下面就是小编给大家分享的新托福写作考试技巧盘点,本文共6篇,希望大家喜欢!本文原稿由网友“滚滚也是猫”提供。
篇1:新托福写作考试技巧盘点
新托福写作考试技巧盘点
1.指令一出来就立刻跳过。
你对指令应该已很熟悉,因此只要指令一出现就立刻用鼠标点Continue,将你的时间省下来用在答题上。如果综合写作任务的内容你并不熟悉,不要担心。新托福写作所有你需要回答的信息都包含在段落里。回答这些问题不需要有任何背景知识。
2.仔细地阅读材料。
你只有有限的阅读时间。阅读段落时,仔细记笔记。注意主要观点和主要的支持信息。不要写下你读到的所有内容。不要写下太多不必要的细节。
3.仔细听。
每段你只能听一次。考试时你不能重复这些段落。边听边仔细记笔记。不要写下你听到的所有内容。不要写下太多不必要的细节。主要要记下所听材料的要点即可。
4.组织自己的回答。
新托福写作技巧回答应包括说明阅读段落和听力段落之间关系的主题句、支持主题句的重要材料、关于阅读材料的一个段落、关于听力材料的一个段落。
5.利用过渡词使你的回答连贯。
如果能显示出回答的观点是如何相互关联的,你的回答就更易被读懂、理解。
6.坚持使用你所知道的词汇、句子结构和语法点。
这时不是你尝试新词汇、句子结构和语法点的时候。注意显示在计算机屏幕上标题栏内的时间。该标题栏显示本节考试所余时间、本节问题的总数、你所做问题的总数。
提前几分钟写完你的答案,留出编辑校对的时间。你应该利用最后的3~5分钟检查自己的回答,看看是否有句子结构问题和语法错误。
托福独立写作考试内容介绍
托福独立写作考什么:
独立写作试题。本部分需30分钟的时间,需要考生根据自己的知识和经验陈述、解释并支持对某一问题的看法。通常有效的回答应是一篇超过300个单词的作文。
考生可以自由选择材料、形式和观点等,不受题目的严格限制。本试题属于主观性题目。相比较而言,第二道题目考生更容易取得高分。
托福独立写作考试注意:
托福独立写作侧重于考察写作本身的能力,这里已经排除掉了阅读和听力的干扰。当然,你也可以说,作文题目也考查了阅读的能力,可是,您老人家如果题目都读不懂的话,阅读基本上也希望不大了。
但是在这里也必须澄清一个误区,也许是因为GRE作文的影响,当然也有可能是因为中国传统教育体系的影响,总是想追求最好的回答方式。
因此很多人都是在讨论,到底是3段支持好一点,还是2段支持1段中立,抑或是2段支持1段反对更好一点。其实这样的问题,在gre考试之中讨论一下还有意义,但是在托福考试中进行讨论,是完全没有意义的。
作中词汇与句型的应用
TOEFL写作中词汇的选用
首先,我们先来看看词汇量。所谓词汇量,从宏观出发指的是你所掌握的单词总数。比如说你为了参加托福考试,整日茶饭不思,大门不出在家苦苦求索,用无数大脑细胞换来的单词记忆量。这个首先保证的是你的阅读能力,当你看到这个单词的时候好像形同陌路,也有点似曾相识,但是可以很大程度上帮助你理解整篇文章的意思,如此一来,你做TOEFL阅读部分的时候,词汇量的大小决定了你对文章的认知程度。可是对于写作而言,这个单词量就要另当别论了,或许你可以有几万个单词在大脑里,可是谈到写作,就很难用单词量来衡量你的具体应用了;换句话说,你认识他们每一个人,但是他们是不是认识你就不好说了。
很多同学背单词的坚韧精神让我佩服不已,但一如既往地记忆的确很好,可是在写作方面还是有很多苦恼:一般是提笔忘字或者高级词汇的使用,还有就是句型过于简单罗列,使得整篇文章缺少亮点和层次感。想要避免提笔忘字,就要谈到词汇要怎么记忆了,纯粹的单词表记忆,破坏了单词之间的联系性,积累写作方面的单词,最好不要逐一地背单词表,按照字母顺序排列的单词,彼此之间的联系太少。针对这一特点,市场上TOEFL写作类的图书都做了很多调整,经常在每篇范文之后附加了文章中好的词汇和短语,这样在你学习了范文的写法之后,再回味一下文章中的词汇精华,一举两得。如果有充分的时间,可以选择一些文字类新闻多一些的英文网站,Yahoo,MSN之类的就不错。通过阅读新闻来积累单词,首先很多社会新闻可以成为我们写作的构思素材,其次多元化的新闻,不容易产生死背单词的枯燥感。
关于高级词汇在TOEFL写作中的应用,我觉得要顺其自然。有些考生总是喜欢找一些级别高的单词,甚至是被人冷落的单词进行记忆,这就好像让莎士比亚去考托福一样,级别相差太多。我见过很多学生,尤其是高中生,因为记忆力还保持在茂盛期,所以偏爱这种类型的记忆;这样做的优点在于你的单词量扩展得很好,基本可以参加GRE的考试,缺点就是牺牲太多时间,也会损害记忆能力。针对TOEFL考试,词汇上的升级其实也很简单,我们来看下边这个例子:
important ? significant ? magnificent
具体应用到句子中:
1. WTO is planning an important conference about commercial regulations.
2. It is a significant contribution to the society.
3. We have visited the magnificent Forbidden city.
这几个词大家都很熟悉,都有“重要,华丽”的意思。可是作为同级比较的形容词,它们之间的关系则是递进式的,其强调的重要或者华丽的程度也在逐渐提升。如果你按照这样的顺序来进行记忆,不但可以记牢这几个单词,而且可以得到如何应用的真谛。所以所谓的高级词汇的应用,要从基础开始,打好基础之后再进行积累,切忌操之过急。再来看看下边这个例子:
Humility humiliate humiliated humiliating
这几个词汇都是由humility衍生出来的,但是意思大不相同,humility是我们的传统美德,叫做“谦卑”,和pride正好是反义词;而humiliate却是“使人蒙尘”的意思,humiliate和humiliating 一般口语使用偏多,指的是“感觉很丢脸,没有面子”。例如:I feel humiliated 或者 it is humiliating. 有时候,与其花费大量时间去记忆新单词和词组,都不如在已经掌握的单词中进行联想性的扩展来的有效和实惠。其实道理很简单,说一个东西好,很好,到非常好,相当好,甚至好到不能再好,这是一个纵向比较的记忆方法,按照级别的不同进行选择性的记忆和使用。
我们再看看下边这个例子:
So amazing are these crewmembers that they have successfully accomplished space walk,what a briliant mission!
这句话是某英文网站对神舟七号的评价,这个属于句子的倒装,但是强调的内容是amazing。这个词意思很广泛,而且同义词也有很多,例如incredible, wonderful, 甚至unbelievable,这里用amazing是表示难以置信的好,类似incredible,是对太空行走这次任务完成的积极评价,这就是高级词汇的同等记忆了,这几个词都有“美妙,奇妙,难以置信”之类的意思,记忆的方法属于横向比较,也就是说,都是表示好到不能再好之类的意思,但是好的方向不同,所以单词的选择会有区别。
托福写作中句子句型的使用
我们来看看句子吧。如果说单词是句子的灵魂,那句子就是文章的基石,而句型则是不同品质的基石,可以让整篇文章充满多样的色彩,读起来让人很有兴趣。虽然句型的变化很多,可是针对TOEFL文章的特点,一篇接近300字的议论文,IBT在注重文章的完整性和一致性的同时,也需要文章有精彩的内容。可是文章篇幅有限,我们仅仅需要熟练地应用几个不同的句型,就一定会给评分人留下很深刻的印象了
句子中的修辞
我们看看下边的几个例句:
1. Knowledge will never lie
知之为知之,不知为不知,是智也。
这个句子使用了拟人的修辞手法,赋予了knowledge生命,形象化了知识的严谨性,同时也避免了直接翻译的繁琐冗长。
2. That information comes very impressively to everyone in the job market。
那一信息使所有正在找工作的人为之一震。
这个句子也间接使用了拟人的手法,人性化了Information这个词,come可以把人们接受信息的过程表达的更生动。
3. Confidence never fails to play a significant role in your entire life
自信在你一生中扮演极其重要的角色
这个句子中never和fail表示双重否定,用以加强肯定的成分。
这几种句子中的修辞手法都可以使句子的意思表达起来更生动,让人读起来容易接受,同时也避免了直接翻译的很多缺点。
强调句的应用和举例说明
孔子《论语》中的这个经典语句可谓家喻户晓,一句“有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎”道出了中华民族作为礼仪之邦的特点。在托福中,这句话可以应用在关于friendship的文章,这句话直译过来说的是:有朋友从很远的地方来看你难道不是一件很开心的事情吗?通过中文理解,我们知道这句话所强调的部分是:一件很开心的事情。“开心”有很多词汇可以选择,常用的有happy和glad,高级一点的有enjoyable和pleasant,再高级一点的还有incredible和delightful。应用到实际写作中,可以使用it is 做一个强调句来凸显这句话的特点,例如:
It’s delightful to have friends from distant lands。
在这个句子中,除了deightful以外,其他句子成分都很平常,每个人都会写,所以即使是评卷人看到这个句子也不会觉得稀奇,那么作为强调句,恰好是delightful这个词,代表了一种发自心底的喜悦和开心,让读过这个句子的人都有眼前一亮的感觉,这也就达到了强调句的作用。然而happy和glad也都有快乐之意,但是和delightful相比就显得不够级别了,明显高兴的程度不一样,delightful更能显示一种喜悦带来的兴奋,迎接千里迢迢来访的朋友这样的表达最恰当不过了。可以起到强调作用的句型结构有很多,我们能够用到的同位语从句和倒装句都有这样的作用,例如:
It is an undeniable fact that human activities harm the Earth.
这句话中that后边引导的就是要强调的内容,即an undeniable fact. 为了突出harm the Earth是一个不可否认的事实,做成这样一个句子。
Only through effective measures can the government resolve the dispute.
这句话强调的就是only后边的effective measures,而且翻译过来是只有同过有效的措施,强调的唯一性,无二法门。
为什么要倒装
从字面上解释,倒装句子的特点就是把句子倒过来说,这样的解释过于直白但却很实际。根据英语句型结构特点,因为要强调才会选择去倒装。我们看看下边的两个例子:
1. So severe is this problem that we have no alternative but to take some feasible measures to deal with it.
2. So amazing are these crewmembers that they have successfully accomplished space walk.
句子中划线的部分就是倒装结构的重点强调所在,关于倒装句的作用,前边已然讲过,这里就不多说了。在TOEFL的具体应用中,我们需要在写作实践里进行检验。
Only through education can we rise in the world.
Only by receiving education can we rise in the world.
从句什么时候使用
在托福写作中,从句句型还是应用比较广泛的,常用的主语、宾语从句,定语从句,还有我们讲过的同位语从句。我见过的托福写作范文中,包括CBT和IBT的两类作文,段落中从句出现的频率都是很高的,尤其是第一段introduction中,一般做背景介绍的时候都会使用宾语从句,例如:some people claim that… 在文章的主体部分中,为了体现句式的变化,各种从句交替应用就显得很重要;即使在iBT导入了first draft的概念之后,对文章的内容要求也没有改变要求,需要体现完整性和统一性。有一点值得注意,从句虽好,但不宜过多重复,这就好像美酒虽好,但不要贪杯的道理一样。好钢用在刀刃上,从句的优点是简单句不能比拟的,但只有简单句结合从句,才能体现句子的多变性;也只有全部的句子都为主题句服务,文章的整体性才会更好的体现。以下是议论文写作中比较好的一些从句例子:
1. Many experts claim that people should positively participate in garbage recycle.
宾语从句,一般出现在首段背景介绍部分。
2. Horror movies, in which there might be bleeding and terrifying scenes, are not recommended for children.
定语从句,一般在主体部分中比较常见,用以解释说明,达到简化句子的目的。
3. As long as you are a student, you should always behave yourself.
状语从句,让步状语从句比较常见的使用although或者though来引导,这里介绍一个使用as long as来引导的句子,这个例句可以解释成做一天和尚撞一天钟。
4. When it comes to psychology, most people believe that it is a behavioral study.
时间状语从句,例句中的应用表示了“当谈到…的时候”,这是一种美式英语中经常出现的句式,口语和书面语都可以使用,推荐各位掌握。
谚语的选择和使用方法
谚语,即proverb。很多都陪伴我们一路成长,有很多的警世名言都可以应用到写作中,可以给你的文章提升说服力。谚语的应用一般要注意一下几点:
第一, 要考虑到东西方文化的差异。毕竟我们的文章是给外国友人欣赏的,所以要注意谚语的背景。说句不客气的话,我们上下五千年的历史长河里流淌了太多的文化,有太多东西让这些可爱的阅卷人看不懂了。
例如:no pain, no gain 不劳无获,no sacrifice , no gain 不入虎穴,焉得虎子
这两个no…no…的成语很多人都知道,其含义可以被全世界人接受,所以在TOEFL的文章中被频繁使用。 但是,no hunt, no bark 这个成语,直译过来是说不去打猎就不需要听到狗叫了,成语里的典故讲的是韩信说过的一句话:鸟尽弓藏,兔死狗烹。这句话我们很容易理解,而因为文化背景的区别,从原文理解起来对西方逻辑有点困难,所以不建议各位在托福的写作中应用。
第二, 学会灵活地运用谚语。挑选谚语是第一步,接下来的就是你如何去使用它了。比较常见的是作为主旨句出现在段落之中,这个前边提到了一些,例如:Knowledge will never lie 和It’s delightful to have friends from distant lands。表示友谊重要性的还有Friendship never sinks即友谊之船永不沉没,等等。
以下提供一些写作中比较常见的好的谚语,希望各位斟酌使用。
Practice makes perfect 熟能生巧
Patience is the road to understanding 理解万岁
All roads lead to Rome 条条大路通罗马
Attitudes define everything. 态度决定一切
Every coin has its two sides. 有利有弊
One’s meat is another’s poison. 己所不欲,勿施于人
讲了这么多的句型和从句,应用起来也要注意方法,切忌移花接木,强买强卖。我见过很多考生喜欢写强调句,因为格式简单,模仿起来也容易,但是如果在每一个段落都出现倒装或者强调句,那也就不能凸现强调的意义了,反而让人感觉重复,索然无味。有些时候文章的段落里是不需要大篇幅应用从句的,强行介入的从句反而会使句子读起来文字繁冗罗列,好像负担很重的样子;谚语的使用要谨慎小心,合理的使用可以让阅卷人对你佩服的五体投地,盲目的应用可能会让人曲解你所表达的意思,所以我们不要做画蛇添足的事,对于TOEFL文章而言,更多精力要放在段落的整体性上,不需要应用的语法和词汇就干脆不用,宁缺毋滥。
构思协调结构,结构配合论证,论证揣摩方法,文章才会有整体感和说服力;单词组成句子,句子形成段落,段落构成文章,不仅仅针对TOEFL,任何一篇好的文章都不是一个孤立的个体,而是一点一滴积累起来的,有一种群拥而起的感觉。文章中闪光的词汇和句型,都是点滴的精华,使得你的文章可以让人读后有一种赏心悦目的感觉,如果这样的话,你的作文就成功了,因为只有读者说好的文章才是真正意义上的好文章。
以下贡献一篇IBT托福的议论文范文,文章结构上遵循规则,总分总的格式贯穿到底。内容上句式寻求清晰明了,语言也符合first draft的要求,论证则以例证为主导,通篇阅读下来有很好的整体性, 推荐各位考生模仿。
Private highway or Public transportation
I believe that our government should spend more money on transportation. Here is why.
First of all, public transportation such as buses and subways can deliver a great amount of people at the same time. For instance, subways can always transfer hundreds of people to their destinations as soon as possible. Long distance buses will give a handful of help to many people who work in a different city as they live. In addition, local buses are heroes for making our everyday life easier.
Secondly, public transportation can effectively relieve the traffic congestion in rush hour. For example, living in a metropolitan like New York or Toronto, people are highly recommended to take public transportation. Not only the gasoline price today is scaring people away, but they always agree that it can take them forever to get out of a traffic jam in rush hour.
Last but not least, buses and subways today are typically powered by low emission fuels and even electricity. The government should realize that this will make a great contribution to the city’s environment. In the other hand, environmental problem has been raised as a global concern. I think our government should not consider the future impact of car emissions at last; otherwise they will eventually spend more money from their budget to save the environment.
As a matter of fact, highway improvement is somehow required as well. Nowadays, in the city I am living, almost every family owns a car. My parents are living outside the city, they drive to work everyday. In holidays, they will invite me to have a trip. We can plan the trip wherever we want to go. People have more freedom to travel with cars, and it turns out that highways are always occupied during weekend.
To conclude, public transportation requires more attention from our government. For instance, such as the quality of buses, the appropriate increase of routes and the safety concerns.
托福写作满分作文学习
68 Some people think governments should spend as much money as possible exploring outer space (for example, traveling to the Moon and to other planets). Other people disagree and think governments should spend this money for our basic needs on Earth. Which of these two opinions do you agree with? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.
When we see photographs of starving children, it’s hard to say that we should spend billions of dollars on space exploration. But that’s just what we should do. Children don’t need to be starving, but we do need to explore space. Right now, we have enough money to feed every person on Earth. Children are starving because of mismanagement of resources and simple human greed. Those are problems we can solve right here on earth. That shouldn’t stop our need to find out what’s beyond our own solar system.
We may never make contact with whatever other species there may be out there in space. Even so, there are still two very practical and positive consequences of space exploration. One is a certainty and the other is a possibility. The certainty is medical research. Yes, we can conduct research here on earth. But much of the research done in space, for example, on the effects of gravity on bone marrow, is making a difference in medicine here on Earth. When we do research in space, we also learn more about space exploration. Also, many of the inventions that were developed for space travel have been adapted to good use on Earth.
The possible consequence of space exploration is finding another planet human beings can colonize. Overpopulation is a huge problem on our planet. People are living longer, more healthful lives, and that’s a good thing. But it means there are fewer people dying and more people being born. Eventually we’ll have less space, fewer resources, and major distribution problems. If we can find another planet to live on, we can relieve the problems of overpopulation on our planet.
It’s a tragedy that there are human beings suffering on Earth. However, if we wait until everyone has a perfect life, we will never explore space—and that , too, would be a kind of tragedy.
69 People have different ways of escaping the stress and difficulties of modern life. Some read; some exercise; others work in their gardens. What do you think are the best ways of reducing stress? Use specific details and examples to support your answer.
Stress is one of our biggest enemies. It affects our health, our personality, and our relationships with others. In order to get rid of stress. I first have to identify the cause. I have different antidotes to stress depending on the cause. The most common types of stress I face are with work, with friends, and with myself.
Work-related stress is the easiest to combat. I simply stop working for a while. If I find myself picking up the same piece of paper four times a day and never doing anything with it, I blame stress. The best thing to do is to do something else. Sometimes, I get up from my desk and go down the hall to talk to my colleagues, but I don’t talk about work related subjects. Other times, I will take a short walk around the block and get some fresh air. Work-related stress can be cured by getting away from the work.
Stress caused by friends is more difficult to cure. Often the cause is more complicated. My friends could have a personal problem that causes them and me both anxiety. Or my friends could be angry at me or vice versa. Here, the cure for stress is talking about the problem and being with my friends. Unlike work, you can’t walk away from your friends.
Stress I cause myself is also not so easy to get rid of. If I feel bothered by an exam or anxious about the future, there is very little for me to do. I just have to tell myself that I can only do my best and leave the rest up to fate.
It is important to try to lead a stress-free life. If you can avoid stress by walking away form it (like at work), talking through it (like with your friends) or facing it head on (like with yourself), your health, personality and relationships will benefit.
篇2:托福写作常见问题盘点
题目:
Do you think that it’s better to travel to different countries when you are young than when you are older?
范文1:Argument 1 (for)
It is better for people to travel to different countries when they are young than to wait until they are older. Younger travelers gain many useful experiences and skills. By waiting until they are adults, people lose out on many opportunities that could assist in situations throughout their lives.
Travel is an opportunity to supplement education about new places, cultures, people, and languages. A basic understanding of such things is taught in schools, but travel provides students with an opportunity to experience such things in person. Therefore, travel rounds out a classical education and solidifies what is learned. For example, a person may take several years of a foreign language such as German in school, but never have a chance to practice outside of the classroom. That person will invariably forget most of the language. However, if that person goes to Germany and talks with local people, he or she will remember the words better and develop a stronger understanding of the language and culture.
Not only does travel reinforce standard education, but it is also a chance to get a viewpoint that is not taught in formal academic settings. Going to new places opens doors for making friends and seeing life from a different angle. Such an expansion helps break down dangerous stereotypes and biases that lead to hatred, prejudice and war. It is important to have these experiences as early in life as possible to create a more just and equal society.
Finally, travel develops self-confidence. People learn to deal with situations outside their familiar rage. It is good for young people to gain the confidence that they can cope with new experiences on their own. Even simple activities like finding a meal or riding a bus can be extremely challenging when using a different language in a new place. Self-confidence is essential for decision making and problem solving, which are both necessary for work and social situations throughout life. Therefore, it is good for young people to travel so they are not afraid of dealing with new situations throughout their lives.
Travel reinforces a regular education and provides a perspective not found in classrooms. It also boosts self-confidence. Therefore, it is good for people to travel when they are young rather than just wait until they are older.
篇3:托福写作常见问题盘点
Argument 2 (against)
Mature adults are more prepared for travel than young people are, so it is advisable to wait before visiting foreign countries. People who wait are better able to understand what they see, they have experience to deal with problems, and they have more financial flexibility.
First, travel to a foreign country inevitably involves seeing new things. Schools, though, do not prepare students for the realities of a completely different place. Mature adults can take the time to research about where they are going and get the most out of the experience. For example, it might be pretty to see the Great Wall of China. However, if the viewer understands the history of the wall and knows its purpose and the effort involved in building it, the experience of looking at the wall is greatly enriched. It is therefore wise for people to go to places that they have had time to study in depth rather than just go to famous places when they are very young.
Second, mature adults are more capable of dealing with problems than young people are. With more life experience, the adult can assess the dangers of a situation and evaluate the best course of action to solve it. Adults are more aware of the resources available to them at home, so can apply such knowledge to unfamiliar circumstances. Instead of panicking when something goes wrong, a mature adult can draw upon experience to cope with the problem successfully.
Finally, travel is expensive, so it is better to travel when there is enough money to cover the expense. Younger people often are trying to save money for an education or repay school loans, so they do not have the financial leeway to spend on a trip. Alternately, their parents selflessly spend their own money to pay for their children to have a vacation overseas. By contrast, a person who has worked many years in a job may have more money and paid vacation time to invest in personal travel. It is better to wait until there is enough money to travel than rely on loans or worry that parents are sacrificing their interests.
For these reasons, it is better to wait until a person is a mature adult to travel rather than go to foreign countries when young.
篇4:托福写作经验盘点
托福写作经验盘点
托福作文评分标准提到组织指的是整篇文章的结构安排,是否条理清晰,逻辑性强。拿托福备考资料来举例:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Money is the most important aspect in a job. 如果你是持 agree的观点,那么你整篇文章的结构就是“一边倒”的形式,你就要提出money 的重要性:1)满足基本生活所需;2)教育; 3)娱乐休闲,重点从这三方面去展开论述;假如你是持 disagree 的观点,那么同上面的结构相同,你要提出反对的三点理由:1)工作环境;2)福利待遇;3)升职机会,也是从这三方面展开论述;除此之外,可以采用让步转折的结构,你可以在让步段承认money的好处:满足基本生活所需、教育和娱乐休闲;然后在转折段,论证除了金钱之外,还有工作环境、福利待遇和升职机会等方面也很重要,选择其中两点来重点论述。采用以上三种结构,文章的结构安排就一目了然,逻辑清晰,让读者和考官留下深刻的印象。
论证就是常见的论证方法,如举例论证,反面论证和对比论证;因为托福写作是 argumentative essay (议论文),而一个完整的论证就是论点和支持的细节。还是拿上面的题目来讲解如何论证:假设我们采用的结构是让步转折,承认钱的重要性之外,我们还认为工作环境很重要。我们就可以采用举例论证和反面论证的方式,举一个白领工作者小王,他很看重工作环境,因为轻松愉快的工作环境,能提高他的工作效率,他可以在很短的时间内完成上司布置的任务;而且和谐的同事关系,有助于工作的展开,帮助他顺利地完成各项工作;反之,如果这个单位同事间勾心斗角严重,工作压力大,在这样复杂的工作环境下,小王的工作效率就很低下。补充这些细节性的内容,才能充分去支持论点,完成一个完整的论证。
托福写作经验中语言运用指的是学生在用词和句式上的多样性。比如同一题目论证升职机会的重要性:Additionally, some employees are ambitious to obtain managing positions in an enterprise. Being promoted to higher positions with more powers seems appealing to them. Job promotion is also an approach to motivating the staff members to work studiously for the corporation. The scarcity of opportunities for promotion is not only detrimental to workers’ career development, but also fail to consolidate their loyalty to the company. 其中表示公司的词:enterprise, corporation, company; 员工:employees, staff members, workers; 只要平时留心去总结这些同义词,那么在写作时就可以游刃有余地进行替换,增加用词的多样化。
上面给出的这三点都是托福写作评分标准中着重考察的,大家一定要及时改正一下自己存在的问题,多看看相关的托福写作经验,相信对各位托福写作水平的提高一定有帮助。
升级!9种花样句型,搞定托福高分写作!
1.定语从句
写作中最常用的句型之一,可以将两个简单句轻松地连接成一个漂亮的复杂句。
例如,下面的这两个句子用上定语从句。
Bad books contain evil thoughts. In them, there might be much description about violence,superstition, and sex.
→ Bad books, in which there might be much description about violence, superstition, and sex, contain evil thoughts.
2. 状语从句
写作中常用的是以下五种状语从句,即原因状语从句,让步状语从句,条件状语从句,时间状语从句和目的状语从句。
【原因状语从句】
常由because, as, since和for引导。
Eg: Nonetheless, I am still in favor of space travel, for its merits far outweigh demerits.
尽管如此,我还是赞成太空探险,因为它的好处远远大于坏处。
【让步状语从句】
常由although, though, even though/ if, as long as和notwithstanding引导。
Eg: Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.
尽管这一观点被广泛接受,很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。
【条件状语从句】
常由if, on the condition that和providing that引导。
Eg: If you want to achieve something or intend to fulfill one of your ambitions, you must work hard, make efforts and get prepared.
假如你要取得成就或要实现你的雄心壮志,你必须努力工作、艰苦奋斗、准备好条件。
【 时间状语从句】
常由when和while引导。
Eg: When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.
说到教育,大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。
【 目的状语从句】
常由so that和in order that引导。
Eg: Millions of people have to spend more time and energy on studying new skills and technology so that they can keep a favorable position in job market.
成千上万的人们不得不花费更多的精力和时间学习新的技术和知识,使得他们在就业市场能保持优势。
3. 宾语从句
Eg: Some people claim that government should be mainly responsible for the environmental pollution.
一些人认为政府应对环境污染负主要责任。
Eg: Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitableresult and there is no way to avoid it.
许多专家指出这是现代社会发展必然的结果,无法避免。
4. 同位语从句
Eg: It is an undeniable fact that environmental pollution becomes increasingly serious.
环境污染变得越来越严重是不可否认的事实。
Eg: No one can deny the basic fact that it is impossible for average workers to master those high-technology skills easily.
没有人能否认这一基本事实:对于一般工人来讲,轻松掌握这些技术是不可能的。
5. 主语从句
Eg: What has caught our attention is /It is noticeable that the environment in both the rural and urban areas is deteriorating.
值得注意的是农村和城市的生态环境都在不断恶化。
Eg: It is universally acknowledged that environmental pollution becomes one of the most serious problems in China or even the world as a whole.
众所周知,环境污染问题是中国乃至世界面临的最为严重的问题之一。
6. 强调句
句式:It is + 被强调的内容 + that
Eg: It is cars and factories that release a great deal of gases, polluting the environment.
汽车和工厂排放大量的废气,使得环境被污染。
7. 被动语态
Eg: Every means should be tried to protect the environment on which people live.
人们应竭尽全力来保护我们赖以生存的环境。
8. 分词结构
包括现在分词和过去分词。
Eg: Tourism, which is a rising industry, has become the major source of economy, playing crucial role in many Asian countries.
旅游业是一个新兴的行业,它成为经济的主要来源, 在很多东南亚国家起着尤为重要的作用。
Eg: To be more specific, government should stage some relevant laws or regulations to severely punish the factory producing a great number of pollutants and the people littering or spittingdeliberately.
具体来说,政府应该出台相关法律法规对制造大量污染物的工厂及故意乱扔垃圾、随地吐痰的人进行严惩。
9. 插入语
一种独立成分,与句子的其它成分一般没有语法上的关系,大都是对一句话作一些附加说明或解释。它通常由一个词、一个短语或一个句子构成,位置较为灵活,可置于句首、句中或句末,一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开。
Eg: Computer, an indispensable part in our life, has brought us great conveniences.
电脑,我们生活中必不可少的一部分,给我们带来了极大的方便。
Eg: College students, lacking social experience, are easily cheated.
大学生,没有社会经验,容易上当受骗。
这些就是托福写作的一些小技巧啦,你学到了吗?
托福写作:如何避免写作当中的指代不明问题
在英语当中,代词是用来代替名词或者一个句子的词。代词可以在一定程度上让英语的表达变得简介。我们在写作时会自然而然使用一些代词。可是许多同学意识不到,自己在使用代词的时候,已经犯了一种“指代不明”错误。
指代不明,顾名思义,就是作者在使用代词时产生了歧义,导致读者无法确认该代词指代的到底是什么内容,进而误导了读者对文章的理解。美国人对于学术类文章(包括托福等标准化考试的文章)的一大要求就是要具体而细致,并且我们可以看到ETS官方指南在写作部分的评分标准当中,也多次提到了“vague”“obscure”等词,说明会使文章模棱两可的“指代不明”必然影响了作文的分数。那么该如何避免在写作中出现指代不明的问题呢?
首先,我们来看一个指代不明的具体案例,让大家明确什么叫做指代不明。
题目出自TPO33的综合写作。其中阅读材料指出,研究人员在苏格兰地区发现了一些上有雕刻的古代石球,并提出了三种石球可能的用途。其中第二种提到石球可能是用于作为计量重量的物品。而听力文章则指出,这些石球虽然大小一致,但因为材质不同而导致质量不同,不可能作为统一的计量单位。以下是一位同学练习时所写的TPO33套综合写作的一篇作答文章节选:
The speaker then goes on to oppose the second point of the reading material, which the stoneballs are used as a system of measure. They use the stone balls to know the weight of the things. They have this viewpoint because of the stone balls are the same size at 70mm in diameter. According to the lecture, although they have the same size,their weights are different and made of different type of stone. The ball could not have been used as a primitive weighting system.
暂且忽略这位同学其他的语病,我们能够看出其实他已经基本掌握了阅读和听力部分的要点。但是这段作答读下来仍然非常吃力、不便理解,一大原因就是代词使用不当,使得文章出现了诸多歧义。我将这位同学在这段话中使用的其中四个代词用不同颜色表示。在我批改这段文字的过程中很难判断这四个they(their)分别指代的是什么内容。通过向这位同学求证,我得知他的本意:红色they指的是古代创造并使用石球的人;蓝色they指的是发现石球的研究人员;绿色的they/their指的则是石球。这短短三句话中出现了指代三种不同人/物的同一个单词,其中没有任何过渡或段落分割,想必除了原作者本人,世界上很难有第二个人能理解它们分别代替的是什么内容了吧(事实是这位同学也是懵X了不少时间才反应过来自己想指代的是谁……)。自然,如果这是一篇实考作文,ETS评分人员肯定会因为这个指代不明的问题扣这位同学的分数。
好了,当我们已经明白什么叫做指代不明,那么该如何避免犯错呢?其实步骤也很简单:
1.写作时要明确自己想要用代词指代的内容到底是什么;
2.确认这个内容在之前一句或本句话当中存在;
3.确认上下文中没有可能造成歧义的混淆项;
4.如果有违背了以上几条的情况,请乖乖用原本的名词/短语/句子来表达所指内容。
再次提醒,如果想用代词所指的内容是在之前相隔若干句出现的,或者所指内容周围有其他单复数一致的混淆项目(例如:Look at the boys and girls! How happy they are!中,不能用they单独指代boys或girls,因为boys和girls互为混淆项),请不要嫌麻烦,乖乖使用具体的名词/短语/句子来描述本来想用代词所指的内容。若担心出现重复的问题,可以换一些说法。
现在我们把之前那段含有指代不明问题的段落重新措辞(其中最后一个their可以保留,因为之前该句话中已经出现了它所要指代的the stone balls,不会产生歧义):
The speaker then goes on to oppose the second point of the reading material, which the stone balls are used as a system of measure. The ancient people usethe stone balls to know the weight of the things. The researchers have this viewpoint because of the stone balls are the same size at 70mm indiameter. According to the lecture, although the stoneballs have the same size, their weights are different and made of different type of stone. The ball could not have beenused as a primitive weighting system.
虽然其余语病还保留,但现在再看这段话,应该在大意上已经能够理解作者的表达了,不会像之前出现让人头晕眼花的歧义。
另外要说明的是,解决指代不明的问题不仅仅要靠小心,也要依靠熟练的语感来自动避开或纠正。因此,平时多读、多听、多说、多写、多多暴露在英语的使用环境下,也是很重要的提分途径。这是一个很漫长的积累过程,大家一定要坚持下去!Remember, practice makes perfect!
篇5:托福写作以及技巧
1.托福的作文就是英文的“八股”,有套路,所以模板用得上。
2.词汇和固定短语要识记,主要是3类: ~环境的,经济的,社会进步等题目经常涉及的名词或者名词短语;~表示程度等的形容词和能够恰当修饰动词的副词;~起承转合作用的连接词和短语。
3.在正确,易懂的基础上,力求句型的变化多端,插入语,从句,倒装,虚拟等。
4.看清题目要求写什么,有比较的,要写出两者的不同,不要只说你支持的。
5.不同的reason不要糅合到一块去,每段中心要明确,且reason段落,要用英文写作的方式,开门见山的在段落开头指出;既然要成段,那么你所选择的reason一定要能扩展,也就是有东西好写,不要为赋新辞强说愁;所以虽然一个论点你可能有N个理由,但那些很有道理,但是你用英文无法表达清楚的,就不用写了,这不是上万字的论文。
on一出就要有example,两三个case足以,并且事例逻辑上能够支持原因。
7.整篇文章不要出现第二人称you,your,这是enjoy life等前辈的指点(指点了pumpkin,然后她又“数落”我的),多用people;你想,you就是阅卷人,你凭什么张口就用人家的书面语言教导人家呢?
8.个人的观点:尽可能的避免单独使用he/she,考虑到性别歧视问题。但是,如果你要顶字数的话,也请用 he or she。
9.口语化是初级者的大问题之一,写作文的时候往往是先想中文改怎么说,然后做个翻译工作;本来对非母语就很能驾驭,这样一来,说大白话,就直接导致句式的单一;所以还是要看看真题阅读文章的文法。
托福作文技巧“五段锦”
第一段,对题目改写,再用模板的套话扯一下,常用的手法是正反一提。
第二段,最大的reason,事例论据支持。
第三段,次大的reason,事例论据支持。
第四段,一个小的reason,外加一个不碍大事的however的对立。
第五段,对各段reason改写总结,也可以再加展望,但是不要号召。
托福综合写作的注意事项
英美人写文章的总体逻辑可以概括为总分或总分总。而托福综合写作的阅读材料多为前者布局,且多为四段式(首段总起,三段分别展开)。
首段主要用来提供背景信息或者提出话题,(注意:阅读和听力是同一个话题,极少考到观点相互补,多为观点相对立。)而作者的立场或论点多位于首段的最后一句,聪明的考生会把注意力多集中于首段的尾句,确定作者的立论点,从而对于下一阶段的听力大致话题和论述做到心中有底。
随后的段落即展开给出作者之所以立论的三个分论点或论据,在单个的段落当中,又遵循了西方人惯有的总分模式,单个段落的首句多为topic sentence,考生可以只关注三个段落的首句以快速获取段落主要内容,从而避免全文通读速度不够而导致的来不及看完阅读。
二、听力:判断说话人立场,记录观点和支持性论据
听力环节的笔记很重要,是决定综合写作能否顺利完成的关键因素。没有经过训练或者疏于练习的同学会对于该记什么无从下手,结果就是笔记做了,自己看不懂,或者笔记太过凌乱,毫无可利用性。
要知道听力该记什么怎么记,此时应当牢记心里的仍然是西方人的逻辑性。“总分”表明了在听力的开始段是表明说话者立场和论点的,那么按照我们之前分析的,阅读和听力必然是同主题,所以听力开始时候大家不必忙着乱记一通,事实上,什么都不用写,镇定情绪,听清说话者的立场即可。
接着,和阅读中相似,说话者会从三个方面阐述支持自己的观点,很多情况下,这三点和阅读中的三点是刚好契合,一一对应的。但听力三方面的分论据往往是从阅读中无法推断的,所以分论点及论据是需要同学进行笔记的,应当记的是key words,切忌洋洋洒洒想记全一句话,最后自己也难以读懂。
三、综合写作中,要将阅读和听力观点整合起来时,如果在准备阶段备有一套好用的模板,那么就是如虎添翼了。好的模板在课堂上就会发给同学,但是我们建议考生应当备有自己独一无二的模板,通过对同义换词,句型多变,做到集多个好模板于一身,又毫无雷同的独家模板。 想办法提高自己的记忆容量。
四、各位考生不妨观察一下自己抄写英文句子的情况。大多数未经训练的第二语言学习者很可能都是每写下一个词就要回去重新读一次才能继续抄下去——有的时候甚至可能需要每写一个字母就要返回文本重看一眼才能继续。这说明此人的记忆容量只能容纳一个词(或者甚至连一个词都容纳不了)。记忆容量大的人理解文本更为容易,又因为能够理解所以记忆文本更加容易,进而又因为能够记得住而联系上下文更为轻松,而记忆容量过小的人基本上连看完一篇文章都非常吃力。不过,只要稍加训练,记忆容量就会扩充至足够用的地步。迅速将自己的英文记忆容量提高到“够用”的地步,最好的方法就是通过“跟读”、“朗读”训练平日积累。因为朗读可以非常有效而又迅速地提高文字理解能力。这很关键,记不住的最重要原因并非“记忆力差”——无论记忆力多好,都很难记住无法理解、无法关联 的信息——听得懂才容易记得住。
托福写作的高分词汇积累
lively
恶作剧的,顽皮的--prankish naughty impish elfish devilish mischievous puckish
笨拙的,麻烦的--cumbersome bulky burdensome clumsy troublesome unmanageable
bothersome gauche antic awkward ham-handed
**,骚动--agitation bother commotion fret stir riot squall
大风暴--tempest violence storm
大混乱,大灾难--havoc calamity catastrophe misfortune disaster mishap tragedy
巨大的,惊人的--prodigious colossal enormous extraordinary gigantic huge
immense mammoth vast tremendous
例外的,奇特的,罕见的--exceptional remarkable stupendous
奇妙的,不可思议的--miraculous wonderful marvelous
大胆的,莽撞的--audacious bold brave daring gallant heroic valiant prowess
多产的,丰富的,繁茂的--prolific fecund fertile fruitful productive
munificent prosperous affluent flourish opulent well-off plentiful abundant
贫瘠的,不孕的,不毛之地--barren sterile
篇6:托福写作:新托福写作考试形式分析
托福写作:新托福写作考试形式分析
口试(Speaking):把TSE(Test of Spoken English)融合在新托福中。
然而与现行的TSE相比又有较大改动。这个部分共有6题,持续约20分钟。
第一、二题要求考生就某一话题阐述自己的观点。
第三、四题要求考生首先在45秒内阅读一段短文,随后短文隐去,播放一段与短文有关的对话或课堂演讲。最后,要求考生根据先前阅读的短文和播放的对话或课堂演讲回答相关问题,考生有30秒钟的准备时间,然后进行60秒钟的回答。例如,短文中描述了对学校体育馆进行扩建的两种方案,对话中一位同学阐述了自己的立场,即赞成哪种方案,反对哪种方案,并列举了若干理由。要求考生叙述对话中同学的立场并解释他/她列举了哪些理由支持这一观点。
第五、六题要求考生听一段校园情景对话或课堂演讲,然后回答相关问题。考生有20秒钟的准备时间,之后进行60秒钟的回答。例如,先播放一段市场学课堂演讲,演讲中教授列举了两种市场调查的方法,然后要求考生使用课堂演讲中的观点和例子描述教授列举出的两种市场调查的方法。
考生可以在听音过程中记笔记以帮助答题。在准备和答题时,屏幕上会显示倒计时的时钟。
写作(Writing)要求考生在1小时内完成两篇作文。
其中一篇类似于老托福的写作,要求考生在30分钟内就某一话题阐述自己的观点,字数要求为300字以上。
另一篇则要求考生首先阅读一篇文章,五分钟以后,文章隐去,播放一段与文章有关的课堂演讲。课堂演讲列举了一些论据反驳文章中的论点、论据。随后要求考生在20分钟内写一篇作文,总结课堂演讲的论点、论据,并陈述这些论点、论据是如何反驳文章的论点、论据的,字数要求为150字到225字之间。在写作时,文章会重新显示在屏幕上。这篇作文不要求考生阐述自己的观点。
加试
一般实际考试中,考生往往会在听力或阅读部分碰到加试试题,也有可能阅读、听力两部分同时被加试。加试部分不算分(有人说会算分,说是抽几题给分),但考生事先并不知道哪一部分是加试部分(有的时候经典加试是能判断出来的),所以应该认真对待。
考试形式
新托福考试采用真实场景,如模拟大学校园中的动态和交互式环境,试题综合考查听、说、读、写4项英语语言能力,考生可充分展示使用英语进行交流的能力。
托福写作的三大能力:思路,句型和用词
写出好的托福写作文章需要具备三个方面的能力:思路,句型和用词。
思路:前面第十七课,我们讨论到把托福作文固定成二十个句子,其实就是围绕着考试题目写出不同角度但是相关的思路。
例如:我们写一个题目:父母影响大,还是朋友影响大?
看到这个题目我们的第一反应是我们可以说出什么样的话来。这时候需要我们把几个概念放到一个个逻辑思路来陈述,就有话可说了。
比如:我们放到背景逻辑来说:“人们在自己成长过程中,有很多不同角色的人对我们都产生了重要的影响,但是无论如何,父母的影响是没有人可以替代的。”
这句话是把题目中的关键词放大到大的宏观背景来阐述,比较适合放在文章的开始段和结尾段。
再例如:我们放到让步逻辑来说:“当然,我没有任何想法去否定朋友在我们成长过程中,也发挥了很重要的作用,例如:我们的兴趣爱好,接受新鲜事物,甚至世界观都是有影响的。”
句型:就是我们有了想法知道该如何写之后,我们用什么样的句型结构来把我们脑海中的思路变成文字。我们前面说过ETS对语言分要求最多的就是句型的多样性。
还是这个题目:父母影响大,还是朋友影响大?在实战中,我们需要把上面几句话变成英文。
背景逻辑句:In the process of our growing-up, many different persons play different roles on us, but no ones else rather than our parents can make for the most influence. 我们在写一个句子的时候如果前面有一个状语开头,后面有一个状语、定语或者并列结构结尾就是不错的语法结构了。
让步逻辑句:Admittedly, I have no intention to deny the influence brought by friends, and they do have shaped something in our life, for instance, hobbies, fresh ideas and even some life values. 在这里admittedly 是固定副词开头,主语是个抽象概念,后面通过for instance来具体化。
用词:就是如何实现一个个文字的累积。这包括三种词的组成:因为是命题作文,所以题目中有关键词,关键词就那么几个,我们不可能写成400字的文章。我们需要把关键词衍生出特征词,也就是我们对题目的态度、观点。这些词都是名词,也就是我们在写作文时有了中心主旨,有观点词。但是,还要一些其它词性的词把这些名词联系在一起。而这些词在任何文章都是一样的。
还是这个题目:父母影响大,还是朋友影响大?父母,朋友、影响都是关键词,写作文要不断出现,证明我们没有跑题。我们自己再根据关键词想几个特征词,父母,养育之情,情感是人们最重要的感情。好了,有了这几个概念,就是特征词,就可以写句子了。关键词:parents,特征词:parenting,emotion。比如我们要把这几个词写成第一个理由段的观点句。First of all, parenting is the most important emotion for anyone, and we cannot image any other kind of human emotion which is higher than it. 为了把我们想到的特征词变成句子,我们必须用到一些逻辑词,而这些逻辑其实在别的作文题目也是可以写的。比如:讲真话是否重要? First of all, telling truth is the most essential element of a good relationship, and we cannot figure out any other element which deserves more concerns than it. 我们会发现这样的一些词基本意思、功能差不多,在任何文章中都可以使用。
托福写作中的两个重要原则
新托福作为国外类考试之一,写作行文的地道不仅反映了考生的写作水平,更体现了考生的思维方式和能力。 托福写作不如口语那么白话文式,也不如gre类写作那么学术性强,但是这并不影响用词的表达地道。
一、言简朴实原则
所谓“言简朴实原则”,就是行文不啰嗦,句子应越短越好,如果一个字能说清楚的,就不要用两个字。
例如:At this point in time,we should pull together for our goal. 现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致。
这句话中“At this point in time”表示“现在”,我们完全可以用now来代替。
In the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office. 他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室。
很简单的一句话,完全可以写成 He usually likes to ride bike to the office。
平时我们所说的用词多样化和地道并不是体现在这些时间副词或者是完全可以简化的啰嗦句型上,而是指实用性极强的词如动词和形容词,比如:
Original:Solving trivial problems in the dorm will add your social experience and help you to understand other people's feelings and learn to be kind。
Revised: Solving trivial problems in the dorm will enrich your social experience and help you to understand other people's feelings and learn to be considerate。
add,kind表达的含义都比较宽泛。 add可以指数量上的增加,也可以指程度的加强,对于“丰富经验、增加知识”这个意思,用enrich会使表达更准确。
kind从字面意义上讲是“好的、善良的”, 厦门托福 用kind来形容人无法具体地表现出一个人的性格特征到底怎样,原句中是想表达“考虑周到、体贴入微”的特点,要准确表达这个含义应选择considerate。
另外,我们常见的一些累赘用词表现在句意的理解上。
比如:He has had many years of (actual) experience in business。他有多年经商的经验。
actual是多余的,因为experience已经有actual的意味了。
We assembled(together) all the parts for our radio.我们装好收音机的零件。
assemble本身就有together的意思,因此together是多余的。
二、平等相处原则
“平等相处原则”的意思是行文不出现明显的带歧视或偏见的字眼,包括男女性别,也要避免区别,以示“平等”。
例如:Many businessmen(businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful. 许多商人觉得工作压力很大。
这句话写 businessmen或是businesswomen都是不妥当的,可以改为 business people或 business executives或business managers就可以包括男女了。
当然,一些带有种族偏见的字眼,甚至有侮辱的味道(insulting words 或 slur),也要尽量避免使用,以免闹出麻烦。例如:
对黑人不要用 Negro,更不能用Nigger(用 Black 还可以),礼貌的说法 是Afro-American 或African-American;对白人不要用Honky(这是黑人骂白人的用字),正确用法是 Caucasian,或 white people;对犹太人不要用 Hymies,应该叫Jewish 或 Jewishpeople;对越南人不要用 Gook,要用 Vietnamese;至于墨西哥人、西班牙人及中、南美洲人,包括 Puerto Rico,正确的用法多是Hispanics 或 Latins,不过据说西班牙人为了维护自己的文化,倒喜欢别人称Spaniard。
托福写作范文: 口才是否是领袖最重要的品质
The most important character of a successful politician or leader is good communication skill. 是否同意交流技巧是成功的政客或者领袖最重要的品质?
【薛鹏原创范文赏析】
【首段】背景介绍 + 争议焦点 + 作家立场
Such is human nature to strive for the position of a leader, for a highly qualified leader could temper his or her comprehensive talents, earn the maximum admiration and respect after obtaining the objectives. People differ greatly in their views as to what makes qualified leaders. An opinion springs up that communication skill tops all. As I see it, a good speech-craft is crucial for a leader,however,it is never the only standard of eminent leaders.
翻译:
想做领袖是人之本性,领导者可以锻炼自己的多方面的能力,领导者在带领团队取得胜利的时候,会赢得最多的赞美和尊敬,关于领导力的内涵,仁者见仁智者见智,有人认为,交流技巧最为重要,我认为,口才对于领袖至关重要,但是不是唯一的体现。
【二段】让步段:让步口才对于领袖的意义——以美国总统为例证
Effective communication ability must fall into the qualities of eminent leaders. To be the leader is what many of us aspire after, although not everyone could fulfill this dream. The connotation of leadership might include many elements. First-class speech-craft and perfect communication skills is, by all means, the manifestation of mighty leadership both for politicians and leaders. First, as for politicians, effective communication skills help to quickly resolve unexpected crisis, strive for assistance both home and abroad, even win over the utmost support from the general public. To illustrate, almost every American president is articulate and eloquent.
翻译:高效的交流技巧一定可以归结为领导者的优秀品质之一,领袖是我们很多人渴望做的,但是,不是人人可以实现这个梦想,领导力的内涵是广泛的,一流口才和交流技能一定是强劲领导力的体现,无论对于政客还是队长。第一,对于政客,高效的交流技巧可以快速地危机处理,可以最大限度地争取外援,可以赢得最广泛的民众支持。例如,历任美国总统都是口才俱佳。
【三段】让步段:让步口才对于领袖的意义——以新东方俞敏洪为例证
Also, with regard to leaders ranging from team leaders to enterprisers and even to gangster boss, innate and cultivated speech-craft contributes to building up one's prestige, stimulating the motivation of the team members and ironing out conflicts among companies. The president Yu of New Oriental School is a convincing example. Depending on his inspiring speeches, he attracted millions of English lovers to attend his training courses. During the judge time of Win in China, his jocular and humorous speeches earn the appreciation of countless non-English learners. His perfect communication skills have a major part to play in establishing his entrepreneurial team, attracting risk investment and resolving crisis.
翻译:对于领袖而言,无论是队长,企业家,甚至是黑帮大佬,天生或者是后天的口才可以帮助他们树立威信,激励士气,化干戈为玉帛。新东方校长于就是很好的例证,借助其励志演讲,他吸引了无数学生来参加新东方培训课程,在赢在中国担任评委期间,他诙谐幽默的语言赢得无数非英语爱好者的欣赏。完美的交流技巧帮助他组建创业团队,吸引风险投资以及危机处理。
【四段】反驳段:谈及领导力的其他内涵——前瞻性,执行力,挫折忍受力等
Good speech-craft is one of the most significant qualities of outstanding leader, yet, not the best or sole one. Other qualities of good leaders are not far to seek. Future-mindedness, implementation capability and frustration toleration are indispensable to a prominent leader. First, true great-achievers are all far-sighted and could never fail to lead the team to the right direction, one decision-making ability decides whether team members' endeavors could have desirable return. Second, action speaks louder than words. Compared with communication skills, exceptional implementation competence could earn more respect from others and give an inspiration to the team. More precisely, a leader should work even harder if he wants to motivate his team members to work diligently. Last, it is no easy task to achieve success no matter in obtaining goals, developing careers and even constructing countries, the journey to success can be chronic and challenging, thereby, a good leader must defy hardship and danger, hack his way through difficulties and finally embark on the triumphant road.
翻译:好口才是领导者优秀品质之一,但是,绝非唯一的最佳的品质。其他品质包含了前瞻性,执行力和挫折忍受力。第一,成功者是高瞻远瞩者,一直带领团队朝着正确方向前行,他的自我决策力决定队员的努力是否有所回报。第二,行胜于言,执行力,尤其是高效的执行力,比之好口才,更能赢得他人的敬重以及激励团队的斗志,比如,领导者期待提高团队效率,他就应该比所有人都勤奋。最后,成功总是来之不易,无论是实现梦想,发展事业,建设国家,成功之路漫长艰辛,因此,卓越领袖必然是可以不畏艰辛,披荆斩棘,最终走向成功之路的人。
【尾段】总结作家立场
Overall, it is my view that good speech-craft and effective communication skill are vital to a politician or leader, however, on no account can we ignore the immense value of future-mindedness, implementation capability and frustration toleration
翻译:我认为,口才和交流技巧对于领袖而言至关重要,但是,任何情况下我们不能忽视前瞻性,执行力,挫折忍受能力的重要价值。
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