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高中英语语法总结英语语法基础知识

时间：2024年01月23日

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以下是小编为大家准备的高中英语语法总结英语语法基础知识，本文共13篇，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。本文原稿由网友“笨笨猪”提供。

篇1：高中英语语法总结英语语法基础知识

高中英语语法

一、表语从句

1.定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。

2.构成：关联词+简单句

3.引导表语从句的关联词的种类：

(1)从属连词that。如：The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。

(2)从属连词whether,as,as if。如：He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起来还与十年前一样。

注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如：All this was over twenty years ago,but it's as if it was only yesterday.这都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be,seem,look等。

(3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever 连接副词 where,when,how,why。如：The problem is who we can get to replace her.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。

解释：连词because可引导表语从句。如：I think it is because you are doing too much.我想这是因为你做得太多。在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如：My suggestion is that we (should)start early tomorrow.我的.建议是我们明天一早就出发。

二、主语从句

1.定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。

2.构成：关联词+简单句

3.引导主语从句的关联词有三类：

(1)从属连词that。如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。

(2)从属连词whether。如：Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。

(3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever 连接副词 where,when,how,why。如：What she did is not yet known.她干了什么尚不清楚。

三、宾语从句

1.定义：用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。

2.构成：关联词+简单句

3.引导宾语从句的关联词有三类：

(1)从属连词that。如：He told us that he felt ill.他对我们说他感到不舒服。I know he has returned.我知道他已经回来了。注：that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下，that不能省略。

1.Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and连接两个宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略。)大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。

2.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。)对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。

3.That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe.(that从句位于句首时，that不可省略。)我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。

4.We decided,in view of his special circumstances,that we would admit him for a probationary period.(主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。)鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定应允他一段试用期。

(1)介词宾语从句宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。如：He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.他对那天发生的事感到很不快。

(2)从属连词if/whether。如：I doubt whether he will succeed.我怀疑他是否会成功。I don’t know if you can help me.我不知道你能否帮助我。

(3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever 连接副词 where,when,how,why。如：Who or what he was,Martin never learned.他是什么人?他是干什么的?马丁根本不知道。

四、同位语从句

1.定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。

注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。如：I have no idea whether he’ll come or not.我不知道他是否来。

连接代词who,which,what和连接副词where,when,why,how亦可引导同位语从句。

五、不定式的构成

不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成，在某些情况下to也可省略。

不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。如：They invited us to go there this summer.他们邀请我们今年夏天去那儿。

篇2：高中英语语法基础知识总结

1高中英语语法大全一、主语从句

1.定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。

2.构成：关联词+简单句

3.引导主语从句的关联词有三类：(1)从属连词that。如：Thattheywereintruthsisterswasclearfromthefacialresemblancebetweenthem.很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。(2)从属连词whether。如：Whetherhe’llcomehereisn’tclear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。(3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever连接副词where,when,how,why。如：Whatshedidisnotyetknown.她干了什么尚不清楚。Howthishappenedisnotcleartoanyone.这事如何发生的，谁也不清楚。Whoevercomesiswelcome.不论谁来都欢迎。Whereveryouareismyhome----myonlyhome.你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。

二、宾语从句

1.定义：用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。

2.构成：关联词+简单句

3.引导宾语从句的关联词有三类：

(1)从属连词that。如：Hetoldusthathefeltill.他对我们说他感到不舒服。Iknowhehasreturned.我知道他已经回来了。注：that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下，that不能省略。

1.EverybodycouldseewhathappenedandthatTomwasfrightened.(and连接两个宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略。)大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。

2.Iknownothingabouthimexceptthatheisfromthesouth.(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。)对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。

3.ThatheeversaidsuchathingIsimplydon’tbelieve.(that从句位于句首时，that不可省略。)我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。

三、表语从句

1.定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。

2.构成：关联词+简单句

3.引导表语从句的关联词的种类：(1)从属连词that。如：ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。(2)从属连词whether,as,asif。如：Helookedjustashehadlookedtenyearsbefore.他看起来还与十年前一样。Thequestioniswhethertheywillbeabletohelpus.问题是他们是否能帮我们。

四、同位语从句

1.定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。

2.用法：同位语从句的先行词多为fact,news,idea,thought,question,reply,report,remark等，关联词多用从属连词that。如：Theywereallverymuchworriedoverthefactthatyouweresick.对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome?你在哪儿听说我不能来?EarlyinthedaycamethenewsthatGermanyhaddeclaredwaronRussia.德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。

五、不定式的构成

1.不定式的构成不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成，在某些情况下to也可省略。不定式一般有时式和语态的变化，通常有下表中的几种形式(以do为例)：主动式被动式一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式tobedoing/完成进行式tohavebeendoing/

1)不定式的一般式不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。如：Theyinvitedustogotherethissummer.他们邀请我们今年夏天去那儿。Hestoodasideformetopass.他站到一边让我通过。

2)不定式的完成式不定式的完成式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之后发生，它在句中可作表语、状语、宾语，有时也可作主语、定语等。如：Sheseemedtohaveheardaboutthismatter.她似乎已听说过这件事。Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.我很抱歉让你等了这么久。Imeanttohavetoldyouaboutit,butIhappenedtohaveanimportantthingtodo.我本来想告诉你这件事的，但我碰巧有一件重要的事要做。Ithasbeenanhonorformetohavetraveledsomuchinyourcountry.对我来说，在你们国家旅行这么多地方是一件很荣幸的事情。

3)不定式的进行式不定式的进行式表示正在进行的与谓语动词同时发生的动作。它在句中可以用作除谓语以外的所有成分。如：It’sniceofyoutobehelpingusthesedays.你真好，这些天一直帮我们。Hepretendedtobelisteningtotheteachercarefully.他假装在认真地听老师讲课。Wedidn’texpectyoutobewaitingforushere.我们没料到你一直在这儿等我们。

4)不定式的完成进行式如果不定式表示的动作是谓语所表示

5)动词不定式的否定形式是由not或never加不定式构成。如：Trynottobelateagainnexttime.尽量下次不要再迟到。Hewishedusnevertomeetheragain.他希望我们永远不要再见到她。

2英语语法基础知识有哪些

1.as...as...引导的比较级：

(1)“as +形容词或副词原级+as+被比较对象”结构。例句：He studies as hard as you. 他像你一样学习努力。

(2)在否定句或疑问句中可用not so…as…. 例句：He can notrun so/as fast as you. 他没你跑得快。

2.only引导的倒装句型：only +状语(或状语从句)位于句首时，句子部分倒装。

例句： Only by diligence and honesty can one succeed inlife. 只有勤奋、正直，一个人在生活中才能成功。

注意：但 only修饰主语时，不倒装。例句：Onlythat girl knew how to work out the problem. 只有那位女生知道怎样解那道题。

3.wish引导的虚拟语气：wish 后面的从句，当表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望时，其宾语从句的动词形式为：

(1)表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句动词用过去式或过去进行式表示，be 的过去式用were.

I wish I knew the answer to the question. 我希望知道这个问题的答案。(可惜不知道。)

(2)表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词用had +过去分词。

I wish (that) I hadn’t wastedso much time. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。( 实际上已经浪费掉了。)

(3)表示对将来的主观愿望：谓语动词形式为“would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形”。在这种情况下，主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同，因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿(非动作名词除外) 。

I wish it would stop raining. 但愿雨能停止。

注意：若wish 后的宾语从句中用would，可以表示请求，通常意味着说话人的不快或不满。

例句：I wish you would be quiet. 我希望你安静一些。

4.it形式宾语：和it 作形式主语一样, 我们常用it 来作形式宾语, 把真正的宾语从句放在句末, 这种情况尤其出现在带复合宾语的句子中。

例句：He has made it clear that he will not give in. 他表明他不会屈服。

5.The+比较级，the+比较级表示“越......越......”。

例句：The more scared we are, the stronger the difficultywill become.我们越害怕困难，困难就会变得越强大。

6.宾语从句：一般疑问句做宾语，引入if或whether

例句： I want to know if he will join us in thediscussion?

7. 原因状语从句：since引导的

例句： Don’t eat too much sugarsince it is bad for your health.

8. 否定词前置倒装：scarcely...when...

例句： Scarcely had he arrived at home when it began torain.

9.宾语从句：放在介词后面，作介词的宾语。

例句：I know nothing about him except that he used towork in Shanghai.

篇3：高中英语语法总结精选

一. 动词的时态

时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态，但是常用的只有9种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去将来时，现在完成进行时。下面分别进行介绍。

1. 一般现在时的用法

1) 表示经常性，习惯性的动作;表示现在的状态、特征或真理而不表示具体的特定行为。

句子中常用often，usually，every day等时间状语。例如： He goes to school every day。(经常性动作) He is very happy.(现在的状态) The earth moves around the sun.〈真理〉

2) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时态的形式表示将来。

If you come this afternoon，we'll have a meeting. When I graduate，I'll go to the countryside.

3) 有时这个时态表示按计划，规定要发生的动作，(句中都带有时间状语)但限于少数动词如begin，come，leave，go，arrive, start，stop，return，open，close等。 The meeting begins at seven.

The train starts at nine in the morning. 在时。例如：

I like English very much.

2. 一般过去时的用法

4) 表示状态和感觉的动词，如be，like，hate.think, remember, find，sound等常用一般现

The story sounds very interesting.

1) 表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过去反复发生的动作。

He saw Mr. Wang yesterday.

I used to smoke. He worked in a factory in 1988. During the vacation I would swim in the sea. 2) 表示过去经常发生的动作，也可用“used to”和“would+动词原形”。例如：

注意：used to表示过去常发生而现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态。另外“to be used to+名词(动名词)”表示“习惯于„„’’。例如：

I am used to the climate here. He is used to swimming in winter.

3. 一般将来时的用法

一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态。其表达形式除了“will或shall + 动词原形”外，还有以下几种形式。

1) ―to be going to+动词原形‖，表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。例如： It is going to rain. We are going to have a meeting today.

2) go, come, start, move, leave, arrive, stay等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作。

I’m leaving for Beijing. Next week I’m staying in the country for days.

The boy is to go to school tomorrow. 3) ―be to + 动词原形‖表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见。 Are we to go on with this work ?

跟时间状语。例如：

We are about to leave. I’m about to start out. He gets off at the next stop. 5) 某些词，如come，go，leave，arrive，start，get，stay等的一般现在时也可表示将来。 The meeting starts at five o'clock.

4. 现在进行时

1) 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作，由“to be + 现在分词”构成，另外“系动词十

介词或副词”也表示进行时的意义。例如：

What are you doing? The bridge is under construction.

2) 表示感觉，愿望和状态的某些动词如：have, be, hear, see, like等词一般不用进行时。

3) 非持续性动词一般不用进行时态，但当用于进行时态时所表达的意义是：a) 逐渐地。 b)

反复进行的动作。例如：

a) I’m beginning to understand it. (我慢慢开始明白了。)

b) The monkey is jumping up and down there. (那只猴子在那一直上上下下跳个不停。)

4) 有的句子用一般现在时态和进行时态均可，但用进行时态往往带有感情色彩。比较：

The Changjiang River flows to the east. (长江向东流。客观现实)

The Changjiang River is flowing to the east. (长江滚滚东流。赞叹)

Tom often lies to our teachers. (“汤姆经常对老师撒谎。”表汤姆的习惯)

Tom is always lying to our teacher. (“汤姆老是对老师撒谎。”表说话者厌恶的态度)

5. 过去进行时的用法

1) 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻、某一阶段正进行的动作，由“was(were)十现在分词”

构成。例如： In 1980 he was studying in a university. He was reading a novel when I came in.

4) ―be about to+动词原形‖ 表示即刻发生的动作，意为：be ready to do sth.后面一般不

2) 用一般过去时态和过去进行时态有行为完成与否的差别。比较：

Yesterday my sister wrote a letter. (写了一封信)

Yesterday my sister was writing a letter. (这封信或许还没有写完)

6. 现在完成时的用法

现在完成时由“have+过去分词”构成。其使用有两种情况：

1) 现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成，而对现在有影响。句中没有具体时间状语。

He has gone to Wuhan.(说话人认为他不在该地) He has been to Wuhan.(说话人认为他在该地)

表示一段时间的状语或so far，now，today，this week(month，year)等表示包括现在时间在内的状语。例如： He has studied English for 5 years.

He has studied English since 1985.

Now I have finished the work.

注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如：come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用。

3) 现在完成时还可用在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时完成的动作。例如：

I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework.

If it has stopped snowing in the morning，we'll go to the park.

7. 过去完成时的用法

1) 过去完成时由“had+过去分词”构成。过去完成时的动词表示过去某一时刻或某一动

作之前完成的动作状态。句中常用by，before，until，when等词引导的时间状语。例如：

By the end of last year we had bui1t five new houses. I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university.

或持续下去。例如：

Before he slept，he had worked for 12 hours.

8. 过去将来时的用法

过去将来时表示从过去的某时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时由“should或would + 动词原形”构成。第一人称用should，其他人称用would。例如：

They were sure that they would succeed.

9. 现在完成进行时的用法

现在完成进行时由“have(has)+ been+现在分词”构成，表示现在以前一直在进行的动作。有些词，如work，study，live，teach等用现在完成进行时与用现在完成时意思差不多。例如： I have worked here for three years.

I have been working here for three years.

但多数动词在这两种时态中表示不同意思。例如：

I have written a letter.(己写完)

I have been wring a letter.(还在写)

注意：表示短暂动作的动词，如finish，marry，get up，come，go等不能用这种时态。

2) 现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去。常用for和since

2) 过去完成时的动词还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间

二. 动词的语态

1. 当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式叫主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，

谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。例如：

1) 一般现在时：You are required to do this.

2) 一般过去时：The story was told by her.

3) —般将来时：The problem will be discussed tomorrow.

4) 现在进行时：The road is being widened.

5) 过去进行时：The new tool was being made.

6) 现在完成时：The novel has been read.

7) 过去完成时：He said that the work had been finished.

8) 过去将来时：He said that the trees would be planted soon.

2. 一些特殊的被动语态结构：

1) 带情态动词的被动结构：

The problem must be solved soon.

2) 带不定式的被动结构：

The room is going to be painted. The homework needs to be done with care.

例l)The baby is looked after carefully.

用于这类被动结构的短语动词要把它们作为整体看待，即要把它们看作单字及物动词。

这类结构有以下几种：

a) (不及物)动词+介词：agree to，ask for，call for，laugh at，listen to，look after，

operate on，send for，talk about.think of等。

b) (及物)动词+副词：bring about，carry out，find out，give up，

hand in， make out， pass on， point out， put away， put off， take up, think over，

turn down，turn out，wipe out，work out等。

c) 动词+副词+介词：do away with，face up to，give in to，look down upon, make up for,

put up with等。

例2)They will be taken (good) care of.

Attention must be paid to your pronunciation.

用于这类被动结构的短语动词最多见的是“动词+名词+介词”这一结构。如：catch sight of，keep an eye on，make use of，make a fool of，pay attention to， put an end to，set fire / light to， take care of, take hold of，take notice of等。

例2) 与例1) 的不同点在于，它们用于被动态时能有两种形式。第一种形式是把“动词十名词+介词”作为整体看待。第二种形式是把其中的“动词+名词”作为“动词+宾语”的结构处理。

4) 带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改成主语，宾语补足语保留在谓语后面。例如：

We always keep the classroom clean. (比较：The classroom is always kept clean.)

3) 短语动词的被动结构：

5) 汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示，例如：

据说„„ 希望„„ 据推测说„„ It is said that„ It is hoped that„ It is supposed that„ It must be admitted that„ It must be pointed out that„ It is well known that„ It will be said that„ It is generally considered that„

It is believed that„ 必须承认„„ 必须指出„„ 众所周知„„ 有人会说„„ 大家认为„„ 有人相信„„

3. 表示被动含义的主动动词

1) 系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有look, taste, sound, smell,

prove, feel等, 例如:

Your reason sounds reasonable. The door won’t open. The book sells well. Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth. It can’t move. These clothes wash easily. The dust has blown into the house. 2) 一些与can’t或won’t连用的动词。常用的有: lock, shut, open, act等, 例如: 3) 一些与well, easily, perfectly等连用的动词, 如: sell, wash, clean, burn, cook等, 例如: 4) 用在 ―主语 + 不及物动词 + 主语补语‖ 句型中的一些不及物动词, 例如: This material has worn thin.

4. 表示被动含义的主动结构

1) 在动名词结构中

be worth, want (=need), need, require后所用的动名词, 必须用主动结构表被动意义。

These young seedlings will require / need looking after (= need to be looked after) carefully. Your hair wants / needs cutting (needs to be cut).

a) 作定语:不定式结构常表示动宾关系, 即用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这种情

形最常出现在 ―There + be + 主语 + 修饰主语的不定式‖ 和 ―及物动词 + 宾语 (或双宾语) + 修饰宾语的不定式‖ 结构中, 特别是 ―主语 + have + 宾语 + 修饰宾语的不定式‖ 结构中。

Give him some books to read. He has a family to support. There is a lot of work to do. 当然, 这里的不定式在个别情形下也可用被动形式, 含义区别不大,例如: There is so much work to do / to be done. Give me the names of the people to contact / to be contacted.

是应用主动形式表示被动含义。适合于此结构的形容词比较多, 最常用的有amusing, cheap, dangerous, difficult, easy, important, nice, pleasant等, 例如:

That question is difficult to answer. Chicken’s legs are nice to eat.

2) 在不定式结构中 b) 在―主语 + be + 形容词 + 不定式‖句型中, 有时主语是不定式结构的逻辑宾语, 这在be to结构中的一些不定式:这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表主动, 被动表被

动。然而,由于古英语的影响, 下列动词仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义:

Who is to blame for starting the fire? The house is to let. A lot remains to do.

3) 在特殊结构中

a) ―be + under +名词‖ 结构:这种结构表示某事 ―在进行中‖。例如: The building is under construction.

The whole matter is under discussion (= is being discussed).

经常这样用的名词还有repair (修理), treatment (治疗), question (质问)等。

b) ―be worthy of +名词‖结构: 在这一结构中, 名词和句子的主语有被动含义, 如: a man worthy of support nothing worthy of praise

此结构后通常用表示行为的名词, 而不用动名词的被动形式。

篇4：高中英语语法总结精选

一. 简单句

一个简单句里只有一个主谓结构(有时可能会有并列的主语或谓语)，而谓语又一定是需要限定动词的，因此，通过对限定动词的识别，可以帮助我们判断一个句子是不是简单句，找出其基本结构中缺少或多余的成分。请看以下例句：

I saw him walking to the office this morning and looking eager to get there and start work. (saw 是限定动词;walking，looking，to get，start都是非限定性动词，即非谓语动词。)

While cutting trees，one man was nearly killed by a falling tree. (was是限定动词;cutting，killed，falling是非限定动词。)

You can either stay here or come with us.

(stay，come都是非限定动词;can是情态动词，can stay or come作谓语。)

二. 并列句

1. 并列连词及其使用

1) 常用的并列连词(或称等立连词)有：and，or，but，for，not only...but(also)，either...or，

nether...nor，both...and.

2) 除for以外的并列连词都可以用来连接一个单句里的两个并列成分，例如：

Jenny and I are good friends。 We run，jump and shout for joy together.

(当有两个以上的并列成分时，一般只在最后两者之间用连词。)

We go for a walk or watch TV after supper.。

The bike is quite old but in excellent condition.

Either your answer or mine is wrong.

3) 除both...and以外的并列连词还可用来连接两个简单句(或称并列分句)，构成并列句。

She was often late and everybody knew，but no one asked why.

The old lady doesn't go out in the winter， for she feels the cold a great deal.

Not only is the teacher himself interested h the subject but a11 his students are beginning to show an interest in it.

2. 连接并列分句的其它手段

1) when/where偶尔也可作并列连词;如：

I was walking down the street when I remembered that I had forgotten my umbrella.(when = and then)

Last night I went to the theatre where I saw Tom's parents，(where = and there) The tongue is not steel，yet it cuts.

I’m busy today，so can you come tomorrow?

Go into the cave，then they won't see you.

It may be possible or not;however，we shall understand.

I’ve never been to Berlin;therefore I don't know much about it. 2) 副词yet，的和then可以连接并列分句：

3) 还可用分号“;”。如： 3. 并列分句的排列顺序必须考虑各分句之间的逻辑关系及其时间上的先后顺序，具体情况具体分析。 1) 有些并列的分句可以相互颠倒，并不影响所表达的句意，如： Everyone was in the classroom and the doors were closed.

(=The doors were c1osed and everyone was in the classroom.)

2) 多数并列句里的分句不能相互颠倒。如：

Most of us were in the classroom，the doors were closed and the late comers had to wait Outside.

(为说明门关之后，迟到者只好在外等着，后两个分句的顺序不能颠倒。)

We were coming to see you，but it rained(so we didn’t)。

(考虑到两个分句所谈事实的时间先后与逻辑关系，它们的位置不能颠倒。)

三. 复合句

1. 复合句由一个主句和一个(或一个以上的)从句组成。用来连接从句的连词是从属连词。从句附属于主句的方式有三种：

1) 相当另一个句子里的某个名词或名词词组的作用，作名词从句。

Everyone could see the truth / (that) it was true.

2) 修饰句子里的某个名词或代词，作定语从句。如：

I often see My old friends / my school friends who were at school with me.

3) 相当另一个句子里的某个状语的作用，作状语从句。如：

I met your brother ten years ago / when I came to this school. 2. 两类连词的区分与使用并列连词与从属连词的作用不同，注意不可混用。如：

不能说：*Although I was good at maths，but I was never given full marks.(although与but不能连用)

应说：Although I was good at maths，(yet)I was never given full marks.

或： I was good at maths，but/yet I was never given full marks.

不能说：*Unless you work harder，or you will fail to pass the test.(unless与or不能连用)

应说：Unless you work harder，you will fail to pass the test.

或：Work harder/you must work harder, or you will fail to pass the test.

四. 陈述句的肯定与否定

1. not及其它否定词的使用

1) 否定句一般可以由否定词not及必要的助词来构成，例如：

These exercises are not difficult.

I don't like sweets.

2) 除not以外，还有以下这些否定词，也能构成否定句：

a) never，hardly，seldom一类含否定意义的副词。如：

I have not / never / hardly (ever)/ seldom spoken to Mr. George.

I have not said anything to anybody about it.

I have spoken to nobody / no one about it.

I have said nothing to anybody about it.

I haven't any money / I have no money.

I haven't any./ I have none.

c) neither和nor，主要在以下句式中：

---I haven't spoken to Mr. George.

---Neither/Nor have I.

当用作连词时，neither要在nor之前。如：

Neither Bob nor I broke the window. We neither want nor need any help from you, thank you. b) no，none以及其它由no-构成的复合词(nothing，nobody，no one，nowhere等)。

2. 肯定变否定时的其它相应变化

肯定与否定句的区别，除了看有无否定词之外，还可能体现在其它方面，试比较： I have found some mistakes already.

I haven't found any yet?(some >>>any;already >>>yet)

I have found some mistakes，too.

I haven't found any either.(too >>>either)

五. 疑问句

1. 否定问句

1) 否定问句可由否定句变来，例如：

He doesn't eat meat.

I haven't seen him.

结构相当正规，如：

Does he not eat meat?(不能说 *Does not he...?)

Have you not seen him?(不能说 *Have not you...?)

3) 否定问句的回答要“前后如一”，不可受汉语影响犯以下这类错误：

— Doesn't he eat meat?

一Yes，he does. /No，he doesn't.

(不能说 Yes，he doesn't./No，he does.)

2. 反意疑问句的一般构成

1) 反意疑问句的一般构成是：肯定陈述，否定尾句;否定陈述，肯定尾句。要注意反问尾

句中的助词(或系动词、情态动词等)与人称代词应与陈述部分中的语法动词与主语取

得一致。例如：

Jane is your cousin，isn’t she? There is no doubt，is there?

We need to ask first，don’t we? We needn’t ask first，need we?

2) 要注意陈述部分主语后面的缩写形式 's或 'd的真实意义，以决定尾句应该选用的助动

词或系动词等。如：

He’s never met you before，has he? (He's=He has)

He’s going to tell you the truth，isn't he?(He's=He is)

You'd better go， hadn't you? (you'd =you had)

You'd rather stay， wouldn't you?(you'd =you would)

3) 要注意“否定陈述+肯定尾句”的回答必须前后一致。

You seldom go swimming in the morning，do you?

Yes，I do，/No，I don't.

3. 比较特殊的反意疑问句

有些反意疑问句的尾句构成比较特殊，应当引起注意:

Few people knew the answer，did they?(few为否定含义，后接肯定尾句。)

I'm older than you，aren't I?(I am后面的否定尾句常用aren't I?)

Pass me the newspaper，will you?(肯定祈使句用will you?)

Don't be late next time，will you?(否定祈使句后也用will you?)

Remember to lock the door，won't you?(用won't you表示请求或恳求。)

Use your head，can't you?(can't you表示不耐烦或不满的斥责。)

Let's do it by ourselves，shall we?(第一人称祈使句，we包括说话人与听话人双方。)

Let us do it by ourselves，will you?(第二人称祈使句，we只指说话人一方。)

Everybody has been told what to do，haven't they?(尽管hasn't he似乎更合语法;习惯常用 haven't they。)

Doesn't he eat meat? >>>Haven't you seen him?

2) 否定问句的开头一般都用not的缩写形式;如分开，则须将not放到主语之后，但这类

None of us knew the way，did we?(none of us作主语, 尾句中用we)

Some of you are learning Russian，aren't you?(同上句理解。)

4. 特殊疑问句

1) 两种语序：

a) 当疑问词为主语或主语的定语时，语序与陈述句相同，如：

Somebody broke the window. >>>Who broke the window?

Something broke the window. >>>What broke the window?

Somebody's window was broken. >>>Whose window was broken?

b) 当疑问词为其它成分时，则疑问词后面的语序与一般疑问句相同，如：

He was reading China Daily. >>>What paper was he reading?

I saw the film yesterday. >>>When did you see the film?

2) 要注意选择恰当的疑问词以及与之搭配的其他词语，如：

I bought a bike made in Tianjing. >>>What bike did you buy?

The new bike under the tree is mine. >>>Which bike is yours? He did his work carefully. >>>How did he do his work?

I go to the library twice a week.>>>How often do you go to the library?

He painted the desk white.>>>What color did he paint the desk?

5. 两类选择疑问句

1) 一类是以一般疑问句为基础的。如：

Do you speak French or German?

Will they come to see us or sha11 we go to see them?

Has Henry finished his breakfast or hasn't he?

2) 另一类是以特殊疑问句为基础的，可以看成是由一个Wh- 问句加上并列起来供人选择

的两个(或两个以上的)答案构成的。如：

How do you go to school every day，by bus or on foot?

When shall we set off，at six or (at)six thirty?

六. 祈使句

1. 祈使句的主语

1) 主语应为第二人称时，通常不表示出来，如：

Read after me， please. Be careful with your pronunciation. Have this seat，will you?(可加反意疑问句) Let me have a try. Let him try again. All/Everybody be here at two o'clock。(也可不用Let) 2) 行为动作的主语为第一、三人称时，祈使句通带以Let开头：

2. 祈使句的强调与否定

1) 祈使句的强调结构是在句首加Do：

Do come early next time. Do be careful! 2) 祈使句的否定是在句首加Don't： Don't ask me why. Don't be late.

Don't 1et there be too much noise.

Never buy what you cannot pay for.(也可用Never)

3. 祈使句+and/or结构

这类结构常可与含if从句的复合句相互转换：

Give h1m an inch， and he'll take a yard. (=lf you give him an inch, he'll take a yard.)

Wear your coat，or you'll catch cold.(If you don't wear your coat，you'll catch cold.) 七. 感叹句

1. What +(a/an)+adj. + n.+ 主谓

What a beautiful day it is!

What wonderful weather we are having!

1) What之后是否用a/an要看后面的名词是否可数;是单数还是复数：

What beautiful music the boy is playing!(music不可数，前面不可加a/an.) What fools they were!(fools，复数，不可加a/an) What a beautiful day!

What fools!

How hard you've been working! How time flies!

2) 在上下文清楚的情况下，感叹句中的主谓结构甚至形容词都可省略。如： 2. How + adj./adv. + 主谓!

How happy we are!

How也可修饰句中动词，如： How I miss you，my friend! 3. How+adj.+ a/an +单数名词„：

How foolish a boy he is!(= What a foolish boy he is!)

高中英语语法总结范文精选三：非谓语动词用法比较

一、不定式与动名词作主语时的比较

不定式和动名词在作主语时常常可以互换： Crying/To cry will not help you out of difficulty 但是要注意以下的几点：

1. 动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作，而不定式作主语通常表示抽象动作，而不定式做主

语通常表示具体动作。试比较：

Living in Beijing must be wonderful.(泛指行为)

He realized that to live with her any longer was wrong (具体行为) 2. 当主语被否定时，通常用不定式：

Not to have hope is the poorest of all conditions

3. 在It is important/necessary…的结构中，主语只能用不定式，不用动名词：

It is important to grasp the spirit of a foreign language in order to use it feely. It became necessary to build new factories for products never before produced 4. 在It takes+时间等+。¨的结构中，主语常用不定式：

How much cloth will it take to make a shirt?

5. 在There is no … 和It is no good …结构中，通常用动名词二、不定式与动名词作表语时的比较

不定式和动名词在作表语时常常可以互换： His job is bringing/to bring milk every day

但是，当不定式作主语时，表语用不定式;动名词作主语时，表语也用动名词。

To see is to believe. Seeing is believing.

此外，还应注意以下两点：

1. 主语是it，this，that等指示代词时，表语通常用动名词：

That was playing with fire.

2. 主语是名词时，表语较短时通常用动名词，表语较长时通常用不定式：

My favorite sport is swimming.

What I like is to swim in the sea and then to lie on the sand

三、不定式与动名词作宾语时的比较

1. 接不定式或动名词作宾语意义区别不大的动词常见的有：begin，start，continue，love，

like，propose等：

Almost all the boys like to play/playing football . 但以上的动词中有一部分在下列情况下通常用不定式作宾语：

1) 在would like/love/hate等的后面：

I'd like(love)to have a drink.

I'm starting to talk about it.

3) 当begin后接某些感觉或状态动词时：

She began to see what he meant.

2. 接不定式或动名词作宾语，意义不同的动词或词组常见的有：

1) remember/forget/regret+doing或to do sth

I must remember to ask him (指记住要做的事)

I shall always remember seeing the famous scientist (指记住己经发生过的事) Don’t forget to bring your dictionary.(不要忘记要做的事)

I will never forget meeting you here (不会忘记曾发生过的事)

I regret telling you so much (懊悔己经作过的事=I'm sorry told you so much。)

I regret to tell you that you have failed your exam(regret发生在to tell之前，=I’m sorry

to tell you…)

可见，上述用法中，动名词指己经发生的事，不定式指发生在renumber, forget或

regret以后的事。要注意：可以用动名词的完成式替代一般式;通常不用*I forgot

doing it 而说：I forgot that I had done it 或I forgot about doing it.

2) stop/go on/leave of+doing或to do sth.

They stopped smoking (停止吸烟) They stopped to smoke (停下所做的事，开始吸烟) He went on reading (继续读) He went on to read.(放下原来做的事，转而读书) He left off playing tennis (停止打网球) They left off to play tennis (离开某处去打网球) 以上stop，leave off或go on后面的不定式都不是其宾语，而是作目的状语。 3) try+to do或doing sth. He'll try to finish the work as soon as possible.

Please try putting some more salt- that might make it taste a bit better.

try to do sth.中，try是不及物动词，意思是“没法、努力、尽力”，to do sth作目的

状语;try doing sth中，try是及物动词，意思是“尝试、试一试”，看会发生什么情

2) 当这部分动词是进行时态时：

况，动名词作宾语。

4) mean+to do/doing sth.

接不定式时，意思是“有„的意图、打算。

I meant to telephone you last Friday but I didn’t have time to.

接动名词时，意为“意味着”，“就是„

This kind of illness means going to hospital.

接动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，此处也能用不定式的被动形式代换，但用动名词较为常见：

The room wants repairing ( = to be repaired)

The radio needs fixing ( = to be fixed)

6) be afraid+to do sth。或of doing sth.

接带to的不定式时，意为“不敢”做某事，“害怕”做某事： She was afraid to see you again.

接“of+动名词”时，意为“担心”或“害怕”发生某种情况： 5) need/want/require+doing(=to be done)。

I'm afraid of making mistakes when I speak English.

7) be interested+to do sth。/in doing sth。

My sister is interested in becoming a doctor.

(指她想当医生，动名词表示将要发生的事。)

My sister is interested to be a doctor。

(指她当医生后感到有意思，不定式表示已经发生的事。)

3. 除了一部分既可接不定式、也可按动名词作宾语的动词外，还有一部分动词后面只能接

不定式作宾语;另有一部分动词和成语后只能接动名词作宾语。关于这两点可以参看前面讲到的不定式和动名词条款。

四、to be done，being done或done(作定语)

不定式被动式、现在分词一般被动式与过去分词作定语时，存在时间关系上的区别。例如： The power station to be built next year will be of great benefit to the industry and agriculture of our Province.(to be built指将来 =which will be bui1t)

The power station being built now will be one of the largest in Asia.(being built=which is being built.

The power station built on the river last year has been left to our management.(built on the river指己完成 = which was bui1t on the river )

五、不定式和分词作宾语补足语时的比较

1. 在see，hear，find等一类表示感觉的动词后：

1) 不带to不定式作宾语补足语，表示其动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生，并强调动作

发生的全过程或事实： We saw the computer operate well 2) 现在分词作宾语补足语，表示其动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生，强调正在进行： We saw the computer operating very well

3) 过去分词则往往表示动作完成的状态：

We found the work of the computer done

2. 表示心理状态的动词：consider，declare， find，prove，think，know，believe，discover，imagine，judge，suppose，understand的宾语补足语一般，用 to be：

We found him to be cruel.

You surely can’t consider him to be selfish man.

篇5：高中英语语法总结精选

一、分词的基本概念

分词有现在分词和过去分词两种，主要在句中要起形容词和副词的作用。它们可以带有自己的宾语、表语、状语等。

现在分词与过去分词的区别主要表现在语态和时间关系上:

1. 在语态上，现在分词表示主动的意思，而及物动词的过去分词表示被动的意思： the moving body(运动着的物体)：the moved body(被移动的物体)。

示的动作和句中谓语动词所表示的动作几乎是同时发生的;而过去分词表示已完成的动作或己存在的状态，即它所表示的动作一般先于句中谓语动词所表示的动作：

I saw someone opening the door.

I saw the door opened.

二、分词作定语

分词或分词短语作定语，通常是说明句子中名词的，但有时也说明代词one(ones)，that (those)，some，others，anything，something等：

The girl in the next room is his sister.

Today's computers are of much greater difference those used in the past(说明those)

1. 现在分词作定语

1) 表示正在进行的动作(变为定语从句时常用进行时态)：

The man standing(=Who is standing)at the door is our new maths teacher.

2) 表示经常性动作或现在(或当时)的状态(变为定语从句时常用一般时态)：

They visited the museum lying(=which lies)nearby .

语。例如：

People wishing (= who wished)to see the film star had waited two hours outside the

cinema.

4) 除以上情况外，用定语从句比用现在分词短语作定语更好。例如：

The students who had attended the lecture were discussing it.

2. 过去分词短语作定语

1) 意指过去分词所表示的动作是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生：

Is this book written by the young man? A letter posted this morning will probably reach her tomorrow.

3) 动词wish，want，hope，know，think，believe，expect的现在分词短语常可用作定2. 在时间关系上，一般来说，现在分词表示正在进行的动作或动作的进展过程，即它所表没有一定的时间性：

I don't like to see letters written in pencil.

3. 作定语时的位置

1) 单个分词作定语，常置于被说明的词之前，不强调动作而强调某种性质或特征： The cold wind was blowing through a broken window.

2) 单个分词作定语，有时放在被说明的词之后，用来强调动作：

We have had good harvests for many years running. (我们连续多年获得丰收。)

3) 分词短语作定语时，通常位于被说明的词之后

三、分词作状语

分词及分词短语作状语，通常用来说明句中谓语动词。其位置可在句首、句子中间或句末，一般用逗号分开。放在句首的常表示时间、原因、条件;放在句末的常表示结果、方式或伴随情况等。

1. 现在分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语应该和句子的主语是一致的。

1) 作时间状语，相当子when等引起的从句：

Seeing those pictures(=When he saw those pictures)，he couldn’t help thinking of those memorable days in his hometown.

Having done their homework(=After they had done/did their homework)，they went

swimming in the lake.

如果两个动作是完全同时发生的，也常用when或while加分词这种结构： He got to know them while attending a meeting in London.

Being so poor in those days( =As they were so poor)，they couldn't afford to send the

children to school.

Not having received an answer(=As she hadn’t received an answer)，she wrote another

1etter to her parents.

必须注意：being短语作状语时，通常表示原因，意为“由于某某是„”，不能理解

为“当„的时候”。

3) 作结果状语：

They opened fire，killing one of our villagers.

2. 过去分词短语作状语，句中的主语往往是过去分词的逻辑宾语。

1) 作时间状语，相当于一个表示时间的状语从句：

Seen from the hill (=When it is seen from the hill)，our town looks 1ike a beautiful

garden.

2) 作原因状语，相当于一个表示原因的状语从句：

Born into a poor family(=As he was born in a poor family)，he got only two years of school education.

3) 说明谓语所表示的动作发生的背景或情况：

Built in 1891， the building is over 100 years Old .

四、分词作宾语补足语

2) 作原因状语，相当于一个表示原因的状语从句：

1. see/hear/watch/notice√smell/feel/observe/listen to/look at+宾语+现在分词： We watched the girl going through some of the movements they had just leaned. At this moment he noticed the teacher coming in.

2. catch/find+宾语+现在分词：

I caught Tom reading my diary and he made an apology to me for it.

We found a tree lying across the road.

3. have/get/keep/leave+宾语+现在分词：

I'll have the car waiting at the gate. Will that be all right?

Do you think you can get the radio working?

4. have+宾语+过去分词：其中have有三个不同的含义：

1) “使„被完成”(常可用get代替have)：

I'd like to have (get) my radio repaired

2) “遭受”、“经历”(不能用get代替)：

He had his watch stolen yesterday.

3) “有、拥有”：

He felt in his pocket to see if he had any money left.

5. make + oneself + known/understood/heard等过去分词：

He repeated explanations，but he couldn't make himself understood.

6. with+介词宾语+现在分词或过去分词：

They sat in the room with the curtains drawn.

With the tree growing tall，we get more and more shade.

7. like/want/wish/order/+宾语+过去分词

He won't like such questions discussed in his house.

8. find或think、feel等+宾语+changed/lost/gone/broken/come等过去分词(说明宾

语所处的状态)：

We found him greatly changed. When they entered the hall， they found the guests gone. 以上有些结构可变为被动语态，其补语形式依然不变，起主语补语的作用。

五、现在分词的完成式

其形式为：having done(主动形式)，表示这动作发生在谓语所表示的动作之前： Having arrived at a decision, they immediately set to work.

六、现在分词的被动式

其形式为：(以do为例)being done(一般式)，having been done(完成式)。

在表示一个被动动作时，如果这动作是现刻正在进行的，或是与谓语所表示的动作同时发生的，常用现在分词的被动式。这种形式可以用来：

1. 作定语：

This is one of the experiments being carried (= which are being carried) on in our lab.

2. 作状语：

Being asked to sing a song，he couldn't very well refuse.

间或用完成被动式：

The decision having been made，the next problem was how to put it into practice. (分词本身带逻辑主语the decision而构成独立主格结构充当状语)

3. 作宾语补足语：

You'll find the news being talked about everywhere.

七、不及物动词的过去分词

不及物动词的过去分词没有被动意义，而是表示主动的完成的意义：

Gone are the days when we use foreign oil.

(此句是倒装句结构，gone作表语，表示己“一去不复返了”。)

You can see some fallen leaves at the corner.

这类过去分词常见的有：fallen，come，gone, risen, grown up，returned等.

象interesting和interested一类的“使役动词”的分词在意义和用法上很容易混淆，一般可作如下区分：

1. 一部分表示“情感”，“心情”等意义的动词的现在分词有“令人/使人„的”意思，常用

来说明人或事物的特征：

The president made an inspiring speech at the meeting yesterday.

2. 它们的过去分词有“感到/觉得 „”的意思，用来指人的感觉：

这类容易混淆的分词常见的有：encouraging — encouraged; exciting— excited;interesting — interested;astonishing — astonished;disappointing — disappointed;inspiring — inspired;puzzling — puzzled;surprising — surprised;shocking — shocked;discouraging — discouraged;pleasing — pleased;tiring - tired;worrying — worried;satisfying — satisfied;moving — moved; 八、容易混淆的现在分词和过去分词

篇6：高中英语语法总结精选

一、动名词作主语

1. 一般置于句首：

Reading English is easier than speaking it.

2. 有时也可以用it作形式主语，而把动名词放在谓语动词之后。 It will be nice seeing them again.

这类句子结构常见的还有：

1) It’s no use…;It is no use crying over spilt milk.

2) It's no good…;It is no good feeling self——satisfied over your first success. 3) Is it any good…? Is it any good trying to exp1ain? 4) It's a waste of time…;It's a waste of time arguing about it. 3. 动名词还可以在There is no„句子结构中做主语： There is no asking him to come now.He is busy.

这种句子中的动名词常带有宾语，其句型含义相当于It is impossible to do„

二、动名词作表语

连系动词常与动名词连用，一起构成复合谓语：

Our task is building China into a powerfu1 modern socialist country. 1. 作动词宾语：

This factory has stopped producing the old type of engine.

必须接动名词作宾语的动词常见的有：consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，excuse，finish， give up，cannot help(禁不住)，imagine，mind，miss，practise，put off，resist，suggest，

三、动名词作宾语

pardon，stop，allow，permit，forbid，appreciate等。

2. 作介词宾语：

在介词后面，常常用动名词作宾语，这样构成的介词短语常用作定语或状语 There are several ways of doing it.(定语) After finishing the experiments， we wrote down the results.(状语) 这样的介词短语间或作表语： I am for putting the meeting off.

须接动名词做介词宾语的成语很多，最常见的有：Insist on, think of dream of hear of

prevent…from, keep…from, stop…from, be engaged in, look forward to，depend on，

thank…for, feel like，excuse…for, aim at, devote…to, set about, spend…(in)，waste…(in),

get/be used to，be fond of be afraid of, be tired of succeed in, be interested in, feel/be ashamed of, be proud of等。

四、动名词的逻辑主语：

动名词之前可以加上一个物主代词、名词的所有格、人称代词的宾格或名词的普通格，来表示这个动名词的逻辑主语。

1. 物主代词+动名词

这种结构可置于句首，也可放在句中或句末，常可用作主语、表语、宾语或介词宾语：

His going there won't do any harm(主语)

Do you think his going there will be of any help? (主语)

What's troubling them is their not having enough food.(表语)

They insisted on my staying there for dinner.(宾语)

2. 名词的所有格+动名词

其用法与“物主代词+动名词”相同：

We all thought Tom's going there a great mistake.

3. 人称代词宾格+动名词(不能放在句首用作主语)He was angry about me not having to

leave early.

4. 名词的普通格+动名词(不能放在句首用作主语)

I don't like young people smoking. 其它情况下的动名词的逻辑主语形式

1) 如果动名词的逻辑主语是无生命的东西，就只能用普通格。

Is there any hope of your factory winning the game?

2) 如果动名词的逻辑主语是一个较长的名词词组，也只能用普通格：

Did you ever hear of a man of good sense refusing such an order?

There is no chance of that being settled.

I’m sorry. I have no idea of it being midnight. 3) 当动名词的逻辑主语是不定代词、指示代词或指时间的it时，常用其宾格：

五、动名词的否定式

1. 一般式：not doing(主动形式)：not being done(被动形式)

2. 完成式：not having done(主动形式);not having been done(被动形式)

注意：当动名词带有逻辑主语时，not应放在逻辑主语后面。如：his not seeing the film.

六、动名词的完成式

其形式为：(以do为例)having done(主动形式);having been done(被动形式)。如果动名词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，常用其完成式： He was praised for having completed thirty years of teach.

但是在forget，remember，regret等动词和apologize for，excuse…for，thank…for等成语后，经常可用动名词的一般式来代替其完成式： I remember posting (=having posted) the letter.

Excuse me for coming (=having come) late 七、动名词的被动式

其形式为：(以do为例)being done(一般式);having been done(完成式)

当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词所表示的动作的对象;当句中的主语逻辑上是动名词所表示的动作的对象时，动名词一般要用被动式(多数情况下用一般被动式代替完成被动式)： They insisted on their being treated as ordinary workers. This question is far from being settled.

篇7：高中英语语法总结

介词

I. 要点

1、介词和种类

(1) 简单介词，常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without等。

(2) 复合介词，如by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。

2、介词和其他词类的`习惯搭配关系

(1) 和动词的搭配，如agree with, ask for, belong to, break away from, care about等。

(2) 和形容词的搭配，如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at

(3) 和名词的搭配，如answer to , key to, reason for, cause of, visit to等.

3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语，这种修饰语通常有right, just, badly, all, well, directly, completely等少数几个副词。如：

He came right after dinner.

He lives directly opposite the school.

4、某些介词的意义与用法举例

(1) at, on, in(表时间)

表示时间点用at,如at four oclock, at midnight等;表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用at,如at that time, at Christmas等。

指某天用on, 如on Monday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用on,如on Friday morning, on the afternoon of September 1st 等。

指长于或短于一天的时段用in,如in the afternoon, in February, in Summer, in 等。

(2) between, among(表位置)

between仅用于二者之间，但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时，也用between, 如

Im sitting between Tom and Alice.

The village lies between three hills.

among用于三者或三者以上之间。如：

He is the best among the students.

(3) beside, besides

beside意为“在…旁边”，而besides意为“除…之外”。如：

He sat beside me.

What do you want besides this?

(4)in the tree, on the tree

in the tree 指动物或人在树上，而on the tree 指果实、树叶长在树上

(5)on the way, in the way, by the way, in this way

on the way 指在路上 in the way 指挡道

by the way 指顺便问一句 in this way 用这样的方法

(6)in the corner, at the corner

in the corner 指在拐角内 at the corner 指在拐角外

(7)in the morning, on the morning

in the morning 是一般说法 on the morning 特指某一天的早晨

(8)by bus, on the bus

by bus 是一般说法 on the bus 特指乘某一辆车

II. 例题

例1 Do you know any other foreign language____ English?

A except B but C beside D besides

解析：A、B两项except等于but，意为“除了…”，C-beside意为“在…旁边”，不符合题意。而D-besides, 意为“除了…之外，还有”。所以该题正确答案为D。该题意为：除了英语外，你还知道别的语言吗?

例2 He suddenly returned ____ a rainy night.

A on B at C in D during

解析：我们均知道，at night这一短语，但如果night前有修饰词，表具体的夜晚，则要用介词on来修饰，故该题正确答案为A。

例3 Im looking forward ____your letter.

A to B in C at D on

解析：该题正确答案为A。 look forward to 为固定搭配，意为“期望、盼望”。

篇8：高中英语语法总结

(一) 形容词和副词

I. 要点

A. 形容词

1、形容词的用法

形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的，通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补，有时还可作状语。如：

He is honest and hardworking.

I found the book interesting.

某些形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。如：

The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city.

The English like to be with their families.

多个形容词作定语修饰名词的顺序：

冠词+序数词+基数词+性质状态(描述性)+形状大小+新旧老少+颜色+国籍+材料+名词。如：

the second five interesting big new red Chinese wall papers.

2、形容词比较等级的形式

(1) 规则形式

一般说来，单音节词及少数双音节词在后加-er; -est 来构成比较级和最高级;其他双音节词及多音节词在前加more, most.如：

great-greater-greatest

busy-busier-busiest

important-more important-(the) most important

(2) 不规则形式

good (well)-better-best

bad (ill)-worse-worst

many (much)-more-most

little-less-least

(3) 形容词比较等级的用法

①表示两者的比较，用形容词的比较级+than. 如：

He is cleverer than the other boys.

This one is more beautiful than that one.

②表示两者以上的比较，用“the +形容词最高级(+名词)+of(in) …”如：

He is the cleverest boy in his class.

③表示两者是同等程度，用“as +形容词原级+as”. 如：

He is as tall as I.

I have as many books as you.

④ 越… 越…

例如：The more I learn, the happier I am.

⑤ You can never be too careful. 越小心越好

又如：You can never praise the teacher too highly.

你怎么赞扬这个老师也不过分。

⑥ I have never spent a more worrying day.

那一天是最令我担心的一天。

I have never had a better dinner.

这是我吃过的最好的一顿饭。

⑦ My English is no better than yours.

我的英语和你的英语都不怎么样。

B.副词

1、副词的种类

(1) 时间副词如：ago, before, already, just, now, early, late, finally, tomorrow等

(2) 地点副词如：here, there, near, around, in, out, up, down, back, away, outside等。

(3) 方式副词如：carefully, angrily, badly, calmly, loudly, quickly, politely, nervously等。

(4) 程度副词如：almost, nearly, much, greatly, a bit, a little, hardly, so, very等。

2、副词比较等级的用法

其用法与形容词相似，只是副词最高级前可省略定冠词。如：

Of all the boys he sings (the) most beautifully.

We must work harder.

3、某些副词在用法上的区别

(1) already, yet, still

already表示某事物已经发生，主要用于肯定句;yet表示期待某事发生，主要用于否定句和疑问句;still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，有时也可用于否定句。如：

Weve already watched that film.

I havent finished my homework yet.

He still works until late every night.

(2) too, as well, also, either

too, as well和 also用于肯定句和疑问句，too和as well多用于口语，一般放在句末，而also多用于书面语，一般放在句中与动词连用。either用于否定句和否定的疑问句，往往放在句末。如：

He went there too.

He didnt go there either.

I like you as well.

I also went there.

(3) hard, hardly

hardly意为“几乎”与hard在词义上完全不同。如：

I work hard every day.

I can hardly remember that.

(4) late, lately

lately意为“最近、近来”，late意为“晚、迟”。如：

He never comes late.

Have you been to the museum lately?

II. 例题

例1 Toms father thinks he is already ____

A high enough B tall enough

C enough high C enough tall

解析：该题正确答案是B。修饰人高用tall, 而建筑物的高用high,并且enough修饰形容词要放在形容词后面。因此该题选B。

例2 ____ the worse I seem to be.

A When I take more medicine

B The more medicine I take

C Taking more of the medicine

D More medicine taken

解析：该题正确答案为B。 “the+形容词比较级+… , the +形容词比较级+…”意为越…，越…。该句意为：吃的药越多，我的病越是加重。

例3“I havent been to London yet”.

“I havent been there ____”.

A too B also C either D neither

解析：该题正确答案为C。 A和B都用于肯定句中。D-neither本身意为否定“两者都不”，而C-either则用于否定句中，意为“也”。

例4 Mr. Smith was ____ moved at the news.

A deep B deeply C very deep D quite deeply

解析：该题正确答案为B。 A. deep用于副词时，修饰具体的深，如dig deep,而B-deeply则修饰表示感情色彩的词，如该题为deeply moved.另如deeply regret等。而D-quite和deeply均为副词，不能互相修饰。

篇9：高中英语语法总结

一.概念:

助动词是帮助主要动词构成各种时态,语态,语气以及否定或疑问结构的动词.助动词分为时态助动词和结构助动词两种.

二.相关知识点精讲:

1. 助动词be的用法

1) be +现在分词，构成进行时态。例如：

They are having a meeting. 他们正在开会。

English is becoming more and more important. 英语现在越来越重要。

2) be + 过去分词，构成被动语态。例如：

The window was broken by Tom.. 窗户是汤姆打碎的。

English is taught throughout the world. 世界各地都教英语。

3) be + 动词不定式，可表示下列内容：

a. 表示最近、未来的计划或安排。例如：

He is to go to New York next week.. 他下周要去纽约。

We are to teach the freshmen. 我们要教新生。

说明：这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法。

b. 表示命令。例如：

You are to explain this. 对此你要做出解释。

He is to come to the office this afternoon. 要他今天下午来办公室。

c. 征求意见。例如：

How am I to answer him? 我该怎样答复他?

Who is to go there? 谁该去那儿呢?

d. 表示相约、商定。例如：

We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning. 我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。

2. 助动词have的用法

1)have +过去分词，构成完成时态。例如：

He has left for London. 他已去了伦敦。

By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work. 上月未为止，他们已经完成工作的一半。

2)have + been +现在分词，构成完成进行时。例如：

I have been studying English for ten years. 我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。

3)have +been +过去分词，构成完成式被动语态。例如：

English has been taught in China for many years. 中国教英语已经多年。

3.助动词do 的用法

1)构成一般疑问句。例如：

Do you want to pass the CET? 你想通过大学英语测试吗?

Did you study German? 你们学过德语吗?

2)do + not 构成否定句。例如：

I do not want to be criticized. 我不想挨批评。

He doesn't like to study. 他不想学习。

In the past, many students did not know the importance of English.

过去，好多学生不知道英语的重要性。

3) 构成否定祈使句。例如：

Don't go there. 不要去那里。

Don't be so absent-minded. 不要这么心不在焉。

说明：构成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。

4)放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气。例如：

Do come to my birthday party. 一定来参加我的生日宴会。

I did go there. 我确实去那儿了。

I do miss you. 我确实想你。

5)用于倒装句。例如：

Never did I hear of such a thing. 我从未听说过这样的事情。

Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English. 进了大学以后，我们才认识到英语的重要性。

说明：引导此类倒装句的副词有never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well等。

6)用作代动词。例如：

---- Do you like Beijing? --你喜欢北京吗?

---- Yes, I do. --是的，喜欢。(do用作代动词，代替like Beijing.)

He knows how to drive a car, doesn't he? 他知道如何开车，对吧?

4. 助动词shall和will的用法

shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时。例如：

I shall study harder at English. 我将更加努力地学习英语。

He will go to Shanghai. 他要去上海。

说明：在过去的语法中，语法学家说shall用于第一人称，will 只用于第二、第三人称。现在，尤其是在口语中，will常用于第一人称，但shall只用于第一人称，如用于第二、第三人称，就失去助动词的意义，已变为情态动词，试比较:

He shall come. 他必须来。(shall有命令的意味。)

He will come. 他要来。(will只与动词原形构成一般将来时。)

5.助动词should, would的用法

1)should无词义，只是shall的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一人称。例如：

I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week. 我昨天给他打电话，问他我下周干什么。

比较：“What shall I do next week?” I asked. “我下周干什么?”我问道。

可以说，shall变成间接引语时，变成了should。

2) would也无词义，是will的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，用于第二、第三人称。例如：

He said he would come. 他说他要来。

比较：“I will go,” he said. 他说：“我要去那儿。”变成间接引语，就成了He said he would come。原来的will变成would，go变成了come.。

6. 短语动词

动词加小品构成的起动词作用的短语叫短语动词。例如：

Turn off the radio. 把收音机关上。(turn off是短语动词)

短语动词的构成基本有下列几种：

1)动词+副词，如：black out;

2)动词+介词，如：look into;

3)动词+副词+介词，如：look forward to。构成短语动词的副词和介词都统称为小品词

篇10：高中英语语法总结

一.概念:

情态动词是表示能力,义务,必须,猜测等说话人的语气或情态的动词.

二.相关知识点精讲:

1.can

1)表能力

can表能力时意味着凭体力或脑力或技术等可以无甚阻力地去做某事。

I can climb this pole. 我能爬这根杆子。

He is only four , but he can read. 他只有4岁，但已认得字了。

Fire can’t destroy gold. 火烧不毁金子。

因为can不能和其他助动词连用，所以表示将来式时用will be able to

You will be able to skate after you have practiced it two or three times.

你练习两三次后就会溜冰了。

2)表可能性

多用于否定与疑问结构中，但也可用在肯定句中。

Can the news be true? 这消息可能是真的吗?

It can’t be true. 它不可能是真的。

What can he possibly mean? 他可能是什么意思?

can 用在肯定句中表示理论上的可能性(一时的可能)。

A horse in the center of London can cost a lot of money.

Attending the ball can be very exciting.

The road can be blocked. 这条路可能会不通的。

may 在肯定句中表示现实的可能性。

The road may be blocked. 这条路可能不通了。

3)表示允许(和may意思相近)常见于口语。

Can (May) I come in ? 我能进来吗?

Can I smoke here ? 我可以在这里抽烟吗?

2.could的用法

1)表过去的可能和许可，(多用于间接引语中)

At that time we thought the story could not be true.

那时我们认为所说的事不可能是真的。

Father said I could swim in the river.

爸爸说我可以在河里游泳。

2)表过去的能力

I could swim when I was only six.

我刚六岁就能游泳。

Could在肯定句中表示过去的能力时，常表抽象的一般的能力。

He could be very naughty when he was a child.

他小时候会是很顽皮的。

3)表“允许”。可表示委婉客气的提出问题或陈述看法

Could I use your bike?

Yes, you can.

他会记得那时吗?

I’m afraid I couldn’t give you an answer today.

恐怕我今天不能回答你。

The teacher said you could go to the store for sweets.

老师说你可以去商店买糖。

3)Could/can+have done 结构表示对过去发生的事情的“怀疑”或“不肯定”。 could 加完成式还用于肯定句时一般表过去可能完成而却未完成的动作。

Can they have won the basketball match?

他们赢了那场篮球赛吗?

What you referred to just now can have made her very sad.

你刚刚所谈到的可能令他很伤心。

You could have completed the task a little earlier.

你本来能早点完成任务的。(但事实上并没有提前完成任务)

I could have passed my examination easily but I made too many stupid mistakes.

我本可以轻易通过考试，但我犯了太多不该犯的错误。

如表具体做某一件事的能力时，则须用 be able to .

He was able to translate the article without a dictionary.

他可以不用词典翻译那篇文章。

Can表示一贯的能力，be able to表示客观能力和通过努力可以达到的能力

I can’t swim. But I am sure I will be able to swim through more practicing.

The fire spread through the hotel, but everyone was able to get out

When the boat sank he was able to swim to the bank

3.may 的用法

1)表示请求、可以、允许。

You may drive the tractor. 你可以开那台拖拉机。

2)当回答由may 引起的问题时，否定答语要用must not,表示“不许可”、“不应该”、“不行”。

May I come in?

Yes, you may.

No,you can’t

No, you may not .

No ,you mustn’t

No ,you’d better not.

3) may /might 推测性用法可能

He may be right.

He may not come today (可能不)

He may /might come tomorrow.

, 注意: 1只用于肯定和否定句中,不用于疑问句中。

2 might 比may可能性更小

He might get a job.

He may get a job.

3 may no 可能不 can not不可能

He may not come

He can’t come

3)表建议(可和as well 连用)

You may(might)as well stay where you are.

你还是原地待着好。(may as well 有“还是……的好”的含义)

4)表祝愿

May you be happy!

might

1)表过去的“可能”和“允许”多用于间接引语。

She said that he might take her dictionary.

她说他可以拿她的词典去用。

除在间接引语中外，might一般不表示过去的“可能”与“许可”。表过去的“可能”可用could，表过去的“许可”可用were (was) allowed to。

2)表现在的“可能”，其可能性要比may小。

Electric irons could be dangerous; they might give you a severe shock.

电熨斗会有危险，它可能电着人。

3)may (might) + have +done 表示对过去发生行为的推测，含有“想必”、“也许是”的意思。

It may have been true. 这事也许是真的。

He might not have settled the question. 他可能尚未解决那个问题。

4.must 的主要用法。

1)表示必须、必要

We must do everything step by step .我们必须按部就班地做一切事情。

Why must you always bother me? 为什么你偏要打扰我呢。

2)must be + 表语的结构，通常表示猜测，含有“一定”之意。(只用在肯定句中)

He must be an honest boy. 他一定是个诚实的男孩。

This must be your room. 这一定是你的房间。

3)must 的否定式有两个：当回答由must引起的问题时，否定答复要用needn’t或don’t have to 表示“不必”、“无须”、“用不着”、“不一定”的意义。当表示“不应该”、“不许可”、“禁止”时，就用must not。

Must I go tomorrow?明天我必须去吗?

Yes, please.是的，请吧!

No , you needn’t. 不，你不必去。

4)must +have +过去分词的结构，常用在肯定句中，表示对过去发生行为的推测，含有“一定”、“准是”的意思。否定和疑问句用can。

She must have studied English before.她以前一定学过英语。

5.have to的含义与must是很接近的,只是have to 比较强调客观需要，must着重说明主观看法。

I must clean the room.(主观想法)

I have to clean the room.(客观需要)

另外，have to 能用于更多时态：

We had to be there at ten .我们得在十点钟到那里。

We will have to reconsider the whole thing.

这一切我们将不得不重新加以考虑。

have to 的否定式：don’t have to do 表示“不必做……”之意。

6.ought to 的用法

Ought to 后接动词原形，表义务，但不及must 那样具有信心，如：

You don’t look well. You ought to go to see the doctor.

你气色不好，应该去看病。

Ought to 用于否定句，其否定形式可缩略为oughtn’t ，如：

You oughtn’t to smoke so much. 你不应该抽这么多烟。

也可以用于疑问句，如：

Ought you to smoke so much?你应该抽这样多烟吗?

Ought to 在间接引语中表过去时形式不变，如：

He said you ought to tell the police.

他说你应该去报告警察。

7.shall的用法

1)用于第一人称征求对方的意见，如：

What shall I wear on the journey? 我路上穿什么好呢?

Shall we dance? 我们跳舞好吗?

2)shall 用于第二、三人称时表允诺，警告，命令，威胁(现已少见)，如：

She shall get her share. 她可以得到她的一份。

You shall have it back tomorrow.你明天可以将它拿回。

情态动词should一般不应被认为是情态动词shall的过去式，主要用法有：

1)用于第一人称疑问句中询问对方的意愿，但语气较委婉温和，如：

What should we do now? 我们现在该怎么办?

2)表示应该、必须，常与must 换用。例如：

We should (must) master a foreign language at least.

我们应当至少掌握一门外语。

3)“should+be+表语”的结构，表示推测或惊奇。例如：

They should be back by now. 他们现在应该回来了吧。

I am sorry that she should be so careless. 我感到遗憾她竟会那样粗心。

4)“should+have+过去分词”的结构，表示过去该做而实际上尚未做的动作或行为;其否定则表示发生了不应该发生的行为。其同义结构“ought to have +过去分词”,表示过去“早应该”、“本当”之意，语气较强。例如：

I should have thought of that. 这一点我是应当想到的。(但没想到)

They should not have left so soon.他们不应当走得这么早。(但已走了)

5) 在“It is natural (strange, natural, necessary, surprised, impossible, important ) that……”句型中，主语从句中的谓语动词要用should +动词原形”表示“理所当然”、“奇怪”、“必要”、“惊异”等的意思。在lest(以免)、for fear (that) (以防)、in case(以备万一)等之后也要用should+动词原形;在advise, sugest, order, demand, request 等的从句中should+do”例如：

It is necessary that he(should) be sent there at once.

有必要马上派他到那里去。

It is strange that he should say so. 他会说这样的话真是奇怪。

Let us go at once lest we should be late for the train.

我们马上走吧，以免赶不上火车。

8..will和would的用法

1)表示意志，决心或愿望。例如：

Surely we will support all the people in the world in their struggle for peace.

我们一定要支持全世界人民争取和平的斗争。

He would not let me try it . 他不肯让我去试。

2)will表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性，would表示过去的习惯行为。

He will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.

他会经常一连几个小时坐在那儿观看来往的车辆。

He would come to see me when he was in Beijing.

他在北京时，常来看望我。

3)用于第二人称作主语的疑问句中，表示对对方的请求，would的语气比will委碗

Would/will you kindly tell me the way to the station? 请问到火车站怎么走?

4)表可能性

This will be the book you are looking for.

这可能就是你要找的书。

She eould be about 60 when she died.

他死时大概60岁。

9. need和dare的用法

情态动词need 实义动词 need

现 You need (not) do You (don’t) need to do

在

时 He need (not) do He needs (doesn’t need) to do

过 You needed (didn’t need) to do

去

时 He needed (didn’t need) to do

将 You need (not) do You will (not) need to do

来

时 He need (not) do He will (not) need to do

句型时态动词

情态动词dare 实义动词 dare

肯定句现在时 dare to 少用 dare/dares to do

过去时 dare to 少用 dared to do

否定句现在时 daren’t/dare not do do/does not dare (to) do

过去时 dared not do did not dare (to) do

疑问句现在时 Dare he do? Do you/Does he dear (to) do?

过去时 Dared he do? Did he dare (to) do

needn’t have v-ed 表示过去做了某事，但没有做的必要，意为“本没必要…”。例如：

You needn’t have waken me up; I don’t have to go to work today

10.表推测的情态动词句子的反意疑问句

He must/may be in the room, isn’t he?

He can’t be in the room, is he?

He must have finished the work, hasn’t he?

He may have done the work last night, didn’t he?

：情态动词+行为动词进行式

情态动词+行为动词进行式(即情态动词+ be + v-ing形式)，表示推测或评论某动作现在是否正在进行。例如：

1)He must be playing basketball in the room.

2)She may be staying at home.

11.情态动词+行为动词完成进行式

情态动词+行为动词完成进行式(即情态动词+ have been + v-ing 形式)，表示推测或评论过去某动作是否正在进行或一直在进行。例如：

1)They should have been meeting to discuss the problem.

2)He may / might have been buying stamps in the post office when you saw him.

12.used to +v, be used to +v-ing和be used to +v

(1)used to +v意为“过去常常”，“过去一直”;be used to +v-ing / n(名词)意为“习惯于”;be used to +v意为“被用来(做某事)”。

(2)used to只表示过去，而be used to +v-ing / n可表示现在、过去或将来。例如：

1)He used to smoke. Now he doesn’t.

2)He’s quite used to hard work / working hard.

3)The knife is used to cut bread.

13.用作情态动词的其他短语

would rather, would sooner, would (just) as soon, had rather, had better, had sooner, can not but, may (just) as well等可用作情态动词。例如：

1)The soldier would sooner die than surrender.

2)The brave soldier would as soon die as yield to such an enemy.

3)I’d rather walk than take a bus.

4)If you don’t like to swim, you may just as well stay at home.

注：这些短语后一般直接跟动词原形.would (had) rather, would (had) sooner, would (just) as soon后可跟that 引导的从句，that 常省去，从句要用虚拟语气。对现在和将来的假设用过去时，对过去的假设用过去完成时。例如：

1)I would rather you came on Sunday.

2)I would sooner you hadn’t asked me to speak yesterday.

篇11：高中英语语法总结

一.概念:

分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种,是一种非谓语动词形式

二.相关知识点精讲:

1.现在分词的用法：

1) 做表语：

he was very amusing.

that book was rather boring.

很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语：

exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling.

2) 作定语：

上面所出现的现在分词都可以用作定语, 修饰一个名词：

that must have been a terrifying experience.

i found him a charming person.

现在分词短语还可以放在名词的后面修饰名词, 相当于一个定语从句：

there are a few boys swimming in the river.

there is a car waiting outside.

3) 作状语：

现在分词短语可以表示一个同时发生的次要的或伴随的动作：

following tom, we started to climb the mountain.

opening the drawer, he took out a box.

taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door.

现在分词短语还可以表示原因, 相当于一个原因状语从句：

not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.

being unemployed, he hasn’t got much money.

现在分词短语还可以表示时间, 相当于一个时间状语从句：

hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.

returning home, he began to do his homework.

jim hurt his arm while playing tennis.

be careful when crossing the road.

having found a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner.

having finished her work, she went home.

4)作宾补：

现在分词在一些动词之后可以做宾语的补语：

例如, see, hear, catch, find, keep , have 等.

i see him passing my house every day.

i caught him stealing things in that shop.

i smelt something burning.

she kept him working all day.

2.过去分词的用法：

1) 作表语：

we were so bored that we couldn’t help yawning.

she felt confused, and even frightened.

they were very pleased with the girl.

i’m satisfied with your answer.

he is not interested in research.

2) 作定语：

she has a pleased look on her face.

the teacher gave us a satisfied smile.

cooked food a written report

fried eggs boiled water

frozen food armed forces

required courses fallen leaves

finished products a forced smile

the risen sun new arrived visitors

what’s the language spoken in that country?

they’re problem left over by history.

the play put on by the teachers was a big success.

is there anybody injured?

do you know the number of books ordered?

3)作状语：

seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent.

given good health, i hope to finish the work this year.

they came in, followed by some children.

depressed, he went to see his elder sister.

when treated with kindness, he was very amiable.

4)作宾补：

过去分词也同样可以作宾语的补语，接在某些动词后面

i will have the clothes washed tomorrow.

when they get back home, they found the room robbed.

看过高中英语语法的相关知识的人还看了：

篇12：高中英语语法总结

高中英语语法总结

一、不定冠词

不定冠词a，an与one同源，表示微弱的一的概念，但并不强调数目，用来表示不确定的人或事物。

A用在辅音前，而不是辅音字母前;an用在元音前，而不是元音字母前。

a university in Asia

1.表示同类中的任何一个

A cat has nine lives.

2.表示泛指的某人、某物

I know a John Lennon，but not the famous one.

3.表示数量的

He has a daughter.

4. 表示单位数量的每一

I earn 10 dollars an hour.

5.表示相同的

The two birds are of a color.

6. 用于集体名词前

He grows up in a large family.

7. 在某种情况下可用于抽象名词和物质名词前

China has a long history.

二、定冠词的用法

1.表示特定的人或物

2.表示地球、宇宙中独一无二的事物

主要指各种天体及世界上比较有影响的物体。 The sun，the moon，the earth

3.表示地点、方向、时间、方式等 at the corner 在拐角处

1) 在表示季节的名词前常不用冠词。 In spring 在春天

2) 具体某年的某个季节，需用冠词。 In the summer of the year

3)用于序数词或形容词的最高级前 the first the second

4)用于形容词前使其名词化 the rich the poor

5)用于复数姓氏前，表示―夫妇‖或全家 The Smiths

6)用于乐器名词前 Play the piano

7)用于by+the+计量单位名词 By the pound

1. 用于复数名词前

复数名词泛指某类人或物时，其前通常用零冠词。 Students should obey the school rules. 学生应该遵守校规。复数名词若需特指，则要加定冠词。 The students are too lazy. 这些学生太懒。

2. 用于不可数名词前

不可数名词表示泛指时，其前通常用零冠词。如： Bread is made from flour. 面包是用面粉做的。

Wood is a poor conductor of sound. 木头是声音的不良导体。不可数名词若需特指，则要加定冠词。

He sawed the wood into three pieces. 他把木头锯成三块。

3.用于专有名词前

在通常情况下，专有名词前要用零冠词。如：

Mr Smith is our English teaches us English. 史密斯先生教我们英语。在特殊情况下，若专有名词需要特指，也可加定冠词。如： The Smith you‘re looking for no longer lives here.

4. 用于抽象化的可数名词前

有些可数名词抽象化后表示表示的活动，其前通常零冠词。 Jim has gone to bed. 吉姆已上床睡觉了。

She goes to church every Sunday. 她每周星期天都去做礼拜。

这类主要涉及bed， church， class， college， school， university， work， hospital， prison， market， sea， town等。另外，这类名词前用不用冠词有时与英美英语的表达习惯有关。如：―住院‖在英国英语中通常说成 in hospital，而在美国英语中则通常说成in the hospital;类似的还有go to university (英)上大学 / go to the university (美)上大学;at table (英)在吃饭 / at the table (美)在吃饭。

5. 用于职务及头衔前

当表示职务及头衔的名词用作表语、补足语及同位语时，其前通常用零冠词。如： Wilson became President of the U. S. A. 威尔逊当了美国总统。 He will be made captain of the football team. 他将被选为足球队队长。

6. 在表示学科、语言、三餐、月份、季节、节假日、星期等名词前，通常用零冠词。

We are all interested in physics. 我们大家都对物理感兴趣。

7. 用于某些固定结构中

go to sea 去当水手 at home 在家 at night 在晚上 at least 至少

at most 至多 at first 首先 at last 最后 in bed 在床上

on foot 步行 face to face 面对面

第二章代词

高考中对代词的考查主要集中在人称代词(主要是其中的it)、关系代词、指示代词和不定代词上。

一、it的用法 1.作人称代词

John likes playing Ping pong./ He always does it in the afternoon.(指代上下文提到的事物); /It's time we went home. / How far is it from here to your home ? / It is getting warmer and warmer./ It's very quiet at the moment.(可指时间、天气、环境等) 2.引导词

A.作形式主语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正主语。

It's important for us to learn a second language./ It's no use talking to him./ It's known to all that the earth goes round the sun.

B.作形式宾语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正宾语。

We feel it our duty to help others./ He made it clear that he would leave the city. C.强调结构：It is (was) +被强调部分+that (或who)…

注意：在强调结构中，如被强调部分为时间状语或地点状语，其后的连接词也绝不能为when 或where，而应用that 。在复习中，一定要注意句式的不同。 It was in Shanghai that I bought the guitar.(that引起强调句) It was Shanghai where I bought the guitar.(where引起定从)

It was twelve o'clock when we arrived there.(when引起时间状语从句) It was at twelve o'clock that we arrived there.(that 引起强调句)

3. it，one，that 的区别：作为代词，这三个词的对比使用是高考的热点之一。 —Why don't we take a little break? —Didn't we just have __________? A.it B.that C.one D.this

The Parkers bought a new house but _________will need a lot of work before they can move in. A.they B.it C.one D.which

one 用以指代同类事物中的任一，that 特指性强，指代可数与不可数词，而it指代上文提过的同一事物。

二、关系代词

who，whose，whom，which，that，as

1)which可以引导非限定性定语从句，代表前面整个句子的内容，并且在从句中做主语 2)that的用法 1)不用that的情况

a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。 b) 介词后不能用。

We depend on the land from which we get our food. We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.

2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。

b) 在不定代词，如：anything， nothing， the one， all， much， few， any， little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。

c) 先行词有the only， the very修饰时，只用that。 d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。. e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。

举例：

All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。

Finally， the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。

3) as的用法

AS作关系代词，用来引导定语从句：限制性定语从句和限非制性定语从句一、AS引导限制性定语从句

AS引导限制性定语从句时，通常和such， the same， as(so)等连用，构成such...as/such as， the same...as/the same as， as(so)...as等结构，在从句中可作主语，宾语和表语。

1.such...as/such as意为―...的那种...，像那样的‖，such...as/such as引导限制性定语从句时，既可指人，也可指物。such用于名词之前时，具有形容词性质;such单独使用(即后面不接名词)时，具有代词性质。

Don‘t trust such men as praise you to your face.(as作主语) 不要相信那种当面吹捧你的人。

You should read only such books as you can understand without much difficulty.(as作宾语) 你应当只读那些你读起来不太难懂的书。

Associate with such as will improve your manners.(as作主语) 要和能改善你的言行的那种人结交。

2.the same...as/the same as意为―与...同样的‖，和such一样，the same既有形容词作用，又有代词性质。

We have arrived at the same conclusion as they have.(as作宾语) 我们已得出和他们同样的结论。

比较：the same...as和the same...that不同，前者是―同那一个相似‖，后者是―正是那一个‖。如：

This is the same watch as I lost. 这同我丢的那块表一样。

This is the same watch that I lost? 这正是我丢的那块表。

3.as(so)...as意为―和...一样‖，后接由many， much等修饰的名词或由形容词修饰的单数名词，注意其语序为as(so)+adj.+a+n+as，如： It‘s as pleasant a film as I have ever seen. 这是一部和我以往看的同样好的电影。

As many soldiers as marched were killed. 很多游行的战士都被杀了。

注意：such ...as与such...that ，so...as与 so...that的区别： that是连词，引出结果状语从句，在从句部分不作成分;as是关系代词，引出定语从句，在从句中可作主语，宾语和表语。比较： He is such a nice boy that everyone likes him. He is such a nice boy as everyone likes.

It is so difficult a problem that nobody can work it out. It is so difficult a problem as nobody can workout.

二、AS引导非限制性定语从句

AS引导非限制性定语从句时，通常指的不是主句中的某一个名词(先行词)，而是指整个主句表达的内容，对主句所作的陈述进行附加说明，意为―这...，如...或正如...‖。这种从句可位于主句之前，之中或之后。

As we all know， Taiwan belongs to China. Taiwan， as we all know， belongs to China. Taiwan belongs to China， as we all know. 注意下面的习惯用法：

as is well discussed 正如已讨论过的

as is often said 正如通常所说 as is often the case 通常就是这样 as has been pointed 正如所指出的那样 as has been said before 如上所述 as often happens 如同经常所发生的那样 as might be expected正如所料 as is well known to all众所周知

在多数情况下，从句中的谓语助动词可以省略 as explained before 如前面所解释的 as mentioned above 如前面所提到的 as shown in the figure 如图所示 as seen from the table 从表中可以看出 as already discussed 正如已讨论过的三、不定代词

一) . some 与 any 的用法

1. some 用于肯定句以及表示建议或期待得到肯定回答的问句。修饰单数名词时，意为某个。如：

I have some questions about the assignment. (希望得到肯定答复)。

2. any 用于否定句和疑问句时，表示一些。用于肯定句时，只和单数名词或不可数名词连用，表示任何。如：

The medicine is on sale every where. You can get it at any chemist?s. 二) . each 与 every 的用法

1. each 强调个体，表示两个或两个以上中的每一个，在句中可充当主语、宾语、定语和同位语。如：

There are trees and flowers at each side of the road.

2. every 强调整体，表示三者或三者以上中的每一个，只能作定语，不能说 every of them ，要说 every one of them .

Every student in our class works hard. 三 . no one 与 none 的用法

1. no one 意为没有人，只能指人，不能指物，不可与介词 of 连用，谓语动词用单数形式，回答 who 引导的问句。如： Who is in the classroom? No one.

2. none 既可指人，也可指物，强调数量，意为一点也不，一个也不;谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数;常与 of 连用，通常指三者以上的人或物中没有一个，回答 how much 和 how many 引导的问句。如：

They were all tired， but none of them would stop to have a rest. 四 . other， another， others， any other， the other 的用法

1. other 表示泛指，意为另外的、其它的。常与复数名词或不可数名词连用。如果其前有 the， this， some， any， each， every， no， one 以及形容词性物主代词时，其后就可接单数名词。如： I have no other place to go.

2. another 常用于指三者或三者以上中的另外一个，泛指单数。可单独使用，也可后接名词。如果其后接复数名词，则表示又、再、还。如： This cap is too small for me. Show me another (one)。 We need another three assistants in our shop.

3. others ：它是 other 的复数形式，表示泛指，意为别的人或物，但不指全部。特指时在其前加定冠词;前面可加任何限定词以及数量词。如： He has more concern for others than for himself.

4. any other 表示一个之外的其他任何一个，而不是两个之中的另一个。如： China is larger than any other country in Asia.

5. the other ：表示两者中的另外一个。可单独使用，也可接单数名词。如： No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to the other.

五. all 与 both 的用法均表示都，但 all 表示三者以上的人或物， both 则表示两个人或物。二者都表示肯定意义，如果与 not 连用时，则表示部分否定。

六 . neither 与 either 的用法都可用于表示两个人或物。 neither 表否定意义，意为(两者中的每一个)都不;而 either 表肯定意义，意为(两者中的每一个)都。都可单独使用，也可同介词 of 连用。如： Both teams were in hard training; neither willing to lose the game. Do you want tea or coffee? Either. I really don't mind.

somebody和someone的区别

这两个字都是有人、某人的意思，一般可以通用，例如：Someone/Somebody must have told him.一定有人告诉了他。Somebody比someone较常用于口语。

someone用法

音标：bai英['s?mw?n]美['s?mw?n]

释义：pron. 有人，某人

短语

tease someone开某人玩笑

Complimenting Someone称赞时；称誉时

Contradicting Someone反驳他人时；批驳别人时

someone pron某人；有人；或人；有名气的人

Someone Painting有人正在画画

例句

1、Someone ripped off my wallet.

有人偷了我的钱夹子。

2、Someone came out with a most useful suggestion.

有人提出了一个非常有益的建议。

3、Hearing someone come in, he hid himself behind the curtain.

听见有人进来了，他一闪身藏在了窗帘的后面。

4、Someone stole a painting from the museum.

有人从博物馆盗走了一幅画。

5、Do you hear someone holler?

你听到有人在喊叫吗?

2somebody用法

音标：英['s?mb?d?]美['s?mb?di]

释义：

n. 大人物；重要人物

pron. 有人；某人

短语

Grab Somebody

summon somebody召集某人

molest somebody非礼

call somebody给某人打电话

例句

1、I heard somebody skirling.

2、Somebody is knocking on the window.

wish跟从句一定要用虚拟吗

wish一般是用虚拟的。但是有时候也不用，当你觉得wish的内容不是那么遥不可及的时候就不用虚拟了。可以用一般语气，也可以用虚拟，看强调哪方面。

wish的用法

1、用于wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。

其宾语从句的动词形式为：真实状况wish后从句动作先于主句动词动作现在时过去时(be的过去式为were)从句动作与主句动作同时发生过去时过去完成时(had + 过去分词)将来不大可能实现的愿望将来时would/could+动词原形。

I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一样高。

2、Wish to do表达法。Wish sb / sth to doI wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager.I wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.)

虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略,再把were, should 或had 移到从句句首,实行倒装。

注意：

在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用“were”，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。

If I were you, I would go to look for him.如果我是你,就会去找他。

If he were here, everything would be all right.如果他在这儿,一切都会好的。

篇13：高中英语语法总结

高中英语语法总结归纳

1.as...as...引导的比较级：

(1)“as +形容词或副词原级+as+被比较对象”结构。例句： He studies as hard as you. 他像你一样学习努力。

(2)在否定句或疑问句中可用 not so…as…. 例句：He can notrun so/as fast as you. 他没你跑得快。

2.only引导的倒装句型：only +状语 (或状语从句)位于句首时，句子部分倒装。

例句： Only by diligence and honesty can one succeed inlife. 只有勤奋、正直，一个人在生活中才能成功。

注意：但 only修饰主语时，不倒装。例句： Onlythat girl knew how to work out the problem. 只有那位女生知道怎样解那道题。

3.wish引导的虚拟语气：wish 后面的从句，当表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望时，其宾语从句的动词形式为：

⑴表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句动词用过去式或过去进行式表示，be 的过去式用were.

I wish I knew the answer to the question. 我希望知道这个问题的答案。(可惜不知道。)

⑵表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词用had +过去分词。

I wish (that) I hadn’t wastedso much time. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。( 实际上已经浪费掉了。)

⑶表示对将来的主观愿望：谓语动词形式为“would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形”。在这种情况下，主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同，因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿(非动作名词除外) 。

I wish it would stop raining. 但愿雨能停止。

注意：若wish 后的宾语从句中用 would，可以表示请求，通常意味着说话人的不快或不满。

例句：I wish you would be quiet. 我希望你安静一些。

4.it形式宾语：和it 作形式主语一样, 我们常用it 来作形式宾语, 把真正的宾语从句放在句末, 这种情况尤其出现在带复合宾语的句子中。

例句：He has made it clear that he will not give in. 他表明他不会屈服。

5.The+比较级，the+比较级表示“越......越......”。

例句：The more scared we are, the stronger the difficultywill become.我们越害怕困难，困难就会变得越强大。

6. 宾语从句：一般疑问句做宾语，引入if或whether

例句： I want to know if he will join us in thediscussion?

7. 原因状语从句：since引导的

例句： Don’t eat too much sugarsince it is bad for your health.

8. 否定词前置倒装：scarcely...when...

例句： Scarcely had he arrived at home when it began torain.

9. If虚拟条件句

10. 宾语从句：放在介词后面，作介词的宾语。

例句：I know nothing about him except that he used towork in Shanghai.

11.状语从句省略(分词作状语)：从句的主语和状语从句的主语一致，状从省略采用分词作状语。

例句：(Because) being short of money, we can’t afford a TV set. =Because we are short of money, we can’t afford a TV set.

12.并列句：由and,or , but连接的两个句子成为并列句。

13.省略句 /倒装：so/系动词/助动词/情态动词 +sb 表示“前者情况适用于后者”。

例句：You are a student, so am I.

14.定语从句 who引导的限定性定从。

例句：Do youremember the girl who taught us English ?你还记得教我们英语的那个女孩吗?

15.宾语从句：whether的用法。

例句：I wonder if/whether it is going to rain tomorrow.

16.不定式做定语。

例句：Theonly way to solve our problems will continue to be rejected.

17.原因状从：now that的用法。now that 表示 “既然”。与 since 的不同之处在于，now that 引出的必须是一个新出现的事实或情况，如果依然如故，和过去相比并没有变化，则不用 now that 引导。

例句：Now that we have all the materials ready, we shouldbegin the new task at once.既然我们把所有材料都准备好了，我们应该立刻开始这项新的工作。

18. 原因状从：for的用法。由because 引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用并列连词 for 来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用 for。

例句：He is absent today, because/for he is ill. 他今天没来，因为他生病了。

19. 原因状从：as 的用法。

例句：The Singapore passengers begin to decrease as otherairlines spread their operating range.

20. 同位语从句：Iwant to know the answer to this question who will be our next president.原因状从： in that的用法。

例句：Privatization is thought to be beneficial in that itpromotes competition. 私营化的优点在于能促进相互竞争。

21. 不定式：不定式做目的状语。

例句：Weget up very early to catch the first bus.

22.同位语从句：同位语从句在句中作A同位语，对被修饰名词的内容予以解释说明。同位语的特点是：抽象名词在前，表达具体内容的从句在后。常见的名词包括： assumption假定/belief看法/ conclusion结论/ doubt怀疑等。

例句：The suggestion that we should develop the natural resources in theregion has been discussed. 关于我们应该开发本地区资源的建议已经讨论过了。

23.现在完成时：表示过去延续到现在的动作或状态。具体来说，这种用法是表示开始于过去的动作一直持续到现在，而且还可能继续持续下去。谓语动词一般为延续性动词。

例句：An old woman walked out into the middle of the street. The policemanyelled to her, “Don’t you knowwhat it means when I hold up my hand?” The lady said, “Sure I do. I have been a schoolteacher for 28 years now.” 一个老妇人走到了马路中央，这时，一位交警朝着她嚷道：“我都把手举起来了，你难道还不知道什么意思吗?”老太太说：“我当然知道，我都做了28 年的老师了。”

24. 时间状从：not…until… 用法。

例句：The students didn’t stop talking until the teacher came in.

25. it做形式主语，句子做逻辑主语：如果主语太长，常用代词 it 作形式主语，将真正的主语从句置于句尾，以保持句式的平衡。

例句：It makes no difference what you read or study ifyou can’t remember it. 如果你记不住，那么你读什么或者学什么都不重要了。

26. 现在分词短语作状语：

(1)现在分词作时间状语。例句：There areseveral things to consider when buying fresh foods. 当购买新鲜食品时，有几个事情要考虑。

(2)现在分词作条件状语。例句：Working hard,you will succeed. 如果努力工作，你将会成功。

(3)现在分词作伴随状语。例句：All night longhe lay awake, thinking of the problem. 他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。

(4)现在分词作方式状语。例句：Please answerthe question using another way. 请用另一种方法回答问题。

(5)现在分词作原因状语。例句：Not knowingher address, I can’t write to her.由于不知道她的地址，我没法给她写信。

(6)现在分词作结果状语。例句：Possessing a car gives a much greater degree ofmobility, enabling the driver to move around freely. 拥有汽车使机动程度更高，使司机能自由自在地往来各地。

(7)现在分词作让步状语。例句：Although working from morning till night his fatherdidn’t get enough food.虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命干，但是还是挣不够吃的。

27. 情态动词表推测

(1)对现在、将来情况的推测，用情态动词+动词原形

对现在、将来情况的肯定推测：must+动词原形

对现在、将来情况的否定推测：can’t +动词原形

对现在、将来情况的可能推测：may/might +动词原形

例句：What is he doing?

He must be sleeping./He can’tbe reading./ He may/might be reading but I’m not sure.

(2)对过去情况的推测，用情态动词+have donesth.

对过去情况的肯定推测：must+have done sth.

对过去情况的否定推测：can’t +have donesth.

对过去情况的可能推测：may/might +have done sth.

例句：It must / may / might / have rained last night. Theground is wet.

The door is locked. He cannot / may ( might ) not havebeen at home.

28. 部分倒装：否定词前置

(1)hardly/scarcely…when…

例句：Hardly had she gone out when a student came tovisit her.她刚一出门，一个学生就来拜访她。

(2)no sooner…than…

例句：No sooner had the game begun than it began to rainheavily.比赛刚一开始就下起了雨。

29. 动词 ing 形式作独立主格结构：逻辑主语和主句主语不一致时采用。

例句：Time permitting, we will go for a picnic tomorrow.(=f time permits, we will go for apicnic tomorrow.) 如果时间允许，我们明天会去野餐。

30. so...as to 结构：表示“如此......以至于......”。

例句：The girl was so excited as to shout herself hoarse.那个女孩兴奋得喊哑了嗓子。

31. even if 引导的让步状语从句：“即使”。

例句： Even if we achieve great success in our work, weshould not be proud.即使我们在工作中取得了巨大成绩，也不应该自满。

32. when 引导的状语从句

(1)when可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用。

例句：Why do you want a new job when you’ve got such a good one already?(get为短暂性动词)你已经找到如此好的工作，为何还想再找新的?

when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生。

例句：When he had finished his homework，he took a short rest.(finished先发生)当他完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。

When I got to the airport，theguests had left.(got to后发生)当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离开了。

33. that 引导的宾语从句

名词从句作动词宾语时，前面的that常被省略，特别是在非正式语体中。

例句：I suggested (that) they should drive along thecoast. 我建议他们沿着海岸开车。

I hoped (that) I would / should succeed. 我曾希望我会成功。

34. which 引导的主语从句。

例句：Which book they will choose is still unknown. 他们将选择哪本书仍然不被人知。

35.过去完成时和过去将来时

(1)过去完成时(past perfect tense)：强调的是过去某一动作或状态发生在另一动作前或过去某个时间常常用到的时态，或指在过去某个时间段已经发生的事情，它就是过去的过去。

①表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的某种影响或结果，用来指定在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的一个事件。

②过去某动作一直持续到现在将来可能还要延续下去。句中的动作发生在过去之前(过去的过去)，即过去完成时动作发生在过去的过去。例句： He said he had been to Beijing twice. 他说他已经去过北京两次。

(2)过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。即:过去将来时是“立足过去,着眼未来”的一种时态, 常用于宾语从句中。判断这种时态的依据是:要有表示过去的“动作”, 而不是时间。例句：I heard that they were going toreturn to Shanghai soon. 我听说他们不久要回到上海。

36. there be句型：表示的是 “某处有(存在)某人或某物”，其结构为There be (is，are，was, were )+名词+地点状语。例句：There are fifty-two students in our class. 教室里有52个学生。

如何区分join与join in

Join和join in是英语学习中非常容易混淆的点，许多人在应用过程中经常会出错。其实只要掌握其中的技巧，就非常好区分。下面小编就为大家详细解释一下join和join in如何使用。

Join和join in的基本词义

join

英 [d???n]美 [d???n]

vt.& vi.连接；联结；加入；参加

vt.结合；参与；上（火车、飞机等）；上（路）

n.连接；结合；接合处；接合点

例句

1.I know you willjoinme in wishing them Godspeed.

我知道你会同我一起祝愿他们诸事顺遂的。