新GRE逻辑阅读练习题精选整合

时间：2023年10月18日

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下面小编为大家整理了新GRE逻辑阅读练习题精选整合，本文共5篇，欢迎阅读与借鉴!本文原稿由网友“karen”提供。

篇1：新GRE逻辑阅读练习题精选整合

In the early 1950‘s, historians who studied preindustrial Europe (which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800) began,for the first time in large numbers, to investigate more 5 of the preindustrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political and social elite: the kings, generals, judges, nobles, bishops, and local magnates who had hitherto usually filled history books. One difficulty, however, was that few of the remaining 10 97 percent recorded their thoughts or had them chronicled by contemporaries. Faced with this situation, many historians based their investigations on the only records that seemed to exist: birth, marriage, and death records. As a result, much of the early work on the 15 nonelite was aridly statistical in nature; reducing the vast majority of the population to a set of numbers was hardly more enlightening than ignoring them altogether. Historians still did not know what these people thought or felt.

20 One way out of this dilemma was to turn to the records of legal courts, for here the voices of the nonelite can most often be heard, as witnesses, plaintiffs, and defendants. These documents have acted as “a point of entry into the mental world of the poor”. Historians 25 such as Le Roy Ladurie have used the documents to extract case histories, which have illuminated the attitudes of different social groups (these attitudes include, but are not confined to, attitudes toward crime and the law) and have revealed how the authorities 30 administered justice. It has been societies that have had a developed police system and practiced Roman law, with its written depositions, whose court records have yielded the most data to historians. In Anglo-Saxon countries hardly any of these benefits obtain, but it has 35 still been possible to glean information from the study of legal documents.

The extraction of case histories is not, however, the only use to which court records may be put. Historians who study preindustrial Europe have used the records to 40 establish a series of categories of crime and to quantify indictments that were issued over a given number of years. This use of the records does yield some information about the nonelite, but this information gives us little insight into the mental lives of the 45 nonelite. We also know that the number of indictments in preindustrial Europe bears little relation to the number of actual criminal acts, and we strongly suspect that the relationship has varied widely over time. In addition, aggregate population estimates are very 50 shaky, which makes it difficult for historians to compare rates of crime per thousand in one decade of the preindustrial period with rates in another decade. Given these inadequacies,it is clear why the case history use of court records is to be preferred.

(473 words)

4. The author suggests that, before the early 1950‘s,most historians who studied preindustrial Europe did which of the following?

(A) Failed to make distinctions among members of the preindustrial European political and social elite.

(B) Used investigatory methods that were almost exclusively statistical in nature.

(D) Confined their work to a narrow range of the preindustrial European population.

(E) Tended to rely heavily on birth, marriage, and death records.

5. According to the passage, the case histories extracted by historians have

(A) scarcely illuminated the attitudes of the political and social elite

(B) indicated the manner in which those in power apportioned justice

(D) been considered the first kind of historical writing that utilized the records of legal courts

(E) been based for the most part on the trial testimony of police and other legal authorities

6. It can be inferred from the passage that much of the early work by historians on the European nonelite of the preindustrial period might have been more illuminating if these historians had

(A) used different methods of statistical analysis to investigate the nonelite

(B) been more successful in identifying the attitudes of civil authorities, especially those who administered justice, toward the nonelite

(C) been able to draw on more accounts, written by contemporaries of the nonelite, that described what this nonelite thought

(D) relied more heavily on the personal records left by members of the European political and social elite who lived during the period in question

(E) been more willing to base their research on the birth, marriage, and death records of the nonelite

7. It can be inferred from the passage that a historian who wished to compare crime rates per thousand in a European city in one decade of the fifteenth century with crime rates in another decade of that century would probably be most aided by better information about which of the following?

(A) The causes of unrest in the city during the two decades

(B) The aggregate number of indictments in the city nearest to the city under investigation during the two decades

(D) The mental attitudes of criminals in the city, including their feelings about authority, during each of the decades under investigation

(E) The possibilities for a member of the city‘s nonelite to become a member of the political and social elite during the two decades

答案：D/B/C/C

篇2：新GRE逻辑阅读练习题整合

In the 1750‘s, when salons were firmly established in France, some English women, who called themselves ―Bluestocking,‖ followed the example of the salonnieres (French salon hostesses) and formed 5 their own salons. Most Bluestockings did not wish to mirror the salonnieres; they simply desired to adapt a proven formula to their own purpose—the elevation of women‘s status through moral and intellectual training. Differences in social orientation and back- 10 ground can account perhaps for differences in the nature of French and English salons. The French salon incorporated aristocratic attitudes that exalted courtly pleasure and emphasized artistic accomplish-ments. The English Bluestockings, originating from a 15 more modest background, emphasized learning and work over pleasure. Accustomed to the regimented life of court circles, salonnieres tended toward formality in their salons. The English women, though somewhatpuritanical, were more casual in their approach. (139 words)

3. According to the passage, a significant distinction

between the salonnieres and Bluestockings was in the

way each group regarded which of the following?

(A) The value of acquiring knowledge

(B) The role of pleasure in the activities of the literary salon

(D) The inclusion of women of different back-grounds in the salons

(E) The attainment of full social and political equality with men

4. The author refers to differences in social back-ground between salonnieres and Bluestockings in order to do which of the following?

(A) Criticize the view that their choices of activities were significantly influenced by male salon members

(B) Discuss the reasons why literary salons in France were established before those in England

(D) Refute the argument that the French salons had little influence over the direction the English salons took

(E) Explain the differences in atmosphere and style in their salons

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply

5. Which of the following statements is most compatible with the principles of the salonnieres as described in the passage?

□A Devotion to pleasure and art is justified in itself.

□B Men should be excluded from groups of women‘s rights supporters.

□C Women should aspire to be not only educated but independent as well.

答案：B/E/A

篇3：新GRE逻辑阅读练习题整合

The use of heat pumps has been held back largely by skepticism about advertisers‘ claims that heat pumps can provide as many as two units of thermal energy for each unit of electrical energy used, thus apparently contradicting the principle of energy conservation. (43 words)

6. If the author‘s assessment of the use of heat pumps is correct, which of the following best expresses the lesson that advertisers should learn from this case?

(A) Do not make exaggerated claims about the products you are trying to promote.

(B) Focus your advertising campaign on vague analogies and veiled implications instead of on facts.

(D) Do not assume in your advertising that the prospective clients know even the most elementary scientific principles.

(E) Concentrate your advertising firmly on financially relevant issues such as price discounts and efficiency of operation.

答案：C

篇4：新GRE逻辑阅读练习题整合

All of Francoise Duparc‘s surviving paintings blend portraiture and genre. Her subjects appear to be acquaintances whom she has asked to pose; she has captured both their self-consciousness and the spontaneity of their 5 everyday activities, the depiction of which characterizes genre painting. But genre painting, especially when it portrayed members of the humblest classes, was never popular in eighteenth-century France. The Le Nain brothers and Georges de La Tour, who also chose such 10 themes, were largely ignored. Their present high standing is due to a different, more democratic political climate and to different aesthetic values: we no longer require artists to provide ideal images of humanity for our moral

edification but rather regard such idealization as a falsifi15 cation of the truth. Duparc gives no improving message and discreetly refrains from judging her subjects. In brief, her works neither elevate nor instruct. This restraint largely explains her lack of popular success during her lifetime, even if her talent did not go completely unrecognized by her eighteenth-century French contemporaries.

7. According to the passage, modern viewers are not likely to value which of the following qualities in a painting?

(A) The technical elements of the painting

(B) The spontaneity of the painting

(D) The degree to which the painting realistically depicts its subject

(E) The degree to which the artist‘s personality is revealed in the painting

8. If the history of Duparc‘s artistic reputation were to follow that of the Le Nain brothers and Georges de La Tour, present-day assessments of her work would be likely to contain which of the following?

(A) An evaluation that accords high status to her work

(B) Acknowledgement of her technical expertise but dismissal of her subject matter as trivial

(C) Agreement with assessments made in her own time but acknowledgements of the excep-tional quality of a few of her paintings

(D) Placement of her among the foremost artists of her century

(E) A reclassification of her work as portraiture rather than genre painting

9. Select the sentence in the passage in which the author indicates that aesthetic judgments can be influenced by the political beliefs of those making the judgment.

答案：C /A / their present high standing is ...

篇5：新GRE逻辑阅读练习题整合

Flatfish, such as the flounder, are among the few vertebrates that lack approximate bilateral symmetry (symmetry in which structures to the left and right of the body‘s midline are mirror images). Most striking among 5 the many asymmetries evident in an adult flatfish is eye placement: before maturity one eye migrates, so that in an adult flatfish both eyes are on the same side of the head. While in most species with asymmetries virtually all adults share the same asymmetry, members of the 10 starry flounder species can be either left-eyed (both eyes on the left side of head) or right-eyed. In the waters between the United States and Japan, the starry flounder populations vary from about 50 percent left-eyed off the United States West Coast, through about 70 percent 15 left-eyed halfway between the United States and Japan, to nearly 100 percent left-eyed off the Japanese coast. Biologists call this kind of gradual variation over a certain geographic rang a “cline\" and interpret clines as strong indications that the variation is adaptive, a 20 response to environmental differences. For the starry flounder this interpretation implies that a geometric difference (between fish that are mirror images of one another) is adaptive, that left-eyedness in the Japanese starry flounder has been selected for, which provokes a 25 perplexing questions: what is the selective advantage in having both eyes on one side rather than on the other? The ease with which a fish can reverse the effect of the sidedness of its eye asymmetry simply by turning around has caused biologists to study internal anatomy, 30 especially the optic nerves, for the answer. In all flat fish the optic nerves cross, so that the right optic nerve is joined to the brain‘s left side and vice versa. This crossing introduces an asymmetry, as one optic nerve must cross above or below the other. G. H. Parker 35 reasoned that if, for example, a flatfish‘s left eye migrated when the right optic nerve was on top, there would be a twisting of nerves, which might be mechanically disadvantageous. For starry flounders, then, the left-eyed variety would be selected against, since in a 40 starry flounder the left optic nerve is uppermost. The problem with the above explanation is that the Japanese starry flounder population is almost exclusivel left-eyed, and natural selection never promotes a purely less advantageous variation. As other explanations 45 proved equally untenable, biologists concluded that there is no important adaptive difference between left- eyedness and right-eyedness, and that the two characteristics are genetically associated with some other adaptively significant characteristic. This 50 situation is one commonly encountered by evolutionary biologists, who must often decide whether a characteristic is adaptive or selectively neutral. As for the left-eyed and right-eyed flatfish, their difference, however striking, appears to be an 55 evolutionary red herring. (456 words)

10. According to the passage, starry flounder differ from most other species of flatfish in that starry flounder

(A) are not basically bilaterally symmetric

(B) do not become asymmetric until adulthood

(D) have both eyes on the same side of the head

(E) tend to cluster in only certain geographic regions For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply

11. The author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about left-eyedness and right-eyedness in the starry flounder?

□A They are adaptive variations by the starry flounder to environmental differences.

□B They do not seem to give obvious selective advantages to the starry flounder.

□C They occur in different proportions in different locations.

12. According to the passage, a possible disadvantage associated with eye migration in flatfish is that the optic nerves can

(A) adhere to one another

(B) detach from the eyes

(D) stretch

(E) twist

13. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage as a whole?

(A) A phenomenon is described and an interpretation presented and rejected.

(B) A generalization is made and supporting evidence is supplied and weighed.

(D) A series of observations is presented and explained in terms of the dominant theory.

(E) A hypothesis is introduced and corroborated in the light of new evidence.

答案：C/BC/E/A

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