托福综合写作0到5分评分标准中文详解

今天小编就给大家整理了托福综合写作0到5分评分标准中文详解，本文共5篇，希望对大家的工作和学习有所帮助，欢迎阅读!本文原稿由网友“cszzzz”提供。

篇1：托福综合写作0到5分评分标准中文详解

仅仅是从阅读中抄句子，拒绝针对话题写作，或所写和话题根本无关系，或用其他语言写作，或文中只包括无意义的键盘符号，或是什么也不写。

提高托福写作实战速度的四个方面

托福实战考试速度取决于四个层面：

一是打字速度

其实我丝毫不怀疑学生对键盘的熟悉程度，因为绝大部分人中文聊天时速度已经超神了。那为什么英文就是打不快呢?答案很简单，大家熟悉的是中文拼音的排列组合，很容易反映出这个声母后面跟着的是哪个韵母，这个韵母后面又该跟哪个声母。

而英文就不行，考生对英文单词的陌生感远远超出了自己的想象，所以模考时总能看到他们不停地思考，不停地删除重打，时间也就随之流逝。

我的建议是，每天半小时，电脑左右两边各一word文档，左边是英文材料，从词汇到句型到段落到篇章，右边是空白文档。先边看边打，再试着把左边遮去，这样反复操练，既提升了速度，又巩固了词句，提升了语感，说不定还能顺便背下几个好的段落。

二是“模板”

一个好的模板毫无疑问能够帮助大家节省时间。但我几乎从来不会给学生一个英文模版让他去背，然后考试直接往里填单词。这样做的危害实在太大了。首先对学生写作能力提升来说这是一个很不负责任的做法。其次对提分来说更不现实，因为ETS考官甚至包括E-rater(电脑阅卷)都很容易识别出模板举行，而且模版属于别人，与你的写作风格和用词习惯格格不入，这不是简单地填几个单词就能解决的。

我所强调的是一个“思维模版”。你在写作前需要对议论文开头主体结尾段中地每一部分你需要往哪个方向写和想表达什么意图掌握得非常清楚。拿开头为例，我上课会提到很多方法，比如时间对比，经历描述，引言，数据，背景，设问等等。这个考生只需大概了解，因为实际考试只有一个开头，你不需要掌握所有方法，但要用精其中一种。

有的考生会把自己的“思维模板”到每句话，如开头句话写大背景，第二句话由大背景过度到解题关键词，第三句话让步分析反方理由加列举现象，第四句话引出自己观点。他就会在平时练习中反复训练这种模式，所以考试的时候能保持一个异常清晰地思路，从而节省大量思考徘徊时间。

三是理由

我常常讲英文写作不好的，中文写作也不见得会好。托福独立写作虽然话题简单，却考察着学生较强的问题地解释和分析能力，虽然不需要有多深刻，但一定要具体有道理。为自己的观点想理由成了很多考生头疼的问题，要么是想不出来，要么就是解释的没有逻辑没有条理。

从长远看，多阅读和多思考，多参加一些能锻炼思辨能力的活动是非常有效的途径。但如果想短期提升思考速度，就必须掌握一些常见问题的常规思考角度。

我在上课时会给学生归纳一些常见地破题角度，举个例子，一旦碰到“给钱”这个话题，我往往建议考生先分两个大角度：给钱者和被给钱者。给钱者之所以出钱，对自身有好处，第二对方值得我给。对自身的好处又可分为两点来讨论，一是实的，二是虚的。

如果这个“给钱者”是政府国家，“实”就成了税收、三大产业、就业、基础设施等角度，“虚”就成了形象、面子、精神、美等角度。其他还可以细分，在这就不便多讲。考生只要掌握一种破题方法，自然能够举一反三，迅速想出理由，提高解题速度。

四是材料

材料就是文章的内容，下面也会提到一些，这里只说一点，考生一定要有一个自己的材料库，哪怕是编的，平时编好总胜过临场发挥。有人会说我没有例子，我会回答这是不可能。托福写作题目是有它自身的合理性，它能保证任何一个有过生活学习经历的人都能完整地写出一篇好作文。

在这里大家不要担心自己的事例故事不够新颖不够深刻，托福写作重点考察的是学术环境下的语言交流，而不是阅读量和思想的深刻性。只要你能把观点表达清楚，证明清楚，具体用什么证明根本不重要，合理即可。

托福考试综合写作的能力要求

我们先简单摘要综合作文题的题目要求中的若干重点信息.

Read a passage about an academic topic and listen to a lecture about the same topic写作考试前,考生需要阅读一篇250单词左右的文章和听一篇相同题材类似长度的听力材料;

A question about the relation between the lecture and the reading passage考生需要书写一篇文章以说明该阅读材料和听力材料之间的关系;

Use information from the reading passage and the lecture but no personal opinion考生在写作过程中应合理的使用听力和阅读材料中的信息并不得加入个人的意见和观点;

Be judged on the quality of your writing and on the completeness and accuracy of the content考生文章的优劣评判将基于其行文的质量和文章内容的完整和准确性.

篇2：托福综合写作0到5分评分标准中文详解

仅仅是从阅读中抄句子，拒绝针对话题写作，或所写和话题根本无关系，或用其他语言写作，或文中只包括无意义的键盘符号，或是什么也不写。

托福写作：写作中的重点

“粗粮”

“粗粮”即一类人、物或事、抑或是一个公认事实的例子，说白了就是多数人都能认可的信息。学生在寻找这类例子的时候比较轻松，在观点中找出可以继续细化的重点信息，进行”narrow down”的工作。请看以下两个例子：

观点1：Employers are willing to pay a premium for highly qualified applicants.

例1：For example, international companies desire bilingual employees and offer higher salaries to attract them.

分析： 观点中employers 和qualified applicants是相对空泛的两组词，并且构成因量和变量的关系，即应聘者的素质将随着公司性质及要求的变化而不同。例1中international companies 是employers中的一种类型，由于是跨国公司或涉外企业，就很有可能对外语有一定的要求，不难想象， highly qualified applicants 就相应体现为bilingual employees。

观点2：Easier-prepared food has greatly improved the way people live.

例2：Supermarket provides meat and vegetable clean and neat, some of them may even have relevant ingredients and need only a few minutes to be made into a delicacy.

分析：照着“粗粮”选例的思路，我们就会去寻找本句中可以分类的一些词。很明显，Easier-prepared food可以具体到很多种食物，超市的冷冻食物，冷藏区的半成品等。同样，这种食物对不同的食客(people)也会产生不同的影响：男人做饭的积极性提高了，女人的负担减轻了，孩子的独立性也提高了。

“粗粮”很好用，可以建立“面”对“线”的关系，营养成分高，但需要注意不能太空洞，同时也要控制量，适可而止，否则会使读者“消化不良”。

“细粮”

“细粮”就是具体到一个人、一个物抑或一件事，可以是具体存在，也可以无中生有。这类例子更加鲜活，要求思维活跃;如果同学们的知识面够广，又能灵活联系，那么写起来会更加得心应手。

一方面，这类例子可以是关于普通人的，包括身边的人和自己，像你我的经历都可以往上搬嘛，但要注意能明显突出主题，论证观点;个人的例子“宁缺毋滥”。

观点3：Poor life brings people rich experience.

分析：对于现如今的孩子来说，从自身方面找同感，有点难，毕竟他们中有很大一部分没有过过苦日子，于是没有这方面的切身体会;但是父辈们的一句话总是在他们耳边响起，“你们现在啊，比我们那时候幸福多了!”接下来的“想当年”之类的教训就是我们可以引用的鲜活的例子。例3：My father knows what it means to live for twenty years in houses without a bathroom or running water, which makes him cherish more about the present life. 这样写就很贴切，很自然。

另一方面，此类例子当然也可以是名人，包括健在的和去世的，流行的和过气的，东方的和西方的，名人的例子比较容易引起共鸣。

观点4：You can not judge a person only by his or her appearance.

例4：Susan Boyle is one of those. Such an appearance has long been rumored, but her incredible voice and her stunning performance on BGT has won her great popularity.

分析：如果用个大家都听说过的人或事，更容易引起共鸣，更加具有说服力。近期比较典型“人不可貌相”的例证中，相信有不少人对“英国达人秀”走出来的Susan大妈并不陌生。怎么样，很鲜活很养眼吧。有些同学的例子比较枯燥，一看到文学就举莎士比亚，一讲到科学就说爱迪生，一提到成功人士就想到比尔?盖茨。这种例子有时非但不能起到论证的效果，反而容易引起人们的反感，因为太呆板了。如果一定要用旧例，为规避风险，则应该从一个不同的角度切入——要推陈出新。旧例在翻新的时候要有亮点。

此外，“细粮”的无中生有就是假设论证，和数学论证方法相类似。这种举例方法让读者看到未来，想到过去，从而联系现在。最常见的开头为if，supposing等。

观点5：Individuals play a significant role in alleviating traffic congestion.

例5：If 30 people get on a public bus instead of 30 individual cars, there will be far fewer automobiles on the road, greatly easing the traffic burden.

分析：假设一定数量的个体共同开展减缓交通压力的行动，能够获得多大的效益——这是要说服个人加入到这个行列中来的重要理由。相反，如果没有人或很少有人采取同样的行动，后果将变得多么严重——这才是人们形成紧迫感和责任感的关键所在。

“细粮”很生动，可以建立“面”对“点”的关系，读者容易理解，但也要注意不能松散，要跟主题紧密相关(to the point)，否则宁缺毋滥。

托福写作：考试新闻类词汇

请看《中国日报》的报道：

Longtime exposure to particulate matter especially the particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) which can go directly to the alveoli of the lungs, is a major health hazard.

专家称，长时间呼吸空气中的颗粒物，特别是直径小于2.5微米的可入肺颗粒物(PM2.5)对人体健康危害很大。

文中的PM2.5就是指“可入肺颗粒物”，PM的英文全称为particulate matter(微粒物、悬浮微粒)，PM2.5就是指大气中直径小于或等于2.5微米的颗粒物，可直接进入人体的alveoli of the lungs(肺泡)，也称为“可入肺颗粒物”，它的直径还不到人头发丝粗细的1/20。PM2.5主要来自vehicle exhaust(机动车尾气尘)、燃油尘、硫酸盐、餐饮油烟尘、建筑水泥尘、煤烟尘和硝酸盐等。

PM2.5粒径小，这种fine particles(细微颗粒)富含大量的toxic and harmful substance(有毒、有害物质)且在大气中的停留时间长、输送距离远，因而对人体健康和大气环境质量的影响更大。今后，使用PM2.5 measurement(PM2.5标准)进行air quality monitoring(空气质量监测)正成为全球趋势。

近来很火的词PM2.5是指大气中直径小于或等于2.5微米的颗粒物，也称为可入肺颗粒物。我们希望更加严格的空气标准将揭示更多的环境危害，提高公众的意识。

China’s environmental authorities are to implement new air quality standards which will now measure some of the smallest and most damaging particles in the air. In many cities, the public are being consulted over the introduction of the new standards ，which will find out just how clean the air really is.

中国的环境部门将执行新的空气质量标准，将测量空气中一些最小、伤害最大的颗粒。在许多城市，民众正被询问到新标准的引进，这将了解到空气实际上有多纯净。

Smog in Beijing. Smog in Shanghai. Smog in Hangzhou - During recent months, dense pollution has frequently blanketed many cities in China. Sometimes visibility drops to less than 1 kilometer, causing serious traffic jams, flight delays and highway closures.

北京的烟雾。上海的烟雾。杭州的烟雾——最近几个月，浓度大的污染经常笼罩着中国的城市。有时，能见度下降到1千米以下，引发了严重的交通阻塞，航班延误和公路关闭。

It has also raised public awareness of the issue. Ma Jun has been conducting environmental research since the mid 1990s and in , he founded his own NGO in Beijing.

它也提高了这个问题的公共意识。马军从上个实际90年代中期就开始进行环境研究，，他在北京成立自己的非政府组织。

The Ministry of Environmental Protection’s newly published air quality standard includes monitoring of PM2.5 - a kind of air particle with a diameter of 2.5 microns or less. These particulates are small enough to penetrate human lung tissue, causing severe health problems. The revised standard is now open for public input and will take effect from .

环保局新近发布的空气质量标准包括了PM2.5的监测——PM2.5是一种直径等于或小于2.5微米的空气颗粒。这些颗粒足够小，能进入人的肺组织，引发严重的健康问题。新修改的标准现在开放公众投入，从开始生效。

Responding to the new air quality standard, several cities, including Shanghai and Nanjing, announced that they are preparing pilot programs that will start to monitor and publish PM 2.5 levels soon. Experts believe that the monitoring results in some cities might not initially meet international standards.

作为对新的空气质量标准的响应，包括上海、南京在内的一些城市宣布，他们正在准备试点计划，很快将开始监测、发布PM2.4水平。专家认为，一些城市的监测结果开始可能达不到国际标准。

Stricter air standards will reveal more environmental hazards and raise public awareness, which should certainly help the government’s aim of providing cleaner, healthier air.

更加严格的空气标准将揭示更多的环境危害，提高公众的意识，这无疑有助于政府提供更清洁、更健康的空气的目标。

篇3：托福独立写作0到5分评分标准全面

仅仅是从题目中抄句子，拒绝针对话题写作，或所写和话题根本无关，或用其他语言写作，或文中只包括无意义的键盘符号，或是什么也不写。

总而言之，考生想要实现作文提分目标，了解评分标准可谓是关键一步，因此本文内容还请大家认真学习记熟，为托福独立写作高分作文打好基础。

托福考试作文独立写作范文：自主阅读和老师布置阅读任务哪个更重要

Agree or disagree: students do reading by their own is as important as or more important than the reading teachers assigned.

写作范文参考:

Reading is a process of procuring knowledge and the ways of reading vary for students between reading on their own and reading as told by their teachers. As for me, it will be more beneficial to read books in line with students’ wishes.

For one thing, students should read what they are curious about and can find interests in, which can find wide application among college students in particular. In order to hone one’s talents and crafts with specific purpose, college students will find the more practical books to read to strengthen their competence for their future competing with other rivals in the job market. Take Steve Jobs as an example. After attending the college just for a few months, he couldn’t figure out how the college life would help him in the future except for imposing his working family enormous financial pressure.Then, he decided to drop out so he could stop taking the required classes and reading the assigned reading materials that did not interest him and began dropping in on the ones that looked interesting. Finally, the last several months for his college life turned out to be priceless later on since he took a calligraphy class and read the relative books, the knowledge of which had been applied to produce the first computer with beautiful typography. Evidently, part of Steve Job’s accomplishments can prove how essential for students to read by following their own curiosity and intuition.

For another thing, students can be more absorbed in the books that they like. To be more specific, compared with the assigned papers or articles, students’ incentive can be more stimulated by reading what they like. For instance, the prevailing notion of children’s education is that they should develop their own interests by reading what can intrigue their inquisitiveness or stimulate their imagination. Therefore, there is a voice coming out today that more freedom needs to be given to primary school students so that they can read some more interesting books like the science-fiction novels or tales and etc. Besides, too much focus on cultivating students’ academic abilities and the ignorance of developing their overall qualities will lead to the development of elites with less morality. Obviously, the benefits of reading books by students themselves and the detriment of just reading as assigned by teachers can tell us how important to give students’ rights to choose what they read.

Admittedly, reading what teachers assigned can be of also importance. In other words, teachers will be familiar with which area students should be improved to achieve better academic performance. For instance, teachers will require students to engage in extensive reading to increase students’ reading ability. However, it can not be the reason to regard reading as students wish as inferior because students can better improve their reading ability by being absorbed in what they like most.

To conclude, students should enjoy the rights to decide what they read.

托福写作范文：时代差异

Every generation of people is different in important ways. How is your generation different from your parents' generation? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your answer.

Generational differences have always happened throughout history but some differences have come more rapidly and widely in the modern era because in part of technological and social changes. There are obvious differences between generations with respects to such matters as musical tastes, fashion trends, educational systems, cultures, lifestyles, politics and even attitudes toward sexual activities. It is particularly interesting to compare our generation with our parents' generation in subjects related to work and family.

Let's begin with the generation X as our generation, coming after the generation “baby boomers.” The mainstream Xers are mostly not as workaholic as their parents when younger. The reduced number of working hours is just one example. While the boomers are good team players and love the social interaction at work, their offspring's are more skeptical, stressing personal merits instead of antiquity. Unlike their previous generation, however, the younger generation is more inclined to change jobs or have parallel careers, if only for financial reasons. On the other hand, they demand more time for themselves, their families and friends. Boomers are relatively more conservative in comparison with their more liberal sons and daughters who are looking for more work-life balance.

Along with the reduced working time, the size of family has gradually been reduced, one-child or two-child program becoming more common. It used to be larger families among boomers. Our generation allows formal marriages and co-habitations to exist side by side. An increasing percentage of divorces and separations have appeared in our generation than in our parents' generation. More young women work and parenting has become a problem of the family. Teen-age pregnancy without a ring is no longer a scandal as was in our parents' generation. Pre-marital sex was considered dirty when air and water were cleaner in our parents' generation, and in the generations before them.

Our parents' generation, in particular, has a complaint to make. They say when they were younger, there was no respect for youth. Now that they are old, there is not respect for age. If this could be justified, what would become of our children's generation. The millennial will have little patience. The new reality in generational differences would certainly surprise our parents' generation, let alone the generation before them, the era of “veterans”.

篇4：托福独立写作0到5分评分标准全面

仅仅是从题目中抄句子，拒绝针对话题写作，或所写和话题根本无关，或用其他语言写作，或文中只包括无意义的键盘符号，或是什么也不写。

总而言之，考生想要实现作文提分目标，了解评分标准可谓是关键一步，因此本文内容还请大家认真学习记熟，为托福独立写作高分作文打好基础。

托福写作开头句解析

1. 采用统计数字引出话题，把问题呈现在读者面前;

2. 提出有争议性的问题，激发读者兴趣，使其积极参与讨论;

3. 以新颖的观点，吸引读者注意力;

4. 呈现该话题正反方的观点;

5. 引用名人名言、谚语等作为文章的开头;

6. 对将要讨论的话题进行定义。

其次，要善于运用复合句，从而使引言段简洁明了，开宗明义。下面我们将探讨雅思与新托福各种题材和体裁文章引言段的写作方法。 引用数据呈现讨论的话题，说明问题的严重性或者重要性，引起读者的关注。下面我们结合几道雅思和新托福作文话题进行实战演练。

我们在写关于体罚的话题文章时，可以这样开头：It is reported that a boy in Zhuhai was beaten to death by his father on Father' Day. Ample evidence also shows that children who are frequently abused by their parents or teachers tend to be introverted, pessimistic, indifferent and even world-weary. Recently, there has arisen a fierce argument on whether corporal punishment should be abolished. Teachers, parents and experts take diverse attitudes towards this issue.(据报道，在父亲节那天，珠海有个小男孩被老爸揍死了。充分的证据也显示，经常遭父母或老师虐待的小孩往往比较内向、悲观、冷漠甚至厌世。近来，关于是否应该废除体罚出现了一场激烈的争论，老师、家长和专家各执一词。)

而我们在写关于该不该禁烟的话题时，可以这样开头：A recent study conducted by Zhongshan University has found that the number of smokers has been increasing sharply over the past five years. Research findings also reveal that the incidence of smoking-related conditions has soared. As a result, the ban on smoking has been in the spotlight. (中山大学最近做的一个研究表明，在过去五年里，吸烟者人数急剧上升。研究结果同时显示，吸烟导致的疾病发病率也急剧增长。因此，禁烟成了个热点话题。)

托福写作：必备习语

在托福写作中取得高分的奥妙是什么呢?大家可以想想看，如果我们作为考官，看见两份由国外的考生所完成的中文写作，一份语言平平，通篇没有亮点之处。而另一篇则是妙语连珠，恰当地使用了几句成语，我们会认为哪一位考生的中文能力更有说服力呢?答案是不言而喻的。

被中国人称为“西方成语”的“英语习语”向来被看作是西方文化的代表之一。它以其精练、短小、幽默、风趣且富于哲理性的特征而广泛地被英、美国家的人们所接受并被广泛应用于人们的日常生活交际、报刊、杂志以及电视广播媒体之中。作为传承、记载文化与语言的基本工具之一，它在英、美国家人们的日常生活中起着举足轻重的作用。在英语行文中适当地使用习语不但可以避免千篇 一律的表达，而且可以成为考官加分的重要因素。

参加滴答托福作文互改小组>>

那么，作为中国学生，怎样通过学习习语来提高自己的英语写作呢?

第一，要多看原版英语报刊文章。比如在英国著名媒体Guardian中曾经发表过一篇文章US envoy to Iraq: \\'We have opened the Pandora\\'s box\\' 中的第一句话〝The US ambassador to Baghdad conceded yesterday that the Iraq invasion had opened a Pandora\\'s box\\' of sectarian conflicts which could lead to a regional war.〞很多同学可能看过后不知道这句话究竟是什么意思。是美国大使承认侵略伊拉克的行为打开了一个什么样的盒子吗?显然是不对的。其实，Pandora\\'s box\\'这个短语是一个英语传统习语，Pandora 原是希腊神话传说中从天宫下凡的人类第一个女性，Pandora’s box 之意表面上看来是贵重之物，而骨子里却是祸害，其含义为“万恶之源”、“造成极大混乱”。所以这句话的意思可以理解为：驻扎巴格达的美国大使昨日承认由美国发动的伊拉克战争造成了当地的宗教斗争。如果每天可以阅读一两篇原版的英语报刊文章，遇到类似于这样不会的习语查查字典，再整理到自己的笔记本里，这样的效果是非常好的。如果写作文的时候能加上这样一句，可以给文章增色不少。

在 10月份的托福考试中的独立写作部分的题目是〝Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In twenty years there will be fewer cars in use than there in today?〞如果想赞成这句话的考生，想表达汽车是污染之源可以就这么写：〝Car is the Pandora’s box of pollution.〞这当然比〝Car is the cause of pollution〞高明很多。

第二，可以选择性地听听VOA的相关节目。在VOA Special English节目中，每周日Report固定节目为Words and Their Stories(词语掌故)。它的内容主要是各种词汇与短语、习语、俚语的典故与表达方法的说明，长约五分钟。这一专题节目的一大好处在于，听众可以听故事的过程里了解每一个词语生动有趣的词语和习惯用法。在轻松愉快的氛围下，学生可以主动地掌握知识。比如在2月3日词语掌故的节目中，与hit 相关的各个习语就得到了介绍，在介绍〝hit the spot〞的过程中，播音员先介绍这个习语的起源，原来“hit the spot”一开始的意思是射箭正达靶心，后来随着历史的进展，这个短语的意思渐渐演变成了特指食物或者饮料特别让人满意的意思。最后还给了听众一个例子，百事可乐在多年前曾经出了一首广告歌，其中有一句话，〝Pepsi Cola hits the spot. Twelve four ounces， that\\'s a lot.〞意思就是百事可乐让人们十分满意。用这种方式学习，学生们可以较完全地了解到一个习语的方方面面，这样对它的记忆也会较为牢固。

100篇托福作文范文连连看>>

另外，对于水平较高的同学，可以适当地阅读西方文化的精髓之作《圣经》，由于《圣经》对英语的要求较高，包含了一些古英语，所以并不建议水平处以中等以下的同学阅读。比如《圣经 旧约 诗篇》第17章，〝Keep me as the apple of the eye.〞(求你保护我，如同保护眼中的瞳孔。)另《申命记》第32章也出现〝He kept him as the apple of his eye.〞(保护他如同保护眼中的瞳孔)。the apple of the/ones eye (眼睛中的瞳孔)现译作“掌上明珠”，表示特别珍视的东西。 在写作中，如果要表达他最爱他的小儿子。就可以不用〝He loves his youngest son most〞，而使用 “His youngest son is the apple of his eye.”这样，写作就会变得地道很多。

篇5：托福写作综合写作评分标准解读

托福写作综合写作评分标准解读

一、5分---满分

解析：综合写作5分的评分标准给出了四项要求：第一，要求考生从听力当中找寻到重要信息。第二，要清晰准确地陈述阅读和听力的关系。综合写作阅读和听力目前只考察一种关系：听力反驳阅读。第三，文章组织良好。其中文章结构框架可以用句型和模板;文章语言组织难度远低于独立写作，因为综合写作不能掺杂任何个人的观点，要求客观陈述读到和听到的内容，因此需要的主要信息均来自阅读和听力。第四，满分是可以允许有偶尔的语言小错误。很多同学困惑何为严重的语言错误，何为小错误，我们只要通过一个简单的判断：影响语义理解的都可以被看作严重错误。综合写作特别强调如果有极少量语言错误依然可以拿到满分。

建议: 若追求5分满分，将听力内容记多记全，听力听得越好，拿到满分的希望越高。

二、4分---高分

解析：综合写作4分的评分标准依然先考察学生是否从听力中找寻到重要信息，并且考察是否能清晰准确地陈述阅读和听力的关系，这两点上和满分要求一致，那一分扣在哪里了呢? 4分和5分不同的地方评分标准用了一个“but”转折，如果考生写作中出现陈述听力内容时出现小的遗漏，不精确，模糊或者不准确将被扣除1分。或者陈述阅读和听力关系有误，听力反驳阅读天然拿分，因此陈述关系的句型框架要提前准备。如：The lecturer made the point that……，which differs from the main idea in the reading that……。最后4分也有对语言错误的要求。总体而言，综合写作的评分对于语言的要求要低于独立写作。并不对遣词造句提出严格的要求，而只是对错误的频率和严重程度进行了界定。

建议: 若想综合写作不失分，谨记听力笔记，谨防听力内容写出偏差。

三、3分—中国考生平均分

综合写作的分数分布是橄榄形的，中间段最多，满分和低分都很少。综合写作的阅读难度远低于托福阅读，综合写作的听力难度也不难于托福听力，但是综合写作拿到3分以上却不简单。 很多考生参加托福考试出了考场感觉综合写作很好，大部分都听懂了，结果出来分数就不理想。这到底是为什么呢?我们看一下综合写作3分的评分标准

解析：综合写作3分依然首先要求从听力当中找寻到重要信息，并阐述听力和阅读的关系是怎样的。如果你犯了以下一个或者多个错误，就会被打到3分。其中第二项是中国考生常被扣分的原因：听力遗失一个要点将被扣除两分。综合写作听力一共有几个点呢?3个。

建议: 注意听力每段的主要内容，并写作时不要出现措辞偏差。

四、2分-以下—低分

解析：综合写作2分以下主要是因为学生没有太听懂听力。

建议:用托福听力Lecture作为练习材料，每天三个小时以上练习听写。一个月后再开启练习综合写作题目。

从综合写作的评分标准再到我们对各个采分点的解析，我们得出结论：赢听力者，得综合写作。

托福作文分数换算是如何操作的?对于托福作文评分：

1、共有四位老师评分，2位评综合，2位评独立。

2、原始分数0-5分，综合两位老师评分平均2.5-3.5 fair 4-5 good，同理独立平均给等级。

3、由于0-5分中没有0.5的评分所以平均值没有0.25和0.75的出现，所以写作没有19分21分26分等分数，复议的同学即使成功也不会出现上述分数。

Converting Rubric Scores to Scaled Scores

Writing Section of the New TOEFL IBT TEST

writing rubric mean scaled score

5.00 - 30

4.75 - 29

4.50 - 28

4.25 - 27

4.00 - 25

3.75 - 24

3.50 - 22

3.25 - 21

3.00 - 20

2.75 - 18

2.50 - 17

2.25 - 15

2.00 - 14

1.75 - 12

1.50 - 11

1.25 - 10

1.00 - 8

托福写作：题库范文附思路解析

1. The most important thing you want to change about your hometown If you could change one important thing about your hometown, what would you change? Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer.

『分析』

改变其环境，因为一个好的环境会使人们

更加快乐

更加健康

更加有效率

相关题目：[52]、[141]、[165]都可以选择改变其环境。这些题目实际上可以用一篇文章应对。

『范文』

I was born in a small town named Hailin, located in the North-East of China. The most serious problems in my hometown are the backward ideas about a woman's place in the family, school, workplace, and society. These negative stereotypes hurt not only women, but all of society as well. If possible, I would change the attitudes of the people in my hometown so they would view men and women equally. Discrimination against women in my hometown begins before they are even born. Because people here believe that only a man can carry on the family line, every family wants to have at least one son. Each family is only supposed to have one child because of the overpopulation problem. This means that if a family can find out a fetus is female before it is born they might abort it. Or in other cases, people will have many female babies before they have a son, which only makes the population problem worse. If female babies were considered as important as male babies, then these two problems probably would not exist. Discrimination against girls continues as they go to school and work. The prevalent stereotype is that women are not as smart as men and we shouldn't waste time and money educating them. Families often insist that their daughters stay at home and help with housework while sending their sons to school. Girls are born every bit as smart as boys and equally deserve to reap the benefits of education. Many of the world's famous scientists and leaders are women, from Marie Curie to Margaret Thatcher. We need to eliminate the stereotype that women are less intelligent than men so that our community can benefit from the achievements that women are capable of making when armed with education. In fact, women need to be respected enough to hold professional and leadership jobs in our community. This would mean that in the classified section of newspapers, there would no longer be jobs for “men only.” We will never know how many women could have done those jobs better than a man could have until the parents of every baby girl decide that their daughter is worth as much as their son. This is probably the most important thing that I want to change about my hometown.

2. The influence of movies or television on people's behavior How do movies or television influence people's behavior? Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer.

『分析』

电影、电视等大众传媒(mass media)往往可以对人们的行为产生影响

通过改变人们的价值观、世界观、审美观而改变人们行为

通过制造“社会热点”而使大众不停地讨论一件事情

通过满足人们的幻想，或使人们处于平衡状态，或使人们一定程度上失衡

『范文』

The impact that movies or television has had on our daily life, and society in general, is undeniable. No doubt it will become even greater as the scope of which continues to grow, and as the relevant technologies become more and more sophisticated, and so fascinating that virtually nobody will be able to escape. Already, it can be seen how western movies are exercising influence on our youth generation: they grow long-hair regardless of their gender, commonly part of which is dyed in gold; they wear jeans in each and every season, usually the knees of which are deliberately tattered; boys are fond of earrings or other odd pendants; and girls are keen on Marlboros and weird bad words. The major means that movies and television influence the public is by creating topics of discussion in the society. Movies offer people (the consumers) issues to talk and think about. Titanic had brought a worldwide uproar by its extolling of fascinating immortal love; Prime Color and Wag the Dog met the national debate on right and duty of the president of the United States. Antiwar movies such as Tears of the Sun and All Quiet on the Western Front among numerous others have been raising the question that is any war really to uphold justice or is it really worthy that an individual makes sacrifices to his country and at the same time ignores his own family or his personal values? Television also shapes our understanding of what is important and what is not important (to know). The “important” issues are being discussed over and over or in the beginning of a program. The “not important” stories are the ones that are not being told at all. The “not very important” stories are probably very short and hidden in the last part. By prearranging public issue, movies and television make decisions for us. Even though there are critical thinking individuals in any society, they are definitely in minority; the public in whole indeed lack skills of critical thinking, and therefore they are often led by the movies and television. In brief, movies and television, by offering topics and affecting the ways in which we discuss “the important issues”, has a strong influence on our perception of the truth, of the world or of the structure of our society. We have to admit that it has a role in our lives as a source of information, experiences, entertainment, amusement andrelaxation.

3. Has television destroyed communication among people? Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Television has destroyed communication among friends and family. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

『分析』

不.能.同.意.这.个.观.点.。一方面人们看电视的时间越来越多;另外一方面人与人之间的关系越来越冷漠。但是这两个现象并不是完全、直接的因果关系。造成人们关系冷漠的原因很多，比如，来自方方面面的压力：工作、生活。

『范文』

While television has been somewhat harmful in its effects, it has hardly “destroyed” communication among friends and family, although for some people, the assertion that television has destroyed communication among friends and family seems pretty plausible. Television, invented in last century, with its wide availability, increasingly prosperous programs, becomes one of the most powerful means of communication in the history, and is more and more difficult to ignore. Television is as much a part of our lives as are our meals, work, or school; studies consistently show that the average American child spends almost as much time watching television as does he or she in school. We all have only 24 hours a day and it is clear that the more time one spends on watching television, the less time one does with his or her family and friends. Hence the passage printed in the newspaper or magazine titled “Television took my husband away.” Tempting as such claim might be, it is hardly true. Instead of television, it is the increasing pressure of modern life that took her husband away. We have no definite evidence to say people nowadays endure more pressures than did their counterparts in the past, but it is absolutely true that people nowadays undergo great pressures that come from various directions, including work, school, economy, and so forth. Investigations show that people who earn more than RMB 50, 000 annually spend at least 60 hours on work per week, much more than those who earn RMB 20,000 annually. Today a bachelor's degree may no longer guarantee a decent pay, more and more companies post their want ads claiming that applicants must have at least master's degrees, which take two or three years longer. People nowadays have very little time for anything; television is merely among many other factors that affect communication, and is definitely not the main cause of degradation. It seems that the more one is educated, the more one is aware of the deleterious effects that excessive television causes, and either deliberately avoid it or actually do not enjoy it. On the other hand, there really are many people addictive to television. But the fact is, were television not existent, surely these people would have found other escapes, such as alcohol or gambling for example. In other words, people always find a way to do what they want to do. Therefore, I can hardly agree that television has destroyed communication among friends and family.

4. Live in a small town or in a big city?

Some people prefer to live in a small town. Others prefer to live in a big city. Which place would you prefer to live in? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.

『分析』

生活在大城市的优缺点：信息发达，工作机会多，生活设施完善;人情淡薄

生活在小城市的优缺点：温馨，安静，空气好;人们相互了解、友善;信息闭塞;没有好工作陈述自己的偏好(可以采取“it depends”的策略，不同的阶段有不同的偏好)

相关题目：[20]

『范文』

People seldom agree with each other even in such trivial issues as preference between a big city and a small town. It's a little bit haste to say that it is better to live in a big city than in a small town, or vice versa.Living in a big city has several benefits. First, there're more job opportunities readily available in big cities than in a small town. Moreover, not merely are there more job positions in big cities and the qualities of the position are much higher as well. In addition, the pay is more decent. Second, children are supposed to be able to receive an education with a higher quality compared with their counterparts who live in a small town. For families,children's education is always put in the first place. Finally, living in a big city usually has a superior living standard to that in a small town. There are more commodities and services in city markets; there are more public utilities available in big cities; there are even much more television channels in big cities.However, living in a small town also has some advantages. People who live in a small town often have a much comfortable life style. Most of them do not have to suffer high working stress. Although the average pay is much less than that of big cities, the price of daily necessities, such as vegetables or meat, is usually less expensive. Instead of suffering loneliness which is prevalent in big cities, children might grow up more healthily because of harmonious relationship among residents in small town. People in a small town do not have to get up so early in the morning because there has been no traffic jam, and nobody drive so fast in a small town as to cause car accidents. They might have fewer channels in television, but they have more friends readily available to chat or entertain with. According to my current situation, although I am longing for the cozy atmosphere and relationship among neighbors and friends which almost only exist in small cities, I have chosen to live in one of the biggest cities in my country—Beijing, since I have found a pretty good job here, and a decent pay. I think I would prefer living in a small town when I get retired one day.

5. Does luck have anything to do with success?

“When people succeed, it is because of hard work. Luck has nothing to do with success.” Do you agree or disagree with the quotation above? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your position.

『分析』

nothing是一个绝对词，所以，不能完全同意也不能完全不同意。选择“很大程度上同意”。

指出luck确实存在指出可能导致人们成功的若干原因：诚实、睿智、幽默;执著;肯于做不喜欢的事情[27];

相关题目：[27]、[63]

『范文』

Here is a true story, a story about an African man called Cinque who slew a most terrifying beast that any one has ever seen, a lion. His siblings in the village who know about this anecdote gave him great respect and call him the big man. However, he told the truth later. “It had killed several people, even hunters among us. Everyone including me was afraid. ”I was lying down with my family, when out of nowhere it appeared. “As it came for me, I picked up a big rock and I threw it. And that wasn't bravery, because any man would do the same to protect his family. ”But by some miracle, you see, I hit it. I don't know how that killed it, but it did. A rock, you see, a rock. “I received the gratitude of everyone in the village. I was given respect. They treated me as if I was a prince. They gave me the finest country cloth. All these things they gave me, I took them all. But I knew I didn't deserve it, for when I threw that rock at that beast, if I missed it, I wouldn't be sitting here today trying to explain these things to you or somebody else, I'd just be dead. I'm not a big man, just a lucky one.” You see, luck does exist. When it appears, mathematicians describe in such a way that something has an extremely small probability but it does happen. People often say, one has to have an opportunity to succeed. In this case, luck is the opportunity, and to some extent is an indispensable factor to achieve success.

When people say luck has nothing to do with success, I wonder it is not their intention to deny existence of luck, but to encourage. Because luck in fact is a factor that one can not and should not count on, even though we know people who have succeeded have their own luck. It is somewhere, but nobody knows where. It happens sometime, but we don't know when. By contrast, hard work is something that everyone can count on, and as is often the case, hard work might bring luck. Therefore, luck itself is of no hope, and lack of luck should not be an excuse to failure.

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