下面是小编收集整理的高中英语中名词的用法 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)，本文共12篇，仅供参考，希望能够帮助到大家。本文原稿由网友“鲛绡”提供。
篇1：高中英语中名词的用法 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
高中英语中名词的用法
一、名词的分类：名词分为专有名词和普通名词
专有名词-----个人，地方,机构等专有名称. China, Shanghai, Li lei,
普通名词----又分为个体名词: 某类人或东西中的个体.如 fighter, gun, country,
集体名词:若干个体组成的集合体.如 family, team, police, class,
物质名词：无法分为个体的实物。如 cotton，tea, air,
抽象名词: 动作, 状态, 品质, 感情等抽象概念. 如 health, happiness.
个体名词和集体名词又叫做可数名词.
物质名词和抽象名词又叫做不可数名词.
二、名词的数。可数名词都有单数和复数之分。
A: 规则的可数名词的复数变化规则：
1.一般情况加 s ， books mouths houses girls
2.以 s sh ch x结尾的加 es classes boxes matches （stomachs）
3.辅音字母 + y结尾的变 y为 ies cities countries parties factories.
4.以 o 结尾的词多数 +es heroes Negroes tomatoes potatoes zeroes/zeros
以 o 结尾并且词尾有两个元音字母 +s radios, zoos, bamboos ,(pianos ,kilos photos)
5.以f， fe 结尾的多数 +es leaves lives wives knives halves wolves
The thief’s wife killed three wolves with some leaves and knives in half of her life.
但是：也有一些 + s, roofs proofs, gulfs, beliefs, handkerchiefs//handkerchieves
B: 名词词尾的读音规则：
A． 在[ p] [t] [k] [f]等清辅音后读[s] cups， hats， cakes， roofs
B. 在[s] [z] [∫] [t∫]等音后读[iz] glasses, faces, roses.
C.在其他情况下读作[z] beds days cities knives.
D.以th结尾的词原来读[ ] 加词尾后多数读[ ]
如： mouth-mouths path-paths ;
但是也有不变化的，如： month-months, ninth-ninths, youth-youths.
C: 不规则的可数名词的变化规则：
1.man-men, woman-women, tooth-teeth, foot-feet, child-children, mouse-mice,
2.单复数相同: sheep, fish, deer, means, Chinese, Japanese, works,
fish如表示不同种类的鱼时复数是fishes;
There are many kinds of fishes in that lake.
3.以man, woman 修饰名词构成合成词时,两个词都变化.
man servant-men servants. (boy/girl students)
woman doctor-women doctors.
4.复合名词的复数形式:
son-in-law---sons-in-law , looker-on-lookers-on, 主体名词变化
film-goer-film-goers, grown-up-grown-ups 没有主体名词,在词尾加复数
5.字母,阿拉伯数字的复数形式一般加 “ ’s ”或 “ s”.
There are two l’s in the word “ all ”.
Your 7’s and 9’s look alike.
It happened in the 1960’s /1960s.
I will not accept your if’s and but’s.
6: 物质名词一般没有复数，有时用复数形式表示不同种类，
wheats, fruits, vegetables,
有时表示比原文更广的词义，
wood-woods, water-waters, sand-sands, manner-manners,
7: 抽象名词一般不可数；但是如果表示某一具体的情况，或各种各样的也有可数名词的用法。
He jumped with joy.------ My children are a great joy to me.
8.定冠词加姓氏的复数表示一家人。 the Turners, the Smiths, the Wangs.
9: 集体名词people, police, cattle 总是作复数，
( people 作民族，种族时有单复数两种形式)
Many cattle are kept.
Several police were on duty.
The Chinese are a brave and hard-working people.
The English are a funny people.
10:集体名词class, public, family, population, team, crew, committee 等单复数都有，但意义不同。
The class is big.---- The class are taking notes in English.
The population in China is larger.---- 80% of the population in China are peasants.
11: hair， fruit 通常作单数，表示总体。
His hair is grey. a rich harvest of fruit
如果表示若干根头发，表示种类的水果时，可以加复数词尾。
He had a few white hairs. What fruits are on sale in this season ?
12:以s 结尾的学科名词只作单数。mathematics , physics, politics, 等。（news）
13：glasses， trousers， scissors， shoes， spectacles，等常用复数；但如果这些词前用 a pair of …// this pair of…//that pair of…等修饰时谓语动词有pair 来决定。
Where are my glasses ？
My new pair of trousers is too long.
Here are some new pairs of shoes.
14: 不可数名词没有复数形式，如果表示“一个”的概念，可用单位词。
a piece of news/information/advice/bread/cake/paper/meat/coal…
a bottle of ink, a grain of rice , a cake of soap…
说明：可数名词和不可数名词之间并没有截然的界限；可数名词可以转变为不可数名词 ，同样不可数名词也可以转变为可数名词，要看清整个上下文的具体内容。
三. 名词的所有格。
1． 有生命的名词所有格的构成：
A. 一般家词尾’s. the teacher’s office, Xiao Li’s sister’s husband’s mother.
B. 以 s 结尾的复数名词只加 ’ workers’ rest homes.
the masses’ request
C.不以s结尾的复数名词加’s. children’s toys.
D:复合名词只在最后一个词的后面加 ’s. my sister-in-law’s brother.
E:表示共同所有的几个名词，只在最后一个词的后面加’s.
This is Tom, James and Dick’s room.
F:表示各个所有关系的几个名词，在每个名词后分别加’s.
Jenny’s, Jean’s and Mary’s rooms face to the south.
G:名词短语只在最后一个词后加 ’s. a quarter of an hour’s talk.
2. 名词所有格的用法：
1. 名词所有格主要用于表示有生命的名词，表示所属关系。
Lei Feng’s dairy. the Working People’s Palace of Culture.
2.也可用于表示时间的名词。
today’s paper. an hour’s drive. Friday’s work.
3. 也可用于表示地理、国家、城市等名词。
the country’s plan. the farm’s fruit. China’s population.
4.也可用于表示由人组成的集体名词。
our party’s stand
5. 也可用于表示度量、价值的名词。
two dollars’ worth of books. a pound’s weight.
(现代英语中，这种用法越来越多。)
3.凡不能用’s 属格的情况可用 of 属格表示所属关系。
the City of New York. a map of China.
特别是下列情况要用of 属格：
⑴当名词有较长的定语时，
the name of the girl standing at the gate.
Have you read the articles of the students who were with us yesterday.
⑵所修饰的名词前有数量词时，
a play of Comrade Li’s. some friends of my brother’s .
⑶所修饰的名词前有一个指示代词时，
that performance of the teachers’ .
4.双重所有格：
当of前面的名词有不定冠词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词或数词如 a, an, this, that, these, those, two, three, four, any, some, several, no, few ,another等修饰时，用双重所有格，双重所有格只用于表示人的名词并且都是特指的。
a poem of Lu Xun’s . a friend of his/hers .
Which novel of Dicken’s are you reading ?
some friends of my brothers’ .
5.几种特殊情况：
the key to the door. keys to the exercises.
notes to the text answers to the question
tickets for the film//movie
a check for $1500. anyone else’s book.
the monument to the people’s heroes.
the entrance to the station//cinema
在现代英语中of属格大都可用 ’s 所有格代替。
* * * * * * * *
Choose the best answers:
1.It was a great _____for him to be pleasant to people he didn't like.
A.trouble. B.effort. C.sorrow. D.plan.
2.Although bought several years ago,the car is still in good _________.
A.situation. B.condition. C.standard D.position.
3.When you play football,what _____do you play?
A. situation. B. part C.position. D.place.
4.She is in a poor _____of health.
A.position B.situation. C.state D.condition.
5.Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any _____.
A.value B.sense C. fun D.use.
6.Hundreds of people leave their village to seek their ________.
A. luck. B. chance C. future. D. fortune.
7.He spoke in such a ____as to cause them displeasure.
A.direction B.language. C.noise. D. manner.
8.The news that his sick fellow students was getting well and strong brought great ____________ to him.
A. comfort. B.courage. C.message D. friendship.
9.------How much did the coat cost ?
------Just five dollars. It's a real _______.
A.bargain B.suit. C.dress. D.goods.
10.-----Have you any _____ what this word means ?
-----Sorry, I don't know.
A.knowledge. B.opinion. C. expression. D. idea.
11.----Lin lin is very bright and studies very well.
----It's no _____he always gets the first place in any examination.
A.question. B.doubt. C. problem. D. wonder.
12.We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into _______.
A.fact. B.really. C.practice. D.deed.
13.These football players had no strict ______until they joined our club.
A.practice. B.education. C. exercise D.training.
14.If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to leave a ______.
A. message. B. letter. C. sentence D.notice.
15.As a _____ of fact, his success is due to his father.
A.thing. B.matter. C.reason D. result.
16.The ____of pulling down the old houses is to make room for a new highway.
A.purpose. B. meaning C.fact. D. use.
17.His name was on the _____of my tongue,but I just couldn't remember it.
A.end B.edge. C.tip. D. side.
18.It's the ____in this country to go out and pick flowers on the first day of spring. A.use. B.custom. C.habit. D. saying.
19. My car is being repaired, so I had no ________.
A.problem. B.way. C.transport. D.use.
20.-----What's your ________? -----I'm from France.
A.nation. B.nationality. C.counrty D.state.
21.On hearing the sound, the bird flew away in every ________.
A.way. B. path. C. place D. direction.
22.She let herself get into a _____before the examination began.
A.condition. B.situation. C.state. D.form.
23.----Can you guess how the ______,cat's paw, came into use ?
---- No, I can't guess it right.
A.sense. B.message. C.term. D. passage.
24.At last, we got to the top of the mountain, out of ________.
A.order. B. reach C. sign. D.breath.
25.Pop music is popular with many people, but it is not to everyone's ______.
A.manners. B. taste. C.share. D. smell.
26.---Does he have much _____in teaching English ?
----No,I didn't think so.He has taught it for just two years.
A.difficulty. B.base. C.faith. D. experience.
27.----Who told you about Dad's illness?
----The doctor in ________.
A.connection. B.turn. C. public. D. charge.
28.In order to make his story interesting, he took Charlie's case as an ______.
A. advice B. lesson. C. example. D. information.
29.It took him a lot of _____to swim across the river.
A.strength. B.force. C. power. D.breath.
30.I'd like to try that coat on, but I don't know if it is my _______.
A.shape. B.size. C. model. D. pattern.
31.We have missed the last bus, I'm afraid we have no _____ but to take a taix.
A.way. B.choice. C. possibility. D. selection.
32.The lift is out of _____, so we'll have to walk.
A.order.B.work. C.control. D.touch.
33.Unfortunately,he got hurt in the boating ______.
A.match. B. contest C. running. D. race.
34.You'll find this map of great _____in helping you to get round London.
A.price B. cost C. value D. usefulness.
35.Jane has a very good _______of foreign coins.
A.habit B.interest C.connection D.collection.
36.Give my _______ to your parents.
A.best wish B.regards C.loves D. hello
37.Food and ______are very important to us all.
A.clothes B.cloth C.clothing D.dress.
38.His firm supplied ________.
A.a kitchen equipment B.kitchen's equipment
C.kitchen equipments D.kitchen equipment
39.He is ____as manager but he doesn't become proud of his _____.
A.successful;success. B. success;success.
C.a success;success. D.success; successes.
40.He gained his ____by printing _____of famous writers.
A.wealth;work, B.wealths;works C.wealths;work D.wealth;works.
41.The storms did a lot of ______and caused some _______.
A.damage;death. B.damages;deaths. C.damage;deaths.D.damages;death.
42.The woman has ______that she is unable to get a job.
A.such a little education. B.so little education.
C.so few education. D.such little education.
43.If there were no examination,we should have _____at school.
A. the happiest time. B.a more happier time.
C.much happier time. D.a much happier time.
44.A lot of special _____have been used in this film.
A.technique B.techniques.C.technical D.technology.
45.The _____were covered with fallen ______.
A.roofs;leafs. B.roofs;leaves. C.rooves;leaves.D.rooves;leafs.
46.Would you mind giving him _______?
A.an advice B.an information C.a news D. a message
47.He has twenty ______on his farm.
A.cow. B.cattle. C.sheeps D. deers.
48._____ it is to have a cold drink on a hot day.
A.What a fun B.How fun C.What fun D.How a fun.
49.There are four ____at ______, waiting for his coming back.
A.John's;doctor's B.Johns;the doctors.
C.John's;doctor's. D. Johns; the doctor's
50.He dropped the ______and broke it.
A.cup of coffee. B.coffee's cup C.cup for coffee D.coffee cup.
51.We saw a lot of ____ in the field.
A.cow and sheep B.cows and sheeps.
C.cow and sheeps. D.cows and sheep
52.My _____all _____hard for the people.
A.family;work. B.family;works C.families;work D.families;works
53.After walking for two hours,we stopped to take ____rest.
A.a few minute's B.a few minutes'
C.ten minute's D. ten minutes
54.Is Mr Douglas a friend of ________?
A.your B.Jack C.your father's D. you
55.She broke a ______while she was washing up.
A.glass wine B.wine glass C.glass of wine D.wine's glass
56.He grabbed me ____and pulled me onto the bus.
A.on my arm B.on the arm C. by the arm D. by an arm
57.Dr. Jones ordered _____for the laboratory.
A.two equipments B.two pieces of equipments
C.two pieces of equipment D.two equipment pieces
58.Miss Smith is a friend of _________.
A. Mary's mother's B.Mary's mother.
C.Mother's of Mary. D. Mary mother's.
59._____rooms are both large and comfortable.
A.Jack's and Jane's B.Jack and Jane's
C.Jack's and Jane D.Jack and Jane.
60.Grandpa Li has two _______.
A.sons-in-laws B.sons-in-law C.son-in-law D.son-in-laws
61.Julie went to the ______ to buy a pair of shoes.
A.shoes store B.shoe's store C.shoe store D.shoe's stores.
62.The _____park will be closed next week.
A.children's B.childrens' C.children D. child
63.There are many _______ in this hospital.
A.woman doctors B.women doctors
C.women doctor D.doctor woman
64.The boys are _____, but the girls are __________.
A.Japaneses;German B. Japanese; German
C.Japaneses; Germen D. Japanese; Germen
65.Did you have this dress made at the ______around the corner ?
A.tailor's B.tailors C.tailors' D. tailor
66.One must always put ________ of the people before his own.
A.interesting B.interests C.the interests D. interest
67.Let me give you ________.
A.some advice. B.advices C. an advice D.the advice.
68.“Have you traveled much ? ” No, I have done _____traveling.“
A. few B. little C. small D. less
69.Before we moved into the new house, we bought _______.
A.furnitures B.furniture C.pieces of furniture D.furniture pieces
70.Which do you prefer, _______ or ________?
A.potatos,tomatos B.potatos,tomatoes
C.potatoes,tyomatos D.potatoes.tomatoes
71.The _______of the cottage were covered with ___________.
A.roofs,leafs B.roofs,leaves. C.rooves,leafs D.rooves,leaves
72.This post card is sent by ___________.
A. a friend of my father. B.a friend of my father's
C.my father friend D.my father friend's
73.Is this the only ______ to achieve success ?
A.mean B.meanings C.meaning D.means.
74. I saw ____running about at the foot of the mountain.
A.a cattle. B.two cattles C.much cattle D.a head of cattle
75._______is standing at the corner of the street.
A. A police B.The police C. Police D. A policeman
76.I told about some of the terrible ______I had had in the war.
A.experience B.experiences C.experiencing D.experienced things.
77.What lovely ____ you have!
A. a hair B.hair C. hairs D. of hair
78.Look at ______that dog left on the chair.
A.hair B.hairs C.a hair D. the hairs
79.________was too much for the child to carry.
A.The steel's weight B. The weight of a steel.
C.The weight of the steel. D. Steel's weight.
80.Mr William has a ________son.
A.fourteen-years-old B.fourteen years
C.fourteen-years D.fourteeen-year-old
81.Darwin didn't mean to attack people's religious __________.
A.belief B.beliefs C.believes D. believe
82.The doctor asked Charlie to take a deep _________.
A.breathe B. breath C. breathing D. breathless
83. The tree is as tall as a _________ building.
A. ten-storey's B.ten-storeys C.ten-storey D.ten-storyed
84.I'd like to see your ________.
A. ten speed bicycles B.ten speeds bicycles
C.ten-speed-bicycle D. ten-speed bicycles
85.I hope Mr Brown will come in __________time.
A.two weeks B.two weeks' C. two-week' D.two weeks
86._______uncle is an engineer.
A.Tom's and Joan's B.Tom's and Joan
C.Tom and Joan's D. Tom and Joan.
87.When he got back, he was surprised to find _______broken.
A.the room window B. the room's window
C.the room of the window D.the window of the room.
88. This is ________reading-room.
A. the teacher's B.teacher's C. the teachers' D.teachers'
89.His work is better than ________.
A.anyone B.anyone else C.anyone's else D.anyone else's
90.Do call them __________.
A.apple's trees B.apples' trees C.apples trees D.apple trees
Keys to the nouns.
1----10. bbccb ddaad 11----20. dcdab acbcb
21----30. dccdb ddcab 31----40.badcd bcdcd
41----50. cbdbb dbcdd 51----60. dabcb ccaab
61----70.cabba cabcd 71----80. bbddd bbdcd
81----90. bccdb cdcdd
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇2：It用法精练 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
It用法精练
1. Is _______ necessary to the design before National Day?
A. this B. that C. it D. he
2. She heard a terrible noise, ______ brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it B. which C. this D. that
3. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but _____didn’t help.
A. he B. which C. she D. it
4. ______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It
5. I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have ______?
A. it B. those C. one D. them
6. ---Why don’t you take a little break?
---Don’t we just have _______.
A. that B. this C. one D. it
7. 1. I like in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
A. this B. that C. it D. one
8. ---He was nearly drowned once.
---When was _______?
---_______ was in when he was in middle school.
A. that, It B. this, This C. this, It D. that, This
9. The weather turned out to be very good, ______ was more that we had expected.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
10. Was ______ that I saw last night at the concert?
A. it you B. not you C. you D. that yourself
11. The Parkers bought a new house but will need a lot of work before they can move in.
A. they B. it C. one D. which
12. It was only with the help of the local guide ________.
A. was the mountain climber was rescued
B. that the mountain climber was rescued
C. when the mountain climber was rescued
D. then the mountain climber was rescued
13. ______ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
A. It B. AS C. That D. What
14. Why! I have nothing to confess. _______ you want me to say?
A. What is it that B. What it is that C. How is it that D. How it is that
15. It was _____ back home after the experiment.
A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didn’t go
C. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didn’t go
16. ________ from Beijing to London!
A. How long way it is B. What a long way is it
C. How long way is it D. What a long way it is
17. - We haven't been to the Great Wall for ages.
- No, I don't remember how many years ago _______ I last visited it.
A. it was that B. was it that C. it was when D. was it when
18. It was not until the beginning of the meeting _____ he realized _____ I told
him was the only possible way to deal with the problem.
A. that; what B. what; that C. when; what D. when; that
19. Was it in 1969 ____ the American astronauts succeeded ____ landing on the
moon?
A when; on B. that; on C. when; in D. that; in
20. That was really a splendid evening．It's years ______ I enjoyed myself so
much．
A．when B．that C. before D．since
21. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see .
A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is
22. In fact is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.
A. this B. that C. there D. it
23. Since you have repaired my computer, is no need for me to buy a new one.
A. it B. there C. this D. that
24. The official made clear that he would do everything possible to solve the problem.
A. it B. this C. that D. him
25. ---Do you like here?
---Oh, yes, the air, the weather and the way of life. Everything is so nice.
A. this B. there C. that D. it
26. Bill’s aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising in TV is illegal, ?
A. isn’t it B. is it C. isn’t he D. is he
27. is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.
A. which B. As C. That D. It
28. It was with great joy he received the news that his lost daughter had been found.
A. because B. it C. since D. that
29. It is the ability to do the job matters not where you come from or what you are.
A. one B. that C. what D. it
30. Little joy can equal to ______of a surprising ending when you read stories.
A. that B. it C. any D. some
31. ---- Did anybody ask for me during my absence?
---- Yes, ______ called Black asked to see you.
A. he B. it C. one D. that
32. --- I hear you’ve written another novel.
- -- Yes. _______ be out in a month or two.
A. That can B. One may C. It should D. The one will
33. .It is ______of you to cheat in the exam.
A. dangerous B. difficult C. foolish D. kind
34. --- Steven has got the first prize in the maths contest.
--- ______ is no wonder that he looks so happy today.
A. As B. It C. This D. That
35. It is what you do rather than what you say ____matters.
A. that B. what C. which D. this
1-5 CBDDC 6-10 CCABA 11-15 BBBAC 16－20 DAADD
21-25 DDBAD 26-30 ABDBA 31-35 CCCBA
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇3：what在高中英语中的某些特殊用法 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
what在高中英语中的某些特殊用法
what在英语中是个很常用的词。我们知道它能用作疑问词，引导特殊疑问句，在句中做主语﹑表语或宾语；又能用作连接代词（或复合关系代词），引导主语从句﹑表语从句或宾语从句；还能用作疑问形容词，只作定语并可表示感叹。对于这些常规的用法本文就不一一赘述，现就what在高中英语中的某些特殊用法归纳如下：
1. what = just as，意为“恰像，犹如，好比”用作连词，引导比较状语从句。（见新编高二英语上册p.21）
⑴ 惯用句式是：A is to B what C is to D. 意为“A对B而言正如C对D一样”例如：
① Air is to us What water is to fish. 空气对于我们犹如水对于鱼。（介词to 表示两者的关系）
⑵ 也有“A is for B what C is for D.”句式。例如：
② Poultry is for the cook what canvas is for the paint. 厨师离不了家禽正如画家离不开画布一样。（介词for表示“供…使用”）
⑶ what 引导的从句也可以放在句首，其句式是： What C is to D，that A is to B.（= A is to B what C is to D.）
在这一结构中，喻体在前，主体在后，相当于“just as…，so…”结构，意思也是“A对B而言正如C对D一样”例如：
What blood vessel is to a man's body，that railway is to transportation.（=Just as blood vessel is to a man's body ，so Railway is to transportation.）
铁路对于运输，好比血管对于人体一样。
2. what 与do with连用，意为“（怎样）处理﹑安排或对付等”。what常有较灵活的翻译，常用结构是：“what …do with sth./sb.？”或“what to do with sth./sb.” 例如：
① What will you do with the letter？ 你将把那封信怎样处理？
② The kids do not know what to do with themselves on rainy days.
孩子们不知道雨天干什么好。
注意：do with 与deal with同义，但搭配不同：do with只能与what搭配，而deal with可与不同的疑问词搭配。比较：
③ How will you deal with the letter？你将那封信怎样处理？
④ You may have some idea of what the astronauts have to deal with if you try to drink a glass of water while standing on your head or while just lying down.
如果你试着倒立着或仅以躺着的姿势去喝水，就能大致体会得到宇航员必须应付什么了。
3. 问价格﹑度量﹑速度、人口﹑面积﹑门牌（汽车﹑电话等）号码等时，只能用what提问，不能用how much提问。例如：
① What is the cost（price）of the gold watch？这块金表多少钱？
② What is the speed of the car？车速是多少？
③ What is the length（width﹑depth）of the lake？这湖有多长（宽、深）？
④ What is the population（area）of China？中国的人口（面积）有多少（大）？
⑤ What money（cash） have you got？ 你有多少钱（现金）？
⑥ What is your telephone （car、room）number？
你的电话（汽车﹑房间）号码是多少？
4.“What is …like？”的两种含义。
⑴ 表示“情况怎样”，多指天气或气候。例如：
① What is the weather like today？今天天气怎样？
② What is the climate like there？那里的气候怎样？
⑵ 表示“像什么样，什么模样，怎样的” 指人或事物。例如：
③ What is the camel like ？骆驼是什么样子的？
④ - What is your teacher like？- She is very kind and beautiful.
“你老师是怎样一个人？”--“她既善良又美丽。”
⑤ What will life be like in the future ？ 未来的生活是什么样子呢？
注意：“What is…like？”通常用于对某人、某地和某物的实际情况提问，包括对其内在的品质或外在的特征（或持久的特征）提问。而“How is … like？”是就某人、某地和某物的外观询问对方的看法，可以用来询问变化的事物，如暂时的情况，情绪等，还常用来问候别人的健康。如：
⑥ How is your work these days？近来你的工作情况如何？
⑦ How is he？ 他近况如何？ （他身体近来怎么样？）
比较：What does she look like？她是什么模样？（What… look like？只能指外表 ）
5.“What do you think of…？”用于询问对方对……的看法或评价。例如：
① What do you think of the idea？你认为这个主意怎样？
② What did you think of that film？你对那场电影评价如何？
注意：“ What do you think of…？”是惯用搭配，不能改为“How do you think of…？”。但我们可以说：How do you feel about the idea（that film）？或者How do you like the idea（that film）？
6.what 用作复合关系代词时，既可指代人又可指代物。例如：
① China is no longer what it used to be？ 中国已不是过去的中国
② She is what you call a “bluestocking”。 她就是你说的“女才子”。
③ She is not what she was five years ago. 她不再是5年前的她了。
7. what从句可用作宾语补足语或状语。例如：
① We will make the factory twice what it is today. 我们将使工厂比现在规模增加一倍。（句中的twice what it is today是动词make的宾语the factory的补足语）
② Gravity is what makes you weigh what you weigh. 地心吸引力使人称得现有的重量（句中的第一个what到句末为表语从句；句末的what you weigh 是说明前面的动词weigh，系回答how much 的问题，作状语）
8.像how和why一样，what可以用作名词。例如：
① Please explain to us how and why，since you know what. 既然你想出一个好办法，请给我们解释清楚解决这个问题的方法和理由。
② By asking why，how and what if，curious minds find new ideas and solutions.
通过刨根问底，提出假设，富有求知欲的天才人物想出了新主意，找出了解决问题的新办法。（见新版高二英语上册p.7，what if 可译为：假设）
9.与what连用的常用句型和词组
⑴ What if…？What will or would happen if…？如果（假如）…将会怎么样？例如：
① What if it is true？如果这是真的又怎么样？
② What if a storm should come up？万一发生暴风雨怎么办？
⑵ what with：because of ；as a result of；因为；由于……的结果；例如：
③ What with overwork and （what with）so little sleep，she fell ill.
一半由于工作过度的劳累，一半由于睡眠不足，她病倒了。
④ She has been depressed，what with losing her job and having to move.
她由于丢了工作还要搬家而感到沮丧。
⑶ and what not ：and so on ；etc；以及各种其它东西；诸如此类；等等；例如：
⑤ I bought sugar，tea，eggs，and what not. 我买了食糖、茶叶、鸡蛋之类的东西。
⑷ come what will（may）是固定搭配必须倒装，意为“不管发生什么事”“不管怎样”
⑥ Come what will （may），I will always stand by you.
不管发生什么事，我将永远支持你。
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇4：代词IT的用法 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
代词IT的用法
一．IT的用法
用 法 例 证
1. 用作代词，为人称代词；第三人称单数，主格与宾格 There is a map on the wall. It is a map of China. 墙上有张地图，它是一张中国地图。(It指代上文提到的a map，在句中作主语)
Our monitor suggested that we go outing on Sunday. No one was against it. 班长建议我们星期天去郊游，没人反对。 (it指代上句这件事，作介词的宾语)
2．作无人称代词，除了句中找不到它所代表的词语外，另一个特点是它后面的内容都是表天气，时间，度量及情况等。 ”What time is it?“ ”It's twelve o'clock.“ “现在几点了?”“十二点钟。”(指代时间)
It was quiet at that moment. 当时非常安静。(指代情况)
3．作先行代词。It作先行代词时，本身没有具体意义，而只是帮助把真正的主语或宾语移到句子的后面去，it的作用是代替它后面起主语或宾语作用的不定式，动名词或从句。 It is very important for us to study English. 学英语对我们来说非常重要。(it指代后面的动词不定式。)
It's doubtful whether he will be able to come. 他能否来还很难说。(it代替后面的whether从句)
It's no use crying over the spilt milk. 牛奶倾覆，哭之无益。(覆水难收)(it指代后面的动名词。)
I owe it to you that I can achieve so much. 我能取得这些成绩都归功于你。(it指代后面的that从句)
4．用于强调句型中，it是引词，本身无词义。lt is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其它成分这一句型可强调主语，宾语或状语。 It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. 大约是在6前，造了第一只有钟面与时针的钟。
5．用于一些固定词组中，接在某些由名词变来的动词后，无实际意义。口语中用作某些动词或介词的含糊宾语，无意义。 Put it on. 夸大其词，吹牛。
Watch it. 注意。
Go it while you are young. 趁你年轻努力干吧。
I had a good time of it. 我玩得很高兴。
Depend upon it, she will soon recover. 不错(毫无疑问)，她很快会复原。
As ill luck will have it. 偏偏不巧。
You'll catch it! 你可小心点儿!(警告用语)
You are in for it. 这下你可得干到底了(或这下你可要倒霉了。)
6. 用作代词。意为“的确是
那东西，更重要的(必要的)东西，理想，极致，最顶尖的人”，俚语中指“重要人物，讨厌，自负的人”。 That's it. 就这样了。/真是这样。
In a lilac sun bonnet she was it. 她戴着一顶紫色遮阳帽，瀑亮极了。
For barefaced lying you are really it. 以无耻造谣而论，你真算得上天下第一。
Stop acting as though you were it. 不要夜郎自大。
He is a perfect it. 他太讨厌了。
We'll foot it. 我们将步行去。
We'll taxi it. 我们将坐出租车去。
She queens it. 她玩着女皇派头。
二．IT作人称代词
用 法 例 证
1．代替前面(或后面)的单数名词或分句等所表示的事物。
Where is my school-bag? It's on the desk. 我的书包在哪里?它在课桌上。(it指代前面的物school-bag)
Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but it didn't work. 汤姆的母亲不断地告诉他要好好努力，但这根本没用。(it指代
前面要他努力这样)
Although we cannot see it, there is air all around us. 虽然我们看不见空气，但它在我们的周围。(it指代后面的air。在主从复合句中，it通常位于从句中，而它所指代的名词通常位于主句中。)
It would be wonderful if you could come to help us. 如果你来帮助我们，那就太好了。(it指将会发生的事情，代替if引导的从句)
2．代替有生命的但不能或不必分阴阳的东西。(包括某些集合名词，个体名词) Our class is a big one. We all love it very much. 我们班是个大班，我们都热爱它。(it指代前面的集体名词class)
The baby cried because it was hungry. 婴儿因为饿而哭了。(it指代前面的个体名词baby)
三．IT作无人称代词
用 法 例 证
1．指时间 It's twelve o'clock now and it's time for lunch. 现在十二点了，该吃午饭了。
”What day is it?“ ”It's Thursday.“ “今天星期几？”“星期四。”
It has been ten years since I left Taiwan. 我离开台湾已经十年了。
2．指距离 ”How far is it to the school?“ ”It's about one mile.“ “到学校有多远?”“大约一英里。”
It half an hour's walk to the factory. 到工厂需走半个小时的路程。
3．指自然现象 It is getting hotter and hotter. 天越来越热了。
It is going to rain. 天要下雨了。
It's cloudy today. 今天多云。
4．指度量 It's 10 kilegrams in weight. 重量为十公斤。
It is twenty square metres of area. 面积为20平方米。
5．指环境情况 It's dark in the room. 房间里很黑。
It was very quiet at the moment. 这时候很安静。
It's quite close in the room. Let's open the window. 房间里相当闷，把窗子打开吧。
四．IT作先行代词
用 法 例 证
1．It作形式主语，指代不定式，动名词或从句。 In fact it is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. 事实上，在重大足球比赛中，警察们维护秩序是一件难事。(it代替动词不定式短语for the police to keep...)
It took them two years to finish the building. 他们花了两年时间建成了这座大楼。(it代替动词不定式短语to finish...)
It's no use reading without understanding. 读书不求甚解是无用的。(it代替后面动名词reading...)
It's no good talking up the matter now. 现在提起那个问题也没用。(it代替后面的动名词talking...)
It is a pity that you didn't come yesterday. 你昨天没有来，真可惜。(it代替从句that...)
It needs further discussion whether we'll build a new library or not. 我们是否要建一个新的图书馆还需进一步讨论。(it代替从句whether...)
2．it作形式宾语指代不定式，动名词或从句。 I found it difficult to hear what she said. 我发现要听见她说的话很困难。(it代替不定式to hear...)
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 马克思发现研究俄国的形势很重要。(it代替不定式to study...)
She thought it no use telling him about that. 她觉得把那件事告诉他没有用。(it代替动名词telling...)
We consider it good reading aloud in the morning. 我们认为早晨大声朗读是有好处的。(it代替动名词短语reading...)
They think it necessary that we go there at once. 他们认为我们有必要立即赶到那里。(it代替从句that...)
小结：
在句型中充当形式宾语的情况有三种：
1．谓语动词appreciate，dislike，hate，like，love，make(按时到达，成功)等后接有if或when等引导的宾语从句时，往往在从句前加上形式宾语it。 I would appreciate it if you could come to my birthday party. 如果你能来参加我的生日晚会，我将感到高兴。
2．动词have(表达，坚持说)，take(认为，猜想)，hide(隐瞒)，publish(公布)，put(表达，写出来)等后接由引导的宾语从句时，往往在从句前加上形式宾语it。 I take it you have been out. 我想你出去过了。
We published it that we had finished the project ahead of time. 我们宣布了我们已提前完成了这项工程。
3．短语动词answer for(担保)， count on(期待)，depend on(依靠)，insist on(坚持)，see to(确保)等后接引导的宾语从句时，往往在从句前加上形式宾语it。 I am counting on it that you will come. 我们期待着你能来。
See to it that you always carry your passport. 你得常带着你的护照。
五．IT构成强调句
用 法 例 证
1．可以改变句子结构，使句子的某一成分受到强调。其句型为It is/was+被强调部分+that/who/whom+其它成分，可强调主语，宾语或状语。 原句：I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday. 我昨天在火车站遇到了李明。
强调主语：It was I that/who met Li Ming at the railway station. 是我昨天在火车站遇到李明的。
强调宾语：It was Li Ming that/who/whom I met at the railway station. 我昨天在火车站遇到的是李明。
强调地点状语：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday. 我昨天是在火车站遇到李明的。
强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station. 我是昨天在火车站遇到李明的。
2．强调句型也可强调一些状语从句。 It was only when I reread his poems recently that I began to appreciate their beauty. 只有当我最近重读他的诗歌时，我才欣赏到它们的美妙来。 (强调only when引导的从句)
It was not until she took off her glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. 直到她摘下眼镜，我才意识到她是一位著名电影明星。(强调not...until从句。注意not必须位于until前与后面的从句一起提前被强调。)
3．强调句的一般疑问句句型： Is/Was+it+被强调部分+that/who/whom+其他成分? Was it in 1969 that the America astronaut succeeded in landing the moon? 是在1969年美国宇航员成功登陆月球的吗?
4．强调句的特殊疑问句句型：疑问词+is/was+it+that/ who / whom? Where was it that you met with the famous singer? 在哪里你遇上了这位著名歌唱家的？
Why was it that he got so angry? 到底是为什么他会如此生气?
小结
1. 强调状语时，连接词只能用that，强调人时，则可用that或who(在原句中作主语)或whom (在原句中作宾语)
2. 原句的谓语动词时态是一般过去进行时和过去完成时，用It was...来强调，其他时态用It is...来强调。
3. 强调谓语动词时不能用此句型，而应借助于助动词do，在句中要重读。 I did meet Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.我昨天在火车站确实碰上李明了。
I did forget your birthday.我确实把你的生日给忘了。
Do be careful.务必要小心。
4. 注意强调句不要与定语从句混淆。如果是强调句，那么去掉其强调结构It is/was与that/who/whom之后句子依然成立，否则便不是强调句。 It was on October 1st, 1949 what new China was founded.新中国是在1949年10月1日成立的。(强调句，强调时间状语)
It was October 1st 1949 when new China was founded.新中国成立的时间是1949年10月1日。(这不是强调句型，是一个定语从句)
高考选题
1. Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but _____ didn't help.
A. he B. which C. she D. it
2. I was disappointed with the film, I had expected _____ to be much better.
A. that B. this C. one D. it
3. _____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It
4. It was not until 1920 _____ regular radio broadcasts began.
A. while B. which C. that D. since
5. It was about 600 years ago _____ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
A. that B. until C. before D. when
6. It was only when I reread his poems recently _____ I began to appreciate their beauty.
A. until B. that C. then D. so
7. I hate _____ when people talk with their mouths full.
A. it B. that C. those D. them
8. It is the ability to do the job _____ matters not where you come from or what you are.
A. one B. that C. what D. it
9. Was it in 1969 ___the American astronaut succeeded _____ landing on the moon?
A. when; on B. that; on C. when; in D. that; in
10. Was _____ that I saw last night at the concert?
A. it you B. not you C. you D. that yourself
11. ---Wasn't it Dr. Wang who spoke to you just now? ---_____.
A. I didn't know he was B. Yes, it was C. No, he wasn't D. Yes, he did
12. _____ was in 1979 _____ I graduated from the university.
A. That; that B. It; that C. That; when D. It; when
13. It was _____ he said _____ disappointed me.
A. what; that B. that; that C. what; what D. that; what
14. What a pity my new computer doesn't work. _____ must be something wrong with it.
A. It B. There C. This D. That
15. An awful accident _____, however, occur the other day,
A. does B. did C. h~ to D. had to
16. In fact _____ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.
A. this B. that C. there D. it
17. It is these poisonous products _____ can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles.
A. who B. that C. how D. what
18. _____ is no possibility _____ Bob can win the first prize in the match.
A. There; that B. It; that C. There; whether D. It; whether
19. Since you have repaired my TV set, _____ is no need for me to buy a new one.
A. it B. there C. this D. that
20. It _____ long before we _____ the result of the experiment.
A. will not ho; will know B. is; will know C. will not be; know D. is; know
21. It was because of bad weather _____ the football match had to be put off.
A. so B. so that C. why D. that
22. I don't remember how many years ago _____ I last showed you round the factory.
A. it was that B. was it that C. it was when D. was it when
23. _____ it is going to rain.
A. It looked like B. It looks liked C. It looked as though D. It looks as if
24. Was it in this palace _____ the last emperor died?
A. that B. in which C. where D. which
25. It was in 1969 _____ the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon.
A. that B. which C. when D. in which
26. Is it in that factory _____ ”Red Flag“ cars were made?
A. in which B. where C. that D. which
27. It is the factory _____ we worked with these old workers.
A. in which B. there C. in that D. that
28. It was 1968 _____ we visited that factory.
A. during that B. during which C. that D. which
29. ---Now let me check the number”67845544\".
---That's _____.
A. that B. this C. it D. one
30. Everything has now been said, hasn't _____?
A. they B. it C. which D. that
31. _____ very foolish of you to say so.
A. It's B. Its C. That's D. This
32. It is _____ to observe traffic rules.
A. of great importance for us B. important to us
C. great important of us D. if great importance to us
33. _____ is said that he has been to many places in the United States.
A. This B. He C. It D. That
34. _____ is no doubt that he will succeed in his examination.
A. It B. This C. That D. Them
35. What he has done helps us a lot, _____?
A. isn't he B. doesn't he C. isn't it D. doesn't it
36. _____ I was free that evening.
A. It happened to B. It happened that C. That happened D. It was happened that
37. We all thought _____ no use doing that.
A. it B. that C. this D. there
38. Was it by the roadside _____ they talking about the film?
A. where B. that C. what D. by which
39. Why is it _____ everyone thinks he's thief?
A. because B. as C. when D. that
40. Was it near the bridge _____ the car accident took place?
A. where B. that C. there D. /
41. Can it be in the office _____ you left your umbrella?
A. where B. that C. which D. in which
42. Jack is ill. Have you heard about _____?
A. him B. it C. this D. that
43. The problem is not so easy as _____.
A. it is B. it does C. there is D. it seems
44. He is fifty, but doesn't _____.
A. look at it B. look for it C. look it D. look him.
45. _____ is about two Li from here to the zoo.
A. This B. That C. It D. Which
46. The war and the suffering _____ caused impressed him greatly.
A. that B. which C. what D. it
47. There we found little snow, as most of _____ seemed to have been blown off the mountain.
A. that B. it C. which D. what
48. _____ won't take long to get to Shanghai by air.
A. That B. He C. It D. This
49. How happy _____ to be able to study and live together with you!
A. that will be B. is it C. will it be D. it will be
50. I found _____ to hear what he said.
A. that difficulty B. it difficulty C. that difficult D. it difficult
51. It was _____ who telephoned me yesterday.
A. him B. his C. himself D. he
代词it的练习答案:
1-5 D D D C A 6-10 B A B D A 11-15 B B A B B 16-20 D B A D C
21-25 D A D A A 26-30 C A B C B 31-35 A A C A D 36-40 B A B D B
41-45 B B D C C 46-51 A C C D D D
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇5：谈谈名词的性 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
谈谈名词的性
在英语中, 名词的性（gender）分为阳性(masculine gender)，阴性(feminine gender)，通性(common gender)和中性(neuter). 为了系统地掌握它,下面我谈谈它的表示方法及用法.
一.名词区分阳性与阴性的方法
1.使用不同的词表示阳性和阴性: 常用的有以下一些例子
阳性 阴性
man 男人 woman 女人
boy男孩 girl 女孩
father父亲 mamma 妈妈
son 儿子 daughter 女儿
brother 兄弟 sister 姐妹
2. 改变词尾区别阳性和阴性
a.)直接在阳性名词后加－ess, 变成阴性名词
阳性 阴性
author 作家 authoress 女作家
count 伯爵 countess 伯爵夫人
heir 继承人heiress 女继承人
host 主人 hostess 女主人
lion 公狮 lioness 母狮
b.)将阳性名词词尾略加改变后，再加－ess而变成阴性名词：
阳性 阴性
actor 演员 actress 女演员
duke 公爵 duchess 公爵夫人
emperor 皇帝 empress 皇后
god 神 goddess 女神
master 主人 mistress 女主人
c.)阳性名词加－温情脉脉，变成阴性名词：
阳性 阴性
hero 英雄 heroine 女英雄
Joseph 约瑟夫 Josephine 约瑟芬
3. 加表示性别的词区分阳性和阴性
a.)加在主要词的前面：
阳性 阴性
man-servant 男仆woman-servant 女仆
boy-student 男生girl-student 女生
he-goat 公山羊 she-goat 母山羊
dog-fox 牡熊 bitch-fox 牝熊
he-bear 牡熊 she-bear 牝熊
b.)加在主要词的后面
阳性 阴性
air-man 飞行家 air-woman 女飞行家
landlord 房东 landlady 女房东
washer-man 男洗衣匠 washerwoman 女洗衣匠
beggar-man 男乞丐beggar-woman 女乞丐
orphan-boy 孤儿 orphan-girl 孤女
二.名词的性的用法
1.通常用阳性代表阴阳两性的动物，但雌性较有用时，则用阴性代表：
The horse is a useful animal 马是有用的动物。包括mare
2.“man”指一般人时，包括woman在内；其代名词则用he来表示：
Man does what he can, God( does) what he wills =Man proposes , God disposes
谋事在天，成事在人
3.“baby” 婴孩和“child”小孩的性别不明时，则用中性氏名词“it”表示：
The child seems to have lost its way. 这孩子似乎迷了路
4.动物除按性别分别用he , she 等外，可视为中性概以it, its 表示：
A fox caught a hen and killed her (or it ) 一只狐狸捉到一只鸡，并将它咬死
注：cat常被认为是阴性名词。
5.中性名词“拟人化”的性别：
a.)在文学上或中语里将无生命的东西或抽象的概念予以人格化的时候，在都以一些强有力的，伟大的或恐怖的事物为阳性：
The sun drove away the clouds with his powerful rays. 太阳用他的强光驱散了乌云
其它的例子
summer夏 mountain 山 sleep 睡眠
murder 谋杀 winter 冬
b.)优美柔和的事物被看作阴性：
The moon shed her mild light upon the scene 月亮以她的柔和光辉照在那片土地
其它的例子
spring 春 truth 真理 country 国家
the earth 地球 justice 正义 night 夜
c.)交通工具在中语中常视为阴性：
The ship sank with her crew on board 船带着船上的水手沉入海底
d.)国名被看作阴性，但在地理上则为中性：
China is proud of her long history 中国以她的悠久历史为荣
China is a large country. It has high mountains and long rivers中国是个大国，它有高山大河。
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇6：考点1 冠词和名词 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
考点1 冠词和名词
1. Always read the on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.
A. explanations B. instructions C. descriptions D. introductions
2. School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous .
A. states B. conditions C. situations D. positions
3. The face of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a of 60 miles.
A. length B. distance C. way D. space
4. The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took pictures of them.
A. many of B. masses of C. the number of D. a large amount of
5. Chinese arts have won the of a lot of people outside China.
A. enjoyment B. appreciation C. entertainment D. reputation
6. He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his was seen at its best when he worked with others. A. temper B. appearance C. talent D. character
7. Flight BA 123 to Vienna is now boarding at .
A. Gate 21 B. 21st Gate C. the Gate 21 D. 21 Gate
8. Now I come here at the of Mr. Smith to assist him finishing the work.
A. require B. remark C. demand D. request
9. She waited in for her mother’s letter.
A. anxious B. anxiety C. anxiously D. antique
10. There is a constant flow of people from the countryside into the cities, eager for the __ __ of modem society.
A. benefits B. goods C. pleasures D. possessions
11. To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their and weaknesses. A. strengths B. benefits C. techniques D. values
12. The on his face told me that he was angry.
A. impression B. sight C. appearance D. expression
13. Father went to the doctor for _____ about his heart disease.
A. an advice B. advice C. some advices D. the advices
14. It was so crowded in the bus that there was for me.
A. no room B. no rooms C. some room D. no spaces
15. Four are visiting our school now, two of them are . ??
A. Russians; policemen B. Russians; policeman
C. Russian man; policemen D. Russian; policemen
16. You know I have no for foreign languages.
A. knowledges B. gift C. character D. characters
17. Perhaps we need to clear away these books to make for the new students.
A. place B. area C. room D. space
18. At tile meeting they discussed three different to the study of mathematics.
A. approaches B. means C. methods D. ways
19. He got to the station early, missing his train.
A. in case of B. instead of C. for fear of D. in search of
20. We’ve missed the bus. I’m afraid we have no but to take a taxi.
A. way B. choice C. possibility D. selection
21. The classroom is big enough , but we’ll have to move if we have more students.
A. for the moment B. on the moment C. in a moment D. for a moment
22. You can’t afford to let the situation get worse. You must take to put it right.
A. decisions B. directions C. steps D. sides
23. Some plants can take in carbon dioxide we breathe out and give out oxygen to us.
A. in case B. in turn C. in return D. in addition
24. She broke a while she was washing up.
A. glass wine B. wine glass C. glass of wine D. glass for wine
25. According to the recent reports one of the animals, the crocodile, is in of dying out.
A. a danger B. the danger C. danger D. dangerous
26. After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson ride to Capital Airport.
A. the; a B. a; the C. /; a D. /; the
27. - Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?
- Sorry, wrong number, there isn’t Mr. Smith here.
A. / B. a C. the D. one
28. The most important thing about cotton in history is part that it played in Industrial Revolution.
A . /; / B. the; / C. the; the D. a; the
29. In review of 44 studies, American researchers found that men and women who ate six key foods daily cut the risk of heart disease by 76%.
A. a; the B. the; a C. a; / D. /; a
30. I can’t remember when exactly the Robinsons left city. I only remember it was Monday.
A. the; the B. a; the C. a; a D. the; a
31. This book tells life story of John Smith, who left school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16.
A. the; the B. a; the C. the; / D. a; /
32. Of all __ reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father’s advice was ___ most important one.
A. the; a B. /. ; a C. /; the D. the; the
33. Apples are usually sold by weight, and eggs are sometimes sold by dozen.
A. the; the B. /; a C. /; the D. the; a
34. Xiamen is most beautiful coastal city and I believe I will come for second time.
A. a; a B. the; the C. the; a D. a; the
35. Mr. Arafat was honored as historic leader who led his people with courage in all the stages of the national struggle.
A. a; the B. the; the C. the; / D. a; /
36. The ______ is just around the corner and you won’t miss it.
A. bicycle’s shop B. bicycle shop C. bicycles shop D. bicycles' shop
37. When we are in France, China is an country.
A. east B. easter C. eastward D. eastern
38. I didn’t expect that Tom would my failure to achieve his own goal.
A. make use of B. make the most of C. take advantage of D. take the advantage of
39. You are really very kind. I’ll never forget the you have done for me.
A. favour B. deed C. help D. good
40. I know the man by but I have never spoken to him.
A. chance B. heart C. sight D. experience
41. I knew John Lennon, but not famous one.
A. /; a B. a; the C. /; the D. the; a
42. My of this weekend’s activity is going out with some good friends.
A. idea B. opinion C. mind D. thought
43. The bad policy of the new government has put the economy of the country into a more difficult .
A. occasion B. situation C. case D. background
44. Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his _______.
A. ability B. force C. strength D. mind
45. He likes music so much that I think it right to buy him MP3 as birthday present.
A. the; an; a B. /; an; the C. /; an; a D. the; a; a
46. Thank you for sending us _ fresh vegetables of many kinds. You have done us great service.
A. /;a B. the; a C. /; / D. the; /
47. The adverbial phrase “every day” has space between two words.
A. the; the B. a; the C. /; the D. /; /
48. He lost the chance to be employed as _ marketing manager because he lacked _ work experience.
A. /; the B. a; a C. the; a D. a; /
49. Scarlett Johnasson developed ____ interest in acting and has made herself into perhaps finest actress of her generation.
A. an; a B. /; the C. an; the D. /; a
50. is without doubt the most magnificent of the big cats.
A. The tiger; a B. The tiger; / C. Tiger; / D. A tiger; the
51. Cherries are sold by weight, and books can be mailed by dozen.
A. /; a B. the; the C. the; a D. /; the
52. Charlely Oakley, NBA star, hasn’t lost game in the past month.
A. an; a B. a; the C. the; a D. /; the
53. I wonder what it feels like to be one of really rich. The Jenkinsons already have two Rolls Royces and now they are buying third!
A. the; a B. the; the C. /; a D. /; the
54. What beautiful weather! Great for holiday.
A. a; a B. the; the C. the; a D./; a
55. The driver was at loss when word came that he was forbidden to drive for speeding.
A. a; / B. a; the C. the; the D. /; /
56. The explorer got a disease in blood for the of fresh vegetables and fruit.
A. sake B. lack C. ignorance D. benefit
57. Man’s first walk on the moon was a strange technological .
A. success B. achievement C. succession D. accomplishment
58. Everyone’s application for the job must be sent in one week .
A. before hand B. ahead of time C. in advance D. as early as possible
59. Have you made out your for a passport?
A. appointment B. application C. apposition D. appreciation
60. They considered the plan in all its .
A. appearances B. aspects C. prospect D. suspect
61. I’m in my that he is a good manager.
A. behavior B. believe C. beloved D. belief
62. Now we can pick up weather information from new type of weather satellite.
A. the; a; / B. /; the; the C. /; a; / D. /; a; a
63. More and more people choose in the supermarket, for they are especially interested in a of goods on oilier.
A. price B. variety C. value D. amount
64. teacher of my grandmother’s is coming the day after tomorrow. I’m wondering how old ___ woman she would be.
A. The; a B.A; a C. A; the D. The; the
65. Would you like knife and fork, or would you rather use chopsticks, sir?
A. the; the B. a; / C. /; the D. /; /
66. Some of the passengers told the reporters about their __ in the burning train.
A. details B. trips C. events D. experiences
67. - $ 500, but that is my last offer.
- OK, it is a .
A. cost B. price C. reward D. deal
68. Those football players had no strict until they joined our club.
A. practice B. education C. training D. exercise
69. He walked up to _____ cupboard near the wall and reached out for second tube.
A. the; / B. the; a C. a; a D. /; a
70. She is ______ success, ______ woman as she is.
A. a; a B. /; a C. a; / D. the; the
71. To protect his new invention, he took out a _________ on it.
A. pattern B. protection C. license D. patent
考点小资料：短语中冠词的有无
by car by bike by train by the time 到……时候
by weight by length
by the metre by the hour by the kilo
take a bus in a boat on the bike
Chinese 汉语，中国人 the Chinese 1anguage 汉语
at table 吃饭，在吃饭的时候 at the table 在桌旁
be in charge of 负责…… be in the charge of 在……的掌握之下
take place 发生 take the place 代替
in possession 拥有 in the possession of 为……所有
in sight of 看得见 in the sight of 据……的见解
in place of 代替 in the place of 在……的地方
be of age 成年 be of an age 同龄
take advice 征求意见 take the advice 听从劝告
out of question 不成问题 out of the question 根本不可能
make beds 制作床 make the bed 整理床铺
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇7：[辅导]高中英语常用词语辨析 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
[专题辅导]高中英语常用词语辨析
一、believe和believe in 用法不一样
[观察分析]
1. Long ago ,people believed that the world was flat.很久以前，人们相信地球是扁平的。
2. I can quite believe you .我很信得过你。
3. We believe him to be honest.我们相信他是诚实的。
4. I don’t believe in fate. 我不相信命运。
5. Do you believe in the Bible?你相信《圣经》吗？
6. I don’t believe what you have said because I don’t believe in you .我不信你说的话，因为我不信任你。
[思考归纳]
believe 和believe in 在意义上有何区别？
believe一般是指相信某人_______；believe in 一般指_______某人或是对某种理论的____。
二、情态动词+have done结构的含义及其运用
[观察分析]
1. You should have finished your homework earlier.你应该早就把作业做好了的。
2. It is wet on the ground .It must have rained last night.地上湿的。昨晚一定下雨了。
3. He is a successful businessman. In the past years, he must have worked very hard.他是一个成功的商人。在过去的几年里，他一定工作很努力。
4. There is no light in his house. He might have gone out.他的房子里没有灯光。他可能出去了。
5. You are late again. You shouldn’t have got up so late. 你又迟到了。你不该起的这么晚。
6. You needn’t have lent the book to him. He has got it.你不必把书给他的。他已经有了。
7. You are not an honest girl. You ought not to have told lies to others.你不是个诚实的女孩子。你不该跟别人撒谎。
8. Can’t you see the sign – No Smoking ? You ought not to have smoked here .你没看到那个标志吗？你不该抽烟的。
[思考归纳]
问题1.should / ought to / might /need 等 +have done 表示什么含义并如何运用？
回答：这样的句型常用来表示该做的/可能要做的/需要做的事情，没有做或发生的时候；他们的否定形式表示不该做或发生的事情而___＃_____。
问题2. must +have done 什么含义如何运用？
回答：这样的句型常用于______：对于发生了或是已经发生的事情的猜测。
三、初探“with everyone clapping and having fun”结构
[观察分析]
1. With the spring coming, the trees turn green.春天来了，树木变绿了。
2. It’s impolite of you to sit with your feet pointing to others.你坐着用脚指着别人是不礼貌的。
3. He soon fell asleep with the lights still burning.他很快就睡着了，灯还亮着。
4. He lay on the grass ,with his eyes looking at the sky.他躺在草地上，眼睛看着天空。
5. The parents went out ,with their children staying at home .父母们都出去了，孩子们呆在家里。
[思考归纳]
1. 这个结构是如何构成的？
回答：with 是_____后面跟名词、代词做______，然后后面再跟动词的______形式做宾语_____。（因为宾语和动词在逻辑上有_______关系。）
2. 这个结构在句中表示什么意义？
回答：整个with结构在句中一般作______。例如方式状语、伴随状语等。
四、break up和 break down 用法辩异
[观察分析]
1. The ship broke up on the rocks.船触礁破裂了。
2. What broke up their friendship?谁破坏了他们的友谊。
3. Their marriage broke up . 他们的婚姻破裂了。
4. The police had to use force to broke up the crowd警察不得不用武力驱散人群。.
5. I am sorry to arrive late, but my car broke down halfway.抱歉我来晚了，我的车在半路上坏了。
6. The peace talks broke down without any agreement being reached.和谈失败了，没有达成任何协议。
7. I can’t have you breaking down in health.我不能让你的身体一天天垮下去。
8. Sugar and starch are broken down in the stomach.糖和淀粉会在胃里分解。
思考归纳
这两个词组分别是什么意思？
break up 是指__________________。例如解散人群，关系破裂、某物破碎等。
Break down 是指________________。例如车发生故障，计划等失败、身体垮了、分解物质等。
五、matter一词值得一探
[观察分析]
1. Is anything the matter ? 有什么问题吗？
2. You look a bit pale. What’s the matter with you ? 你看起来脸色有点苍白。
你怎么了？
3. There is an important matter I would like to talk to you about.有一件重要的事情我要跟你讨论。
4. It doesn’t matter whether it rains or not tomorrow.明天是否下雨没什么关系的。
5. It doesn’t matter that you came late. 你来晚了没什么关系。
6. Pain doesn’t matter to him. He is very strong.痛苦对他来说没什么关系。他身体很强壮。
7. It doesn’t matter to me which one you choose.对我来说你选择哪一个都 没关系。
8. No matter what you do ,I won’t forgive you.不管你做什么，我都不会原谅你。
9. No matter where he is ,I will find him.不管他在哪，我都会找到他。
10. No matter how late you come, I will wait for you .不管你来得有多晚，我都会等你。
[思考归纳]
1. 当matter 用作名词是何意义？如何使用？
回答：matter用作名词表示_________，一般在句中用的时候要在matter的前面加上________。
2. 当matter用作动词是和意义？如何使用？
回答：matter用作动词表示________,一般用于否定句或是_______；后面可以跟what ，where，when ，whether等引导的从句。
3. no matter 引导的是什么从句，在句中做什么成分，如何来构成。
no matter 一般引导__________从句，它后面可以跟_______________________等引导的从句
六、to one’s surprise 结构知多少
[观察分析]
1. To my surprise , he could escape from that big fire.令我惊讶的是，他能够从那场大火里逃脱出来。
2. To our great surprise, our team won the football match. 令我们很吃惊的是，我们队赢了足球赛。
3. To my joy, I could pass the difficult math exam.令我高兴的是，我能 通过那次很难的数学考试。
4. To his sorrow, his whole house was destroyed in the earthquake.令他悲伤的是，他的整座房子都在地震中毁掉了。
5. To her delight, she has got a new job in the company.令她高兴的是，她在那个公司里找到了一个新工作。
6. To our satisfaction, he could get the first prize in the competition. 我们满意的是，他在比赛中获得了一等奖。
7. To his amazement, his parents got him in such a short time.令他吃惊的是，他的父母亲在那么短的时间里就回来了。
8. To our excitement, we won the battle against the enemies.令我们激动的是，我们赢得了跟敌人的战斗。
[思考归纳]
to one’s surprise 类似的结构是怎样组成的，表示什么意义并如何使用？
回答：这样的词组一般是to 后面跟______ +表示感情或是情绪变化的____ ，通常表示某人的一种情绪和感情。一般在句中作 _________。
七、have sb do 与 have sb doing 用法比较
[观察分析]
1. The boss often has workers work for a long time.那个老板经常让他的工人长时间工作。
2. I would like to have him help me to finish the work.我想让他帮我完成那个工作。
3. Who would you rather have post this letter ? 你想让谁帮你寄这封信？
4. Don’t have the machine working all the time.不要让这个机器一直在运转。
5. It’s impolite to have him waiting outside for such a long time.让他在外面等这么长时间是不礼貌的。
6. You should be careful! Have the fire burning till tomorrow morning.你应该小心。让火一直燃烧到明天早上。
[思考归纳]
1. 两个词组分别是什么意义？
回答：have sb do 表示_________ 与 make /let sb do近义；have sb doing 表示_________。与keep sb doing近义。
2. 两个词组在用法上有什么不同？
回答：前者表示让某人去做了某事，所以用________（have sb to do ）；后者表示让某人一直做某事，所以用__________（have sb doing）
八、初探现在分词作状语
[观察分析]
1. He came running back to tell us the news. 他跑着回来告诉我们这个消息。
2. Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.如果你整天玩，就会浪费你的宝贵时间。
3. He husband died ,leaving her with five children.她丈夫死了，留下了她和她的五个孩子。
4. Knowing that they were going there ,the students began to make preparations.当学生们知道他们要去那儿，就开始作准备了。
5. Not feeling very well, he went to see the doctor.因为感到不舒服，他就去看医生了。
6. Being ill ,he didn’t go to school.因为生病，他就没去上学。
7. Being afraid of his parents, he didn’t go downstairs.因为害怕他的父母，他没有下楼下楼。
8. Reading English novels , he seldom looks up new words in a dictionary.他看小说时很少少查字典。
[思考归纳]
1. 在句中为什么要用现在分词做状语？
回答：如果分词的逻辑主语和句中的主语是________，那就用现在分词在句中状语。
2. 现在分词在句中可以作什么状语？
回答：现在分词在句中可以做__________________________。
九、初探what引导的名词性从句
[观察分析]
1. What he said is true.他说的是真的。
2. What really interested him was to travel outside. 确实能吸引他的是出去旅游。
3. Do you know what we are going to do this evening.你知道今晚我们要做什么吗？
4. What he does is also what I want to do . 他做的就是我想做的。
5. You are welcome. That’s what I should do .你太客气了啊。是我应该做的。
6. He didn’t know what was the matter.他不知道发生什么了。
7. That’s what I am doing now.那就是我现在在做的事情。
8. Our city is not what it used to be .我们的城市再也不是过去的那个样子了。
[思考归纳]
1. what引导的名词性从句在句中可做什么成分？
回答：what引导的名词性从句可以在句中做_______、________、________等。
2．这些名词性从句中，什么时候用what来引导？
回答：首先，判断这些从句是什么从句，再结合中文意思，最后去分析从句的结构。What在句中可以作 ________、_________ 、________等。
十、in order to， in order that, so that 与 so as to用法探异
[观察分析]
1． People must eat in order to live.人们必须吃饭才能生活。
2． He works very hard in order to support his family.他努力工作是为了养家糊口。
3． He got up very early in order to catch the first bus.他起的很早是为了赶上头班车。
4． We should work hard in order that we can pass the exam.为了能通过考试，我们应该努力学习。
5． They talked in a very low voice in order that they could not be heard.为了不让别人听见他们讲话，他们用很低的声音讲话。
6． In order to get home on time, he didn’t rest on his way . 为了能够准时回到家，他在路上都没有休息。
7． We hurried so as to be in time.我们赶紧走，好及时到。
8． Speak clearly so that everybody can understand you .请说清楚点，这样每个人都能明白你。
9． He often told lies,so that no one believe him .他经常撒谎，都没人相信他。
10. Please wear your sun glasses so that the sun won’t burn your skin.请带上太阳眼镜，这样太阳就不会晒伤你的皮肤。
[思考归纳]
1. 这些词组是什么意思？
回答：这几个词组在意思是差不多的，都表示__________。
2. 这些词组在句中作什么成分？用法上有什么不同？
回答：这些词组在句中一般做状语，表示______。so as to 和 in order to 后面一般跟________；前者引导的动词不定式不可放在______，而后者引导的可放在______。so that 和in order that 一般后面跟_______。
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇8：时态 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
时态
一、目标
本章要求学生掌握中学阶段常用的八种时态, 即：一般现在时, 一般过去时, 一般将来时, 现在进行时, 现在完成时, 过去完成时, 过去进行时, 过去将来时。
要求掌握时态的意义、各种时态的动词形式、与各种时态连用的时间状语以及一些时态的特殊意义。
二、重点及难点
八种时态的意义；现在完成时与一般过去时的区别；点性动词与线性动词；时态一致性。
三、方法
1．Do you know something about “tense”?
你知道“时态”是什么吗？
2．You are right. For example：
I'm working.我正在工作。
I worked yesterday.我昨天工作。
I will work.我将要工作。
How many tenses have you learned ?
你们学了几种时态？
3．Now let's have a discussion on every tense.
现在咱们分别讨论每个时态。
I think the present indefinite tense is the easiest tense of all． Do you know what it means ?
我想一般现在时是所有时态中最容易的, 你知道它的含义吗？
4．What's the form of the verb ?
谓语动词形式是什么样的？
5．Very good ! Do you know how to use “am, is, are”?
Here's a saying:
（I）我用 am（you）你用 are, is连着他、她、它。单数名词用is, 复数名词全用are。
Can you learn it by heart ?
你知道行为动词第三人称怎么变化吗？
6．Do you know what sound“s” or“es” makes ?
你知道“s”或“es”怎么发音吗？
你应当记住“清-清, 浊-浊, 元-浊”。现在我解释一下：
清-清 即：“s”或“es”之前的音素如 果是清辅音的话, “s”或“es”读作［K］（清）。
浊-浊 指“s”或“es”之前的音素如果是浊辅音的话, 则“s”或“es”读作［L］（浊）。
元-浊 如果“s”“es”之前是元音音素, 则它读作［L］（浊）。
你能想出几个例子吗？
7．一般现在时表示经常性动作或状态外, 常与什么副词连用呢？
8．一般现在时除表示经常性动作或状态外, 还有其他用法。它能表示将来时, 但它是有条件的, 这个条件有两种情况：A．是在条件状语从句中, 如果主句是一般将来时或一般现在时。B．是表示计划、打算、有规律动作。你能想出几个例子吗？
9．I think you have known something about the present indefinite tense. But I have one more point to tell you.
That is：Sometimes the present indefinite tense is used in the object clause when the past indefinte tense is used in the main sentence, Can you show me an example？
10．So much for the present indefinite tense. Let's come to the present continuous tense. Do you know the form of the verb when it is used as the present continuous tense？
11．You are right. Then what kind of adverbial is used？
那么用什么状语呢？
12．现在进行时有一个特殊的意义, 它可以表示将来发生的动作。但是这些动词必须是表示位置移动的单词。例如：go, come, start, leave 等。 Would you please give me two sentences？
13．Very good. Now shall we talk about the future indefinite tense？This kind of tense refers to an action that is going to happen in the future. Would you please say more？
14．一般将来时除去will do结构外, 还有其他结构, 也可表示将来时, 但注意这些结构有其他意义在里边。如： be going to do…表示动作将要发生, 表示主观打算。
be to do表示安排、计划好的动作, 表示命令、可能等意义。
be about to do…表示眼下即将发生……
Can you make some sentences？
15．The past indefinite tense expresses an action happened in the past. It's usually used with the adverbials such as yesterday, last month（ year, week）, the day before yesterday, … ago, in 1968 etc.它的谓语动词形式是什么样的呢？
16．Now let's come to the present perfect tense. In this tense, the action also happened in the past, but the action has something to do with“now”.
现在完成时动作发生在过去, 但它对现在有影响。谓语动词的形式为have done, done代表过去分词。have还有一种变化, 即has。has用于第三人称单数, 其他人称用have, 请你给出几个现在完成时的句子。
17．请你根据刚才的句子, 归纳一下现在完成时有几种含义？
18．现在完成时的这两种含义非常重要, 要认真领会。这里引出了两个概念：延续性动词与非延续性动词。即：点性动词与线性动词。所谓点性动词就是不能延续的动词；线性动词就是可以延续的动词。延续性动词用于现在完成时的第二种用法, 点性动词用于第一种用法。
19．点点结合, 线线结合是完成时中一个重要原则, 这个问题往往是学生容易出错的地方。请把下列句子的错误改正过来：
A．He has come for 3 hours.
B．The girl has waited since two years.
C．The old man has died for ten years.
D．I have bought the book for two months.
20．那么，在英语中，同一种意思，既有点性动词，又有线性动词的实例很多。Now would you please show the continuous verbs of the following ?
A．join the army
B．join the Party
C．come back
D．borrow a book
E．buy a book
F． leave
G．go out
H．die
I．open
J．begin
K． arrive
21．在完成时的句子中, 同一种意思可以有几种英语表达方法。如：
我入团已经5年了。有以下几种表达方式：
A．I have been a League member for 5 years.
B．It's five years since I joined the League.
I joined the League 5 years ago.
I have been a League member since 5 years ago.
Now I give you some sentences and please try to express the same meaning in other ways.
A．He has been here for 2 hours.
B．They've been away since 1960.
C．The film has been on for one hour.
22．Now let's do some other exercises. Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of verbs.
A．I ____ （lose）my pen.
She ____ （ lose） her pen yesterday.
B．I ____ （be）to the Agricultural Exhibition.
I ____ （go） to the Agricultural Exhibition last week.
C．The car ____ （stop）.
The car ____ （stop） just now.
D．A： ____ you ____ your lunch ?
B：Yes, I ____ .
A：When ____ you ____ it ?
B：I ____ it about half an hour ago.
23．Now let me say something about “have been to” and“have gone to”.
have been to 意思是“去过”。
have gone to 意思是“去了”。
请翻译下列各句：
A．我去海南四次了。
B．他已经去南方了。
C．你去过东京吗？
D．小李已经去办公室了。
你可以去那儿找他。
E．你去哪儿了？
F．他去哪儿了？
24．通过练习，对现在完成时和过去时有了足够的认识, 你能说出它们的异同点吗？
25．Very good !Here's a drawing to show the difference between the present perfect tense and the past indefinite tense.
e．g．He was a student in the past.
e．g． He has been a student for 2 years.
26．现在来谈谈对比时态问题。所谓对比时态是指两个动作同时存在, 但有时间前后。这样的时态有过去将来时、过去完成时。
27．过去完成时也可跟另一个时间进行对比, 含义仍然是到过去某个时间为止, 如它与 by the end of…, by the time when…
例如：
A．They had completed the program by the end of the last year.
B．The train had left by the time when we arrived at the station.
28．You are right. The present continuous tense expresses an action happening at a present moment or during a present period of time, while the past continuous tense refers to the past.
e．g．My daughter was reviewing her lessons at eight last night.
What were you doing while I was watching TV ?
Students
1．I think“tense” is a certain form of a verb. It changes according to the time of the action.
我想“时态”是动词的某种形式, 它随动作的时间而发生变化。
2．We have learned eight tenses. They are： the present indefinite tense, the past indefinite tense, the future indefinite tense, the present continuous tense, the present perfect tense, the past continuous tense, the past perfect tense and the future-in-the-past indefinite tense.
我们学习了：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时和过去将来时。
3．一般现在时表示经常性动作或状态、过去、现在以及将来一直进行的动作或存在的状态。
4．一般现在时, 谓语动词要随主语人称而变化。be动词有三种变化形式, 即am, is, are；行为动词有两种变化形式, 即：原形和第三人称单数。
5．行为动词第三人称有以下几种变化形式：
A．动词后面直接加“s”, 如works, plays, learns。
B．以［K］［CM］, ［DN］,［M］,［L］ 结尾的单词, 词尾加“es”, 如果词尾有“e”, 则只加“s”, 如：misses, finishes, teaches, loses。
C．如词尾以辅音字母+y结尾, 应变y为“i”, 再加“es”, 如： flies, carries。
D．特殊情况：go和do词尾加“es”。
6．啊！我明白了, 像 works, 由于 s之前是k, 读作［E］, 是清辅音, 所以s读作［K］；又如：learns s之前是浊辅音［Q］, 所以它读作浊辅音［L］； plays s之前由于是ay字母组合, 读作元音音素［-!］, 所以s读作［L］这叫做“元-浊”。
7．与一般现在时连用的时间状语有：often, usually, sometimes, always, seldom, twice a week, every day…
8． A．If it is fine tomorrow, I will go out for a picnic.
（条件状语从句中一般现在时表示将来）
B．When they leave school, they will go back to the factory.（时间状语从句一般现在时表示将来）
C．The train starts at ten o'clock in the morning.
（计划, 有规律的动作表示将来）
9．Yes, I can. Here's a sentence.
The teacher said that the sun rises in the east. Here“rises”is the present indefinite tense. This tense is used because it happens regularly.
因为动作是有规律地发生。
10．The form of the verb is“be doing”, and“be”can be changeable.
For example：am, is, are. I think the present continuous tense expresses an action happening at present time or during present period of time.
For example：
He is reading a book now.
We are learning BookⅡthis week.
11．现在进行时与 now, at the present, this year（week, month）等时间状语连用。
12．
A．He is coming to see me tomorrow.
明天他要来看我。
B．They are leaving Shanghai for Beijing.他们要离开上海去北京。
13．OK ! The future indefinite tense is connected with the future time, such as, tomorrow, next week（year, month）, the day after tomorrow, from now on, in a month （year） etc.
它的动词结构是will do 有时第一人称单复数用shall do。
14．Yes, I can.
A．We are going to help the farmers on the Red Star Farm.
我们打算去红星农场帮助农民们。
B．The boys are to go to school next week.
这些男孩们下周要上学了。
C．We are about to leave, so there is no time to visit him now.
我们就要离开了, 所以现在没有时间去看他了。
15．一般过去时, 谓语动词的形式应该用过去时。即：原形动词后加ed, 还有一些特殊形式的动词。如：go----went, see----saw, do----did, read----read, give----gave, sit----sat。
我想特殊动词要特殊记忆。
16．我清楚了, 现在完成时谓语动词形式have done, 可以这样理解：have是“变量”；done是“常量”。
A．We have cleaned the room now.
我们现在已经打扫了房间。
B．He has cleaned the room now.
他现在已经打扫了房间。
C．They have been here for 3 hours.
他们在这儿呆了3个小时了。
D．The professor has worked in this university since 1969．
教授自从1969年就在这所大学里工作。
17．我想有两种含义：
一种是动作发生在过去, 动作不延续, 但对现在有结果和影响。如句子A、B表示打扫房间的动作发生在过去, 但强调的是现在房间已经干净了。
另一种是动作从过去开始一直延续到现在, 对现在有结果和影响, 如句子C、D。
18．点性动词应当与点性时间状语连用, 线性动词与线性时间状语连用。点性时间状语有：now, today, already, just, before, never, ever, always, yet等, 线性时间状语有for…, since…等。
19．A句中应当把come改为 been here, come为点性动词, for为线性时间状语。
B句有两种改法，一是将since改为for, 意思是“已经等了两年了”。另一种是在two years之后加ago, 意思是“自从两年前就开始等, 一直等到现在。”
C句将 died改为 been dead, 因为 for ten years是线性时间状语, die为点性动词, 不能延续, 而 be dead是线性动词, 可与 for短语连用。
D．将 bought改为 kept或 had。 buy为点性动词, have（keep）为线性动词。
20．Let me have a try．
join the army----serve in the army
join the Party----be a Party member
come back----be back
borrow a book----keep a book
buy a book----have a book
leave----be away
go out----be out
die----be dead
open----be open
begin----be on
arrive----be here
A．He has been here since two hours ago.
It's two hours since he came.
He came here two hours ago.
B．They went away in 1960.
They have been away for 40 years.
It's 40 years since they went away.
C．The film began an hour ago.
It's one hour since the film began.
The film has been on since one hour ago.
21．A．He has been here since two hours ago.
It's two hours since he came.
He came here two hours ago.
B．They went away in 1960.
They have been away for 40 years.
It's 40 years since they went away.
C．The film began an hour ago.
It's one hour since the film began.
The film has been on since an hour ago.
22．
A．have lost； lost
B．have been； went
C．has stopped； stopped
D．Have… had
have
did… have
had
23．
A．I have been to Hainan four times.
B．He has gone to the South.
C．Have you ever been to Tokyo ?
D．Xiao Li has been to his office. You can find him there.
E．Where have you been ?
F． Where has he gone ?
24．在我看来，它们的相同之处是动作都发生在过去，它们的不同点是现在完成时的动作对现在有影响，而过去时对现在没有影响。
25．图A表示动作发生在过去，处于静止状态, 而图B表示动作发生在过去，但它指向现在，对现在有结果和影响，最后强调的是现在。
26．当主句动作发生在过去，从句动作发生在它之后，这时从句谓语用过去将来时。如：
I said that I would go to that island.
“said”在前，相对它来讲，would go在后。
可当一个动作发生在过去而另一个动作发生在它之前, 那么这个动作则要用过去完成时。如：
I said that I had finished the composition.
said发生在过去, had finished在它之前发生, 称之为过去的过去。
27．现在我明白啦！过去完成时和过去将来时只有在与另一个过去的动作进行对比的情况下才能存在。所以把这两种时态叫对比时态。
老师，我有一个问题，过去进行时是指过去某一时刻或过去某一段时间正在进行的动作吗？
四、精选题
选择填空：
1．----Can I join your club, Dad？ [ ]
----You can when you ____ a bit older.（'94）
A．get B．will get
C．are getting D．will have got
2．----I'm sorry to keep you waiting.（'94） [ ]
----Oh, not at all. I ____ here only a few minutes.
A．have been B．had been
C．was D．will be
3．I don't really work here；I ____ until the new secretary arrives.（'94） [ ]
A．just help out
B．have just helped out
C．am just helping out
D．will just help out
4．I need one more stamp before my collection ____ . [ ]
A．has completed
B．completes
C．has been completed
D．is completed
5．I first met Lisa three years ago．She ____ at a radio shop at the time.（'97） [ ]
A．has worked
B．was working
C．had been working
D．had worked
6．----Is this raincoat yours？ [ ]
----No, mine ____ there behind the door.（'97）
A．is hanging B．has hung
C．hangs D．hung
7．----Nancy is not coming tonight. [ ]
----But she ____ ！（'98）
A．has written B．wrote
C．had written D．was writing
8．Shirley ____ a book about China last year but I don't know whether she has finished it.（'98） [ ]
A．has written B．wrote
C．had written D．was writing
9．----Hi, Tracy, you look tired. [ ]
----I am tired. I ____ the living room all day.（'98）
A．painted
B．had painted
C．have been painting
D．have painted
10． The price ____ , but I doubt whether it will remain so.（'99） [ ]
A．went down
B．will go down
C．has gone down
D．was going down
11．----Bob has gone to California. I hear. [ ]
----Oh. I wonder when he ____ .（'96海淀）
A．has left B．leaves
C．left D．was leaving
12．----Have you got your test result ? [ ]
----Not yet. The papers ____ .（'96海淀）
A．are not correcting
B．have not corrected
C．are still being corrected
D．have already been corrected
13．----Why weren't you at the meeting ? [ ]
----I ____ for a long----distance call from my father in Australia.（'99西城）
A．waited B．was waiting
C．had waited D．have been waited
14．The telephone ____ four times in the last hour, and each time it ____ for my roommate.（'99西城） [ ]
A．has rung; was
B．has been ringing; is
C．had rung; was
D．rang; has been
15． Two million tons of oil ____ exploited in this area that year.（'99西城） [ ]
A．was B．has been
C．were D．have been
16．----What time ____ Tom tomorrow？ [ ]
----At 3：00 p．m．（'99西城）
A．do you meet
B．will you meet
C．would you meet
D．are you meeting
17． That was not a good place to go skating. You ____ your leg. [ ]
A．can break
B．could break
C．could have broken
D．could have been broken
18．---- ____ the sports meet might be put off. [ ]
----Yes, it all depends on the weather.
A．I've been told
B．I've told
C．I'm told
D．I told
19．----Your phone number again？ I ____ quite catch it. [ ]
----It's 9568442．
A．didn't B．couldn't
C．don't D．can't
20． As she ____ the newspaper, Granny ____ asleep. [ ]
A．read; was falling
B．was reading; fell
C．was reading; was falling
D．read; fell
21．I don't think Jim saw me; he ____ into space. [ ]
A．just stared
B．was just staring
C．has just stared
D．had just stared
22．----Who is Jerry Cooper？ [ ]
---- ____ ? I saw gou shaking hands with him at the meeting.
A．Don't you meet him yet
B．Hadn't you met him yet
C．Didn't you meet him yet
D．Haven't you met him yet
用所给动词的正确形式填空：
1． I'm afraid I can't get in all the wheat within such a short time unless you ____ to help me tomorrow.（come）
2． They left for Beijing last week and we ____ then so far.（not hear）
3．When we reached the airport, we were surprised to find that Uncle's plane ____ . （land）
4．I ____ he had finished his work.（think）
5．We ____ the problem for quite some time, but we any conclusion yet.（discuss, not reach）
6．He said this book would be published if the writer ____ .（agree）
7．John works very hard. In fact, I think he ____ right now.（study）
8．The little boy didn't see me, he ____ a golden fish in a basin.（watch）
9．I have to make a quick phone call. Can you wait a few moments ? It ____ long.（not take）
10．They ____ themselves on the beach when the train ____ .（enjoy, come）
答案：
选择填空：
1～5 AACDB 6～10 ABDCC 11～15 CCBAC
16～20 BBAAB 21～22 BD
用所给动词的正确形式填空：
1．come 主句用将来时, 从句用一般现在时表示将来。
2．haven't heard so far与现在完成时连用。
3．had landed 在 reached之前发生, 故用过去完成时。
4．thought
5．have been discussing, haven't reached 讨论从过去开始一直到现在, 但是到目前仍没有结论。
6．agreed 主句是过去时, 从句动作受它影响。
7． is studying
8．was watching 没有看到我, 那时正观看金鱼。
9．won't take
10．were enjoying, came
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇9：It 句型 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
It 句型归纳
1． It is ＋adj．(＋for sb．／sth．) ＋ to do sth．
用于此句型的形容词有：easy， hard， difficult，possible，
important， impossible， necessary， good， bad， exciting，
interesting， surprising等。如：
It is necessary to change your job．
It was very hard for them to walk such a long way in
the snow．
2． It is ＋n．(＋for sb．／sth．) ＋ to do sth．
用于此句型的名词有： pity, shame, pleasure, one’s duty, one’s
job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。如：
It is a pity for you to have missed such a wonderful
play．
It is bad manners for the young to take up the seats
for the old．
3． It is ＋adj．＋of sb．＋to do sth．
此句型中的形容词主要描述某人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有：
kind, nice, wise,
silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。如：
How silly it was of you to give up such a good
chance！
It is friendly of the family to try to make me feel
at home in their house．
4． It is ＋adj．（＋n．）＋doing sth．
此句型中的形容词和名词常见的有：no／little use, no／much good,
useless等。如：
It’s no use crying over spilt milk．
5．It takes sb．＋一段时间＋to do sth． 表示“做某事花费某人多长时间”。如：
It took us half an hour to ride to the town by the
sea．
6．It is ＋及物动词的过去分词＋that从句
此句型中常见的及物动词的过去分词有：said, told, known, reported,
recorded, thought, believed, considered等。如：
It is reported that the Russian President will visit
China next week．
7．It ＋不及物动词＋that从句
此句型中不及物动词常见的有：seem， happen， appear， matter等。如：
It seems that there will be a heavy snow tomorrow．
It happened that I met my good friends in the museum
yesterday．
8．强调句型：It is＋被强调部分＋that／who从句
在使用强调句型时要注意，指人时可以用who或that，其它情况一律用that。如：
It was under the bed that my brother hid the ball
this morning．
It is Mr Bell who／that often comes and looks after
the old man．
9．It is／has been＋一段时间＋since从句。如：
It is ／has been three years since we saw each other
last．
10．It is (high) time that sb． did sth．
该句型表示“某人现在该做某事了”，从句常用过去时（虚拟语气）
说明现在应该做的事情。如：
It’s six o’clock．It is high time that we went home
now．
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇10：省略 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
省略
省略在英语运用中，尤其是在交际对话中普遍存在，因为它可以避免重复，突出关键词语，能做到言简意赅，并使上下文紧密连接。在历年的高考题中也屡见不鲜。省略有词法上的省略，也有句法上的省略，有的学者把某些替代也看作一种省略。那么--
一、词法上的省略
1. 名词所有格后修饰的名词在以下情况可以省略
1）如果名词所有格修饰的名词在前文已出现，则可以省略。如：
These are John's books and those are Mary's (books). 这些是约翰的书，那些是玛丽的书。
2）名词所有格后修饰的名词如果是指商店、住宅等地点时，这些名词也常常省略。如：
at the doctor's 在诊所
at Mr. Green's 在格林先生家
to my uncle's 到我叔叔家
at the barber's 在理发店
2. 冠词的省略
1）为了避免重复
The lightning flashed and thunder crashed. 电闪雷鸣。（thunder前省略了定冠词the）
2）在the next day (morning, week, year...)等短语中，有时为了使语气紧凑定冠词the 常可以省略。如：We went to the farm to help the farmers with the harvest (the) next day. 第二天，我们去农场帮助农民收庄稼。
3）在副词的最高级前面的定冠词常可以省略。如：
She sings best in the class. 她在班上唱歌唱得最好。
4）在某些独立主格结构中。如：
Our teacher came in, book in hand. (=Our teacher came in, with a book in his hand.)
我们的老师手里拿着一本书进来了。
5）在as引导的让步状语从句中，当作表语的单数名词提前时，不定冠词要省略。如：
Child as he is, he knows a lot. 虽然他还是一个孩子，却懂得很多。
3. 介词的省略
1）both 后常跟of短语，其后可以接名词复数形式，也可以接代词宾格复数形式。接复数名词时，介词of可以省略，但接代词宾格时，of不能省略。如：
Both (of) the films were interesting. 这两部电影都很有趣。
She invited both of us to her birthday party. 她邀请我们俩去参加她的生日派对。
2）在现在完成时表持续和重复的句型中，一段时间前的介词for可以省略。如：
These shoes are worn out. They have lasted (for) a long time.
这双鞋穿破了，已经穿了很长一段时间了。
3）被动结构中，如果没有必要强调动作的执行者，则可以省略介词by短语。如：
The letter was posted (by me) yesterday. 这封信是昨天寄出去的。
4）和一些动词搭配构成的短语中的介词，如：consider... (as)..., prevent / stop... (from)doing..., have trouble / difficulty... (in) doing...,spend... (in / on) doing... 等中的介词可以省略。如：
Trees can prevent the earth (from) being washed away. 树能阻止泥土被冲走。
Can you stop him (from) going swimming in the river? 你能阻止他下河洗澡吗？
I have some difficulty (in) answering the question. 回答这个问题我有点困难。
4. 动词不定式中的省略
1）有些动词，如：believe, find, think, feel, consider, imagine, prove等后作宾补的结构
to be + n. / adj. 中的to be可以省略。如：
I consider him (to be) lazy. 我认为他懒。
His mother found him (to be) a clever boy.他母亲发觉他是一个很聪明的孩子。
2）感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice 等以及使役动词let, make, have后作宾补的动词不定式中的不定式符号to要省略，但变为被动结构时，to必须保留。如：
They made the boy go to bed early.他们强迫这个男孩早睡。
The boy was made to go to bed early. 这个男孩被迫早睡。
注：help后作宾补的动词不定式中的to可以省略也可以保留。
3）在can not but, can not choose but, can not help but之后的动词不定式一般不带to； but之前有实义动词do的某个形式do, does, did, done 时，也不带to, 否则要带to。如：
We have nothing to do now but wait. 我们现在除了等没有别的事可做。
I can not but admire his courage. 我不能不钦佩他的勇敢。
He has no choice but to accept the fact. 除了接受这个事实他别无选择。
4）在并列结构中为了避免重复。如：
I'm really puzzled what to think or say. 我真不知道该怎么想，怎么说才好。
但两个不定式有对照或对比的意义时，则后一个to不能省略。如：
I came not to scold but to praise you. 我来不是责备你，而是赞美你。
5）在why, why not 引导的特殊问句中后跟省略to的动词不定式。如：
Why talk so much about it? 为什么大谈这个事呢？
Why not try it again? 为什么不再试一试呢？
6）动词不定式中动词原形部分是否省略，主要看句子前面是否已出现过同样的动词。如果句子前面出现过同样的动词，为了避免重复，句子后面的不定式常省略动词原形，而保留不定式符号to。如：They may go if they wish to(go). 如果他们想去，他们就可以去。
Don't go till I tell you to.直到我告诉你去，你才可以去。
在一些动词afford, agree, expect, forget, mean, pretend, remember, want, refuse, hope, wish, would like (love), try等后跟动词不定式作宾语，不定式中的to可以承前（后)省略。如:
-Will you go to the cinema with me? 你愿和我一起去看电影吗？
-Well, I'd like to (go with you). 我愿意。
I would do it for you, but I don't know how to (do it for you).
我想为你做这事，但我又不知如何做。
在某些形容词，如：afraid, glad, willing, happy, eager等后承前省略动词原形，只保留不定式符号to。如：-Will you join us in the game? 你愿和我们一起做这个游戏吗？
-Sure, I'll be glad to(join you in the game). 当然，我愿意。
有些动词，如：tell, ask, allow, expect, force, invite, permit, persuade, order, warn, wish, would like, forbid等后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语、主语补足语时，不定式承前省略动词原形， 保留动词不定式符号to。如： He didn't come, though we had invited him to (come).
尽管我们邀请他来，他却没来。
注：承前省略的动词不定式如果有助动词have或be，则要保留be或have。如：
-Are you a teacher? 你是老师吗？ -No, but I used to be (a teacher). 不，我以前是。
二、句法中的省略
在一些简单句、并列句和复合句中，可以省略主语、谓语、宾语、表语等某一个句子成分，也可以省略多个句子成分。
1． 简单句中的省略
1）感叹句中常省略主语和谓语。如： What a hot day (it is)!多热的天啊！
How wonderful!多妙啊！
2） 在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分。如：
-（Will you） Have a smoke? 你抽烟吗？ -No. Thanks. 不，谢谢了。
（Is there）Anything else to say?还有别的要说吗？
2． 并列句中的省略
1） 如果主语不同，而谓语动词中的一部分相同，则省略谓语动词中相同的那部分。如：
John must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.
约翰一定在踢球，而玛丽一定在做作业。
2） 主语相同，谓语动词也相同，则二者都可以省略。如：
His suggestions made John happy, but (his suggestions made) Mary angry.
他的建议使约翰高兴，却使玛丽很生气。
3） 主语相同，而谓语不同，则可以省略主语。如：
Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but (he) soon returned to his old ways.
老麦克唐纳戒了一阵子烟，可很快又抽上了。
4）在并列复合句中，如果that从句从属于第二个并列句且它的谓语动词和宾语等其它一些成分与第一个并列句相同时，这个that从句通常可以省略这些相同的部分。如：
Jack will sing at the party, but I know John won't （sing at the party）.
杰克将在晚会上唱歌，但我知道约翰不会在晚会上唱歌。
3． 复合句中的省略
1） 名词性从句中的省略
（1）作宾语的what从句中的谓语动词与主句的相同，则what从句可以省略谓语，甚至主语。如：Someone has used my bike, but I don't know who (has used it).
有人用了我的自行车，但我不知道是谁。
He has gone, but no one knows where (he has gone).
他走了，但没人知道他去哪儿了。
（2）有时候也可以根据说话的情景来省略主句中的一些成分。如：
（I'm） Sorry I've kept you waiting so long.对不起，让你久等了。
（3）在某些表虚拟语气的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，从句谓语动词中的助动词should可以省略。如：It's important that we (should) speak to the old politely. 我们对老人说话要有礼貌，这很重要。
2） 定语从句中的省略
（1）在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that, which, who (whom)常可以省略。如：
The man(who / whom) I saw is called Smith. 我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。
Where is the book (which) I bought this morning?今天上午我买的那本书在哪儿？
（2）关系副词when, where, why以及that在the time(day, morning, afternoon, evening, night, week, month, year等) when, the place(desk, table, room, spot, house, town, country, school等)where, the reason why, the way that结构中引导限制性定语从句时，在非正式场合下，可以省略关系副词when, where, why, that。如：
I shall never forget the day (when) we first met.
我永远也不会忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。
The reason (why) he came so early is his own affair. 他来这么早是他自己的事。
The way (that) you answered the questions was admirable. 你回答这些问题的方式令人钦佩。
3）状语从句中的省略
当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，或状语从句中的主语是it，并且又含有be动词时，常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。
（1）在as, before, till, once, when, while等引导的时间状语从句中。如：
While（I was） waiting, I was reading some magazines. 我一边看杂志，一边等。
（2）在though, although,等引导的让步状语从句中。如：
Though (they were) tired, they went on working. 虽然他们累了，但他们仍继续工作。
（3）在if, unless(=if... not)等引导的条件状语从句中。如：
You shouldn't come to his party unless (you were) invited.
除非你被邀请，否则你不应该来参加他的宴会。
（4）在as, as if, as though引导的让步状语从句中。如：
He did as (he had been) told. 他按照被告知的那样去做了。
He paused as if (he was) expecting her to speak. 他停下来，好像是在期待她说话。
（5）在as(so)... as..., than引导的比较状语从句中。如：
I know you can do better than he (can do). 我知道你能比他做得更好。
This car doesn't run as fast as that one (does). 这辆小车不及那辆跑得快。
三、替代性省略
在一些交际用语中的某些动词，如：think, suppose, expect, believe，guess等后常常和so， not等连用，以替代上文出现的内容。如：
-Do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting? 你认为他会来参加这个会议吗？
-I suppose not. 我认为不会。
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇11：表语 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
表语
一、教学目标
通过本章学习, 使学生明白表语的概念及表语的用法。
二、教学重点和难点
不定式、分词、动名词作表语及表语从句。
三、教学方法
1．在谓语一章中我们已分析过表语, 最常见的是 be动词及 become。
2．在使用中我们常见到不定式用在be动词后边作表语。由于不定式表明一个具体的动作, 当放在be动词后边时表示即将要去做的事。请将下列句子翻译成汉语并作分析：
3．
A．The news sounds inspiring.
B．His absence is disappointing.
C．We are interested in the story.
D．After a long walk, we all felt tired.
E．He has got married.
一般来说～ing形式作表语表示主语的特征, 具有影响别人的能力；～ed形式作表语表示受到影响而呈现的状态。
4．A句是动名词作表语, 表示主语job的内容。
B句是现在分词作表语, 表示主语result 的特征。
动名词与现在分词作表语的不同就是前者是表内容, 后者是表特征。
5．这是一个含有主语从句和表语从句的复合句, 在后边的章节中会作进一步阐述。
1．表语表明主语的身份、状态、样子、方位、处所, 除了be, become这两个系动词外, 还有一些本身既是行为动词又是系动词的词。
2．
A．I am to go to town.
我要进城。
B．My work is to clean the classroom.
我的工作是打扫教室。
3．A．这消息听起来挺鼓舞人心的。是现在分词作表语, 表示本身具有影响别人的特征。
B．他的缺席令人失望。与上句一样表示主动。
C．我们对这故事感兴趣。过去分词作表语, 表示故事有趣, 使得我们对它感兴趣, 因此用过去分词。
D．走了一大段路, 我们都感到累了。过去分词作表语, 是走路使得我们累, 我们才感到累。
E．他结婚了。表示一状态, 过去分词作表语。 get married是个词组。
4．同样都是～ing 形式作表语, 遇到这样的句子, 怎样解释？
A．My job is running the machine.
B．The result is exciting.
5．如何理解下面这个句子？
Why he hasn't come is that he has something important to do at home.
四、精选题
1．The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____ it more difficult. [ ]
A．not makeB．not to make
C．not making D．do not make
2．Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____ by the hour. [ ]
A．pay B．paying
C．paid D．to pay
3．Longjing tea, Jasmine tea and Wuyi tea are all famous, but which do you think ____ ? [ ]
A．tastes best B．smells most
C．drinks mostly D．sounds best
4．----Hello, Tom, where were you last night ?---- ____ . [ ]
A．To Brown's
B．To the Browns'
C．In Brown's
D．In the Browns'
5．Thank you very much indeed． That's ____ of you. [ ]
A．kindest B．most kind
C．the kinder D．the most kind
6．The meeting was put off, ____ was exactly ____ we wanted. [ ]
A．it；that B．as；that
C．which； what D．this ；what
7．His suit has become loose． He seems ____ weight. [ ]
A．to lose B．being lost
C．losing D．to have lost
8．----Did you enjoy yourself at the party？ [ ]
----Sorry to say I didn't． It was a meeting than a party.
A．more ofB．rather like
C．less of D．more or less
9．----Where is George？ He said he would meet me here at 3 O'clock. [ ]
----He seems ____ with Mr Brown in the office.
A．to talk
B．to be talking
C．to have talked
D．talking
10．They found there was ____ to weigh such an elephant. [ ]
A．big enough nothing
B．nothing enough big
C．enough nothing big
D．nothing big enough
答案：1～5 BCADB 6～10 CDABD
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇12：倒装(人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
倒 装
(一)疑问句多数是倒装语序，但如果主语是疑问词或被疑问词修饰的，整个句子是自然语序，本身就是个正装句
A. Who invented the machine?
B. What impressed you most?
C. What has happened to Tom?
D. How many people took part in the demonstration?
E. Which team won the game?
(二)there be结构是倒装句，除be以外，live, happen, exist, lie, remain也都可以充当该结构的谓语
A. About 2, 300 years ago, there lived in Greece a great thinker named Aristotle.
B. There happened to be nobody in the bedroom.
C. For there lay the Combs-the set of combs that Della had worshipped for many months in a shop window.
(三)only放在句首修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句时要倒装，其他情况就不构成倒装式了。如果谓语动词是单个实意动词，倒装时加do的相应形式(即do, does, 或did)
A. Only in this way can you succeed.
B. Only yesterday did I hear of the accident.
C. Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.
D. Only my parents know the secret. (不倒装)
(四)表示否定意义的词放在句首时要倒装
hardly, scarcely, never, not, not until, not only, seldom, little等。
A. Never shall I forget it.
B. Not a single mistake did he make.
C. Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started.
D. Not only was everything he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship.
E. Not until quite recently did I have any idea what a guided missile was like. 请注意下列这组句子。
A. She didn't change her mind until yesterday. (正装句)
B. Not until yesterday did she change her mind. (倒装句)
C. It was not until yesterday that she changed her mind. (强调句不倒装)
(五)把副词so放在句首，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人(或物)，只用于肯定句
A. He has been to Beijing, So have I.
B. They like English very much. So does John.
C. Society has changed and so have the people in it.
但如果后面的句子是对前面句子的内容加以确认的话，那么也把so放在句首，不过后面主谓不倒装。
A. There was clearly nothing left to do but drop herself onto the shabby couch and weep. So Della did.
B. I said I was going to visit him. So I did.
C. He studies hard. So he does.
(六)如果虚拟条件从句的谓语动词含有be动词，助动词或情态动词，可将if省略，而把be动词、情态动词或第一个助动词移到主语前，构成倒装句
If it had not been for their assistance, we couldn't have got over the difficulties. (正装句)
A.
Had it not been for their assistance, we couldn't have got over the difficulties. (倒装句)
If there should be a flood, what should we do?
B.
Should there be a flood, what should we do?(倒装句)
(七)在某些让步状语从句中用倒装结构
A. Proud as these nobles are, he is afraid to see me.
B. Small as it was, the army had great fighting capacity.
C. Child as he is, he knows a lot.
(八)某些表示祝愿的句子也用倒装结构
A. Long live the solidarity of the people of the world!
B. May you both be happy!
(九)为了保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时常常把表语或状语部分放在谓语动词前
A. On the ground lay an old sick goat.
B. There, on the shore, were nine savages, sitting round a fire.
C. From a speaker on the wall comes the doctor's voice: “Good morning. ”
D. Inside the pyramids are the burial rooms for the kings and queens and long passages to these rooms.
(十)宾语在多数情况下都紧跟在谓语后面，但当我们特别想强调宾语时，亦可放到主语前面，但句中的主谓不倒装
This they kept for themselves.
All this he fixed together with glue, string, wax and many wires.
(十一)so…that结构中的so置于句首时，需要倒装
A. So excited was he that he couldn't say a word.
B. So loudly did he speak that even people in the next house could hear him.
责任编辑：李芳芳
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