托福写作高分技巧推荐 独立作文三大评分标准详解

以下是小编为大家收集的托福写作高分技巧推荐 独立作文三大评分标准详解，本文共5篇，希望能够帮助到大家。本文原稿由网友“Revit花花世界”提供。

篇1：托福写作高分技巧推荐 独立作文三大评分标准详解

托福写作高分技巧推荐

一、托福写作的立意

拿到托福作文题目时，不要着急下笔。首先应该进入破题与立意结合的阶段。充分的破题所积累的大量思维方向给我们以信心，要做的只有一项遴选工序了。而这选并不是闭上眼睛随手挑，而要符合以下条件：

1.要与论题相匹配

论题问的如果是提高生活质量与否，一些无关紧要的改变就应该弃之不用，比如烹调时间缩短这一项改变，是事实，且未对生活质量有直接明显影响，就应该避免用作主要论点。

2.要能言之有物

这是再功利不过的一条标准。比如我自己提到了食物准备时间缩短能让人性情改变，破题时觉得不无可能，真落笔时却不知道由何说起，如果选了这一条为一个主要论点，结果是我说了一句话就走人，那还不如选个能下笔，能展示语言功底，也能显示思维缜密的写作方向。

3.选择的无论是2个还是3个论点，一定要有内在联系

这其实是整个立意阶段的重头。之后要立意，就是要明白自己表达的对象是什么，明确立场。然后站在这个立场上，挑选支持自己的论点。

二、托福写作中需排除异己

托福写作技巧的第二点，便是比较遗留的可能性论点，选取能言之有物且不交叉的项目，作为主要论点了。

在挑选论点，寻找言之有物这个“物”的时候，一定要注意避免层面的交叉，而这个层面，也要从托福写作题目中来：如果题目问的是对生活质量的影响，这些选择的层面一定和生活质量有关。生活质量又有什么层面呢?身体健康是一层，心理健康是一层，这两者合并在一起，是人类健康生活的基本要求，而物质享受是在基本要求上的锦上添花，又可以算一层，三层不交叉的层面就找到了。

以此为依据，再回头找匹配的论点，事半功倍。此处也需要注意，破题时给出的方向只是方向，不是成熟的论点。有需要时，可以把匹配的几个方向糅合成一个论点，方便下笔。但事实上就这么下笔,的确已经可以成文了.可要写成一篇动人的议论,还是不够.因为这三个论点虽不交叉,却只有一条明线为关联:这条明线就是支持全文观点.细细研究,它们再无其它联系,如果写成文章,读后不会有一气呵成的畅快淋漓之感,也不会特别深入人心.

这条暗线，应该是什么呢?是让托福写作从死板规矩的举例说理，三片豆腐块儿拼成的死文字，变成有思想，又灵性，能从纸上走出来，走进读者内心去的，作者的心声。这暗线，就是前文提过的，能赋予文章品格的，刚柔之论，是或者以情，或者以理，串联整篇文章。

既然这条暗线要贯穿全文，就必须与各个论点有一定联系。而在串连所有论点的同时，要避免交叉，就使这个暗线出于一个全新的视角。之前笔者从题目用词的角度发散思维，再根据题目提问的出发点将发散开的思维分成三股收束起来。从题目本身入手，已无处再用力，可以使用的视角，只能从个人经验和知识中采凿-----而这正是独立写作的基本要求：writing based on knowledge and experience。

上述的托福写作技巧希望同学们能够认真阅读，并且多加练习，相信同学们一定会取得理想的成绩。

托福独立作文三大评分标准详解

在进入托福写作备考的时候，最为让人担心的就是，盲目的练习和背诵范文。最后，备考托福的结果并自己想象中那么完美。那么对于备考托福来说，我们究竟应该注意一些什么样的问题呢?下面我们就来一起讨论一下托福独立写作的三大标准。希望能为大家的托福备考带来帮助。

观点明确

观点是一篇文章的灵魂。如果刚刚准备作文，看到题目，不知道怎么样说，那么可以先参考李笑来的范文。一来看别人是如何阐述自己观点，二来也算同时准备口语。但是到了后期，一定要看到一个题目的时候，能形成自己的观点，而不是人云亦云。这一点是托福独立写作能够拿到高分的最重要的因素。

逻辑清晰

托福独立作文要求展开充分well developed。怎么叫充分展开呢，一个题目，如果表示完全同意或反对，那么就显得太极端，太片面，通常只能得到很低的分数。但是简单的各打五十大板的做法也不可取。最简单的解决办法就是在照顾平衡的基础上有所侧重，也就是说，在论述一个问题的时候，一定要有所倾向，但是对另外的观点也要适当的着些笔墨。

除了清晰的逻辑，还需要具体合适的论据以及例子。天道专家建议考生不要去背别人的例子然后生搬硬套到自己的文章中去。例子不在多，在于是否贴切(appropriate)，有说服力的例子一两个就足够了。

语言流畅

托福独立作文的语言上面达到以下3个要求就足够了：准确、流畅、丰富。准确是最基本的，要求考生的文章在拼写、语法、用词以及搭配上没有严重的错误。流畅是指文章整体的行文要一气呵成，逻辑进路清晰可见。在做到准确、流畅的基础上，语言的丰富多变是体现一个考生语言能力的重要指标，在同一篇文章里，用词要尽量避免重复，适当的时候，可能还要运用一些修辞手法。

篇2：托福独立写作高分作文技巧

托福独立写作高分作文

文章结构决定独立写作分数基本盘

对于托福写作来说，合理且规范的文章布局还是必不可少的，甚至可以说是一篇高分作文的基础所在。标准化的开头加中间段加结尾段的五段式文章结构一直都是最为经典且实用的结构，考生无需花费太多心思在文章布局结构上多动脑筋，这样的五段写法足以保证大家的托福独立写作主线脉络得到充分体现。然后具体说说中间段。中间段落的文章结构就是T过渡词ransitional words + 中心句topic sentence + 具体展开论述development。如果考生在平时能熟练运用这样的文章结构来展开托福独立作文，那么考场上就会凭借这份思维套路来帮助自己保持住基本的得分。

说到过渡词Transitional words，一般主要有以下三种类型，即表顺序：firstly, secondly, finally(last but not least); 表并列：besides, in addition; 表对比：in contrast, in comparison。这些过渡词会让文章看起来脉络清晰，组织严密，也就做到了评分标准中的“well-organized”一条。当然，有过渡词的文章读起来也会让人觉得更加通顺流畅，给考官更好的阅读体验。

树立文章观点让文章有新意有吸引力

对于托福写作来说，有了规范的写作布局，只能托福写作冲刺高分最为基础的一个环节。而对于文章的新意而言更多的就是来自于文章观点的确立。而在托福写作中想要写出一个有新意的观点，还是需要考生具备一定观察能力才能做到的。原封不动的直接套用范文或是模板的内容，自然很难提起阅卷人的兴趣。但是，大家也不必对观点本身的对错过于纠结，只要能说的有理有据就没问题了，因为托福写作主要还是考查对于观点话题的论述。有了自己原创的观点，考生自然就不用担心之后论述上观点雷同的问题。不过，在这里小编还是需要提醒大家，不要过于纠结观点的深度，观点定位过深，一时之间不能找到论据，导致无话可说，反而会造成适得其反的效果，追求观点有新意是好事，但也不要做的太过头了。

结合优质论据素材提升文章整体评分

在托福写作过程中，想要完美充实的布局并体现出观点的独特新意都离不开例证内容的诠释。相信很多同学在备考托福写作的过程中，也会不断的累积各式各样的例证资料。但是，托福写作中对例子论证的要求并不在其新意，而是在于考生你如何用论据来解释观点，或者说你的例子论据需要能和观点想匹配才会具有说服力。另外，有些同学喜欢使用高分范文里面的例子论据，这种做法本身是没有任何问题的，但使用时如果直接整个照搬例子的话就有可能因为完全一样或者相似度太高的句式而引起被判定为雷同的风险，这是考生需要特别注意避免的，所以大家不妨学习一下改写语句中的内容的方法技巧，即便不会改写，也可以尝试换掉一些关键词来避免雷同问题。

托福考试作文范例：出国留学经历的利弊分析

托福考试作文题目：

The independent essay usually asks for your opinion about a familiar topic. You will have 30 minutes to plan, write, and revise your response. Typically, a good essay for the independent topic will require that you write 300–350 words.

Question:

You are planning to study abroad. What do you think you will like and dislike about this experience? Why? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.

托福考试作文参考分析：

本题要求考生通过定位，概括和分类仔细审题，就某个问题写一篇感想，或就一个事件进行阐述，解释以及论证自己的观点，列出提纲明确主题并围绕主题来写作和修改文章。

托福考试作文范文：

My mother once told me that she could always find my eyes shining at the mention of going abroad for further education. There is no denying the fact that I have strong desire of my oversea trip and have planed of it for a long period since I began my high school time. In fact, I am only a typical example of those young students who have the some dream. A result of recent survey, released by a famous magazine in my hometown showed that more than 72 percent local high school students has pleasant association with studying abroad. Anyway, such decisions can benefit a young man a great deal while it is not without its problems.

Will oversea colleges and universities, especially those in America, provide Chinese student a more refined education? The data I select over this year leads to me believe that the answer is undoubtedly positive, since those abroad universities, which enjoy high reputations world-widely, have faculty and advanced facility. It is the education with totally different conceptions that will exert positively influence on one by widening his or her horizon, whereby he/she can put him/herself in a favorable position in the future job markets.

Secondly, which is another conspicuous advantage of the oversea life, it can bring one friends from a variety of countries. Seldom can one have an adjust judgement to a remote nation without consorting with the people from that area. As my cousin, who has been living in England for over seven years, pointed out, she learns a lot from her foreign friends.

However, we immature students should be blind to the dilemma we may face toward in the future. Living in a foreign country means one should try hard to adapt him/herself to a new environment and, in addition, probably have to suffer from the segregation with family.

After the both sides of abroad life are viewed, it is time to draw my conclusion. In short, the study in a foreign university will be a precious experience to a young man as long as he/she can overcome the difficulty he/she may encounter.

托福考试作文范例：偏好手工还是机器制作

托福考试作文题目：

Some items (such as clothes or furniture) can be made by hand or by machine. Which do you prefer——items made by hand or items made by machine? Use reasons and specific examples to explain your choice.

托福考试作文参考分析：

这道题选择比较自由，无论选哪一种都行，只要列出几个好的理由(注意：家具也有很多种，根据不同的种类，也可以有不同的偏好)。

托福考试作文范文一：

From my point of view, there are many factors affecting whether to choose an item made by hand or by machine. The main factor to make a judgment is whether we use the item for our daily life or for collection and decoration purposes.

For items used in our daily life, the choices we make depend on the following factors: function, form, and price. Function is the most important thing for us. If a product is beautiful, but it is not able to perform the function, it can only be called a decoration, or a piece of garbage. For example, when we buy a TV, what we really care about first it is the quality of the picture and sound, how many stations it can receive, and whether it can be connected easily to the VCR and DVD player at home. The second factor that affects our choice of a product for daily use is its form. Is the TV too big, too small, or too ugly? Will it fit into the living room? Will it be compatible with the colors of other appliances and the furniture? The third factor we may consider is the price. Even if we are very happy with the item, there is no meaning if we cannot afford it.

So, in our daily life, there is really no difference whether our clothes or furniture are made by hand or made by machine. It just doesn't matter as long as they can perform their function. For items for collection and decoration, it is a completely different story. Ancient tools and historical artifacts have more market and educational value than modern day massively produced products, and traditional handicrafts make good tourist souvenirs and beautiful decoration for the house. Therefore, when it comes to items for collection and decoration, I would definitely choose items made by hand, because they are just so special.

In conclusion, depending on different items and different uses, I will make different choices.

托福考试作文范文二：

What do I consider the most important room in the house? Why is this room more important to me than any other rooms? As the questions pops up before me, so do the images of the various rooms in my house. I think that I consider the dining room to be the most important room of the house.

First of all, this is the room where all the members of the family sit down together, at least for dinner. This brings closeness among the various members of the family. It also gives each of the members an opportunity to relate his/her experiences during the day and share those of others. It is here where tensions die down when mother cracks a joke or dad relates a humorous incident of his job.

Secondly, this is where we feed and nourish ourselves. It serves as a point where you stop, even for a minute (like morning rush hours), and grab your bread and milk. The dining room serves as a showroom of the kitchen bringing the not-so-good looking vegetables appear mouthwatering. This is where you take your food normally.

Thirdly it is the room to which you turn too when a large number of relatives arrive. Set up some more chairs and you are ready to take care of all of them. Can you do this in the bedroom or the bedroom? Some will suggest outdoors as an alternative but do all people have the luxury of a lawn? And what if it's raining? Turn to the dining room!

In concluding, I would like to say that the dining room seems to be the most important of all rooms in the house. It is a nourishment point, an expansion unit and a family hub, all combined into one. I consider it as the server of the modern home, networking all aspects into one entit

篇3：托福写作高分的三大技巧

托福写作高分的三大技巧

新托福写作高分技巧1阅读：寻找核心句和关键词，切忌word by word

英美人写文章的总体逻辑可以概括为总分或总分总。而托福综合写作的阅读材料多为前者布局，且多为四段式(首段总起，三段分别展开)。

首段主要用来提供背景信息或者提出话题，(注意：阅读和听力是同一个话题，极少考到观点相互补，多为观点相对立。)而作者的立场或论点多位于首段的最后一句，聪明的考生会把注意力多集中于首段的尾句，确定作者的立论点，从而对于下一阶段的听力大致话题和论述做到心中有底。随后的段落即展开给出作者之所以立论的三个分论点或论据，在单个的段落当中，又遵循了西方人惯有的总分模式，单个段落的首句多为topic sentence，考生可以只关注三个段落的首句以快速获取段落主要内容，从而避免全文通读速度不够而导致的来不及看完阅读。

新托福考试综合写作高分技巧2听力

听力环节的笔记很重要，是决定综合写作能否顺利完成的关键因素。没有经过训练或者疏于练习的同学会对于该记什么无从下手，结果就是笔记做了，自己看不懂，或者笔记太过凌乱，毫无可利用性。 要知道听力该记什么怎么记，此时应当牢记心里的仍然是西方人的逻辑性。“总分”表明了在听力的开始段是表明说话者立场和论点的，那么按照我们之前分析的，阅读和听力必然是同主题，所以听力开始时候大家不必忙着乱记一通，事实上，什么都不用写，镇定情绪，听清说话者的立场即可。 接着，和阅读中相似，说话者会从三个方面阐述支持自己的观点，很多情况下，这三点和阅读中的三点是刚好契合，一一对应的。但听力三方面的分论据往往是从阅读中无法推断的，所以分论点及论据是需要同学进行笔记的，应当记的是key words，切忌洋洋洒洒想记全一句话，最后自己也难以读懂。

新托福考试综合写作高分技巧3

各位考生不妨观察一下自己抄写英文句子的情况。大多数未经训练的第二语言学习者很可能都是每写下一个词就要回去重新读一次才能继续抄下去--有的时候甚至可能需要每写一个字母就要返回文本重看一眼才能继续。这说明此人的记忆容量只能容纳一个词(或者甚至连一个词都容纳不了)。记忆容量大的人理解文本更为容易，又因为能够理解所以记忆文本更加容易，进而又因为能够记得住而联系上下文更为轻松，而记忆容量过小的人基本上连看完一篇文章都非常吃力。不过，只要稍加训练，记忆容量就会扩充至足够用的地步。迅速将自己的英文记忆容量提高到“够用”的地步，最好的方法就是通过“跟读”、“朗读”训练平日积累。因为朗读可以非常有效而又迅速地提高文字理解能力。这很关键，记不住的最重要原因并非“记忆力差”--无论记忆力多好，都很难记住无法理解、无法关联的信息--听得懂才容易记得住。

最后是大家比较关心的模板问题。综合写作中，要将阅读和听力观点整合起来时，如果在准备阶段备有一套好用的模板，那么就是如虎添翼了。建议考生应当备有自己独一无二的模板，通过对同义换词，句型多变，做到集多个好模板于一身，又毫无雷同的独家模板。

怪不得你的托福写作不行

托福写作，除了偶尔出现一些题型上的特殊情况会让大家措手不及以外，一般难度都在中等水平。但是写作并非没有难点，不少小伙伴很容易写着写着就没了思路，难以续接主题。文章字数不够、结构也不完整，也很容易造成文章言之无物的情况。

那么该如何全面提升写作水平呢?想要快速提分又该怎样去做?

一、综合写作

综合写作是依据阅读材料提出的观点，听力材料进行反对阅读的论述。当然了，听力材料赞成和补充阅读材料观点的情况也有不少。

综合写作靠什么?同学们写的内容主要是归纳听力讲座中的要点，并解释这些论点如何质疑、挑战、回答、支持、强化阅读短文中的论点。论据对应是重点，不需要写出自己对于这个话题的看法。

阅读的材料一般有三要点，听力对阅读的态度往往一律反驳或一律支持，几乎不会似是而非的只肯定一部分，所以无论是反驳还是支持，整体一定要点对点，即先说这一点对与否，再去说对或不对的理由，还要有非常清晰的逻辑。

听力一般会重复阅读文章的三个论点，表达反对或支持之后，会说明为何反对或者支持的理由。这个时候同学们必须仔细去听，提出理由的关键词记下来。

同学们可以适当利用阅读文章的内容进行改写，但是要记住，不要原封不动地抄。然后再加上教授给到的同意或反对的理由即可。如果时间上允许的话，再加以修饰或者补充，并检查是否有单词、语法错误。

最后，模板对于综合写作来讲也会有一定的作用，但是大家的模板必须满足以下两点：

通用：无论是反驳还是支持，都要保证可以套用。

独家：不能使用网上的模板，要自己去改写。

二、独立写作

独立写作的大致套路如下：

采取一个观点：

大家无论怎么去选择，只要说出合理的理由即可，要注意的是在首段亮出自己的观点。

说明理由：

在中间段落分别论述相应的观点，以论点+阐释+论据(例子、细节等)为主。

结尾：

结尾需要对全文的论点进行总结。

基本的流程大家都明白，但是细节方面要怎么去写?同学们都知道，写作也有对书面语言的表达，但是很多人空有一肚子词汇，能运用的其实没几个，所以怎么做才能使语言不那么单调呢?

同义词替换

在被咱中国学生用烂了的英文单词中，think和important居高不下，原因是因为在我们的独立做文章，某人“认为”和某事“很重要”之类的词汇太常出现，在一篇文章甚至一段文章中都要用到多次。大家可以避免一些单词的重复使用，可以在平时积累一些同义词进行替换。

词性变换

举个例子，important这个单词可以说让同学们又爱又恨，不能没有它但又不能只有它。如果想用同义词替换，大家可以用crucial, vital, essential等词。如果换一种方式的话，我们可以把主要词语的词性替换一下，比如形容词换成名词等等。

解释扩展

对于实在不知道如何变换的情况，小伙伴们还可以对词义或者句意进行解释扩展，甚至可以收到更好的效果，比如一个排比句。

句式变换

除了以上词的重复外，句式单一重复也是中国考生的弱点之一。我们可以适当改变语态，加入强调等等。

语言确实是一项比较重要的考查点，但是写着写着没思路那就惨了，如何保证自己能写完这一篇文章呢?

举实例

思维短路是大家经常出现的问题，但也不用慌。多举实例，不管是提出一个观点还是提出一个方案，只要你不知道怎么继续文章，尽管举例子!而且这可以说是我们阐述一个观点的最好方式。

做比较

写一个要点，和相似的进行比较，再写一个要点，然后与相反的进行比较。通过比较，我们才能发现二者的相同点和不同点。

换言之

当你觉得自己已经没话说了，而这时文章的字数还不够。那么你可以换一句话说(in other words, that is to say)，这样不仅能让你的文章多一些字，也能让读者更充分地理解你的观点。但不推荐大家使用第三招，除非万不得已，尽量还是用前两种方法解决问题。

三、写作字数

托福综合和独立写作的字数要求多少?根据官方指南，综合写作的字数要求为150-225.而独立写作的字数要求为300.

虽然官方指南，没有明确说字数不足是否会扣分，且这两者的字数要求只是建议，但如果没有达到，分数自然不会太高。先说独立写作，其评分标准的基本要求是内容论证充分，全文有递进，词汇及句型丰富。

所以，大志君认为字数300是对内容论证和递进的最低门槛。如果不足，很可能在这点的分数不高，其次句型的丰富性也许也会不佳。

再说综合写作。综合写作的内容简单说就是概括听力讲座的要点以及其如何对阅读内容的反驳关系。如果字数未达到150.很有可能内容会缺失，或者说细节或者理由写的不够具体。

如果写到了225以上，则可能概括不够简练，或者句子过于冗长。作文分数也会在这两点上有降低，虽然字数未达到要求并不会扣分。

四、写作重点

那么问题来了，对于写作来讲，什么比较重要呢?

文章组织很重要

托福写作是在考察基础英文写作的能力，必须要有一个很清晰的思路，至少是一个有头有尾，合格的文章。

文章的说服力很重要

托福写作都是议论文，所以需要有足够强大的说服力，也就是证据来支持自己的观点，因此必须在写作的过程中给够足够的证据。

逻辑关系很重要

ETS的所有考试都比较注重逻辑关系，句间关系需要通过逻辑关系词来很清楚的体现，而不是让评分者去分析两句话之间到底是什么关系。

语言使用、句子结构很重要

毕竟还是语言测试，所以需要知道考生的词汇水平，组织句子水平，不要总是在使用小学生都会的词汇，当然也不要总是使用初中时候就学到的语法，向托福阅读文章的句子组织看齐!

虽然get了不少写作提分技巧，但很多小伙伴面对未知的考试还是会慌，即便状态已经调整到最佳，但依旧会缺乏信心。

这个时候如果能有一份靠谱的考前预测，不但能增强自信，还很有可能押中原题，直接拿分!

1月11日托福独立写作解析及参考范文

独立写作

题目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

The government should spend money on the construction of new buildings rather than on the preservation of old buildings.

话题分类：政府类

解题思路：

有should建议类词汇，出现了两个选项，既可以看作建议类陈述也可以看作优劣对比，但rather than提示我们题干比较偏激，陈述为完全不保留原有古老建筑，比较好破题的方法是将本题看为绝对词类型去处理，即反对绝对说法，让步+2个反驳段落说明保护老建筑的必要性和好处等;

建议解题思路：

反对：

让步段：政府建造新建筑当然非常重要，有很多好处，比如为更多人提供住房满足刚需等;但是，不应该完全不保护老建筑;

反对理由1: 老建筑有文化价值，是城市的文化和历史象征，比如北京南京、罗马、希腊等;

反对理由2：老建筑保留得好反而能够吸引游客，更好的发展当地经济。

参考范文：

Every culture has its special features. Of course, urban development requires continuous construction to cater the need of city dwellers. However, conventional buildings, as symbol of architectural heritage, are an important part of the history of any country or city. Moreover, they could help us find the answers of many questions about the historical development of our society. Therefore, I truly believe that every administration should try to preserve the old, historic buildings despite the demand of metropolis’ skyscrapers.

Firstly, a historic building always represents history and has educational functions. Each historical building is precious property of human beings; each one can tell us a story. For example, some buildings are evidences of foreign invasion, while others are signs of various religions existed in past decades; The former Imperial Palace in China, where ancient emperors have ever stayed, has had a longstanding history as long as over years. If it were well-preserved, through it, we not only can remember many famous events, but can also know that ancient people have grasped very advanced architecture techniques and methods; Although it had been barbarously demolished, its heritages still reminds us the dark history and the value of peace. In many old cities, there are some old houses at where there were many important meetings hold. When we visited old sites, we seemed to go back to that turbulent and exciting time—as if we were there and could hear what those important historic characters had been talking. People nowadays can always obtain historic or cultural information through visiting these old buildings and sites. Although we can learn the past from books, pictures, and museums, nothing can compare with the actual historical buildings themselves, which can bring vivid educational material to us: many buildings are still carefully preserved in their authentic appearances. Like an antic, the value of an old building cannot be measured by money. Furthermore, many of them have unique constructions and are really beautiful and impressive, such as The Parthenon and Roman Arch. In my opinion, the destruction of such remarkable pieces of architecture and their replacement with modern buildings can be called ‘barbarity’. Once a historical building is destroyed or demolished, we can never restore it; even if it is restored to its original look, the new building is only a fake replica while the historical value will never come back to us. What people need is not the duplication or copy. Therefore, a lot of old buildings belonging to the historical heritage of the world are protected by UNESCO.

Secondly, historical buildings are a symbol of a city and cities that have their old, historic buildings carefully preserved are favorite places for holiday and tourism. The reason is that these cities keep their special atmosphere and could offer us a magnificent journey through their cultural and architectural history. Beijing is represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, which are all historical relics. It is hard to imagine that someday the government decides that all these buildings should be destroyed and modern buildings be built on their sites, a decision that both brings about great pity of losing cultural and historical icons and losses profound tourist income.

The only reasonable argument to destroy some historic buildings and replace them with modern ones is when there is a risk of self-destruction, which could endanger human lives. But again the safety standard can be achieved by renovation or restoration of old buildings.

In conclusion, I would say that preserving old, historic buildings could be considered as a sign of our respect and regard to the previous generations. I am aware that it is an expensive initiative. But who can evaluate the worth the historic buildings have, and I would dare to ask – who gives us the right to destroy what the centuries have kept for us? For all reasons given above, I will strongly suggest the government should preserve the old, historical buildings.

托福的写作技巧方法

篇4：托福独立写作高分作文技巧解析

托福独立写作高分作文既要有合理结构也要有独特观点

文章结构决定独立写作分数基本盘

对于托福写作来说，合理且规范的文章布局还是必不可少的，甚至可以说是一篇高分作文的基础所在。标准化的开头加中间段3加结尾段的五段式文章结构一直都是最为经典且实用的结构，考生无需花费太多心思在文章布局结构上多动脑筋，这样的五段写法足以保证大家的托福独立写作主线脉络得到充分体现。然后具体说说中间段。中间段落的文章结构就是T过渡词ransitional words + 中心句topic sentence + 具体展开论述development。如果考生在平时能熟练运用这样的文章结构来展开托福独立作文，那么考场上就会凭借这份思维套路来帮助自己保持住基本的得分。

说到过渡词Transitional words，一般主要有以下三种类型，即表顺序：firstly, secondly, finally(last but not least); 表并列：besides, in addition; 表对比：in contrast, in comparison。这些过渡词会让文章看起来脉络清晰，组织严密，也就做到了评分标准中的“well-organized”一条。当然，有过渡词的文章读起来也会让人觉得更加通顺流畅，给考官更好的阅读体验。

树立文章观点让文章有新意有吸引力

对于托福写作来说，有了规范的写作布局，只能托福写作冲刺高分最为基础的一个环节。而对于文章的新意而言更多的就是来自于文章观点的确立。而在托福写作中想要写出一个有新意的观点，还是需要考生具备一定观察能力才能做到的。原封不动的直接套用范文或是模板的内容，自然很难提起阅卷人的兴趣。但是，大家也不必对观点本身的对错过于纠结，只要能说的有理有据就没问题了，因为托福写作主要还是考查对于观点话题的论述。有了自己原创的观点，考生自然就不用担心之后论述上观点雷同的问题。不过，在这里小编还是需要提醒大家，不要过于纠结观点的深度，观点定位过深，一时之间不能找到论据，导致无话可说，反而会造成适得其反的效果，追求观点有新意是好事，但也不要做的太过头了。

结合优质论据素材提升文章整体评分

在托福写作过程中，想要完美充实的布局并体现出观点的独特新意都离不开例证内容的诠释。相信很多同学在备考托福写作的过程中，也会不断的累积各式各样的例证资料。但是，托福写作中对例子论证的要求并不在其新意，而是在于考生你如何用论据来解释观点，或者说你的例子论据需要能和观点想匹配才会具有说服力。另外，有些同学喜欢使用高分范文里面的例子论据，这种做法本身是没有任何问题的，但使用时如果直接整个照搬例子的话就有可能因为完全一样或者相似度太高的句式而引起被判定为雷同的风险，这是考生需要特别注意避免的，所以大家不妨学习一下改写语句中的内容的方法技巧，即便不会改写，也可以尝试换掉一些关键词来避免雷同问题。

托福写作解析:Spend money or save them

托福写作题目：

Spend money or save them?

Is it better to enjoy your money when you earn it or is it better to save your money for some time in the future? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

参考分析：

先讨论一下储蓄的必要性以及及时享乐的好处，然后可以采取it depends策略进行选择，是花钱及时享乐好呢还是把钱存起来好，要看钱的数目是多少。如果一个月赚800块，只有一个选择，花掉。2000块，就可以花掉一些，存起来一些。20000块，就多花一些，也可以多存一些。

范文：

存钱比较好：

(1)存钱可以防备不时之需，如生病等等。

(2)存钱可以买非常贵重的商品，如房子、汽车等等。

(3)存钱放到未来花，可以更好的享受生活，如去欧洲、美洲旅游等等。

Some people say that it is better to enjoy your money as soon as you earn it while others prefer to save the money for later. It's a difficult choice faced by lots of people because of the different attitudes they hold towards money. As far as I am concerned, I vote for the former choice, which is that it is better for one to enjoy his or her money as soon as it is earned. Spending money as soon as possible is my preference because of three reasons as follows.

First, we can observe easily in the modern society that the dominant philosophy nowadays is 'enjoy your life when you are still young'. Most young adults like to work for a period of time and then go on for a trip to visit some places they have never been to. Those trips not only help them to keep in shape but also provide them different kinds of knowledge and new perspective in looking at their environment. Other people spend the money for their leisure, which helps them to relax and go back to work with enough energy.

In the old days, it is said that people who save money in a bank understand the philosophy of thrift. Actually, economists say that in the modern world saving money in a bank is the quickest way to lose it. Moreover, none of the rich people became rich by getting interests from the bank. Living in a constantly changing world, we should adjust ourselves to accept the new ways of investing our money to different areas in order to get the most of it. That is probably the reason why most of the people nowadays put their money into business to get a better payback.

The third obvious(显然的)reason why I prefer spending money rather than saving them is that it is part of the contribution for the economic growth in our country. If nobody has the needs to buy stuff from others and the market, nobody will think about how to produce useful products and sell them to make the most profits. Some countries continue to lower the interests in order to force people to spend their money and therefore benefit the society as well as the people themselves. In this broad view, I prefer spending money rather than saving them.

In conclusion, I prefer spending money because it benefits ourselves as well as people around us. It's also important for kids to know how to save money as a sense of thrift. Nevertheless, spending money is still the best way to make our lives enjoyable and worthwhile.

托福写作解析:Change about your school

托福写作题目：

If you could make one important change in a school that you attended, what change would you make? Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer.

参考分析：

改变学校的计算机交流

(1)提高效率

(2)促进学生学习

(3)更好的老师和学生的交流

参考范文：

Change about your school

Talking of making an important change in my school, I'd like to suggest that our education system put more emphasis on the development of learning skills and applications of theories into practice instead of simply learning knowledge from books. The proposal is based on the reasons as follows.

For one thing, overemphasis on academic learning poses a threat because of confusing the purpose of learning. As school credit is usually considered the major criteria of academic learning, in a credit-driven school, one may try hard to learn simply for learning's sake. In other words, college students tend to blindly cram their brains with numerous texts and formulas while do not have a clear idea of what they really want to learn, why they need to learn, not to mention how the things they are learning are useful to the reality. An example is way that common ESL students learn English: they may spend several years in reciting grammar rules, but can hardly utter an English word in front of a foreigner.

Another reason that causes me to make the suggestion is the requirement of today's ever-changing knowledge economy time. With the increasingly accelerated pace of information explosion, one can hardly depend on knowledge from books that he or she has learned at school. Mastering learning skills and knowing how to apply the skills into practice are becoming indispensable than ever before. A recent survey conducted by educators shows that most students in our country lack the ability of using tools and solving problems compared with their counterparts in the United States. This informs us to take a serious look at our book-knowledge based education pattern.

In sum, it's high time for us to give a touch on our education pattern concerning the narrowness of book knowledge learning as well as the necessity of practical learning required by the contemporary world.

托福写作

篇5：托福独立写作高分技巧拆分法

我把这个方法定义为“拆分法”：

对于独立写作题干中的比较笼统抽象名词(noun)，我们可以从多个角度(angles)拆成很多小的单元(parts)，各个击破它们(one by one)。这里包含的四个方面，取首字母，即N-A-P-O。

所以什么是拆分?NAPO!那拆分法能帮助我们快速找到哪些题目的解题思路?笔者的回答是，几乎所有的现象证明题和少部分价值判断的题目。而这些题目恰好是托福独立写作通关路上的“拦路虎”。

找到文章中的“拦路虎”

为什么这些题型是“拦路虎”?因为这些题目考的概率低，而且大部分学生都找不到分论点去写一篇完整的文章。那我们如何才能区分价值判断类和现象证明的题目呢?

价值判断类，简而言之就是，题干中包含一些感情色彩的词汇，比如better, best, necessary, positive等 。在文章论述过程中，会讨论某个对象或者现象“好不好”。

价值判断题在过去的2019年考试真题中，占90%的比例。

而对于现象证明的题目，题干中一般没有这些带感情色彩的词，只占差不多10%。下面看看这四道真题，能否区分哪些是现象证明呢?

1.2019/0309

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The most important problems affecting people’s life can be solved within our life time.

2.2019/0414

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students do not respect their teachers as much as they did in the past.

3.2019/1109 Many filmmakers make movies based on books. some people prefer to read the book before they watch the movie, while other people prefer to watch the movie before they read the book. Which one do you prefer?

4.2019/1208

The best solution for parents to prepare their children for elementary (primary) school.

a) young children practice reading books

b) parents reading books loudly for children

c) practice conversation with adults

很显然，1和2是现象证明，因为题干里面没有感情色彩词。

题目1.大家文章要讨论的是“影响人的生活的问题是不是会在当今得到解决”而不是“这些问题得到解决的好处”，更不是“这些问题对人们目前的生活到底好不好?

同理，题目2要讨论“现在的学生是不是没有过去的学生尊重老师”。

而题目3和4是价值判断的题目，题目4题干中出现了“best”，题目3中不管是题干还是问题中都有“prefer”这个表示偏好的词。

笔者在上文中提到，拆分法可以用于几乎所有价值判断类的题。那我们来分析下，2019年考到的价值判断类的题目有什么特点?

现象证明类题目的特点

2019/0113

Do you agree or disagree with the statement: students nowadays are more interested in politics than in the past.

2019/0414

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students do not respect their teachers as much as they did in the past.

2019/0223

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? it is difficult for teachers to be both popular (students like them) and effective to help students learning.

2019/0309

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The most important problems affecting people’s life can be solved within our life time.

2019/0825

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Although science and technology will continue to improve, the most significant improvements of the quality of people's lives have already taken place.

2019/1027

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The rapid development of cities is contributive to social progress. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

不难发现，要判断现象证明的题目可以分三步：

第一步，从设问方式判断

这类题设问方式都是：

Do you agree or disagree with the statement?

当然部分价值判断的题目也采用这种问法。

如果是需要你做出选择，比如题目这样问：

Which kind of professors will you choose when selecting the courses? Which one do you prefer?

那肯定是价值判断的题。

第二步，筛选有情感色彩的词

现象证明类题目中一般不包含情感色彩的词，比如有偏向性的词：

positive, unnecessary

比较级最高级和绝对词，比如：

too much ,only

但是也不能太绝对，价值判断类型的题目有些也是包含绝对词和比较级的。

第三步，文章内容是讨论”好不好”还是“是不是”?

价值判断类文章讨论的内容是“是不是”。总结下来就是1. 同意or不同意 2 ，偏向性3. 是不是。

拆分法的原则

那到底怎么拆分，拆什么呢?还记得NAPO吗?拆分对象一般是名词。怎么拆?笔者总结出来的原则是：PAW。没错!爪子原则!具体来说是：

P指的是介词preposition中的首字母P

A是abstract和plural 两个词共有的字母a

W指的是when, where和who

接下来，笔者会用PAW原则来分析近几年的题，尤其是2019年和2020年上半年的真题。

“P”在真题中的运用

PAW原则中的P指的是题干中出现的表示并列的介词preposition, 比如“and”和“or”

EG1 2018/0324 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People should take time to relax with hobbies and physical activities different from what they do at work.

第一步要确定题目类型，这是价值判断的题目。因为题干中出现了情感色彩的词“should”。如果同意题目的观点，总论点是人们应该与通过工作不同的兴趣和开展方式来放松。中间段我们可以从两个角度来写，即根据介词and前后的内容，拆成hobbies 和physical activities 这两项。

第一如果有和工作不相关的hobbies, 这可以扩大我们的视野(万能理由broaden one’s horizon)。我们就可以把自己的触角伸到不同领域，实现全面发展(develop in an all-round way),这样更好地适应社会(be more competitive in adapting to the society).

第二如果我们的physical activities与工作不同，这样可以更好地平衡家庭和生活(strike a balance between work and life)。理由是现在很多人都太忙(full-scheduled),而且是伏案工作(bend over one’s work at desk),如果去做一些体育运动，可以得到更好的放松(relaxation)。当重新回到工作中会更加有精力(energetic)，这样可以提高工作效率(万能理由，Improve efficiency)。

“A”在真题中的运用

PAW中的A，即将题目中的抽象名词(Abstract)和名词复数(Plural)进行拆分。

EG2 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The movies and television programs made in your own country are more interesting than those made in foreign countries.

虽然题目中包含比较级，但文章要谈论的是“自己家国家的电视和电影节目是不是比其它国家的更有趣”，所以这是一个现象证明的题。我们可以将programs这个词进行拆分，如历史风景类节目(historical and scenic spots)，介绍风俗文化的节目(tradition and customs)或者有关政治和宗教的节目(politics and religious beliefs)。

当然第三点不建议大家写，因为文章中可能包含一些敏感信息。选择自己感兴趣的几类节目进行拆分，比较自己和其它国家的节目就可以写成一篇完整文章了。

EG3 2016/0423 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Playing sports teaches people lessons about life.

这是一个现象证明的题。我们可以将sports拆分。比如足球篮球，可以教我们合作和竞争的重要性(the importance of cooperation and competition);从游泳和长跑中我们可以学到耐心(patience)和坚持的力量(persistence);还有近几年比较流行的瑜伽，可以让我们保持平和的心态(a peaceful mind)。

EG42019/0309 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?The most important problems affecting people’s life can be solved within our life time.

这又是一道现象证明的题目，原因这里暂不分析。题干中出现的problems太笼统了，到底什么问题呢?我们可以拆分成与教育和健康相关的问题(education and health)。当然也可以对你所熟悉的任何领域的问题进行拆分，只要能把道理讲清楚即可。

拆分法非常灵活!具体来讲，教育方面的问题比如教育的不平等性(educational inequality)一定能通过线上教育(online education)得到解决。再加上政府更有意识(have the awareness)投入在教育上，如果每个人都获得好的教育(decent education),这也会促进经济发展和社会进步(万能理由economic development and social progress).

第二个部分可以写，困扰我们的健康问题如今也会解决。很多疾病因为技术的发展(medical development)变得可以治疗(curable).我们医疗体系也越来越成熟(healthcare systems)。

大家思考下，下面这道题是不是可以用同样的方法进行拆分呢?

EG5 2019/0825 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Although science and technology will continue to improve, the most significant improvements of the quality of people's lives have already taken place.

也可以分将Improvements拆分成教育和医疗方面的进步，和例子4写法和内容基本一样。

“W”在真题中的运用

PAW中的最后一项W，即根据时间(when)地点(where) 和人物(who)进行拆分。即在题干中涉及的对象中选择一个，按照年龄场景和职业拆分。

年龄：Children--adults-elders或者Primary students-senior high students-college students

场景school, family and society

职业students, workers

职业拆分成更小单元scientists, teachers, journalists等

EG6 2020/0104(下午) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Teachers should assign homework that students must do every day?

这是一道价值判断的题，可以将老师根据工作类型进行细分，分成中小学老师(Primary and high school teachers)和大学老师和教授(teachers and professors )。

前者如果布置作业，学生的压力会太大(suffer from heavy pressure), 有可能还要熬夜赶作业(stay up), 这样不利于提高学习效率(万能理由improve study efficiency). 有些学生甚至产生逆反心理(complain and rebel )，这样学习表现会很差(academic performance)。

而大学老师如果每天都规定任务的话，会让学生为了完成任务而学习(fulfill the task)而不主动做事情(take the initiative to study)。这不利于以后工作(less competitive in the future career)。

EG7 2016/0910 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Neighbors do not depend on each other as before.

现象证明题。根据题目关键词来审题，是一道古今对比题。可以将Neighbors根据年龄拆分成青少年老人和成年人。

首先，对于现在的children and teenagers以及senior citizens，在空余时间(spare time)因为网络的发展(with the coverage of internet)，娱乐方式会选择看电视和网络游戏。

而对于adults, 快节奏的生活(the fast-paced society)让他们有不同的时间安排(different time schedule),甚至面对面交流都做不到(face-to-face communication)。要注意在拓展时，和过去进行比较。

EG8 2020/0104 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It is easier for people today to become more educated.

现象证明题，同样也是古今对比类题目。可以将people根据职业拆分成学生和工作人士。

对于children来说，因为国家的发展,家庭收入的提高(higher salaries),父母会在小孩的教育上投入更多.除此之外，他们的老师也受到更先进的教育(advanced education)，会帮助到他们。

至于employees, 因为互联网的发展(the wide coverage of internet)，使得他们有很多渠道去提升自己. (short-term training for certification, improve skills through online education)。

除此之外，全球化(globalization)的普及，让很多跨国企业(multi-national enterprises)的员工了解不同文化，提高沟通能力(communication skills)。

下面几个题目就根据题干中的名词所涉及的场景来拆分。

EG2 2013 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?The movies and television programs made in your own country are more interesting than those made in foreign countries.

这个题目之前讨论过，可以根据PAW中的A来拆分，同时也可以根据不同的国家countries来拆分。

比如USA这个文化大熔炉(the melting pot), 有很多节目可以让我们感受到强烈的文化冲击(cultural shock);UK一个日不落帝国(the empire on which the sun never sets )有很多辉煌的文化值得我们学习(the splendid culture);

India,一个神秘的国度(a mysterious place ),吸引我们的是历史和宗教(history and religion).这里拆分时，建议大家选择自己熟悉的国家，这样能更丰富地拓展。我们发现，这个题目可以从PAW中的W即地点来拆分，还可以根据A原则即笼统抽象的复数名词来拆分。

同一个题目，我们可以从不同的角度用不同的原则拆分。

EG9 2018/1110 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Competition among friends usually has a negative impact on friendship.

这是一个价值判断的题目，我们可以根据不同场合进行拆分。即工作和生意的竞争以及生活娱乐方面的竞争。总论点选择不同意这个观点。

具体来说，如果朋友间因为business和work产生竞争，帮助我们更好分辨朋友的真假。(distinguish the true relationship),因为很多人会因为自私(selfishness)做一些违背道德的事情。(distort the truth &cheating)。

如果是在生活方面比如Games和sports上的竞争，这样还可以促进交流,更尊重对方(enhance mutual respect)。能顺利通过挑战的关系一定是很坚固的(unbreakable).

EG10 2019/0414 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Students do not respect their teachers as much as they did in the past.

这是现象证明题，根据题目中的关键词还可以叫古今对比题。如果总论点是现在学生仍然尊重甚至更加尊重老师，可以拆分成对学生有影响的三个部分，即家庭学校和社会。

In families, 家长受教育程度更高(well-educated parents)会在注重学习表现(academic performance)的同时，灌输一些价值观念(instill high moral values),比如尊重老师。In school, 学校会开展相关的课程和观看电影来教育孩子(related course and movies);

In societies, 媒体会开展活动(launch activities)，评选和宣传好老师(awards and personal honors).而且网络的发达，会将影响力进一步扩大。

2019/0113 Do you agree or disagree with the statement: students nowadays are more interested in politics than in the past.

这个题目也可以拆分为学生在家庭，学校和社会中受到影响，而更加关注政治。观点和上面这个题目类似。

在用方法W(when where who)分析的例子6-10中，例子7.8和10都是现象证明的题中需要进行古今对比的，所以之后碰到类似的题目可以想一想可否用拆分的方法?

同时还要注意，拆分的几个部分是不相互包含的。比如有人将people拆分成年轻人，中学生和大学生。中学生和大学生也属于年轻人，这种分法就有重复。

再比如将people根据职业job or careers拆分成企业家，科学家，和新闻工作者。有些科学家和新闻工作者也是企业家，所以也是有相互包含的。如何做到拆分的对象不相似?这个问题之后还可以继续探讨。

关于拆分法的总结

通过对这十道题的分析，大家是不是对拆分法更熟悉并能灵活运用了呢?其实拆分法并不适合所有独立写作的话题。

对于大多数独立写作话题比如价值判断类的题目还是需要借助一些平时积累的常用理由，去找到2到3个分论点，然后再去拓展。拆分法可以分析几乎所有现象证明的题和部分价值判断题。

这个方法还可以用在段落拓展中，以后还会慢慢分析。

最后复习一下，拆分是什么?NAPO!

即将一些名词(N)通过不同的角度(A)分成几个部分(P)，然后每个部分各个击破(One by one)。

怎么拆分呢?PAW!

拆分题干中介词(Preposition)and或者or连接的名词, 表示抽象概念(Abstract)的名词复数(Plural)，和时间(When)地点(Where)人事物(Who) 三个原则.

总结下来就是：What and How ? NAPO and PAW!

大家学会了吗?

托福独立写作名词类使用易错点分析

托福独立写作名词类使用易错点分析。托福独立写作中因为词汇运用不当所导致的扣分问题层出不穷。很多同学并非不知道这些词汇语法问题，许多情况下都只是没有太过注意才会导致错误发生。下面上海新航道托福网上课程培训小编小编就来为大家讲解托福独立写作中词汇中名词的常见用法注意事项，帮助大家了解扣分原因找到解决方法。

1. 可数名词要有冠词代词或复数

Even expert or scholar specializing in a certain field might cover a vast spectrum of knowledge in order to succeed.

During high school, a very important time in a person’s education career, student will learn skill necessary to be successful in university and the work world.

第一句句子中的expert和scholar都是可数名词，因此需要在这些词之前加上冠词(定冠词或不定冠词)或物主代词，或变为名词的复数形式。Even experts or scholars specializing in a certain field might cover a vast spectrum of knowledge in order to succeed.

第二句句子中的student和skill也都是可数名词，全句应该改为：During high school, a very important time in a person’s education career, students will learn most of the skills necessary to be successful in university and the work world.

2. 集合名词的单复数要注意

我们来看下面的例句：

Technology is developing at a remarkable speed that our ancestors might never have foreseen.

在此句句子中，technology 是不可数名词。考生是否可以将这句句子改成：Various modern technologies are developing at a remarkable speed that our ancestors might never have foreseen呢?technology到底是可数名词还是不可数名词?

当technology理解为抽象的“科学技术”，即强调总称时，是不可数名词，如例句中的Technology is developing at a remarkable speed中的technology正是对“科学技术总称”的指代。当强调“各种各样”科技产品的时候，此时的technology则是可数名词，如例句 Various modern technologies are developing at a remarkable speed. 这类名词称之为“集合名词”，在托福独立写作中，经常使用的“集合名词”还有government，如：

The central government is so concerned about keeping pandas in existence that it is spending millions of dollars trying to determine how to artificially inseminate the giant panda. (中央政府是一级具体的“政府机关”，因此使用可数名词形式)

It is crucial for government to setup more funds by attracting larger investments to solve financial problems encountered during the course of environment-related projects. (这里的政府是“行政机关的总称”，因此使用不可数名词形式)

3. 名词的首字母大写要求介绍

在哪些情况下，名词需要对其首字母进行大写(capitalization)?

表示月份：February

表示历史事件：The Enlightenment

表示历史时期：The Middle Ages

表示书刊、报纸：The New York Times，The Washington Post

表示节日：Christmas，the Spring Festival

表示国家(地区)：North America

表示专有名词：the Amazon

以上就是托福独立写作词汇类问题中的名词用法注意事项介绍，希望能给大家提供一些词汇运用方面的参考帮助。

常见易错的托福独立写作词汇使用问题解读,谓语动词类错用情况分析!

托福独立写作中因为词汇运用不当所导致的扣分问题层出不穷。很多同学并非不知道这些词汇语法问题，许多情况下都只是没有太过注意才会导致错误发生。下面上海新航道托福在线课程小编就来为大家讲解托福独立写作中词汇中谓语动词的常见用法错误，帮助大家了解扣分原因找到解决方法。

托福独立写作词汇错误：主谓一致

我们来看以下句子：

Admittedly, books written on the basis of realities is valuable to most people.

A less complicated social environment is the most agreeable condition that help maintain the simplicity of children’s mental world.

第一句句子的主语是books，因此谓语动词应该用复数形式are而不是is，这就是“主谓一致”，即：谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语保持一致。因此，原句的正确表达为：Admittedly, books written on the basis of realities are valuable to most people.

第二句句子的主语是a less complicated social environment，谓语动词应该用单数形式helps. 因此，原句的正确表达为：A less complicated social environment is the most agreeable condition that helps maintain the simplicity of children’s mental world.

我们再来看以下句子：

The number of students who walk to school has been significantly increased.

A large number of advertisers are filling commercials with appealing visual effects so as to spark consumers’ desires to buy such targeted products.

在托福独立写作中，the number of和a large number of是考生经常使用的两个短语，前者表示“…的数量”，后者表示“大量的”。第一句句子中的主语是the number of students，“学生的数量”是单数的，所以谓语应该使用单数形式has，而不是have. 又如：There has been a sharp increase in the number of Internet users since last year. 第二句句子中的主语是a large number of advertisers，“大量的广告商”是复数的，所以谓语应该使用复数形式are，而不是is.

托福独立写作词汇错误：谓语动词的表现形式

我们来看以下句子：

Most students like to watch TV cannot finish their homework in time.

Children who find passion in sports holding on to this passion throughout life, which leads to a healthier and more successful future.

第一句句子中like to watch TV和cannot finish their homework in time都是谓语动词，一般而言，两个谓语动词需要用连词(如and或but)进行连接，或者可以将like to watch TV变为从句，如：Most students who like to watch TV cannot finish their homework in time(定语从句).

第二句句子没有谓语。句子中who find passion in sports是修饰children的“定语从句”，which leads to a healthier and more successful future是以which为引导的“非限定性定语从句”。整句句子的谓语动词应该是hold，而不应该使用非谓语形式(holding)。在托福独立写作中，尤其要注意there be句型中“谓语的表现形式”，如：

There are a great variety of articles and topics accurately reflect the diversity of users’ interest.

因为there be句型中的be本身就是谓语成分，所以不能使用reflect，而应改为：There are a great variety of articles and topics that accurately reflect the diversity of users’ interest(定语从句);或There are a great variety of articles and topics accurately reflecting the diversity of users’ interest(非谓语结构)。

托福独立写作词汇错误：谓语动词的语态

“语态”表现的是主语和谓语之间的关系，托福独立写作中主要使用“主动语态”，不建议频繁使用“被动语态”。

我们来看以下句子：

Many children can avoid their most disliked courses if they are given the opportunity to choose.

Because the content of an e-book is delivered electronically to their devices, students can shop for e-books and receive them almost immediately, any time of the day or night.

第一句句子中“避免最不喜欢的课程”动作的发出者是“孩子们”，因此是“主动语态”;而他们“被”提供机会进行选择是“被动”的。第二句句子中“电子书的内容”和“将电子版本传输到学生的设备之中”是“被动”的关系，而学生“购买电子图书”和“不管白天还是黑夜，可以第一时间收到这些图书”都是“主动”的关系。

我们来看下面的例句：

Modern citizens are faced unprecedented psychological pressure when they are heavily loaded with mountains of information from the network of mass media.

从句中，they (指现代公民，modern citizens)和满载着大量信息(load with mountains of information)是“被动”的关系，而他们和面临空前的心理压力(face unprecedented psychological pressure)是“主动”的关系，所以原句应该改为：Modern citizens are facing unprecedented psychological pressure when they are heavily loaded with mountains of information from the network of mass media.

在托福独立写作中，face是考生经常需要使用到的单词，解释为“面临、直面”，face也是一个很难正确使用的单词。当要表达“他面临着很多生意上的麻烦”意思的时候，考生可以使用He is facing many business troubles. 或者He is faced with many business troubles. 因为face往往用于“主动语态”，而be faced with用于“被动语态”，又如：

When facing overwhelming challenges, each individual should be well equipped with a vast range of knowledge and a broadened mind.

When they are faced with the increasingly powerful domination of money, people ought to take precautions as early as possible so as not to become slaves of wealth.

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