以下是小编给大家收集的托福阅读五种题型的技巧,本文共8篇,欢迎大家前来参阅。本文原稿由网友“一个人”提供。
篇1:托福阅读五种题型的技巧
(1)主旨题。主旨题有三种:A、作者的意图;B、文章标题;C、文章的中心思想。这种题一般为第一道题,建议考生把这道题放在最后做,因为做其他题时,考生会逐步了解文章的各个细节,在做题的过程中就会对文章个总的理解,最后处理主旨题可谓水到渠成、万无一失。
(2)列举题。列举题有两种:A、一正三误;B、三正误。也可分为四类。第一类:一句话列举。根据某个选项的语言提示,回归文章找到一句话,这句话包含三个选项的内容;第二类:局部列举。根据题意,回归文章发现连续两三句话涉及三个选项的内容;第三类:段落列举。题干语言在某自然段首句重现。这个句子为段落主题句,即三个选项的内容在这段出现,不涉及到其他段落;第四类:文章列举。选项内容涉及整个文章。一句话列举题和段落列举题有明显的信号词帮助答题,根据题序做题,不必区别对待。文章列举题和局部列举题则应放其他题做完之后再处理。
(3)文章结论题。文章结论题即根据文章可以推断出下面哪个选项结论是正确的,题干没有任何语言信号词。这种题有以下几种布局:为文章第一道题时,相当于文章主旨题,应放在最后一道题时,有可能针对文章最后部分,也有可能针对整篇文章,但不大可能涉及文章其他部分的细节。所以文章结论题应该具体情况具体分析,并不一定是面对整个文章。
(4)作者态度题。作者态度题分为两种:A、局部作者态度题;B、整体作者态度题。文章最后一道题问及作者态度时为整体作者态度题,它涉及通篇文章,要根据整个文章数个语言点串起来的一根主线答题,也就是作者行文的口气。考生千万不可以根据某一个语言点答题,因为整体作者态度题不是考核某一个点,而是考整体感觉。局部作者态度题位置比较灵活,往往问及作者对文章中某一个具体内容的看法,题干通常信号请将考生带回文章某一区域,考查考生对某个语言点的理解。有时候,某个选项从作者的表达相悖,因此,做作者态度题时,考生一定注意不要把自己作为读者的分析、观点强加于作者。
(5)文章想方设法题。文章结构题三种:A、文章前面的段落内容是什么?B、文章下面接着将要讲什么?C、文章组织结构是什么?推断文章前面的内容立足于文章首句,因为文章首句承上启下,尤其注意首句中诸如this、so、other than之类的结构词。预测下文的内容则分两步走:第一、读文章每段首句,文章每段首句表示文章内容的逻辑走向。如果文章讲述某一事物的两个阶段或方面,下文将介绍这一事物的第三个阶段或方面。我们把预测下文内容的题称之为坐标题,即竖看文章每段首句,横看文章最后一句,其他句子是文章所讲内容,而不是下面将要讲的内容,往往选项干扰来自文章所讲内容。至于文章的组织结构题,只需要读文章每段首句即可,因为这些句子是文章框架。
托福阅读推理题的解题路径
一、正向推理
所谓“正向推理”,是指最终答案所描述的特质与文章所描述的特质一致。值得注意的是,这种特质的一致性往往体现为“整体”与“部分”特质的一致性,所以我们也常常把“正向推理”称为“整体与部分推理”。
正向推理包含两种主要情形,一种叫做给定段里面没有推理对象的情况,另外一种叫做有举例引发的“整体与部分推理”。所谓“整体与部分推理”,就是文章里面讲述一个特质是A,下面选项中的特征也是A,这个特质本身没有变化。文章里面讲什么特质,下面选项中就是什么特质,只不过一个是“整体”,一个是“部分”而已。“整体”具备A的特质,那么“部分”也具备A的特质,也就是A
A。
二、逆向推理
“逆向推理”又叫“取非式推理”,文章中讲的是A,下面选项里最终答案是“非A”,此推理包含三种情形。
一种是由新时间点引发的逆向推理,比如“now”表示现在,含有典型的暗转折含义。事实上,凡是时间点概念,都暗示着转折。比如说:澳门回归了,这意味着19之前澳门没有回归。这条原则可能听起来怪怪的,但意义重大,以后我们做托福文章要比其他没有经历过严格训练的同学多长一个心眼,但凡是有时间点出现,就意味着前后的特质不一致,而这恰好是考点。
第二种是由新地点引发的逆向推理。事实上,它和第一点的内涵是一致的,可以被统称为“分类取非”。在文章中经常会出现把一个大类分成两个小类的情况,比如文章里面讲述生物分为两类,一类是动物,一类是植物,这时文章里面会谈到动物和植物的“不同点”而不会是“相同点”。
最后一种是由特定词引发的逆向推理,这一类词包括unlike、without以及所有能够表示“比例”的词等。
实际上,推理题的真正难点在于我们很难在短时间内找到用于推理的句子,这样我们可以用以上两个大类的推理路径来解决这个问题。
篇2:托福阅读五种题型的技巧
Two species of deer have been prevalent in the Puget Sound area of Washington State in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The black-tailed deer, a lowland, west-side cousin of the mule deer of eastern Washington, is now the most common. The other species, the Columbian white-tailed deer, in earlier times was common in the open prairie country, is now restricted to the low, marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River.
According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the white-tailed deer of Puget Sound?
A. It is native to lowlands and marshes.
B. It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than to other types of deer.
C. It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie.
D. It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it once occupied.
这是一个典型的细节题,在该题题干中,有的考生会选择“Puget Sound”作为关键词回原文定位,因为它是专有名词,在文中会比较显眼。但是如果一旦选择了这个地名,势必会定位在该段的第一句话,托福阅读细节题往往是定位在哪句就在哪句找答案,这样的话考生是选不出正确答案的,因为定位不精确。其实正确的关键词应该是“White-tailed Deer”,这个用连字符连接的词在文章中也是比较醒目的,按该词定位应是该段最后一句话。所以根据它的意思应该选D项。其中A项与原句意思不符,B和C 都与定位句信息无关。
所以说在做托福阅读部分时,应该快慢相结合,即例子句,修饰句等可以略读,文章首段、每段首尾句等都要精读,尤其是问题,一定要确保每个单词都读到,这样才能从总体上把握出题人到底问什么,才不会掉入出题人提前设置好的误区圈套中。教育提醒同学们在复习阅读过程中也可以 自己总结每类题的答题技巧,出题人的出题方向,哪些地方可能会设置误区等,从出题人的角度来看问题,就能避免很多不必要的错误。
托福阅读中的细节题其实不难,但前提是定位的点要对,比如下面这个例题:
Two species of deer have been prevalent in the Puget Sound area of Washington State in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The black-tailed deer, a lowland, west-side cousin of the mule deer of eastern Washington, is now the most common. The other species, the Columbian white-tailed deer, in earlier times was common in the open prairie country, is now restricted to the low, marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River.
According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the white-tailed deer of Puget Sound?
A. It is native to lowlands and marshes.
B. It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than to other types of deer.
C. It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie.
D. It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it once occupied.
这是一个典型的细节题,在该题题干中,有的考生会选择“Puget Sound”作为关键词回原文定位,因为它是专有名词,在文中会比较显眼。但是如果一旦选择了这个地名,势必会定位在该段的第一句话,托福细节题往往是定位在哪句就在哪句找答案,这样的话考生是选不出正确答案的,因为定位不精确。其实正确的关键词应该是“White-tailed Deer”,这个用连字符连接的词在文章中也是比较醒目的,按该词定位应是该段最后一句话。所以根据它的意思应该选D项。其中A项与原句意思不符,B和C 都与定位句信息无关。
所以说在做托福阅读部分时,应该快慢相结合,即例子句,修饰句等可以略读,文章首段、每段首尾句等都要精读,尤其是问题,一定要确保每个单词都读到,这样才能从总体上把握出题人到底问什么,才不会掉入出题人提前设置好的误区圈套中。教育提醒同学们在复习阅读过程中也可以 自己总结每类题的答题技巧,出题人的出题方向,哪些地方可能会设置误区等,从出题人的角度来看问题,就能避免很多不必要的错误。
托福阅读解题技巧:读懂句子更能攻克托福阅读
在托福阅读的框架中讨论读懂句子的方法,那么一定逃不开句子简化题。这个题型是对我们是否能读懂句子最直接的考察。我们先来看一下这个题型的提问方式:
Which of the sentences below best express the essential information in the highlighted sentences in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
这个题型要求我们选出表达高亮句“核心信息”的选项,所以我们在做托福阅读题时,第一步就是要读出原句的核心信息,第二步再将这个核心信息与选项一一比对,排除核心含义不符的选项。而对于任何一个句子来说,它内容上的核心一般与语法上的主干相对应。所以做题时,我们可以略读句子的次要信息,先抓住主干和核心进行排除。下面,我们将用两个一易一难的题目,来具体讲解这个思路,帮助大家掌握托福阅读句子的方法。大家在看分析之前,一定要自己先思考选出答案哦。
例题1:TPO9 Passage 1 Colonizing the Americas via the Northwest Coast(Paragraph3)
Fladmark’s hypothesis received additional support from the fact that the greatest diversity in native American languages occurs along the west coast of the Americas, suggesting that this region has been settled the longest.
A. Because this region has been settled the longest, it also displays the greatest diversity in Native American languages.
B. Fladmark’s hypothesis states that the west coast of the Americas has been settled longer than any other region.
C. The fact that the greatest diversity of Native Americas languages occurs along the west coast of the Americas lends strength to Fladmark’s hypothesis.
D. According to Fladmark, Native American languages have survived the longest along west coast of the Americas.
下面,大家来校对一下答案吧,这题的正确答案应该是C. 我们一起来看看该如何分析吧:
我们遵循以上的做题思路:
1. 读出原句的基本含义,既语法上的主谓宾。在原句中,主语是Fladmark’s hypothesis,谓语动词是receive,宾语是support.在support之后的from the fact是一个介词短语,属于次要信息。而在fact之后由that引导的同位语从句旨在阐述fact的具体内容,也属于次要信息。所以这句话最中心的意思就是Fladmark’s hypothesis received support(假设得到了支持).
2. 接下来,我们就需要将上面读出的句子的中心含义跟选项进行一一比对和排除啦。
? 我们先看A选项。A选项的前半句是一个原因状语从句,属于次要信息,该句的主干是it displays the greatest diversity(它展现了最大的多样性),核心明显与原句不相符,直接排除。
? 然后,我们看B选项。B选项的主干是Fladmark’s hypothesis state that…(假设表明…),that之后引导宾语从句,阐述“表明”的具体内容,核心也没有提到“假设被支持”,直接排除。
? 接下来我们看C选项。C的主语是The fact. 这个句子的谓语动词很多同学会找错。在fact之后是that引导的同位语从句,occur是从句中的动词,而这个句子主句的谓语动词是lends. 所以这句话的结构是The fact that…lends strength to Fladmark’s hypothesis(事实借给假说力量),与原句主要信息相同,作为备选答案。
? 最后,我们来看一下D选项。D选项的主语是Native American language,动词是survive, 所以D选项的主要含义是Native American languages have survived the longest(本土美国语言存活最久),也与原句的核心含义不相符,排除。
3. 所以这个题,通过读懂句子的主要信息,我们就可以直接选出C答案了。
做完第一题呢,给大家总结一下。对于任何一个句子来说,不论是大家自己阅读,还是做简化题,亦或是做其他题型,我们都要抓住句子的重点、理解作者要表达的观点(read for imformation and comprehension),做到筛选出并读懂句子的核心,这样才能理解作者思想、做对题目。对于次要信息(状语、定语、介词短语等),我们可以读,但是它们绝不是我们理解的重点。
那接下来,我们再做一道难度稍微大一些的托福阅读简化题。大家仍然要先思考,再看解析哦。
例题2:TPO40 Passage2Latitudeand Biodiversity (Paragraph 2)
The tropics contain a larger surface area of land than higher latitudes—a fact that is not always evident when we examine commonly used projections of Earth’s curved surface, since this tends to exaggerate the areas of land in the higher latitudes—and some biogeographers regard the differences in diversity as a reflection of this effect.
A. Some biogeographers believe that the tropics have large surface areas than they actually do because of the distortions produced by projections of Earth’s curved surface.
B. High levels of diversity in the tropics are sometimes attributed to the fact that the tropics have more surface area of land than the higher latitudes do, though distortions incommonly used projections may seem to suggest otherwise.
C. Because biogeographers disagree on whether or not the tropics are correctly represented in projections of Earth’s surface, it is difficult to determine the relationship their surface area has to their diversity.
D. Most biogeographers agree that the tropics contain a larger surface area of land than higher latitudes do, but they disagree on whether or not the tropics’ level of diversity is a reflection of that larger surface area.
这一题的正确答案选B,大家选对了吗?根据之前讲的步骤,我们来分析这个题的原句:
1. 读出原句的基本含义:这个题的原句非常长,但是我们可以略去两个省略号之间表示解释的内容。我们发现,该句话是一个and连接的并列句,有两套主谓结构。所以,我们在理清句子基本含义的时候,要注意这个句子是有两套主干,也就是有两层重要信息的,而这两层信息,是同等重要、缺一不可的。第一层是The tropics contain a larger surface area of land than higher latitudes(热带包含比高纬度更大的表面积),第二层是biogeographers regard the differences in diversity as a reflection of this effect(生物地理学家把多样性的不同看做面积不同的反映)。
2. 接下来,我们把这两层含义跟选项进行一一比对和排除。
? 首先我们来看一下A选项。A选项的主语是biogeographers,谓语动词是believe,宾语是一个that引导的从句the tropics have large surface areas than they actually do(热带的面积比它们实际上大),这句话与原句的第一层重要意思不相符,而且选项A也没有写到第二层重要信息,所以直接排除。
? 接着,我们看B选项。B选项的主语干是High levels of diversity in the tropics are sometimes attributed to the fact (热带高的多样性被归因于一个事实),在“fact”的后面是一个同位语从句,表明这个事实的具体内容:the tropics have more surface area of land than the higher latitudes do(热带的表面局比高纬度大),这样原句的两层重要含义都体现在该选项之中了,后半句的though引导让步状语从句,属于次要信息。所以B选项暂时保留。
? 然后我们来分析C选项。C选项的前半句是一个because引导的原因状语从句,属于次要信息,我们可以暂且忽略。然后往后看到句子的主干:it is difficult to determine the relationship their surface area has to their diversity(很难决定表面积与多样性的关系),这里缺乏了原句中的第一层重要信息,第二层重要信息也说错了,直接排除。
? 我们最后看一下D选项。D选项也是一个并列句,由转折连接词But连接。在but之前的小分句对应了原句的第一层意思,然而在But之后,they disagree on whether or not the tropics’ level of diversity is a reflection of that larger surface area的意思是“他们不同意热带的多样性是否是表面积的反应”与原句第二层重要意思不符合。
3. 那么复合原句两层重要信息的就只有B选项了。
通过以上两个题目,我们可以看到,在做托福阅读简化题时,我们最重要的思路是抓住一个句子的重点,这样做题准确率高而且速度很快。在托福阅读的其他题型中,句子的理解也是必不可少的,但是我们的托福阅读句子方法仍然跟上面所写的一样:抓住核心信息,详略结合地阅读。这种阅读的方法不仅仅适用于各种考试,也是我们再自己阅读小说、课本以及各种读物时所应该做到的。
希望通过这两个题目的分析,大家掌握了做句子简化题的思路,也对句子理解有一些感悟。记得也要记下这两句话的生词哦,这里的词都是托福阅读常见词汇呢!
篇3:托福阅读十大题型技巧锦囊
考生们在备考托福阅读考试的时候,会发现一些托福考试中的用句超出了自己的能力范围。对于这些句子,我们需要从语法的角度去完全把握。如果在考试中遇到不能理解的句子时,考生比较偏向于一遍一遍地去读句子,没读懂不说,还浪费了时间,影响了下面的答题。下面我们来分析下托福阅读十大题型技巧。
词汇题
问法:The word/phrase _X is closest in meaning to____
技巧:
(1)首先看是否认识, 如果在认识, 在选项中找同义或近义词, 并代入原文检验
(2)如果不认识,将4个选项代入原文, 看上下文是否合理
(3)看原词所在句子前后2句, 找重复对应
(4)如果悬想中有2个悬想都在上下文中合理,选择在含义上与原词沾边的词
(5)选项中不认识的词不轻易去选
做题顺序:
看单词,看选项,原文验证
注意:
(1)不可能所有单词都认识
(2)注意熟词僻义, 一定看完所有选项,并代回原文验证
指代题
问法:The word they/ their/ it/ its/ some in the passage refers to
技巧:
(1)单复数
it找单数名词或名词性词组
they找复数名词或名词性词组
(2)在主从复合句, 并列句中, 后半句的代词主语优先指代前半句主语的核心词(有例外, 要从意义判断)
(3)简单句中,代词优先指代主语核心词, 次之制代宾语核心词.
(4)代词所在句子找不到合适的指代, 优先指代前一句主语, 次之指代后一句宾语
(5)一句话中, 相同的代词指代相同
直接事实题
问法:According to the passage, what/ which/ why/ when?
技巧:定位原文, 细读
(1)题干明确定位 (如给出第几段, highlight)
(2) 题干无明确定位
A 找题干中人名, 地名, 物种名, 大写, 斜体, 数字年代, 符号.
B 定位某一段, 再定位某一位置
C 用核心名词定位
infer题(需要精确理解)
注意:既然是infer, imply, 就一定不是原文中明确说的
技巧:
(1)时间前后推理
(2)排除法
a 原文直接清楚描述的,排除
b 与原文无关的新内容,排除
(3)不要加入自己的观点
举例说明概述题 (例子的作用)
技巧:
(1)重点不是例子本身, 而是举例子的目的及例子的服务对象
(2)概述的同义改写就是答案
6 EXCEPT列举题
技巧:重视文中三个或三个以上的列举 (遇到的话就做笔记记下来---Sissi如是说)
定位:核心关键词 such as n1, n2, n3………A, B, and/ or C.
插入句子题
逻辑关系, 上下文关系, 是否紧密,是否有跳跃
技巧
(1)待插入的句子中, 代词 this, these their, it, such, he, another 这些通常是上一句]提过的,所以才特指
(2)因果, 转折等过渡词 therefore, so, however, as a result, consequently, on the contrary
(3)递进扩展词 furthermore, also, as well, too, other, in addition, moreover, besides, even, additionally
(4)结构配对词on the one hand…. On the other hand some…others
(5)关键同义词 重复出现的名词、副词、形容词
句子要点题
问法:which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence
错误选项:
(1) 有新内容, 或有相反内容
(2) 遗漏了原文中重要信息
全文总结题
考全文key points的总结 (不只一个key point)
(1)注意段首句, 注意自己归纳总结
(2)关注文章结构,特别是先总后分式
(3)错误选项特征
a 原文没有的新内容, 或在程度, 范围上发生变化
b 与原文相反
c 有原文中的细节 (细节不该是key point)
信息归类题
特点:
(1)通常文章采用对比写法
(2)有无用的选项
关键:排除无用选项
篇4:托福阅读题型的解答技巧
托福阅读题型的解答技巧
TYPE1: FACTUAL INFORMATION QUESTIONS
题型特征 四个选项中一般只有一个被原文提及,被提及的那个就是正确答案。
解题方法 题干中的关键词回原文定位,读该句即可,一般是题干中的名词或形容词。
提问方式 OG P.20 ACCORDING……
TYPE2: NEGATIVE FACTAL INFORMATION QUESTIONS
题型特征 四个选项中一般有三个被原文提及,只有一个未被原文提及。
解题方法 未被原文提及的是正确答案
提问方式 OG P.22 NOT/EXCEPT
TYPE3: INFERENCE QUESTIONS
题型特征 四个选项中在原文中均没有被明显提及
解题方法 key words 找本句 再读前一句 与 后一句
原文涉及到哪个方面,就向哪个方面推论,其他方面全错。
提问方式 OG P.23 INFERENCE……
TYPE4: RHETORICAL PURPOSE QUESTIONS
题型特征 Provide examples to explain/illustrate “A”
解题方法 (1)Sentence A,? p.15 sentence B. B是进一步说明A,并且 A的范围比B的宽。
提问方式 OG P.24 …mention/example/in order to…
(1).For example, SVO
(2).S. for example vo.
第二种模式,托福考试中经常用。
解题方法 (2) Sentence A Topic1→Topic2 … A承上启下的作用
提问方式 OG P.24
TYPE5: VOCABULARY QUESTIONS
题型特征 P.16, 17
解题方法 (1)句内处理,填空式做法
提问方式 OG P.25
解题方法 (2)句间处理,寻找逻辑关系
提问方式 OG P.25
TYPE6: REFERENCE QUESTIONS
解题方法 (1)带入翻译
(2)接力现象,连续指代
(3)一些特殊结构
(4)排除法
TYPE7: SENTENCE SIMPLIFICATION QUESTIONS
题型特征 主从句关系一致性,范围一致性
解题方法 逻辑关系一致性
提问方式 OG P.28
TYPE8: INSER TEXT QUESTIONS
解题方法 (1)代词 因为代词,前面应该有相应的名词,代词指名词
位于段落开头的位置,几乎必然错
此代词要指代前一句中的名词性成份,若不能指代错
所以做此题时,先找前一句的名词性成份
(2)指示代词 this+n.+vo
先找出n. 再找出n.在原文中出现的位置
(3)找出关联词,按逻辑关系对应
(4)句子主干
TYPE9: PROSE SUMMARY
解题方法 细节性内容不选
原文没有的内容不选
原文相反的内容不选
TYPE10: FILL IN A TABLE
解题方法 只读选项中的核心词即名词或名词结构
托福阅读真题原题+题目
One area of paleoanthropological study involves the eating and dietary habits of hominids, erect bipedal primates — including early humans. It is clear that at some stage of history, humans began to carry their food to central places, called home bases, where it was shared and consumed with the young and other adults. The use of home bases is a fundamental component of human social behavior; the common meal served at a common hearth is a powerful symbol, a mark of social unity. Home base behavior does not occur among nonhuman primates and is rare among mammals. It is unclear when humans began to use home bases, what kind of communications and social relations were involved, and what the ecological and food-choice contexts of the shift were. Work on early tools, surveys of paleoanthropological sites, development and testing of broad ecological theories, and advances in comparative primatology are contributing to knowledge about this central chapter in human prehistory.
One innovative approach to these issues involves studying damage and wear on stone tools. Researchers make tools that replicate excavated specimens as closely as possible and then try to use them as the originals might have been used, in woodcutting, hunting, or cultivation. Depending on how the tool is used, characteristic chippage patterns and microscopically distinguishable polishes develop near the edges. The first application of this method of analysis to stone tools that are 1.5 million to 2 million years old indicates that, from the start, an important function of early stone tools was to extract highly nutritious food — meat and marrow — from large animal carcasses. Fossil bones with cut marks caused by stone tools have been discovered lying in the same 2-million-year-old layers that yielded the oldest such tools and the oldest hominid specimens (including humans) with larger than ape-sized brains. This discovery increases scientists' certainty about when human ancestors began to eat more meat than present-day nonhuman primates. But several questions remain unanswered: how frequently meat eating occurred; what the social implications of meat eating were; and whether the increased use of meat coincides with the beginnings of the use of home bases.
1. The passage mainly discusses which of the following aspects of hominid behavior?
(A) Changes in eating and dietary practices
(B) The creation of stone hunting tools
(C) Social interactions at home bases
(D) Methods of extracting nutritious food from carcasses
2. According to the passage , bringing a meal to a location to be shared by many individuals is
(A) an activity typical of nonhuman primates
(B) a common practice among animals that eat meat
(C) an indication of social unity
(D) a behavior that encourages better dietary habits
3. The word consumed in line 4 is closest in meaning to
(A) prepared
(B) stored
(C) distributed
(D) eaten
4. According to paragraph 2, researchers make copies of old stone tools in order to
(A) protect the old tools from being worn out
(B) display examples of the old tools in museums
(C) test theories about how old tools were used
(D) learn how to improve the design of modern tools
5. In paragraph 2, the author mentions all of the following as examples of ways in which early
stone tools were used EXCEPT to
(A) build home bases
(B) obtain food
(C) make weapons
(D) shape wood
6. The word innovative in line 13 is closest in meaning to
(A) good
(B) new
(C) simple
(D) costly
7. The word them in line 15 refers to
(A) issues
(B) researchers
(C) tools
(D) specimens
8. The author mentions characteristic chippage patterns in line 16 as an example of
(A) decorations cut into wooden objects
(B) differences among tools made of various substances
(C) impressions left on prehistoric animal bones
(D) indications of wear on stone tools
9. The word extract in line 19 is closest in meaning to
(A) identify
(B) remove
(C) destroy
(D) compare
10. The word whether in line 26 is closest in meaning to
(A) if
(B) how
(C) why
(D) when
托福阅读真题原题+题目
Prehistoric mammoths have been preserved in the famous tar pits of Rancho La Brea (Brea is the Spanish word for tar) in what is now the heart of Los Angeles, California. These tar pits have been known for centuries and were formerly mined for their natural asphalt, a black or brown petroleum-like substance. Thousands of tons were extracted before 1875, when it was first noticed that the tar contained fossil remains. Major excavations were undertaken that established the significance of this remarkable site. The tar pits were found to contain the remains of scores of species of animals from the last 30,000 years of the Ice Age.
Since then, over 100 tons of fossils, 1.5 million from vertebrates, 2.5 million from invertebrates, have been recovered, often in densely concentrated and tangled masses. The creatures found range from insects and birds to giant ground sloth's, but a total of 17 proboscides (animals with a proboscis or long nose) — including mastodons and Columbian mammoths — have been recovered, most of them from Pit 9, the deepest bone-bearing deposit, which was excavated in 1914. Most of the fossils date to between 40,000 and 10,000 years ago.
The asphalt at La Brea seeps to the surface, especially in the summer, and forms shallow puddles that would often have been concealed by leaves and dust. Unwary animals would become trapped on these thin sheets of liquid asphalt, which are extremely sticky in warm weather. Stuck, the unfortunate beasts would die of exhaustion and hunger or fall prey to predators that often also became stuck.
As the animals decayed, more scavengers would be attracted and caught in their turn. Carnivores greatly outnumber herbivores in the collection: for every large herbivore, there is one saber-tooth cat, a coyote, and four wolves. The fact that some bones are heavily weathered shows that some bodies remained above the surface for weeks or months. Bacteria in the asphalt would have consumed some of the tissues other than bones, and the asphalt itself would dissolve what was left, at the same time impregnating and beautifully preserving the saturated bones, rendering them dark brown and shiny.
1. What aspect of the La Brea tar pits does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The amount of asphalt that was mined there
(B) The chemical and biological interactions between asphalt and animals
(C) The fossil remains that have been found there
(D) Scientific methods of determining the age of tar pits
2. In using the phrase the heart of Los Angeles in line 2, the author is talking about the city's
(A) beautiful design
(B) central area
(C) basic needs
(D) supplies of natural asphalt
3. The word noticed in line 5 closest in meaning to
(A) predicted
(B) announced
(C) corrected
(D) observed
4. The word tangled in line 10 is closest in meaning to
(A) buried beneath
(B) twisted together
(C) quickly formed
(D) easily dated
5. The word them in line 13 refers to
(A) insects
(B) birds
(C) cloths
(D) proboscideans
6. How many proboscideans have been found at the La Brea tar pits?
(A) 9
(B) 17
(C) 1.5 million
(D) 2.5 million
7. The word concealed in line 17 is closest in meaning to
(A) highlighted
(B) covered
(C) transformed
(D) contaminated
8. Why does the author mention animals such as coyotes and wolves in paragraph 4?
(A) To give examples of animals that are classified as carnivores
(B) To specify the animals found least commonly at La Brea
(C) To argue that these animals were especially likely to avoid extinction.
(D) To define the term scavengers
篇5:托福阅读考试多选题型答题技巧
托福阅读存在着一种题型,就是托福阅读多选题。新托福阅读题最后一道题一般都是多选题,多选题分两类,一类叫图表题,给你一个图表,让你6选3或者8选4。第二类叫文章内容小节题,文章内容概述题,什么意思呢?下面为大家介绍托福阅读技巧,如何应对多选题。
先给你一句话,这句话就是这篇文章的中心思想,请问下面哪几个选项中反映了这篇文章的中心思想。
这样的话,这个题目是我们的第二个问法,这是阅读中我们最常见的两种多选题,这种题同学们不要有畏惧心理,因为这类题目分值也比较高,一般是2分或3 分。我们即使答错一个空,3分题还会拿到两分,不会给你扣掉所有的分。
第二,这个问题是基于你之前问题的答案的基础上,当你把之前其他的问题都答完了,你整个的这篇文章读的也很好了,再做这个题的话,基本上问题不大了。只要别错太多,这种题多少都会有分的。
第三,这类题目的数量比较少。所以我们做这个题要特别的细心,做这个题的关键在于对这道题题干中的那句话的理解,因为这句话就是文章的概述,基本上下面的答案都是符合这句话的,或和这句话有关联点的,跟这句话扯得太远的一般就是错误选项,所以要求我们特别细心,越细心越好。
以上就是托福阅读多选题的介绍,以及对于它的托福阅读技巧,希望对于大家解决托福多选题有所帮助。针对性的大量的做练习,这对提高此类题目的正确率也是非常有效的。
篇6:托福阅读新旧题型比较及应对技巧-1
托福阅读新旧题型比较及应对技巧-1
1995年8月开始,TOEFL考试对词汇与阅读理解部分作了调整,词汇测试不再以单句形式进行,而是融会到阅读理解题中,让考生根据上下文辨别词义,其目的是通过更大的、更具体的语言环境来测试词汇的意义。新题型共有5―6段阅读的短文,并且增加了对每段短文的.提问,由原来的4―7道题改为8一12道题,但问题的总数由原来的60道题改为50道题,此部分时间由45分钟延至55分钟,分数量表不变。
一、新旧题型对比
1、旧题型
VOCABULARY -30 questions
READING COMPREHENSION -30 questions
TOTAL TIME -45 minutes
TOTAL QUESTIONS -60 questions
2、新题型
READING COMPREHENSION -50 questions
TOTAL TIME -55 minutes
TOTAL QUESTIONS -50 questions
题型的变化可以说令人喜忧参半:忧的是阅读量增加了,由原来每篇200一300个词,累计词左右,变为现在的每篇约450词,共计3000一4000词,使原不就“紧俏”的时间更显珍贵;喜的是题目少了,且其中相当一部分是词汇题,考查的又多是常用词,只要有比较丰富的词汇:过、解答这种题就相当容易。若碰到生词,在一篇文章的语言环境中,完全可以通过分析、推理判断出来,这要比从一句话中使猜词义容易得多。
二、阅读理解的基本对策
全面备战TOEFL考试的阅读理解、必须抓好“一个中心,两个基本点”,即以词汇量为中心,扩大知识面,提高阅读速度。
1.坚持扩大词汇量和阅读量
众所周知,丰富的词汇量是提高阅读理解能力的先决条件。试想,面对一篇满是生词的文章,何谈阅读?何谈理解?更不用提解题技巧了2但是扩大词汇量决不是一朝一夕就能办得到的,必须循序渐进,积少成多,集腋成裘。
首先,精选一本好的TOEFL词汇书,书中应全面收集近l0年来TOEFL考试中出现的词汇。然后将全部词汇先过一遍,分清其中哪些是确已熟知的单词;哪些单词打开字典认识,换个地方就糊涂;哪些单词是素末谋面的新面孔。对于第一类词汇应果断地“抛弃”,不在上面花费任何时间,而集中火力攻克第二类词汇.即在记忆中似是而非的词汇,直至对它们了然于胸(相信这点在短期内就可以成功),这时再果断地将它们“置诸脑后”,转而钻研那些完全陌生的词汇。这样,可以避免反复诵读已知词汇,而对陌生词汇始终未知的局面,以期最终达到抛开词典,化有形为无形的“心有千千词”的境界。
篇7:托福阅读新旧题型比较及应对技巧-2
托福阅读新旧题型比较及应对技巧-2
在具体实施“抛弃”战术日久应制定一个循序渐进的阶段性计划,如每天记多少个单词,每一阶段(如10天)应达到什么目标?更长的时间(如1个月)又应有什么长进。每到一个阶段的末尾,应对这一阶段学习的词汇来个总复习,既检阅了学习成果,又对个别生词再次重点“进攻”。根据实践经验,推荐下面几个具体的方法,定能助你一臂之力,一举攻克词汇大关。
(1)制作单词卡
对于那些完全陌生的单词,可以将其制成卡片加以记忆。每张卡片正面是单词,反面记下它的词义、词性和例句.
切记:不要简单地将字典上的例句照妙下来,而应尽量自力更生编写例句。别担心你的例句滑稽可笑,有时越可笑反而越好,因为你在笑的同时就已经把生词深深地印在脑海中了。
(2)通过会话记忆单词
每天都进行英语会话,而不是有可能或有时间才进行,并尽量在会话中使用所学单词,也是攻克词汇关行之有效的方法之一,因为在不同语境下运用词汇,才能最大限度地帮你记住它们。如果身边没有会话的同伴.那就说给自己听,并尽可能将当天所学的'词汇用于其中,哪怕只能用上二三个也是好的。
(3)边阅读边记忆
掌握大量词汇无疑是快速阅读的上佳途径。有材料就读,有时间就读;在读的过程中,遇到生词先根据上下文猜测其词义.待读完全篇后,再查字典,弄清它们的确切含义。这样你就会发觉,每读完一篇文章就会有所收获。
当然,词汇的积累是个漫长而痛苦的过程,需要具备决心、耐心和信心,必须坚定地执行计划,不达目的誓不罢休。如果你只有痛苦的感觉,则应该赶紧反省一下了,因为你的方法可能不对。试试上面的方法,将无生命的单词融进各种情境中去,发挥你的想象力,用它们来表达你自己的思想,赋予它们血肉。这样,等你坐在TOEFL考场上,拿起文章阅读时,就会惊喜地发现文章里面绝大多数都是些“老朋友”。
2.广泛涉猎,扩大知识面
TOEFL阅读中选取的文章、其文体不外乎记叙文、议论文说明文和描写文,也有极少数应用文,但题材相当广泛,既有自然科学,也有社会科学,常见的有物理、化学、历史、地理、气象、天文、考古、医学、生物、教育、宗教、社会、法律、文学、艺术、体育等。若考试时碰到的文章内容从前从未涉及过,那就难免不知所云了。例如―篇文章中提到Gauguin(高更),一个与梵高相识的法国画家。如果你对高更其人一无所知,而认为Gauguin一词是一种动物或别的什么的话,就难免堕入五里雾中;如果你平时涉猎广泛,对高更略知一二,那么impressionism(印象派),naturalist(自然主义者)之类的词就会浮上脑海。
针对TOEFL阅读文章题材广泛的特点,平时注意“博览群书”,不失为备战ToEFL阅读的基本对策之一。如经常阅读英文报刊、杂志和小说等,以便接触各种文体和题材的文章。
3. 养成猜测生词的习惯,以提高阅读速度
TOEFL考试阅读量之大,相信参加过或准备参加TOEFL考试的人都有所领教,因而阅读速度之重要也就不言而喻了。这里需要澄清一个错误观念,即认为必须认识文章中的每一个单词并看懂每一个句子才能答对题目。其实,考试时这样做既不可能也无必要,你只需看懂回答问题时需要的文字就可以了。这就要求平时有意识的训练自己进行一些粗线条的阅读,以了解文章中心为目的,对那些不影响理解文章要旨的词汇可以不去管它,对关键的生词要学会猜测。总之,要改掉见生词就查的坏习惯。当然,提高阅读速度是相当技巧性的,我们以后会有专题讲解。
篇8:托福阅读不同题型审题技巧讲解
托福阅读不同题型审题实用技巧讲解
细节题推断题修辞目的题如何审题技巧
对于托福阅读中的细节题,推断题和修辞目的题,审题是非常关键的。如果考生审题不清晰,或是直接看选项对比原文,很容易会答非所问。而提升这类题型的审题效率需要从两个方面进行强化。一方面是阅读词汇,词汇是基础,掌握了一定量的词汇才能无障碍理解题目;另一方面要注重题目问的是什么,是what,why,where还是which。与此同时要特别注意题目中的逻辑关系,这不仅能帮助我们定位原文细节,还能提升考生对题目的理解能力。
实例讲解
【官方真题Official1】Timberline Vegetation on Mountains中的第三题:Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about the upper and lower timberlines?
拿到题目后首先看疑问词,问的是which,另外infer出现表示这是一道推断题,这两步骤都可以一扫而过,关键点在about之后,找到要我们推断的点是什么,此题问的是the upper and lower timberlines,and的出现表示是并列结构,也就说下面选项中所推断的信息必须同时符合the upper timberlines 和 the lower timberlines的特征,必须是共同的特征。理解清楚题目后再回原文找the upper timberlines 和 the lower timberlines,找到他们描述的共同点就是答案所在之处了。
托福阅读中无需审题也能解答的题型分析
除了上述审题十分关键的托福阅读题型外,还有一些题型不需要仔细审题,看到题目后直接按照老师所讲解题方式解题。这包括词汇题,指代题(此类题型现在基本不考),句子简化题,句子插入题和全文总结题(6选3)。词汇题和指代题会在原文中标注出考查的单词或词组,我们考试时无需花太多时间读题,只要知道考查的是什么词,直接回原文阅读或直接对比选项。句子简化题,插入题和全文总结题的题干很长,但固定,也就是说这一题型的题干每次都一样。如果每次花时间阅读,费事又不一定理解正确。所以一定在考前学习时先仔细阅读分析句子简化题的题干,理解出题原则和解题要求,牢记于心,考试的时候就无需再花时间阅读题干,直接分析考查的句子即可。
以上就是小编为大家着重讲解的托福阅读不同题型的审题方法技巧,希望能够帮助考生提升审题速度,更快更好地理解题目从而提升解题速度和效率,在托福阅读部分拿到更为理想的成绩。
托福阅读真题原题+题目
By the mid-nineteenth century, the term icebox had entered the American language, but icewas still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice tradegrew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by someforward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (1861-1865),as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880, halfthe ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston andChicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new householdconvenience, the icebox, a precursor of the modern refrigerator, had been invented.
Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenthcentury, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration,was rudimentary. The commonsense notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the icefrom melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling.Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping the ice in blankets, which kept theice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve thedelicate balance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient icebox.
But as early as 1803, an ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been on the righttrack. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the villageof Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport hisbutter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs ofhis competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-poundbricks. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have totravel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The influence of ice on the diet
(B) The development of refrigeration
(C) The transportation of goods to market
(D) Sources of ice in the nineteenth century
2. According to the passage , when did the word icebox become part of the language of the
United States?
(A) in 1803
(B) sometime before 1850
(C) during the civil war
(D) near the end of the nineteenth century
3. The phrase forward-looking in line 4 is closest in meaning to
(A) progressive
(B) popular
(C) thrifty
(D) well-established
4. The author mentions fish in line 4 because
(A) many fish dealers also sold ice
(B) fish was shipped in refrigerated freight cars
(C) fish dealers were among the early commercial users of ice
(D) fish was not part of the ordinary person's diet before the invention of the icebox
5. The word it in line 5 refers to
(A) fresh meat
(B) the Civil War
(C) ice
(D) a refrigerator
6. According to the passage , which of the following was an obstacle to the development of the
icebox?
(A) Competition among the owners of refrigerated freight cars
(B) The lack of a network for the distribution of ice
(C) The use of insufficient insulation
(D) Inadequate understanding of physics
7. The word rudimentary in line 12 is closest in meaning to
(A) growing
(B) undeveloped
(C) necessary
(D) uninteresting
8. According to the information in the second paragraph, an ideal icebox would
(A) completely prevent ice from melting
(B) stop air from circulating
(C) allow ice to melt slowly
(D) use blankets to conserve ice
9. The author describes Thomas Moore as having been on the right track (lines 18-19) to indicate
that
(A) the road to the market passed close to Moore's farm
(B) Moore was an honest merchant
(C) Moore was a prosperous farmer
(D) Moore's design was fairly successful
10. According to the passage , Moore's icebox allowed him to
(A) charge more for his butter
(B) travel to market at night
(C) manufacture butter more quickly
(D) produce ice all year round
11. The produce mentioned in line 25 could include
(A) iceboxes
(B) butter
(C) ice
(D) markets
PASSAGE 1 BBACC DBCDA B
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