与 of which (whom )转换的情况。
当 of 不具有”所属“含义时，（如在 hear of , be proud of , be fond of , be full of 等短语中，of 均不表”所属“关系），只能用 of which (whom) 或 which (whom , who )… of ，切不可盲目用 whose 。如：
Mary has been married to a scientist of whom you may have heard . (… < who / whom >you may have heard of … .) 玛丽嫁给了一位科学家，你可能听说过这个人。
She has a clever boy of whom she is proud .她有一个为之骄傲的聪明儿子。
〖思维六〗whose 在定语从句中，有”所属“含义，一般不再与其它限定词罗列使用。
当 whose 表”所属“含义时，其本身就是一个限定词，相当于 one's （具体讲是：my , his , her ,
its , our , your , their …），而限定词不可罗列在一起使用， whose 也不例外。如：
John , of whom my aunt is a distant cousin by marriage , comes to see us sometimes . 约翰有时来看看我们，他是我姑姑的一个远房亲戚。
【动脑动手】
单元能力立体检测
一、单元知识易混点改错
1 . Those boy students are going to call on woman scientists tomorrow .
2 . To my great surprising , he didn't feel surprised at his failure .
3 . She pretended sleeping when I entered .
4 . Ms King cut her hair , bought some men's clothes , used a man's name and finally getting a job in Mr Pattis's company .
5 . I don't want to see the boy his father is now in prison .
6 . It's sure that there is nothing that a woman can't do .
7 . The room , its windows face south , is our classroom .
8 . So as to get a job , Ms King had to lie to the Notco Company .
9 . It's stupid for you to say so .
10 . He replied with a loud smile , ”It was Tom who gave me that book . “
答案与解析： 1 . 把 woman 改为 women。当一个名词被 man 被 woman 修饰时，在变复数时，应把两个词同时变成复数形式。 2 . 把 surprising 改为 surprise。to one's surprise ( 令某人感到惊奇的是……) 是一固定短语，介词后用 surprise 的名词形式。 3 . sleeping 改为 to be sleeping . pretend 可接动词不定式作宾语，但不可接动名词作宾语。 4 . getting 改为 got。由 finally 前的并列连词 and 可知，此处应该是与 cut，bought , used 并列的谓语动词。 5 . his 改为 whose。在定语从句中，指人时要用关系代词 whose 或 of whom 表”……的“之意。his 不能用来连接句子。 6 . sure 改为 certain。certain 的主语可以指人也可以指物，而 sure 的主语只能指人。 7 . its 改为 whose . its 不可充当连词连接句子，whose 是关系代词，表”……的“，在定语从句中作定语，既可指人也可指物。此处相当于”of which“。 8 . So as to 改为 In order to。两者均可作目的状语，但 so as to 不可置于句首。 9 . for 改为 of。在 It's + adj . + prep . + sb . + to do sth . 句型中，当形容词是表示人的性质，表示称赞或责备某人做了某事时，介词要用 of。能这样用的形容词还有 clever , nice , stupid , foolish , brave , wise , kind , cruel 等。 10 . 删去 loud . smile”微笑“一般是无声地，与 loud”大声地“矛盾。
二、单项填空
1 . - How are you , Tom ?
- I'm ____ . Thank you .
A . right B . all right C . good D . not bad
2 . He advised ____ early .
A . to start B . starting C . we would start D . had started
3 . Something has gone ____ with my watch .
A . mistake B . mistaken C . matter D . wrong
4 . She turned red ____ what he said .
A . because B . at C . because of D . at
5 . I have been there ____ times .
A . scores of B . score of C . two scores D . scores
6 . The prisoner tried to ___ but was caught by the policeman .
A . escape B . flee C . escaping D . fleeing
7 . I don't think Jim saw me , he ____ into space .
A . just stared B . was just staring C . has just stared D . had just stared
8 . It was ____ late to catch a bus after the party , therefore we called a taxi .
A . too very B . much too C . too much D . far
答案及简析：1 . B . How are you ? 是询问健康状况的日常用语，四个选项只有 all right 是回答健康状况良好的，故为最佳选择。 2 . B . advise 表示”忠告“、”建议“的意思，其后可接名词、动名词、宾语 + 不定式，宾语 + 疑问词 + 不定式，也可接从句，这时从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。 3 . D . go wrong 是一动词短语，意为”出毛病“，”不对头“，其中 go 是表示变化的系动词，形容词 wrong 作表语，构成系表结构。 4 . C . because 和 because of 都有”因为“的意思，because 是连词，引导状语从句；because of 是短语介词，的后接名词性短语，其后接从句，必须由疑问词引导。 5 . A . 名词 score 表示”二十“的意思，用作此意时单数同形，而 scores of = a lot of，表示 ”大量的“”许多的“。 6 . A . escape 和 flee 都是逃跑的意思，但前者强调逃跑后的结果，后者表示逃跑的行为本身，常含有惧怕的意思，该句逃跑的用法属于前者。 7 . B . 根据 I don't think Jim was me 的语境可以判断出，当时 Jim 正在凝视天空，表示过去某一段时间正在进行的动作要用过去进行时。 8 . B . much too 意为”太“，”非常“，用作副词词组，修饰形容词、副词，用来加强语气；too much 作”太多“解，可用作名词词组；用作形容词词组，修饰不可数名词；用作副词词组修饰不及物动词。题干中形容词 late 表明，正确答案为 B。
【创新园地】
根据汉语，巧填”找“字，每空一词，不得重复。
1 . 我找不到我们的杯子。
I can't ______ our cups .
2 . 有人找过我吗 ?
Did anyone _____ _____ me ?
3 . 我不在家时，有人找我吗 ?
Did anyone _____ when I was out ?
4 . 现在在词典里查找这些词。
Now ______ _____ the words in a dictionary .
5 . 读这篇日记并找出这个问题的答案。
Read this diary and _____ _____ the answer to this question .
6 . 警察正在寻找失踪的男孩。
The police are _____ _____ the lost boy .
7 . 我想我可以在这里找到工作。
You could _____ a job here , I think .
8 . 有人找你接电话。
You are _____ on the telephone .
9 . 为什么不那天去找他，跟他谈谈这件事 ?
Why don't you run in to _____ him some day and talk with him about it ?
10 . 他们寻找那走失的孩子，但没有找到。
They _____ _____ the missing child but in vain .
11 . 你不会找不到它的。
You can't _____ it .
12 . 你在找什么 ?
What _____ you _____ ?
13 . 他们在三十公尺深的地方找到了水。
They ____ water at 30 metres deep .
14 . 请找杰克接电话好吗 ?
May I _____ _____ Jack ?
15 . 这是你的找头。
Here is your _____ .
（请同学们写好后把答案反馈给我们）
答案：1. find 2. ask for 3. call 4. look up 5. find out 6. looking for 7. get 8. wanted 9. see 10. searched for 11. miss 12. are , after 13. hit 14. speak to 15. change
四、同步题库
Ⅰ.句型转换
1.As he is well known for his medical treatment ,he is able to help a great many people with their diseases.
his medical treatment he is able to help a great many people with their diseases.
2.Many people who have their personal affairs can get answers from the policemen.
Many people can get answers from the policemen.
3.Her parents were dead and left her a lot of money.
Her parents were dead, a lot of money.
4.She seems to be writing a letter.
she is writing a letter.
5.I think it is possible that you'll master English.
I think English.
6.The boy can reach the apple which is high above his head..
The boy can reach the apple .
7.He examined the rope carefully .One end of it was tied to a lock.
He examined the rope carefully, was tied to a lock.
8.When he came back he found the room cleaned.
When he came back he found. .
9.Have you heard the sound that he locked the door?
Have you heard the sound ?
10.He found a man who was lying on the ground. He was dead.
He found a man .
11.As soon as he heard the news he jumped up with joy.
He jumped up with joy .
12.He is supposed to die like that.
he will die like that.
13.Seen from the top of the hill the city will look more beautiful.
the top of the hill the city will look more beautiful.
14.Water is lost into the air because of the heat of the sun.
Water is lost into the air .
15.3 doctors and 2 nurses make up the medical team.
The medical team 3 doctors and 2 nurses.
16.Most of the oceans contain 3.5 percent of salt.
Most of the oceans contain. .
17.I'll wait for you where the path meets the highway.
I'll wait for you the path meets the highway.
Ⅱ.完形填空
Mr Hart,a London taxidriver,has a new black taxi.With his taxi ,he hurries through the busy(1)every day.
One day when he was having a short rest,a young man jumped into his (2).
”To the station as (3) as you can,“shouted the man in a very(4)way .”My(5)leaves at three o'clock.“
Mr Hart did his best ,but there was a lot of traffic.At every corner there was a (6)light.
”Hurry up ,man!!I don't want to (7) my train,“said the young man.
”And I don't want to have an (8)“replied Mr Hart quickly.
While he was (9),Mr Hart suddenly recognized (辨认出) the man's (10).He was a (11).The police were looking for him.His picture was in the (12).
Mr Hart (13)through the streets and drove through red light .Soon there was a police car(14)him.Mr Hart raced on until he (15)the station.He stopped in front of the station at two minutes(16)three,and the young man quickly jumped out of the taxi.
”(17)!“cried Mr Hart.At the moment the police car stopped ,too.”Quick!He is the thief!“shouted Mr Hart.Two policemen(18)into the station.Three minutes later they(19)with the young man.
”Well(20)!“a policeman said to Mr Hart as they were taking the thief to the police car.
1.A.stations B.streets C.buildings D.shops
2.A.house B.car C.bed D.taxi
3.A.fast B.slowly C.quietly D.early
4.A.kind B.frightened C.unfriendly D.lovely
5.A.train B.bus C.plan D.ship
6.A.green B.yellow C.red D.black
7.A.catch B.lose C.leave D.miss
8.A.interest B.accident C.answer D.example
9.A.driving B.listening C.begging D.waiting
10.A.fact B.eye C.coat D.back
11.A.driver B.prisoner C.thief D.worker
12.A.films B.offices C.stations D.newspapers
13.A.walked B.raced C.flew D.looked
14.A.before B.beside C.behind D.near
15.A.reached B.passed C.hit D.entered
16.A.after B.to C.past D.at
17.A.Look B.Stand up C.Stoop D.Hands up
18.A.broke B.went C.walked D.rushed
19.A.disappeared B.left C.met D.returned
20.A.finished B.done C.known D.taken
Ⅲ.阅读理解
(一)
Saving the Seals
Who owns the sea?The ships of all countries sail the open seas.Not long ago,all countries could fish and hunt in the ocean as they pleased.Now ,the countries using the sea mush work together to protect the animal life in the sea.
In 1870,there were millions of valuable fur seals(海豹)in the Bering Sea(白令).Ships came from all parts of the world to kill them.
Men wanted the animals' fur and the oil from their bodies .By 1910 ,only about 130,000 seals were left.Even the hunters knew that something had to be done or the seals would disappear.
Four countries owned the land near the seals' northern home.In 1911 ,these countries began plans to control seal hunting.The governments of Japan,Russia,Canada and the United States agreed to kill no more seals in the open sea.They wanted to protect seals on the rocky islands where the animals rested and had their young.Only male seals that did not have mates could be killed .Money earned from the skins and oil of these seals was to be divided among the four governments.
Today,large herds(群)of seals swim in the Bering Sea again.By working together,four countries save the seals in the sea they share.
1.This passage is mainly about .
A.the governments of four countries B.protecting seals
C.the rocky islands D.the Bering Sea
2.Why were the seals hunted?
A.People wanted to eat seal meat. B.Their fur and oil were valuable.
C.The seals wre eating all the fish. D.The seals did great harm to the sea
3.The story does not say so,but it makes you think that .
A.hunters used seal oil on their bodies.
B.people used seal oil to cook food.
C.seals have little value for hunters
D.all the seals might have been killed
4.The four countries worked together .
A.in order to kill more seals B.in order to protect the seals
C.to protect the rocky island D.in order not to kill any seals.
5.Which of the following is true?
A.It is important to protect sea animals.
B.No more seals can be seen in the Bering Sea.
C.Only one country could hunt seals.
D.There are no seals in other parts of the world besides the Bering Sea.
(二)
Women Can Hold Up Half the Sky
Today people often talk about the Women's Liberation Movement in the 1960s and 1970s.As we know ,women in the United States of America and elsewhere began to demand equal rights and treatment after that.But in China ,the role of women has been changing since the founding of the People's Republic in 1949.Today ,instead of being housewives ,more and more women are going into professions(职业)such as medicine ,law ,teaching and engineering.In addition,they are beginning to be found in some important posts(岗位)which used to be held entirely by men.For example ,many women pilots in China are flying in the blue sky.Now ,women have made up a large part of work force in the industry,and facts have shown that they are superior (占优势) to men in many ways.Although we consider that their jobs according to their interests. Women's liberation still has a long way to go .
6.Pick out the statement which is TRUE according to the passage.
A.Women can not do the same jobs as men.
B.Every family needs a housewife.
C.Women's liberation will lead nowhere.
D.Women like to do work outside instead of staying at home.
7.With the Women's Liberation Movement,the prejudice(偏见)against women .
A.is becoming stronger B.is weakening
C.has completely disappeared D.has been overlooked
8.According to the passage,we think it right for women to .
A.demand equal rights and treatment with men
B.stay at home and raise children
C.lord(统治)it over men
D.make up a large part of work force in industry
9.Women used to play the role of housewives,but now .
A.they want to hold all the important posts
B.they like to be superior to men
C.many of them are going into professions
D.they refuse to take care of their husbands and children
10.”Women can hold up half the sky“implies that .
A.women can do the same jobs as men ,and they shoud have
B.men have to be dependent on women
C.Women are born different
D.Women are superior to men in all respects
Ⅳ.短文改错
Last night an incident was happened on a special 1.
train, in which a official from the British government 2.
was travelling to Paris attending an important 3.
meeting on Europe trade. Things was stolen from 4.
some of the passengers while everyone on the train was
slept, and even the police didn't notice anything 5.
unusual until eight o'oclock the next morning. 6.
Fortunately the suitcase in that the official 7.
paper had been placed was not stolen. In his speech on 8.
the radio this afternoon ,the official didn't say 9.
about the incident in a direct way when he said
he arrived Paris with only two shirts. 10.
Ⅴ.书面表达
美国计算机专家史密斯教授访问你校。请你代表欢迎会上在座人员向他表示欢迎和问候。大意为：随着中外交流日益增多，许多外国友人访问我国。今天我们很荣幸请来在计算科学领域颇有建树的史密斯教授。我们向他表示衷心问候和热烈欢迎。请史密斯先生讲话。
字数：100 个左右。
答案：Ⅰ.1.Well known for 2.with their personal affairs 3.leaving her 4.It seems that 5.it possible for you to master 6.high above his head 7.on end of which 8.the room had been cleaned 9.of him(his)locking the door 10.lying on the ground, dead 11.immediately(directly)he heard the news 12.It was supposed that 13. If it is seen from 14.because the sun heats it 15.is made up of 16.35 parts of salt per thousand parts of water 17.at the place where Ⅱ. 1～5 BDACA 6～10 CDBAA 11～15 CDBCA 1620 BCDDB Ⅲ. 1～5 B B D B A 6～10 DBACA Ⅳ.1.删去 was, happen 是不及物动词，没有被动语态。2.a→an. official 的第一个发音是元音。3.attending→to attend 用不定式表目的。4.was→were. 是复数形式。5.slept→asleep.作表语常用形容词。6.此句无错误.7.that→which.关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可跟介词一起放在从句的句首，这时关系代词只能用 which / whom,不用 that.8.此句无错误。9.say→speak.强调”说“这一动作，不涉及内容应用 speak.10.arrived→arrived in / reached.表示'到达某地”用 reach a place 或 arrive at (in)… 相对大的地方用介词 in，小的地方用介词 at。 Ⅴ.Ladies and gentlemen:
Following the increasing rapidity of our communications with countries abroad, China is having a great number of visitors from different countries. Today, we feel very much honoured to have Prof.Smith with us. Prof.Smith is well known to the world for his achievements in the field of Computer Science.
First of all, let me ,on behalf of all present here, extend our warm welcome and cordial greetings to our distinguished guest.
Now let us invite Prof.Smith to speak to us.
篇3：第21单元重点、难点
罗玉南
重点词语用法
1．gain,鷈arn,鷊et ＆ win
1)earn 意为“赚得”，表示经艰苦努力所得的报偿。
① He earns up to $ 50 , 000 a year by writing stories.
他靠写小说，一年收入高达五万元。
2)gain指在斗争，竞争中作出很大努力而“获得”，所得的东西常具有一定价值。
① I' m new in the job but I' m already gaining experience.这行当我是新手，不过我已经有点门道了。
3)get为普通词，有时指不一定需要努力就能“得到”。
① Please get me a glass of water. 请给我拿杯水。
4)win含有取胜的一方具有优越的特质或条件而能克服各种障碍的意思，意为“赢得”。
① His perseverance won him many friends and a gold medal.
他因为坚韧不拔而赢得了一枚奖章，并且结识了不少朋友。
2．follow的用法
1)follow 作“跟随”解。
① I'll lead the way,鷜ou just follow.我来带路，你们跟着。
② The boy followed his father out.男孩跟着父亲出去了。
③ One misfortune followed another.不幸的事一件接着一件。
2)follow 还可作“沿着，遵循，照……办”解。
① Follow this road until you get to the corner,then turn left.沿着这条路走到拐角处，然后向左转。
②These orders must be followed at once.
这些命令必须立即照办。
③ You must follow the instructions.你必须按指示办事。
④ You' d better follow the teacher' s advice.
你最好听从老师的劝告。
3)follow 还表示“听懂，理解”，与understand同义
① Can you follow me? 你们听得懂吗？
② Do you follow what I am saying?我说的话你听得懂吗？
4)following与the连用，意为“下面的，以下的”。
①In the following year the war came to an end.
次年战争结束了。
②It rained on the day we arrived,but the following day was sunny.我们到的那天正下雨，次日天气晴朗。
③The following is /are important. 下面的很重要。
④Answer the following question (s).回答下列问题。
⑤The three following sentences are difficult.
下面三句话很难。
5)as follows 是固定习语，意为“如下”。
①The rule is as follows. 规则如下。
② The rules are as follows. 规则如下。
③The full text reads as follows. 全文如下。
3．generation
1)generation 用作名词，
意为“同时代人，一代，一代人”是可数名词。
①Three generations of the family have been born and brought up in this old house.
这个家族的三代人都是在这个老房子里出生和成长的。
②It took three generations to build the great temple.
建造这座大寺院花了三代人的时间。
③China is building up a new generation of scientists.
中国正在造就新一代科学家。
④The new computers are much better in performance than the previous generation.
新的计算机在性能方面比上一代产品好得多。
⑤My generation behaves differently from my father' s and grandfather's.我这一代人和我父辈和祖辈表现不同。
2)generation 还可表示“产生(热)，发(电)，繁殖(后代)，
是个不可数名词。
①Steam and water are used for the generation of electricity.蒸汽和水力可用来发电。
②The biology class studied the generation of fruit flies.
生物班的学生研究了果蝇的繁殖。
4．perform 的用法
perform [p+'f&:m]vt．执行，完成，做；演出，表演。例如：
①They always perform their experiments with great patience.他们总是很耐心地做实验。
②The computer performs these calculations with surprising speed.计算机以惊人的速度完成这些演算。
③The surgeon was performing a dangerous operation.
外科医生正在施行一项危险的手术。
④What play will be performed tonight?今晚演出什么戏？
⑤The singer had never performed in Beijing before.
这位歌唱家以前从未在北京演唱过。
⑥He will be performing on the flute tonight.
今晚他将演奏笛子。
5．praise的用法
praise [preiz] vt．赞扬，表扬。例如：
①He was praised for his good works.
他因优秀的作品而受到称赞。
②Our friends praised the concert as the best they had listened to.
我们的朋友称赞说，这是他们所听过的最好的一场音乐会。
③They praised him for risking his life to save his comrade.
他们称赞他冒着生命危险去抢救自己的同志。
④He was praised for finishing his work ahead of time.
他由于提前完成工作而受到表扬。
【注意】praise 还可以用作名词，意为“赞扬,赞扬的话”例如：
①My books received high praise from general readers.
我的书极受广大读者的称赞。
②The teacher's praise has greatly encouraged us.
老师的称赞对我们鼓舞很大。
6．nowadays的用法
nowadays [nau+'deiz] adv．表示与以前相比，
意为“时下；现今”，
常与一般现在时动词连用。例如：
①Nowadays a lot of people go abroad.时下有很多人出国。
②Nowadays young people prefer watching TV to reading books.
现今年轻人喜欢看电视而不喜欢看书。
③In some parts of the world nowadays,you often see musicians performing in the streets to passers-by. 现在世界上有些地区，你还可以经常看到音乐家在街头为行人演奏。
④They used to read novels,鷅ut nowadays they read鷑ewspapers.
他们过去通常读小说，而现在他们看报纸了。
7．Otherwise
1)为连词，意为“否则”、“不然”。相当于or，or else。
①Do what you've been told; otherwise you will be punished.
照吩咐的去做，否则你将受到惩罚。
②Hurry up,鷒therwise you'll be late.
赶快，否则你要迟到了。
③Otherwise he would still be working because his heart and soul were still in the classroom with his students.
不然，他肯定还会继续工作下去，因为他的心仍在教室里和他的学生们在一起。
④Don't move,otherwise I'll shoot you.
别动，否则我开枪打死你。
2)otherwise 还可作副词用，意为“在其它方面”、“在不同情况之下”。
如：
①The rent is high,but otherwise the house is satisfactory.
租金是挺高的，但话说回来，这屋子还是令人满意的。
②The boy is naughty,but otherwise he is always doing well as he is told.这孩子很顽皮，但从另一方面说，他总是按照吩咐把事情做得很好。
3)otherwise 也可作“不同地”、“不那样”、“用其它的方法”解释。如：
①He should have been working,鷅ut he was otherwise engaged.他应该已经在工作，但是他在忙别的事情。
②It is clear that you think otherwise.
很清楚，你有不同的想法。
8．part作为动词时的用法
1) part 意为“(使)分开，分道”，常用 part sth.鷉rom sth., part sb. 如：
①The crowd parted and let us through.人群分开让我们通过。
②We tried to part the two fighters.
我们试图把两个打架的人分开。
③The police parted the crowd. 警察排开众人。
④The English Channel parts Britain from France.
英吉利海峡把英法两国分开。
⑤His hair was parted exactly in the middle.
他的头发在正中分开。
2)part 还可作“分手”、“断绝关系”解释。如：
① The little boy wouldn' t be parted from his pet rabbit.
这个小男孩不愿和他心爱的兔子分开。
②They were parted as children and didn' t meet again for more than 20 years.
他们在童年时分手后，二十多年未见过面。
③Let's part friends. 让我们和和气气地分开。
3)part with 作“离开…”、“放弃”解。
①He hates to part with his money. 他极不喜欢花钱。
②In order to raise money,鶰r Brown had to part with his gold watch.为了筹款，布朗先生不得不卖掉他的金表。
重要词组短语
1．be familiar with
1)be familiar with 是指“(某人)对(某人、事)熟悉”。
①I' m not very familiar with European history.
我对欧洲历史不太熟悉。
②I am quite familar with the author. 我很熟悉这位作家。
③I' m familiar with his character. 我很了解他的性格。
【注】以上各句可以改为：
①European history is not familiar to me.
②The author is quite familiar to me.
③His character is familiar to me.
④These facts are familiar to every schoolboy.
这些是每个学生都熟悉的事实。
2)be familiar with/to 还可表示“精通，通晓”。
①He is familiar with four languages.他通晓四国语言。
②French is as familiar to him as English.
他对法语就象对英语一样精通。
2．learn…by heart的用法
learn…by heart 意为“记住；背诵”。例如：
①I have learned the reading materials by heart.
我们已经背会了阅读材料。
②Have you learned by heart the main points of the article.
这篇文章的主要内容你都能背得出来吗？
③It' s very difficult for the children to learn the poem by heart.对孩子们来说背诵那首诗很困难。
3．pass away,鷓ass down,鷓ass on,＆ pass out
1) pass away 意为“死”，是种委婉说法。
①His mother passed away last year. 去年他母亲去世了。
2)pass sth down 意为“把某物一代一代传下去”。
①This ring has been passed down in my family.
这戒指是我家传下来的。
3)pass sth. on是“将某物传、交给(某人)”的意思。
①Pass the book on to me when you've finished with it.
那本书你看完了给我。
4)pass out意为“失去知觉，昏厥”。
① When the young man heard the news,鷋e passed out with the shock.那个年轻人听到这个消息，由于震惊昏了过去。
4．dance to the music随着音乐起舞
这一短语中的to为介词，表示“随着”、“伴随”、“比较”、“适应”等。如：
①Strange enough,鷗he snake began to move to the music.
奇怪的是，蛇随着音乐的节拍动了起来。
②The girl began to sing to the piano.
这女孩随着钢琴唱了起来。
③The picture is true to nature. 那幅画很逼真。
④The map was drawn to scale. 这地图是按比例绘制的。
⑤You can add salt to taste. 你可以按照口味加盐。
⑥We won by six goals to three. 我们以六比三获胜。
⑦He' s quite rich now to what he used to be.
比起他过去的情形来，他现在很富裕了。
⑧It's nothing to what it might be.
比起它可能的发展，这算不了什么。
常用句型结构
1.I think at the beginning we' d rather have some fairly quiet and peaceful music.
1)句中“…’d rather have…”是“… would rather have…”的缩写，意为“宁愿”，相当于：“… would prefer to have…” would rather 后接动词原形，否定式为 would rather not do…；后接从句通常用过去式，表示虚拟语气。如：
①Which would you rather have,bread or rice?
米饭和面包，你愿吃哪一样？
②We'd rather not meet them. 我们才不愿见到他们呢。
③I'd much rather you told me the truth.
我真宁愿你把真相告诉我。
④Would you rather I did it? 你是要我干这件事吗？
2)句中fairly是副词，意为“相当”解。fairly 的近义词是rather；它所表示的概念是积极的、令人满意的，因此多用来修饰某些带有褒义色彩的形容词或副词。如：
① He is a fairly brave boy. 他是一名勇敢的孩子。
②The food in that restaurant is fairly good.
那家餐馆的食品挺不错的。
rather 含有一种消极的、令人不愉快、不满意的意思，因而像dirty，badly，ugly，terrible 之类的形容词、副词就用 rather来修饰。如：
①I am rather tired. I think I will lie down for a rest.
我相当累了，我想躺下歇一会儿。
在用法上，rather可以同too连用(作“稍微……一点”解)，也可修饰形容词、副词的比较级；fairly则不能。如：
(×)This lesson is fairly too difficult.
(√)This lesson is rather too difficult.
(×)His composition is fairly finer than we expected.
(√)His composition is rther finer than we expected.
2．there be 结构
1) there be 结构表“存在”，“be”的形式由后面所带的名词决定，若后接一系列事物，而第一个事物为单数，则仍用there is。
①There is a lamp on the table. 桌上有盏灯。
②There are many apple trees in the garden.
花园里有许多苹果树。
③There is some cheese and some butter on the plate.
盘子里有一些奶酪和黄油。
④There is a text book,a dictionary and some notebooks on the desk.桌子上有一本教科书，一本字典和几本笔记。
2)there be 结构可以用各种一般时态。
①There are many English books in the library.
图书馆里有很多英文书。
②There was a meeting at the club yesterday.
昨天俱乐部有个会。
③There will be a good harvest this year.
今年有个好收成。
④There hasn' t been any rain for some days.
几天来一直未下雨。
3) there be 结构中可以用情态动词。
①There may be another downpour tonight.今晚可能又有大雨。
②There must be something wring.一定是出什么毛病了。
③There used to be a cinema here before the war.
这里战前曾有一座电影院。
4)there be 结构还可以用被动式。
①There are now published millions of books every year in China.现在中国每年出版成百万册书。
②On the following day,there was held a splendid banquet.
第二天大摆盛宴。
5)there be 结构还可以用疑问式。
①Is there a telephone in your room? 你房间里有电话吗？
Yes,鷗here is.是的，有。 /No,鷗here isn' t.不，没有。
②Will there be a meeting tonight? 今晚有会吗？
Yes,there will. /No,there won't.是的，有。 /不，没有。
③Have there been any letters from Jack lately?
近日有Jack的来信吗？
Yes,there have. /No,there haven't.是的，有。 /不，没有。
6)there be结构否定式，可在 be后加 not，也可在主语前加 no．
①There isn' t a telephone in the room. 屋里没电话。
②There aren' t any chairs in the room. 房间里没有椅子。
③There wasn' t any water in the bottle. 瓶子里没水。
④There won' t be a meeting tonight. 今晚没会。
⑤There hasn' t been any rain for ten days.
近十天一直没有雨。
⑥There is no smoking here. 这里不许抽烟。
⑦There are no books I want. 没有我需要的书。
7)there be结构除可用 be外，还可用其它动词。
①There came a scent of lime-blossom.飘来一阵菩提树的花香。
②Once upon a time there lived a king in China.
从前中国有一个国王。
③There appears to be a mistake. 似乎有个错误。
8)there be 结构的主语之后可接不定式或从句。
①There's plenty of housework to do. 有许多家务要做。
②There was no one for us to talk to.
我们没有一个可说话的人。
③There' s some people I'd like you to meet.
有几个人我希望你见见面。
3．动词prefer后跟复合宾语
1)prefer 后的复合宾语一般都是不定式，即 prefer sb. (not) to do sth.如：
①They preferred her not to go with them.
他们宁愿她不跟他们去。
②I should prefer you not to go there alone.
我宁愿你不要单独前往。
③I should prefer you not to stay there too long.
我倒希望你不要在那儿呆得太久。
④At the moment,I should prefer you not to talk about the question.在这个时刻，我倒希望你不要谈论这个问题。
2)用prefer表示“宁愿…不愿”的几种用法。首先我们看 prefer…to…这一结构，其中to为介词，后接名词。这一结构表示“喜欢…而不喜欢…”，介词to 短语为所不喜欢的人或事物。如：
①I prefer tea to coffee. 咖啡和茶相比，我更喜欢茶。
② He prefers beer to wine. 他喜欢啤酒，而不是葡萄酒。
③John prefers Dickens to Thackery.
约翰喜欢狄更斯而不是萨克雷。
3)当我们要表示主语喜欢或不喜欢的是一种动作时，在 prefer…to…后应分别跟上动名词。如：
①Few children prefer working to playing.
很少有孩子喜欢干活而不喜欢玩的。
②I prefer reading novels to watching TV.
看小说与看电视相比，我更喜欢看小说。
③He prefers doing to talking.他宁愿干实事而不愿空谈。
4) prefer…rather than…宁愿…而不愿…(跟不定式)
①She preferred to stay home rather than go with us.
她宁愿呆在家里也不愿同我们一起去。
②He prefers to go to the town by bike rather than take a bus.他宁愿骑自行车去镇上而不愿乘汽车去。
③I prefer to work rather than sit there doing nothing.
我宁愿干活不愿坐在那里无所事事。
④In the battle,鷗he soldiers preferred to die rather than give in.在战斗中，战士们宁死也不愿向敌人投降。
【注】prefer…rather than…后面接动词时，在prefer后接带to的不定式，在 rather than后接动词原形，也可在 prefer…rather than…后分别接名词。如：
⑤I think I should prefer fish rather than meat.我想我还是要鱼，不要肉。
语法基础知识
动词-ing形式作表语、定语和宾补的用法
1)-ing形式作表语，为泛指意义；不定式做表语多指一次性动作。
①My hobby is growing flowers.我的业余爱好是种花。
②My favorite sport is playing tennis.
我喜爱的运动是打网球。
③What I thought most was going to China.
我考虑最多的是到中国去。
④What I am going to do is to play tennis this afternoon.
我打算做的是今天下午去打网球。
⑤What I am told to do is to go to China at once.
我奉命要做的事是马上到中国去。
【注】 表语在结构上往往与主语形式一致。
①To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。
②Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见。
2)-ing形式可单独充当前置定语；若带有补足成分，则充当后置定语。
①a swimming pool 游泳池
②a teaching method 教学法
③ a tiring journey 令人疲倦的旅行
④ the boiling water 沸水
⑤ Do you know the man standing at the entrance?
你认识站在入口处的那个人吗？
⑥There were a lot Of people boating on the lake.
湖上有许多人划船。
3)感觉动词 feel,find,hear,smell,observe,watch,notice,鷏ook at,listen to以及有些使役动词如 have,set,get,catch,鷎eep,leave等都可接-ing形式的宾语补足语。
①I felt the house shaking. 我觉得房子在晃。
②I saw the naughty boy hitting the dog.
我看见那个顽皮的孩子打狗。
③I smell something burning. 我闻到东西烧焦的味。
④His words set me thinking. 他的话使我深思。
⑤ His letter left me feeling pretty bad. 他的信使我纳闷。
⑥ I'll have the car waiting at the entrance.
我将招呼车在门口等候。
⑦ She is listening to someone singing. 她正在听人唱歌。
⑧ Can you get the clock going again? 你能使这钟再走吗？
篇4：高四册第21课逍遥游
高四册第21课逍遥游
逍遥游
教学目的
1、学习本文，理清思路，把握文意。
2、体会《庄子》散文中寓言特色，了解庄子的人生哲学，并能对之作简单辨析。
教学设想
1 教学重点：教学目的1。
第一段：世间万物皆有所待（不自由）――第二段：世间万物皆有所待，又有“小大之辨（亦不自由）――第三段：从自然界到社会的人，无不有所待，真正的逍遥者是不受外物的限制的他们无所待（无己、无功、无名――追求绝对的自由――逍遥的境界）。”
2、教学难点 ：
庄子之文，不拘一格变幻无穷，打破了世俗观念世俗形式的限制，表现出一种与现实理念完全不同的哲学精神，一种与诸子散文迥然不同的行文风格。作为表达庄子思想核心――绝对自由精神的《逍遥游》，笔法上具有“汪洋自恣以适己”的特点，给人以“意出尘外，怪生笔端”的强烈印象。其神思，如龙翔云中，灵动飞异；其行文，如风行水上，飘逸洒脱。清代林云铭评《逍遥游》笔法云：“篇中忽而叙事，忽而议论，以为断而未断，以为续而非续，以为复而非复，只见云气空鳎往返纸上，顷刻之间，顿成奇观。”这种意随笔至随文挥洒的`笔法，是庄子绝对自由精神的外化形式，与诸子散文大相径庭。因此，从传统创作思路、文章框架、结构手法这些角度剖析《逍遥游》，实难窥其妙处。授课中当以感悟庄子的思想情感为主。
3 教学方法：在欣赏中理解，在朗读这记忆，在感悟中体会。
4 教学时数：2课时。
教学过程
第一课时
导语
“逍遥”也写作“消摇”，意思是悠游自得的样子；“逍遥游”就是没有任何束缚地、自由自在地活动，指无所依赖、绝对自由地遨游永恒的精神世界。。先秦诸子中能自成一家，别树一帜，具有独特内格的就是庄子。鲁迅称其文章“汪洋辟阖
，仪态万方，晚周诸子之作，莫能先也”（《汉文学史纲要》）。作为先秦道家学派的代表―庄子，以其思想、哲学等影响着后世，今天我们学习他的《逍遥游》，看看从中可得到什么启示。
庄子和《庄子》简介
庄子，名周，约生于公元前369年，死于公元前286年，战国时宋国人，著名的思想家，道家学派的重要代表，与老子并称为“老庄”。“我宁可游戏污渎之中自快，无为有国者所羁，终身不仕，以快吾志焉”（《史记.
老庄申韩列传》）一语可见其性格特点。
《庄子》一书现存33篇。有内篇7篇，外篇15篇，杂篇11篇。内篇7篇大体上是庄子自撰，外篇、杂篇可能是庄周门人和后学所作。
庄子的主要思想有“天道无为”，相对的认识论，无条件的精神自由等。他的思想属于唯心主义体系。他片面夸大一切事物的相对性，否定客观事物的差异，否定客观真理，在认识论上走向相对主义。从这种认识论出发，他对待生活的态度是：一切顺应自然，安时而处顺，知其不可奈何而安之若命。在政治上，他主张无为而治，反对一切社会制度，摈弃一切文化知识。
《庄子》散文最富有想象力和浪漫主义色彩，擅长用寓言故事来说明道理，《史记》载：“其著书十余万言，大抵率寓言也”。如丑女效颦、望洋兴叹、鲲鹏展翅、不龟手之药等，都是巧妙隽永、妙趣横生的寓言。
背景介绍
庄子天才卓绝，聪明勤奋，“其学无所不窥”（《史记・老子韩非列传》），并非生来就无用世之心。但是，“而今也以天下惑，予虽有祈向，不可得也”（《庄子・天地》）。一方面“窃钩者诛，窃国者为诸侯”（《l箧》）的腐败社会使他不屑与之为伍，另一方面，“王公大人不能器之”（《史记・老子韩非列传》）的现实处境又使他无法一展抱负。人世间既然如此沉浊，“不可与庄语”（《天下》），他追求自由的心灵只好在幻想的天地里翱翔，在绝对自由的境界里寻求解脱。正是在这种情况下，他写出了苦闷心灵的追求之歌《逍遥游》。
[4] [5] [6]
篇5：高四册第21课逍遥游
教学目的
1、学习本文，理清思路，把握文意。
2、体会《庄子》散文中寓言特色，了解庄子的人生哲学，并能对之作简单辨析。
教学设想
1 教学重点：教学目的1。
第一段：世间万物皆有所待（不自由）――第二段：世间万物皆有所待，又有“小大之辨（亦不自由）――第三段：从自然界到社会的人，无不有所待，真正的逍遥者是不受外物的限制的他们无所待（无己、无功、无名――追求绝对的自由――逍遥的境界）。”
2、教学难点：
庄子之文，不拘一格变幻无穷，打破了世俗观念世俗形式的限制，表现出一种与现实理念完全不同的哲学精神，一种与诸子散文迥然不同的行文风格。作为表达庄子思想核心――绝对自由精神的《逍遥游》，笔法上具有“汪洋自恣以适己”的特点，给人以“意出尘外，怪生笔端”的强烈印象。其神思，如龙翔云中，灵动飞异；其行文，如风行水上，飘逸洒脱。清代林云铭评《逍遥游》笔法云：“篇中忽而叙事，忽而议论，以为断而未断，以为续而非续，以为复而非复，只见云气空鳎往返纸上，顷刻之间，顿成奇观。”这种意随笔至随文挥洒的笔法，是庄子绝对自由精神的外化形式，与诸子散文大相径庭。因此，从传统创作思路、文章框架、结构手法这些角度剖析《逍遥游》，实难窥其妙处。授课中当以感悟庄子的思想情感为主。
3 教学方法：在欣赏中理解，在朗读这记忆，在感悟中体会。
4 教学时数：2课时。
教学过程
第一课时
导语
“逍遥”也.写作“消摇”，意思是悠游自得的样子；“逍遥游”就是没有任何束缚地、自由自在地活动，指无所依赖、绝对自由地遨游永恒的精神世界。。先秦诸子中能自成一家，别树一帜，具有独特内格的就是庄子。鲁迅称其文章“汪洋辟阖
，仪态万方，晚周诸子之作，莫能先也”（《汉文学史纲要》）。作为先秦道家学派的代表―庄子，以其思想、哲学等影响着后世，今天我们学习他的《逍遥游》，看看从中可得到什么启示。
庄子和《庄子》简介
庄子，名周，约生于公元前369年，死于公元前286年，战国时宋国人，著名的思想家，道家学派的重要代表，与老子并称为“老庄”。“我宁可游戏污渎之中自快，无为有国者所羁，终身不仕，以快吾志焉”（《史记.
老庄申韩列传》）一语可见其性格特点。
《庄子》一书现存33篇。有内篇7篇，外篇15篇，杂篇11篇。内篇7篇大体上是庄子自撰，外篇、杂篇可能是庄周门人和后学所作。
庄子的主要思想有“天道无为”，相对的认识论，无条件的精神自由等。他的思想属于唯心主义体系。他片面夸大一切事物的相对性，否定客观事物的差异，否定客观真理，在认识论上走向相对主义。从这种认识论出发，他对待生活的态度是：一切顺应自然，安时而处顺，知其不可奈何而安之若命。在政治上，他主张无为而治，反对一切社会制度，摈弃一切文化知识。
《庄子》散文最富有想象力和浪漫主义色彩，擅长用寓言故事来说明道理，《史记》载：“其著书十余万言，大抵率寓言也”。如丑女效颦、望洋兴叹、鲲鹏展翅、不龟手之药等，都是巧妙隽永、妙趣横生的寓言。
背景介绍
庄子天才卓绝，聪明勤奋，“其学无所不窥”（《史记・老子韩非列传》），并非生来就无用世之心。但是，“而今也以天下惑，予虽有祈向，不可得也”（《庄子・天地》）。一方面“窃钩者诛，窃国者为诸侯”（《l箧》）的腐败社会使他不屑与之为伍，另一方面，“王公大人不能器之”（《史记・老子韩非列传》）的现实处境又使他无法一展抱负。人世间既然如此沉浊，“不可与庄语”（《天下》），他追求自由的心灵只好在幻想的天地里翱翔，在绝对自由的境界里寻求解脱。正是在这种情况下，他写出了苦闷心灵的追求之歌《逍遥游》。
本篇是《庄子》的`代表篇目之一，充满奇特的想象和浪漫的色彩，寓说理于寓言和生动的比喻中，形成独特的风格。“逍遥游”也是庄子哲学思想的一个重要方面。全篇一再阐述无所依凭的主张，追求精神世界的绝对自由。在庄子的眼里，客观现实中的一事一物，包括人类本身都是对立而又相互依存的，这就没有绝对的自由，要想无所依凭就得无己。因而他希望一切顺乎自然，超脱于现实，否定人在社会生活中的一切作用，把人类的生活与万物的生存混为一体；提倡不滞于物，追求无条件的精神自由。
熟读课文
1、教师范读
北冥有鱼①，其名曰鲲②。鲲之大，不知其几千里也；化而为鸟，其名为鹏③。鹏之背，不知其几千里也；怒而飞④，其翼若垂天之云⑤。是鸟也，海运则将徙于南冥⑥。南冥者，天池也⑦。齐谐者⑧，志怪者也⑨。谐之言曰：“鹏之徙于南冥也，水击三千里⑩，抟扶摇而上者九万里(11)，去以六月息者也(12)。”野马也(13)，尘埃也(14)，生物之以息相吹也(15)。天之苍苍，其正色邪？其远而无所至极邪(16)？其视下也，亦若是则已矣。且夫水之积也不厚，则其负大舟也无力。覆杯水于坳堂之上(17)，则芥为之舟(18)；置杯焉则胶，水浅而舟大也。风之积也不厚，则其负大翼也无力，故九万里则风斯在下矣(19)。而后乃今培风(20)，背负青天而莫之夭阏者(21)，而后乃今将图南。蜩与学鸠笑之曰(22)：“我决起而飞(23)，抢榆枋(24)，时则不至，而控于地而已矣(25)；奚以之九万里而南为(26)？”适莽苍者(27)，三锒??28)，腹犹果然(29)；适百里者，宿舂粮(30)；适千里者，三月聚粮。之二虫又何知(31)？小知不及大知(32)，小年不及大年。奚以知其然也？朝菌不知晦朔(33)，蟪蛄不知春秋(34)，此小年也。楚之南有冥灵者(35)，以五百岁为春，五百岁为秋；上古有大椿者(36)，以八千岁为春，八千岁为秋(37)。而彭祖乃今以久特闻(38)，众人匹之(39)，不亦悲乎？
汤之问棘也是已(40)：“穷发之北有冥海者(41)，天池也。有鱼焉，其广数千里，未有知其修者(42)，其名曰鲲。有鸟焉，其名为鹏，背若太山(43)，翼若垂天之云；抟扶摇、羊角而上者九万里(44)，绝云气(45)，负青天，然后图南，且适南冥也。斥笑之曰(46)：‘彼且奚适也？我腾跃而上，不过数仞而下(47)，翱翔蓬蒿之间，此亦飞之至也(48)。而彼且奚适也？’”此小大之辩也(49)。
故夫知效一官(50)、行比一乡(51)、德合一君、而徵一国者(52)，其自视也亦若此矣。而宋荣子犹然笑之(53)。且举世而誉之而不加劝(54)，举世而非之而不加沮(55)，定乎内外之分(56)，辩乎荣辱之境(57)，斯已矣。彼其于世，未数数然也(58)。虽然，犹有未树也。夫列子御风而行(59)，泠然善也(60)，旬有五日而后反(61)。彼于致福者(62)，未数数然也。此虽免乎行，犹有所待者也(63)。若夫乘天地之正(64)，而御六气之辩(65)，以游无穷者，彼且恶乎待哉(66)？故曰：至人无己(67)，神人无功(68)，圣人无名(69)。
【注释】
①冥：亦作溟，海之意。“北冥”，就是北方的大海。下文的“南冥”仿此。传说北海无边无际，水深而黑。
②鲲（kūn）：本指鱼卵，这里借表大鱼之名。
③鹏：本为古“凤”字，这里用表大鸟之名。
④怒：奋起。
⑤垂：边远；这个意义后代.写作“陲”。一说遮，遮天。
⑥海运：海水运动，这里指汹涌的海涛；一说指鹏鸟在海面飞行。徙：迁移。
⑦天池：天然的大池。
⑧齐谐：书名。一说人名。
⑨志：记载。
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