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托福阅读提分上25+难度有点高

时间：2023年11月05日

来源：wujiaru323

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以下文章小编为您整理的托福阅读提分上25+难度有点高，本文共6篇，供大家阅读。本文原稿由网友“wujiaru323”提供。

篇1：托福阅读提分上25+难度有点高

托福阅读提分上25+难度有点高?做到这3点提升成绩不是梦

托福阅读3大易错扣分原因分析

想要提分，止损是第一步，所以考生需要明确的是托福阅读的主要扣分原因有哪些。许多同学阅读出错只会根据错题本身进行分析，却忽视了从更高层面去分析错误的类型和具体原因。下面小编就为大家介绍3个最为常见的托福阅读扣分原因。

1. 缺乏定位技能找不到解题点

托福阅读文章篇幅大都很长，可以说每一篇都是分量十足的长篇文章，同时每篇文章也会附带10道题目，这些题目中有一些针对文章单个段落提问，有些则是从整体理解角度来出题，换句话说，考生需要兼顾对每个段落的细节把握和对文章整体的理解才能做好阅读，这正是最让考生头痛的地方。这是因为长篇文章往往涉及到一些比较专业晦涩的科技类社会类内容，文章中存在大量长难句式和冷僻生词，本身具备一定难度，通篇阅读往往需要大量时间。而逐段阅读并同步解题的方式又会影响对整体的了解，同时文章中往往会涉及到许多细节内容，题目中也会有涉及到这些细节的部分，这让大家的定位能力受到了考验。很多同学想要看的细节找不到在哪里，只能重读一遍，大大浪费了考试时间。

应对托福阅读的这种长篇文章，最好的办法还是快速阅读+做笔记的方法。长篇文章不需要全部完整地详细阅读，在对每个段落做快速阅读的过程中，大家应该以理解文章整体大意和各段落的重心思想为主。对于各类细节内容，只要在笔记上进行标记，知道其所处位置即可。等到解答相应的细节题时，再根据标记快速返回，就能准确定位到具体内容，提升解题效率。

2. 受到文章各类细节的干扰

在托福阅读题中，为了证明作者观点，文章中常会使用到各类案例素材，这其中包含了大量细节，比如人物事迹典故，特定的事件活动或是一些具体的数字等等，这些细节十分复杂，涉及许多具体内容。而这些细节加入出现在题目当中，就会提升题目难度，特别是在一些涉及到逻辑推理的题目中，对细节把握不到位可说是扣分的主要原因。

想要应对好文章中包含的各类细节信息，考生首先需要培养阅读过程中对于这些细节的敏感性。只要在文章中看到，建议大家都第一时间做好标记，以便之后返回查找。同时，如果在题目选项中看到出现了考察细节或是逻辑推理的问题，首先要区分是否是有关内容。很多选项提到了一堆细节，本身却和题目毫无关系，只是干扰项，大家一定要学会分辨并及时排除。同时，面对这类细节或是推理题时如果实在没有头绪，可以通过排除法来解题，重点还是在理解题目本身。

3. 解题效率偏低导致整体时间不够用

细节题是套路题型，但有时候也会出现变化。很多考生解答细节题时，往往会按照返回原文查找，然后根据原文内容进行解题。但很多时候，原文中会出现许多其实并没有作用的干扰性细节，大家不能简单地按照原文提到就是对，没提到就是错的思路来解题。正确做法是先看懂题目，然后把涉及到的细节进行分类排除，只保留真正有关的细节，如此一来就能顺利应对好细节题中的那些隐藏陷阱和扣分点。

托福阅读明明都读懂了为什么还是做不对题

托福文章明明都读懂了，为什么还是做不对题?

我在任教的这几年里，总会遇到很多学生上来问我：老师，我明明都读懂了，为什么还是做不对题?每当这时候我都会有三道黑线出来。我不想直言ta其实做错题就是没读懂，因为害怕伤了ta的自尊，也害怕那么赤裸的揭露了问题的本质。我会让ta挑选出一个自己刚做错的题，让ta把对应的段逐字翻译给我听。在翻译的过程中遇到错，我就给ta调整，在这个过程中我的目的不仅仅是再一次帮他加深对于错题的理解，更主要的是想让ta发现其实做错题就是自己没有读懂，没有啥别的问题。如果你能理解我上课的中文讲解，你的逻辑其实并没有啥问题。

那有为什么同学总会觉得自己读懂了呢?其实往往这样的同学只是理解了文章的大意但是并不是每一句话都理解了，但是如果想要拿到阅读高分甚至满分真的是每一句话都要理解了，不然总会掉入到ETS的陷阱中。不妨自己逐字的翻译看看吧，然后在比较下参考译文，一定会发现自己理解错误的地方。

做阅读会经历这么几个阶段：

一篇文章错5道题以上，不分题型，时间大概是25-18miny一篇;

一篇错3道题左右，主要是推理修辞目的句子插入或者3/6，时间大概21min一篇;

1-2道题错误，可能都是词汇，20min以内做完。

对号入座自己是在哪个阶段，第一个阶段，该去大量背单词;第二个阶段该去理关系;第三个阶段背做错了的词汇题或者镇魂单词。

托福考试阅读技巧推断题如何解题

托福考试阅读技巧一、逆向推断

这类推断比较明显，往往在关键句当中有能利用的时间，地点，还有具体的取非词，找到之后针对该句的意思取个反就行。

1.The nineteenth century brought with it a burst of a new discoveries and inventions that revolutionized the candle industry and make lighting available to all. In the early-to-mid –nineteenth century, a process was developed to refine tallow with alkali and sulfuric acid. The result was a product called stearin.This breakthrough meant that it was possible to make allow candles that would not produce the usual smoke and rancid odor.

Which of the following can be inferred from this paragraph about candles before the nineteenth century?

A They did not smoke when they were burned

B They produced a pleasant odor as they burned

C They were not available to all

D They contained sulfuric acid.

这句话根据candles定位到第一句话，发现里面有the nineteenth century这个时间点，那题干问的是before the nineteenth century的情况，所以果断取个反选C

2.This was before the steam locomotive, and canal building was at its height. The companies building the canals to transport coal needed surveyors to help them find the coal deposits worth mining as well as to determine the best courses for the canals. This job gave Smith an opportunity to study the fresh rock outcrops created by the newly dug canal. He later worked on similar jobs across the length and breadth of England, all the while studying the newly revealed strata and collecting all the fossils he could find. Smith used mail coaches to travel as much as 10,000 miles per year. In 1815 he published the first modern geological map, “A Map of the Strata of England and Wales with a Part of Scotland,” a map so meticulously researched that it can still be used today.

Which of the following can be inferred about canal building?(2)

○ Canals were built primarily in the south of England rather than in other regions.

○ Canal building decreased after the steam locomotive was invented.

○ Canal building made it difficult to study rock strata which often became damaged in the process.

○ Canal builders hired surveyors like Smith to examine exposed rock strata.

这道题同样根据canal building定位到第一句，在steam locomotive出现之前，cananl building一直是稳坐泰山的地位，而题干问现在canal building怎样，所以取个反，选B。

托福考试阅读技巧二、正向推断

这类推断适应于题干与原文关系属于抽象与具体关系(整体与部分关系)，往往我们解题时要找出相应句子之间的关系。

1.Another major discovery was made in Egypt in 1989. Several skeletons of another early whale, Basilosaurus, were found in sediments left by the Tethys Sea and now exposed in the Sahara desert. This whale lived around 40 million years ago, 12 million years after Pakicetus. Many incomplete skeletons were found but they included, for the first time in an archaeocyte, a complete hind leg that features a foot with three tiny toes. Such legs would have been far too small to have supported the 50-foot-long Basilosaurus on land. Basilosaurus was undoubtedly a fully marine whale with possibly nonfunctional, or vestigial, hind legs.

It can be inferred that Basilosaurus bred and gave birth in which of the following locations (4)

○On land

○Both on land and at sea

○In shallow water

○In a marine environment

本题问Basilosaurus在哪里哺育生命，我们发现原文里没有直接体现相关概念的定位句，但是标红句告诉我们Basilosaurus是一个海洋生物，那试想一下，海洋生物在哪里哺育生命?当然在海里了，所以选D。

2.Even the kind of stability defined as simple lack of change is not always associated with maximum diversity. At least in temperate zones, maximum diversity is often found in mid-successional stages, not in the climax community. Once a redwood forest matures, for example, the kinds of species and the number of individuals growing on the forest floor are reduced. In general, diversity, by itself, does not ensure stability. Mathematical models of ecosystems likewise suggest that diversity does not guarantee ecosystem stability—just the opposite, in fact. A more complicated system is, in general, more likely than a simple system to break down. A fifteen-speed racing bicycle is more likely to break down than a child’s tricycle.

Which of the following can be inferred about redwood forests?(3)

○They become less stable as they mature.

○They support many species when they reach climax.

○They are found in temperate zones.

○They have reduced diversity during mid-successional stages.

这道题也很经典，首先根据题干定位词redwood forest定位到标红句，但是仔细看一下4个选项中没有能直接体现相关意思的(比如A选项，They指代的是redwood forest，而原文指的是species的数量减少)，这时候往前找更抽象的句子，发现前一句，说at least in temperate zones那这就表明下面的概念都是在temperate zones这个大环境下描述的，那么作为细节出现的redwood forest当然也应该满足这个条件。所以选C。

托福考试阅读技巧：掌握3个要素提升阅读速度

1、增强对于背景知识的了解

在托福阅读考试中，要求考生掌握的单词在8000左右，而且在托福阅读考试中出现的内容一般都是比较学术的，虽然本着公平性的原则，ETS不会对某个专业考察的过于深入，但是如果考生对于托福阅读考试中文章中主要讲述的内容一点都不了解，那么势必会拖慢我们的阅读速度。因此小编建议考生在备考的时候多多的阅读，多读一些关于人文知识，社会知识，历史知识等方面的文章，在开阔自己眼界的同时，提升托福阅读速度。

2、学会放弃

在托福阅读考试中，如果考生真的遇到了自己不认识的单词，或者是怎么分析也找不到头绪的句子，不建议考生一直反反复复的阅读，浪费大量的时间。考生可以先适时的放弃，到最后如果题目中涉及到了这些内容，在理解全文的基础上，再反过来进行分析。

3、学会翻译

在托福阅读考试中会大量的出现长难句，很多考生在面对这些长难句的时候，往往还会采用传统的翻译方式，从前往后翻译，这样做的结果就是往往翻译到了最后，考生依然不明白这句话想要表达的观点是什么。因此小编建议，考生在托福阅读考试中，如果遇到了长难句，要先对它进行语法分析，找到句子的主干之后，再看句子的修饰成分。比如考生在回答TPO6 Powering the Industrial Revolution中的This “atmospheric engine,”invented by Thomas Savery and vastly improved by his partner, Thomas Newcomen, embodied revolutionary principles, but it was so slow and wasteful of fuel that it could not be employed(outside the coal mines)(for which it had been designed.)就应该先掌握这句话的主干部分是This “atmospheric engine, embodied revolutionary principles, but it was…，修饰部分是invented by Thomas Savery and vastly improved by his partner, Thomas Newcomen……

然后再进行翻译，这一由托马斯赛佛瑞发明并由他的同伴托马斯纽科门对其进行改良的“大气引擎”，被赋予了革命性的工作原理，但其效率低下且浪费燃料，无法在煤矿以外的地区使用，这与最初的设计期望背道而驰。

托福阅读考试练习题目 4类难题解题技巧分析

托福阅读考试练习题目1、比喻修辞题

修辞目的题是常见于托福阅读部分的一种题型，这里的“修辞”其实并不是考查修辞方法，而是涉及相应段落在文章中的作用，如：总结，回答问题，反驳，解释说明等。而“目的”则是考查对文章展开形式的把握，是否了解到文章的结构为：观点+细节。

托福阅读考试练习题目2、推理题

og上将推理题定义为检查考生对文章中强烈建议，但绝不明说观点的理解程度，属于理解性题目。

托福阅读考试练习题目3、推断题

说到托福阅读题，你觉得哪种阅读题型最难做?相信有将近50%的童鞋都会把票投给推断题。每次考试遇到推断题，都有一种被难题支配的恐惧和阴影......

推断题是有一定的难度所在的，这点可以从托福考试官方指南(og)的改变上就可发现一些端倪。第三版og上，推断题的考查数量为0-2题，第四版og已经增加到1-3题，ETS的用(yin)意(mou)所在可见一斑。

托福阅读考试练习题目4、修辞目的题

除了很难的阅读推断题，在托福阅读题型中有一种题型跟它恰好相反，是比较好驾驭的一种题型，那就是修辞目的题，听起来很高端的样子，虽然这类题型的答案在文中很好定位，但要想拿下高分还是有一定困难的。

如何做好这两类阅读题型

虽然一个是很难的推断题，一个是比较好驾驭的比喻修辞题，但它们有一个同样的做题难点—耗时又耗力。

篇2：托福阅读提分难度大怎么办

托福阅读提分难度大怎么办?3个高正确率做题方法技巧分享

重视阅读词汇一词多义问题

熟悉托福考试的同学都知道，托福阅读试题中的词汇题经常会出现一些难度比较大的词汇，因此在做词汇题时，许多考生认为做不对题与自己的词汇量有关，认识单词能做对，不认识单词就会做错。事实上，很多人存在的问题反而是那些认识的单词经常做错，不认识的单词反而能做对。究其原因，做不认识单词时，考生往往会仔细研读词汇题的上下文，力求在上下文中突破。而做认识单词时，大家就更容易忽略上下文的重要性，往往是装模作样的看一下上下文，便匆匆做出抉择。所以，做好词汇题关键在于端正态度，对于生词本就应该引起重视，而对于熟词也绝不能放松大意。

看文章要带着问题边看边找答案

在考试的时候，很多考生一拿到试卷便直接翻看后面的题目，自己揣测题意。在这种方法相当于瞎子摸象，对文章只有局部而主观的认知，整个文章的概念是根本无法获得的。以自己的思想去猜测文章大意，很多时候会偏离主旨。所以，这种不看文章直接做题的方法是极其危险的。建议大家先看过题目不要看选项，然后带着题目看文章，看完后再解题，这样才是比较符合考试要求的阅读做题顺序方法。

阅读文章避免过于精读保证速度

有些同学与上述情况则相反，过度地依赖文章，在看到试卷之后，一字不将文章精读一遍再做题。如果你的阅读速度超群，或者这篇文章你很熟悉，那这样做未尝不可。但是一般来说，仔细精读文章会导致做题时间严重不足。要知道，阅读理解测试的不止是理解，更是速度。

以上就是小编为大家指点的托福阅读的实用提分技巧方法，相信通过上文内容，大家再结合一些实际练习就能掌握这些方法，让自己的托福成绩得到有效提升。

托福阅读长难句：学龄前预备项目

(In addition), results (from other types of preschool readiness programs)indicate that those (who participate and graduate) are less like to repeat grades, and they are more likely to complete school than readiness program, (for every dollar spent on the program, taxpayers saved seven dollars by the time the graduates reached the age of 27.)(TPO31, 55)

分析：

这个句子的主干：results indicate that

后面从句是一个并列结构：those are less like to repeat grades, and they are more likely to complete schoolthan readiness program

修饰一：(In addition)，介词短语

中文：另外

修饰二：(from other types of preschool readiness programs)，介词短语

中文：来自其他类型的学龄前预备项目

修饰三：(who participate and graduate)，从句，修饰those

中文：参加并且毕业

修饰四：(for every dollar spent on the program, taxpayers saved seven dollars by the time the graduates reached the age of 27.)，从句

注意从句里面还有一个从句，即by the time+从句 the graduates reached the age of 27，此处的by the time可看成连词，像anytime/every time/the moment一样。

中文：因为花在这个项目的每一美元，在毕业生27岁时，纳税人可以节约7美元

参考翻译：

另外，来自其他类型的学龄前预备项目的结果表明：那些参加过学前项目并毕业的人重读可能性更少，他们更愿意完成学校而不是预备项目，因为花在这个项目的每一美元，在毕业生27岁时，纳税人可以节约7美元。

托福阅读长难句：肥沃土地的杂草

A fertile, plowed field is rapidly invaded by a large variety of weeds, whereas a neighboring construction site from which the soil has been compacted or removed to expose a coarse, infertile parent material may remain virtually free of vegetation for many months or even years despite receiving the same input of seeds as the plowed field. (TPO32, 56)

fertile /'fɜːtaɪl/ adj. (指土地)肥沃的, 富饶的;(指动植物)能结果实的, 能生育的;(指人的头脑)主意多的, 有创造力的

plow /plau/ v. 犁<地>，用犁耕<地>

compact /kəm'pækt/ v. 将(某物)紧压在一起

coarse /kɔːs/ adj. 粗糙的;(指食物﹑ 酒等)低劣的, 粗劣的;不高雅的，粗俗的;

A fertile, plowed field is rapidly invaded (by a large variety of weeds), whereas a neighboring construction site (from which the soil has been compacted or removed to expose a coarse, infertile parent material) may remain virtually free of vegetation (for many months or even years) (despite receiving the same input of seeds as the plowed field.) (TPO32, 56)

长难句分析：

这个句子的主干部分是：

A fertile, plowed field is rapidly invaded whereas a neighboring construction site may remain virtually free of vegetation

whereas然而，表示对比，对比两种情况

修饰一：(by a large variety of weeds) ，介词短语

中文：被各种各样的杂草

修饰二：(from which the soil has been compacted or removed to expose a coarse, infertile parent material) ，从句，修饰a neighboring construction site

这个句子理解的难点应该就在这里了，这个从句把a neighboringconstruction site和may remain virtually free ofvegetation分开了，注意断句不要出问题，这种现象之前我们碰到很多了。

中文：这里的土壤被紧压或移除过以至于露出母质层(不要去理解啥是parent material，学术名词)

修饰三：(for many months or even years) ，介词短语

中文：几个月偶然甚至是几年

修饰四：(despite receiving the same inputof seeds as the plowed field.) ，介词短语

中文：尽管得到了和这块翻耕地同样多的种子

参考翻译：

一块肥沃且被翻耕过的土地会被各种各样的杂草迅速入侵，然而一个邻近的建筑工地(这里的土壤被紧压或移除过以至于露出母质层)可能几个月甚至几年都几乎没有植被覆盖，尽管得到了和这块翻耕地同样多的种子。

篇3：GRE阅读提分难度高别埋头做题

GRE阅读提分难度高别埋头做题从发现扣分原因开始提升

GRE阅读哪些原因容易导致扣分?

首先，考生需要明确的是GRE阅读的主要扣分原因有哪些。许多同学阅读出错只会根据错题本身进行分析，却忽视了从更高层面去分析错误的类型和具体原因。下面小编就为大家介绍3个最常见的GRE阅读扣分原因。

1. 定位技巧未掌握

GRE阅读文章篇幅不一，大致可分为短篇文章和长篇文章，其中大部分阅读包括逻辑阅读的文章都是短篇，一次GRE考试中长篇文章的数量一般只有1篇。但恰恰是这1篇的长篇阅读，才是最让考生头痛的内容。这是因为长篇文章往往涉及到一些比较专业晦涩的科技类社会类内容，文章中存在大量长难句式和冷僻生词，本身具备一定难度，通篇阅读往往需要大量时间。同时文章中往往会涉及到许多细节内容，题目中也会有涉及到这些细节的部分，定位就成为了大问题。想要看的细节找不到在哪里，只能重读一遍，大大浪费了考试时间。

应对长篇文章，最好的办法还是快速阅读+做笔记的方法。长篇文章不需要全部完整地详细阅读，在快速阅读过程中，大家应该以理解文章整体大意和各段落的重心思想为主。对于各类细节内容，只要在笔记上进行标记，知道其所处位置即可。等到解答相应的细节题时，再根据标记快速返回，就能准确定位到具体内容，提升解题效率。

2. 被文章细节带偏注意力

在GRE阅读题中，为了证明作者观点，文章中常会使用到一些具体的数字，有些数字十分复杂，涉及许多具体内容。而这些数字加入出现在题目当中，就会提升题目难度，特别是在一些Support或者Infer题目中，选项中的数字可以说是扣分的主要原因。

想要应对好复杂数字问题，考生首先需要培养阅读过程中对于数字的敏感性。只要在文章中看到，建议大家都第一时间做好标记，以便之后返回查找。同时，如果在题目选项中看到出现了数字问题，首先要区分是否是有关内容。很多选项提到了一堆数字，本身却和题目毫无关系，只是干扰项，大家一定要学会分辨并及时排除。同时，面对数字题时如果实在没有头绪，可以通过排除法来解题，重点还是在理解题目本身。

3. 解题效率低时间不够用

了解了上面这些GRE阅读扣分原因，考生接下来要做的就是针对问题来解决了。小编希望上文内容能够帮助大家明确自己在阅读解题过程中存在的问题不足，及时改进并顺利提升GRE阅读能力和考试得分。

GRE阅读练习每日一篇

Geologists have long known that the Earth’s mantle is heterogeneous, but its spatial arrangement remains unresolved—is the mantle essentially layered or irregularly heterogeneous? The best evidence for the layered mantle thesis is the well-established fact that volcanic rocks found on oceanic islands, islands believed to result from mantle plumes (地柱) arising from the lower mantle, are composed of material fundamentally different from that of the midocean ridge system, whose source, most geologists contend, is the upper mantle.

Some geologists, however, on the basis of observations concerning mantle xenoliths, argue that the mantle is not layered, but that heterogeneity is created by fluids rich in “incompatible elements” (elements tending toward liquid rather than solid state) percolating upward and transforming portions of the upper mantle irregularly, according to the vagaries of the fluids’ pathways. We believe, perhaps unimaginatively, that this debate can be resolved through further study, and that the underexplored midocean ridge system is the key.

17. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?

(A) Current theories regarding the structure of the Earth’s mantle cannot account for new discoveries regarding the composition of mantle xenoliths.

(B) There are conflicting hypotheses about the heterogeneity of the Earth’s mantle because few mantle elements have been thoroughly studied.

(D) There is clear-cut disagreement within the geological community over the structure of the Earth’s mantle.

(E) There has recently been a strong and exciting challenge to geologists’ long-standing belief in the heterogeneity of the Earth’s mantle.

18. According to the passage, it is believed that oceanic islands are formed from

(A) the same material as mantle xenoliths

(B) the same material as the midocean ridge system

(D) incompatible elements percolating up from the lower mantle

(E) mantle plumes arising from the lower mantle

19. It can be inferred from the passage that the supporters of the “layered-mantle” theory believe which of the following?

I. The volcanic rocks on oceanic islands are composed of material derived from the lower part of the mantle.

II. The materials of which volcanic rocks on oceanic islands and midocean ridges are composed are typical of the layers from which they are thought to originate.

III. The differences in composition between volcanic rocks on oceanic islands and the midocean ridges are a result of different concentrations of incompatible elements.

(A) I only

(B) III only

(D) II and III only

(E) I, II, and III

20. The authors suggest that their proposal for determining the nature of the mantle’s heterogeneity might be considered by many to be

(A) pedestrian

(B) controversial

(D) novel

(E) paradoxical

Many literary detectives have pored over (沉思，深思熟虑) a great puzzle concerning the writer Marcel Proust: what happened in 1909? How did Contre Saint-Beuve, an essay attacking the methods of the critic Saint Beuve, turn into the start of the novel Remembrance of Things Past? A recently published letter from Proust to the editor Vallette confirms that Fallois, the editor of the 1954 edition of Contre Saint-Beuve, made an essentially correct guess about the relationship of the essay to the novel. Fallois proposed that Proust had tried to begin a novel in 1908, abandoned it for what was to be a long demonstration of Saint-Beuve’s blindness to the real nature of great writing, found the essay giving rise to personal memories and fictional developments, and allowed these to take over in a steadily developing novel.

Draft passages in Proust’s 1909 notebooks indicate that the transition from essay to novel began in Contre Saint-Beuve, when Proust introduced several examples to show the powerful influence that involuntary memory exerts over the creative imagination. In effect, in trying to demonstrate that the imagination is more profound and less submissive to the intellect than Saint-Beuve assumed, Proust elicited vital memories of his own and, finding subtle connections between them, began to amass the material for Remembrance. By August, Proust was writing to Vallette, informing him of his intention to develop the material as a novel. Maurice Bardeche, in Marcel Proust, romancier, has shown the importance in the drafts of Remembrance of spontaneous and apparently random associations of Proust’s subconscious. As incidents and reflections occurred to Proust, he continually inserted new passages altering and expanding his narrative. But he found it difficult to control the drift of his inspiration. The very richness and complexity of the meaningful relationships that kept presenting and rearranging themselves on all levels, from abstract intelligence to profound dreamy feelings, made it difficult for Proust to set them out (to state, describe, or recite at length “distributed copies of a pamphlet setting out his ideas in full S. F. Mason”) coherently. The beginning of control came when he saw how to connect the beginning and the end of his novel.

Intrigued by Proust’s claim that he had “begun and finished” Remembrance at the same time, Henri Bonnet discovered that parts of Remembrance’s last book were actually started in 1909. Already in that year, Proust had drafted descriptions of his novel’s characters in their old age that would appear in the final book of Remembrance, where the permanence of art is set against the ravages of time. The letter to Vallette, drafts of the essay and novel, and Bonnet’s researches establish in broad outline the process by which Proust generated his novel out of the ruins of his essay. But those of us who hoped, with Kolb, that Kolb’s newly published complete edition of Proust’s correspondence for 1909 would document the process in greater detail are disappointed. For until Proust was confident that he was at last in sight of a viable structure for Remembrance, he told few correspondents that he was producing anything more ambitious than Contre Saint-Beuve.

21. The passage is primarily concerned with

(A) the role of involuntary memory in Proust’s writing

(B) evidence concerning the genesis of Proust’s novel Remembrance of Things Past

(D) Proust’s correspondence and what it reveals about Remembrance of Things Past

(E) the influence of Saint-Beuve’s criticism on Proust’s novel Remembrance of Things Past

22. It can be inferred from the passage that all of the following are literary detectives who have tried, by means of either scholarship or criticism, to help solve the “great puzzle” mentioned in lines 1-2 EXCEPT:

(A) Bardeche

(B) Bonnet

(D) Kolb

(E) Vallette

23. According to the passage, in drafts of Contre Saint Beuve Proust set out to show that Saint-Beuve made which of the following mistakes as a critic?

I. Saint-Beuve made no effort to study the development of a novel through its drafts and revisions.

II. Saint-Beuve assigned too great a role in the creative process to a writer’s conscious intellect.

III. Saint-Beuve concentrated too much on plots and not enough on imagery and other elements of style.

(A) II only

(B) III only

(D) I and III only

(E) I, II, and III

24. Which of the following best states the author’s attitude toward the information that scholars have gathered about Proust’s writing in 1909?

(A) The author is disappointed that no new documents have come to light since Fallois’s speculations.

(B) The author is dissatisfied because there are too many gaps and inconsistencies in the drafts.

(C) The author is confident that Fallois’s 1954 guess has been proved largely correct, but regrets that still more detailed documentation concerning Proust’s transition from the essay to the novel has not emerged.

(D) The author is satisfied that Fallois’s judgment was largely correct, but feels that Proust’s early work in designing and writing the novel was probably far more deliberate than Fallois’s description of the process would suggest.

(E) The author is satisfied that the facts of Proust’s life in 1909 have been thoroughly established, but believes such documents as drafts and correspondence are only of limited value in a critical assessment of Proust’s writing.

25. The author of the passage implies that which of the following would be the LEAST useful source of information about Proust’s transition from working on Contre Saint-Beuve to having a viable structure for Remembrance of Things Past?

(A) Fallois’s comments in the 1954 edition of Contre Saint-Beuve

(B) Proust’s 1909 notebooks, including the drafts of Remembrance of Things Past

(D) Bardeche’s Marcel Proust, romancier

(E) Bonnet’s researches concerning Proust’s drafts of the final book of Remembrance of Things Past

26. The passage offers information to answer which of the following questions?

(A) Precisely when in 1909 did Proust decide to abandon Contre Saint-Beuve?

(B) Precisely when in 1909 did Proust decide to connect the beginning and the end of Remembrance of Things Past?

(D) What specific criticisms of Saint-Beuve appear, in fictional form, in Remembrance of Things Past?

(E) What is a theme concerning art that appears in the final book of Remembrance of Things Past?

27. Which of the following best describes the relationship between Contre Saint-Beuve and Remembrance of Things Past as it is explained in the passage?

(A) Immediately after abandoning Contre Saint-Beuve, at Vallette’s suggestion, Proust started Remembrance as a fictional demonstration that Saint-Beuve was wrong about the imagination.

(B) Immediately after abandoning Contre Saint-Beuve, at Vallette’s suggestion, Proust turned his attention to Remembrance, starting with incidents that had occurred to him while planning the essay.

(C) Despondent that he could not find a coherent structure for Contre Saint-Beuve, an essay about the role of memory in fiction, Proust began instead to write Remembrance, a novel devoted to important early memories.

(D) While developing his argument about the imagination in Contre Saint-Beuve, Proust described and began to link together personal memories that became a foundation for Remembrance.

(E) While developing his argument about memory and imagination in Contre Saint-Beuve, Proust created fictional characters to embody the abstract themes in his essay.

答案：17-27：DECABEACCED

篇4：托福阅读提速提分高效解题技巧经验

托福阅读提速提分高效解题技巧经验分享做题太慢快来看

托福阅读提分需具备基本技能

首先需要明确的一点是，托福考试中对于考生的阅读能力有较高要求，而这种要求不仅体现在阅读部分，考试中的其它部分也都需要运用到大家的阅读能力，因此，提升阅读能力是解决托福阅读时间问题的关键所在。具体来说，托福考试不仅有单独的托福阅读理解测试，而且在口语以及写作方面的测试中也明显的对阅读能力提出了要求。按照ETS的官方说明，托福阅读中的文章都是科普文章，结构特征和内容特征是比较明显的，所以大家可以从以下四个方面来提升托福阅读的解题效率减少耗时。

1. 打好词汇基础是阅读提速第一步

想要做好托福阅读，背托福单词是最基础的。这个就是需要学员自己完成任务。但是尤为重要的一点是，托福考试中，对单词的考查不仅仅是背过单词含义就可以，更重要的是要学会应用，学会在文章中理解使用单词。

2. 搞定长难句阅读速度更理想

同中文的一句一句短小的句子不同，英文中的句子多是长句，有时候一个句子就是一段。而且英文的句子多是主从复合句，以中式的思维逻辑来学习会很不习惯，不能适应句子的2.语序。这就需要托福考生在平时的训练中多读多看，扩大泛读。

3.把握文章结构有助提升整体阅读速度

托福阅读的文章大多都是学术性比较强的文章，而这类文章的特点之一就是大都具有明确的文章结构，特别是文章的中心内容和各个段落的大意，往往会在段落的段首第一句就直接给出，也就是说，考生如果能够熟练掌握学术类文章的大致结构，就能很大幅度提升阅读和理解文章的速度，对于解题中寻找各类核心内容细节案例的题型也会有更高效的定位方法。

4.特殊题型阅读对应部分即可做题

除了文章的结构固定外，托福阅读题型中有很多题型都有比较高效的解决方法。比如出现频率较高的主旨题和态度题等等，看似需要通读全文才能解答，实际上都可以依靠快速阅读或者直接寻找中心句主旨句和态度词等便捷方法快速解决，掌握解题技巧后能够为大家节省出很多时间。

多做笔记也能提升阅读速度

除了上述技巧外，托福阅读考试过程中，学会快速记笔记也是有效地把握文章结构，记录重要信息的手段。如果大家能够养成边读边记的习惯，会让理解效率大大提高。从这个角度来看，同学们更应该以托福考试为契机，培养自己这种良好的阅读习惯，从而在学习和研究中达到事半功倍的效果。

总而言之，托福阅读时间不够用的问题想要解决并不困难，考生如果能结合上文提到的各类方法技巧，再加上一些练习的巩固，很快就能摆脱阅读时间不足的困扰，高效而准确地做好托福阅读拿到理想成绩。

托福阅读如何正确略读

托福阅读略读有下列几个特点：

A.以极快的速度阅读文章，寻找字面上或事实上的主要信息和少量的阐述信息。

B.可以跳过某个部分或某些部分不读。

C.理解水平可以稍低一些，但也不能太低。

可以运用下列托福阅读技巧：

A.要利用印刷细节(typographical details)，如托福阅读文章的标题、副标题、小标题、斜体词、黑体词、脚注、标点符号等，对文章进行预测略读(preview skimming)。预测略读要了解作者的思路、文章方式(模式)，以便把握大意，有关的细节及其相互关系

B.以一般阅读速度(200～250wpm)阅读文章开头的一、二段，力求抓住文章大意，背景情况，作者的文章风格，口吻或语气等。

C.阅读段落的主题句和结论句。抓住主题句就掌握了段落大意，然后略去细节不读，以求得略读速度，这一点是托福快速阅读技巧要抓住的最重要的一点。

D.注意转折词和序列词。转折词如however，moreover，in addition等;序列词如firstly，secondly等。

托福阅读中信号词的作用

1.显示相同信息的信号词

There has been an upsurge of interest in chamber music. Likewise opera is receiving a boost from increased record sales.

“likewise”这一信号词显示了前面所提到的idea后面还要再一次出现。因此，阅读时见到这样的信号词无须放慢阅读速度。这样的信号词还包括：and, furthermore, more, than, that, also, likewise, moreover, in addition, what is more, for instance, for example

2.显示思路转折的信号词

I'd like to go but I'm too busy.

“but”前后是完全不同的信息描述，它向读者显示了作者的思路在这里有了转折。阅读时，碰到这样的信号词我们需放慢阅读速度，以准确获取作者真正想要说明的意思。这类信号词还有：

although, however, on the contrary, but, in spite of, otherwise, despite, nevertheless, yet

3.显示因果关系的信号词

As a result of the pilots'strike, all flights have had to be cancelled.

All flights have had to be cancelled as a result of the pilots'strike.

所有航班被取消的原因是因为飞行员们的罢工;飞行员们的罢工导致了所有的航班不得不被取消。显示因果关系的信号词还有：for, thus, because, for this reason, so, therefore, as, since, consequently

4.显示顺序的信号词

Internet speeds communication between companies, among co-workers through video-conferences, and among other individuals. First, media companies use the Internet for online news, or to broadcast audio and video, including live radio and television programs, while individuals use the Internet for communication, entertainment, finding information, buying and selling goods and services. Second,the notion of distance disappears thanks to the Internet. People also enjoy instant messaging to exchange text messages or pictures in real time, with real-time video and sound. Finally, scientists and scholars use the Internet to perform research, distribute lecture notes or course materials to students, they communicate with colleagues, and can also publish papers and articles.

抓住了这样的信号词就把握住了作者叙述的顺序，也就分清了相对独立的论据。这样的信号词包括：

first, second, third, and so on, then, after, before, next, last, afterward, finally

5.表示结论/总结的信号词

In conclusion, I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.

词组“in conclusion”前面所提到的一些信息将在这里被归纳总结。读到带有这样的信号词或短语的句子时，应格外留心注意，它们往往会向我们提示相关段落的核心信息。表示结论或总结的信号词和短语还有：

as a result, finally, therefore, accordingly, in short, thus, consequently, in conclusion, so, in brief, in a word

新托福口语考试中的阅读材料是一个百十来字的段落，阅读时我们不应把每个句子都孤立开来，而是要把所有的句子连成一个整体，通过准确把握句子与句子之间的逻辑关系来挖掘托福阅读段的主题。

托福阅读考试切勿拖拉

在托福考试备考的最后阶段，做做模拟练习题是必不可少的。假如有条件的话，最好做一下模考软件。因为这样可以模拟新托福机考的真实场景。比较推荐的模考软件有Barron， Kaplan以及一些比较权威的模考网站。

假如基础一般的同学，想要参加托福考试，最好提前3-4个月预备起来。一本好的词汇书是必不可少的。其实背哪一本词汇书不是重点所在，重要的是能够持之以恒，天天对所背的词汇进行复习和总结。因为你在做词汇题时假如能碰到你熟悉的词，可以节省你会到文章中去看上下文猜词的时间。

虽然不能保证背到就一定能考到，但是单词可以帮助你更好的理解文章。曾经有一名语言专家这样说过：“Without grammar， little can be conveyed and without vocabulary， nothing can be conveyed。”足以说明词汇的重要性。

即将参加托福考试，英语具备一定基础，听力阅读能力较强但是写作口语较为薄弱的学生

然后要从理解托福阅读文章的结构开始理解文章。我们要明白，托福考试的阅读文章都是北美校园基础课程的文章，基本没有做过改动。所以文章的结构就是完全按照美式作文的五段法，我们的考生只要用这样的方式去分析每一篇文章，就会发现他们的结构是大同小异的。

积累背景知识对我们来说相当的重要，因此我们在做新托福阅读的题目的同时，也应该在空余的时候多阅读课外读物，原版杂志。譬如，国家地理，自然，今日美国等一些闻名的原版杂志，这不仅可以扩充我们的背景知识，同时也可以补充我们在词汇量上的不足。

以上为大家介绍了托福考试备考时大家需要做的事情，托福阅读如果能坚持练习并且也有一个正确的方法的话还是可以得到一个不错的分数的，祝大家托福考试能够顺利完成。

篇5：托福阅读压轴大题难度高得分率低?

托福阅读压轴大题难度高得分率低?总结题型答题技巧思路精讲

托福阅读总结题(Prose Summary)题型特点分析

想要做好托福阅读总结题，考生需要对这个题型的特点有较为全面深刻的认识。总结题的特点主要有这几点：

1. 必然是最后一题

托福阅读总结题必然是一篇托福文章14道左右题目中的最后一题，只会出现在结尾位置，考生不用担心会在做题过程当中遇到这一题型。

2. 和图表题只会2选1不会同时出现

作为每篇阅读的压底题型，总结题和图表题每次只会出现其中一个题型，两个题型不会同时出现在一篇阅读中。另外，就近期考生反馈来看，总结题出现的频率要远高于图表题，这也是本文重点讲解总结题的主要原因。

3. 分值较高算分方式独特

总结题不同于托福阅读其它题型，在计分方式上其它阅读题每题都是1分，而总结题的满分则是2分。总结题需要考生从6个选项中选出3个正确选项。1个都没选对或者只选对1个选项不得分。选对2个选项得1分，3个选项都选对才能得到2分。

4. 考点涉及整篇文章而非单独段落

总结题的考点涉及整篇文章，一般是对文章整体结构内容主旨提问，不同于其它阅读题型一般只围绕单个词汇表达或者特定段落而提分，这也是总结题的难点所在。

托福阅读总结题解题思路分析

那么，面对这个独特而有难度的题型，考生应该如何思考解题才能保证较高的正确率呢?

1. 调整阅读习惯

从根本上解决做总结题困扰的方式其实很简单，那就是考生需要调整自己的阅读解题习惯，先看完整篇文章再来做题。由于托福阅读考试部分的题量很大时间紧张，因此大部分考生目前采取的主流解题方式是一边看文章一边做题，也就是看完一段文章，把这段文章涉及到的题目都做完再看下一段文章。这种做法适用于阅读中的大部分题型，但惟独不适合总结题。因为这种习惯等于是把完整的文章拆碎来看，考生会缺乏对文章整体大意的理解，所以才会做不好总结题。但调整阅读习惯意味着考生需要花更多的时间来看文章，对于本就不太够用的阅读时间来说可能会带来更大的负担压力，所以为了一道总结题而改变调整阅读习惯是否值得，还需要大家自行斟酌其中得失。

2. 记录段落概要

比起第一种方法来说，通过记录段落概要的方式来做好总结题可能是更加符合大家客观需求的实用做法。具体来说，既然考生目前做阅读题大多习惯读一段做几道题，那么想要做好总结题，大家要做的就是在这个过程中保证自己对全文的把握理解。要做到这一点其实并不困难，考生只需要在每读完一段文章后，在草稿纸上把这段文章的大意直接记录下来即可。大家只要记下这段文章主要讲了什么，到了总结题前把这些记录内容整个看一遍，花不了多少时间，就能提升对文章内容的整体印象，之后再解答总结题，其难度自然就不会太高了。

3. 学会排除选项

最后一个方法其实属于细节技巧，需要考生通过做题来积累，那就是寻找总结题选项的套路来进行排除。这种做法追求的第一目标不是拿到满分，而是获得至少1分。既然总结题的题型是6选3，那么考生如果能够直接在早期就通过选项分析排除掉1-2个错误选项，之后哪怕是猜测答案，也可以保证更高的命中率，拿到1分甚至2分的成绩。而这一点其实并不困难，因为总结题选项中，经常会出现一些存在明显问题错误的选项，比如用词太多绝对武断，或者太过描述细节没有起到概括作用，又或是文章中根本没有提及等等。考生要做的就是多做总结题多观察对错选项的特征，并打磨出一套自己的选项对错判断标准，在考试中应用并排除选项，从而提升总结题的解题准确率和得分。

总而言之，托福阅读总结题作为每篇阅读的“守关大将”，是高风险但也有高回报的题目。如果考生追求托福阅读高分，那么做好总结题也是必须的。小编希望本文内容能够给大家提供一些解题方面的参考帮助。

托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：学龄前预备项目研究结果

托福阅读100个长难句实例分析

原句案例：

In addition, results from other types of preschool readiness programs indicate that those who participate and graduate are less like to repeat grades, and they are more likely to complete school than readiness program, for every dollar spent on the program,taxpayers saved seven dollars by the time the graduates reached the age of 27.

结构划分：

深度分析：

这个句子的主干：results indicate that

后面从句是一个并列结构：those are less like to repeat grades, and they are more likely to complete schoolthan readiness program

修饰一：(In addition)，介词短语

中文：另外

修饰二：(from other types of preschool readiness programs)，介词短语

中文：来自其他类型的学龄前预备项目

修饰三：(who participate and graduate)，从句，修饰those

中文：参加并且毕业

修饰四：(for every dollar spent on the program, taxpayers saved seven dollars by the time the graduates reached the age of 27.)，从句

注意从句里面还有一个从句，即by the time+从句 the graduates reached the age of 27，此处的by the time可看成连词，像anytime/every time/the moment一样。

中文：因为花在这个项目的每一美元，在毕业生27岁时，纳税人可以节约7美元

参考翻译：

托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：罗马居住点的丰富性

托福阅读100个长难句实例分析

原句案例：

This abundance is notable in Roman settlements (especially urban sites) where the labor that archaeologists have to put into the washing and sorting of potsherds(fragments of pottery) constitutes a high proportion of the total work during the initial phases of excavation.

结构划分：

This abundance is notable in Roman settlements (especially urban sites) (where the labor (that archaeologists have to put into the washing and sorting of potsherds (fragments of pottery)) constitutes a high proportion of the total work during the initial phases ofexcavation).

深度分析：

这个句子主干就是：

This abundance is notable in Roman settlements

这个句子理解的难点在于，where从句里中间有一个定语从句，把the labor和constitute隔开了，大家注意这样一个问题。这个问题只要能够理解，速读就不是问题了。

修饰一：(where the labor constitutes a high proportion of the total work during the initial phases of excavation)，从句

中文：在这些地方劳动占了挖掘初期总工作量的很高的比例

修饰二：(that archaeologists have to put into the washing and sorting of potsherds (fragments of pottery)) ，从句，修饰labor，难点就在于这个从句的理解，其实就是put the labor into the washing and storing of pots herds

中文：考古学家花在清洗分类陶瓷碎片上的劳动

参考翻译：

这种丰富性在罗马居住点(尤其在城市)很明显，在这些地方考古学家花在清洗分类陶瓷碎片上的劳动占了挖掘初期总工作量的很高的比例。

托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：释放水的所有动能

托福阅读100个长难句实例分析

原句案例：

They revealed output powers ranging from about 1 horsepower to perhaps 60 for the largest wheels and confirmed that for maximum efficiency , the water should pass across the blades as smoothly as possible and fall away with minimum speed, having given up almost all of its kinetic energy.

词汇讲解：

blade /bleɪd/ n. (刀﹑ 剑﹑ 凿等的)刃;(划水桨﹑ 螺旋桨﹑ 锹﹑ 铲﹑ 板球击球板等的)扁宽平面部分

kinetic /kɪ'netɪk/ adj. 运动的，运动引起的

结构划分：

They revealed output powers (ranging from about 1 horsepower to perhaps 60) (for the largest wheels) and confirmed that (for maximum efficiency), the water should pass across the blades as smoothly as possible and fall away with minimum speed, (having given up almost all of its kinetic energy).

深度分析：

这个句子主干就是：

They revealed output powers and confirmed that

宾语从句的主干：the water should pass across the blades as smoothly as possible and fall away with minimum speed

中文：水应该从叶轮上尽可能光滑地流过，并以最小的速度流走

修饰一：(ranging from about 1 horsepower to perhaps 60)，非谓语动词

中文：输出功率范围是从1马力到最大水轮可能输出的60马力

修饰二：(for the largest wheels)，介词短语

中文：对于最大水轮

修饰三：(for maximum efficiency)，介词短语

中文：为了达到最高效率

修饰四：(having given up almost all of its kinetic energy)，非谓语动词

中文：释放水的几乎所有动能

参考翻译：

它们(调查)显示输出功率范围是从1马力到最大水轮可能输出的60马力;它们也确定了要达到最高效率，水应该从叶轮上尽可能光滑地流过，并以最小的速度流走，释放水的几乎所有动能。

托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：嗅觉交流的重要性

托福阅读100个长难句实例分析

原句案例：

The importance of olfactor y communication (using odors to communicate) in the way of life of deer was documented by a study of captive adult male deer a few decades ago, which noted that males rubbed their foreheads on branches and twigs, especially as autumn approach ed.

词汇讲解：

olfactory /ɒl'fækt(ə)rɪ/ adj. 嗅觉的

document /'dɒkjʊm(ə)nt/ vt. 用文件证实或证明(某事)

captive /'kæptɪv/ adj. 被捕获的，被俘虏的

twig /twɪg/ n. 嫩枝

approach /ə'prəʊtʃ/ vt. 接近, 靠近

结构划分：

The importance (of olfactory communication) (using odors to communicate) (in the way of life of deer) was documented (by a study of captive adult male deer a few decades ago), (which noted)(that males rubbed their foreheads on branches and twigs), (especially as autumn approached).

深度分析：

这个句子的主干就是：

The importance was documented

修饰一：(of olfactory communication)，介词短语

中文：嗅觉交流

修饰二：(using odors to communicate)，非谓语动词

中文：使用气味去交流

修饰三：(in the way of life of deer)，介词短语

中文：在鹿群生活方式中

修饰四：(by a study of captive adult male deer a few decades ago)，介词短语

中文：一个关于被捕获的成年雄鹿的研究

修饰五：(which noted)，从句

中文：研究提到

修饰六：(that males rubbed their foreheads on branches and twigs)，从句

中文：雄鹿会在树枝和嫩枝上摩擦前额

修饰七：(especially as autumn approached)，从句

中文：尤其当秋天临近时

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参考翻译：

嗅觉交流(使用气味去交流)在鹿群生活方式中的重要性，被几十年前一个关于被捕获的成年雄鹿的研究证实，这个研究提到：尤其当秋天临近时，雄鹿会在树枝和嫩枝上摩擦前额。

篇6：托福高分学霸4条阅读备考提分经验

【精选心得】托福高分学霸分享4条实用阅读备考提分经验

托福阅读过程中笔记怎么记?

托福阅读过程中记笔记的好处在于帮助学生记住段落的主题内容，甚至包括一些细节内容。这样可以方便我们做文章内容小结题。当然，记笔记也有缺陷，重点就在于时间问题，因为托福阅读的时间一般来说并不充裕，如果再算算上记笔记的时间，就更有可能做不完所有题目。所以，对于实力比较高的学生，本身时间充裕，则可以通过记笔记的方式加强对于段落主旨的理解;相反地，对于本身时间就有问题的学生来说，首先应该保证做完题目，记笔记就并不是非常必要。

托福阅读答题时间如何规划安排?

很多托福考生都会遇到托福阅读在规定时间内做不完的情况。一般来说，如果想要保证14道题在20分钟之内做完，最稳妥的安排应该是除单词题以及文章内容小结题之外每道题平均1.5分钟。当然，这个时间只是一个平均时间，对于一些比较难或者麻烦的题目，例如推理题和部分否定事实信息题，时间可能会更长一些，而相对比较容易定位的事实信息题，句子简化题以及文本插入题，则相对可以缩短一些时间。

托福阅读直接做题还是先读文章?

托福阅读中绝大多数题目都只包含某一段或者两段中的信息，所以对于考生来说，并没有必要在一开始就读一遍文章，而是应该根据题目来读文章。当然，很多考生可能又会问，如果这样读的话，是不是就不能知道每个段落的主旨大意了?其实不然，我们在做题的过程中，肯定需要读文章中的具体内容，也包括段落主旨大意，如果能够把做题以及读懂文章主旨结合在一起，这是最完美的。

托福阅读算分就按照OG给出的方法算吗?

现在的托福官方指南OG第四版给出的是最权威的算分体系，但是这种算分也只是一个大概的分数段，每次考试还会参考整体考试的情况来进行一些微调。比如说有些考生错的题目其他考生都几乎没有错，那么这道题对于这位考生的影响就会比较大;相反，如果考生错的题目是那种很难的，很多人都做错的题目，则对于分数的影响相对会小一些。

托福阅读素材：转基因作物问题

mustard n. 芥末;芥菜

molecular adj. [化学] 分子的

Exhausted adj. 疲惫的;耗尽的v. 耗尽

biological clock生物钟

yield n. 产量;收益vt. 屈服

manipulate vt. 操纵;操作;巧妙地处理

in tune with(与...)一致;(与...)协调

Changing Gene in Plant Could Yield More Crops

改变植物基因可以增加产量

Plants have a “biological clock” that tells them when to produce leaves, seeds and other growth. A new study says understanding that clock may help scientists develop crops that can feed a growing population in an increasingly warmer world.

Rob McClung is a scientist at Dartmouth College. He says scientists need to create ways to feed the nearly 10 billion people who will be living on Earth by the middle of the century.

He says estimates show that there will need to be an increase in the world food supply of about 50 to 60 percent in the next thirty-five years.

“And we're worried that the things that we've done to increase agricultural productivity may be becoming exhausted.”

To find new ways to increase productivity, Mr. McClung examined the biological clocks of plants. He learned that different genes in plants affect the plant's clock.

He published his findings in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. He says he identified a gene called GIGANTEA in a common species of the plant called field mustard.

He discovered that the speed of the gene's development can affect when the plant produces. Mr. McClung says the gene also affects how the plant deals with extreme cold and high levels of salt.

“We want to be able to predict if you do this to the clock, you will do this to crop yield.”

He says he hopes his research will give plant developers a molecular tool they can use to create a plant that can accept a higher level of salt or grow in a colder environment than usual.

“...we think that by manipulating the plant clock, we will be able to make plants that are better in tune with their environment and able to perform more effectively.”

Experts say the current growth in the production of the world's major food crops -- corn, rice, wheat and soybeans -- will not be enough to feed the 9.5 billion people who will be living on Earth in 2050.

长难句：

1.A new study says understanding that clock may help scientists develop crops that can feed a growing population in an increasingly warmer world.

句子类型：宾语从句+定语从句

句子拆分：

主干：A new study says…

宾语从句: understanding that clock may help scientists develop crops

定语从句: that can feed a growing population in an increasingly warmer world

翻译：一项新的研究表明：了解这种“生物钟“可以帮助研究者生产出在日益温暖气候中足够供给增长人口的作物。

2.He says he hopes his research will give plant developers a molecular tool they can use to create a plant( that can accept a higher level of salt or grow in a colder environment than usual).

句子类型：宾语从句+定语从句

句子拆分：

主干：He says…

宾语从句:he hopes his research will give plant developers a molecular tool they can use to create a plant

定语从句:that can accept a higher level of salt or grow in a colder environment than usual

翻译：他表示，他希望自己的研究结果可以给生产者一种分子水平的工具来用于生产可以耐高盐或者在高寒环境生长。

托福阅读素材：百度搜索推出日本市场

Chinese tech giant Baidu has shut down the Japanese search engine that it first launched in 2007. The Baidu.jp site, which used to feature a Japanese-language search engine that hoped to rival Google and Yahoo in the country, now just features a mission statement and a bunch of email addresses for its business partners to reach out to.

中国科技巨头百度关闭了于2007年首次发布的日语搜索引擎。该引擎曾是百度日本网站的一项功能，被寄予和谷歌、雅虎竞争日本市场的希望。但如今的百度日本只有一份使命宣言和一批商业伙伴的邮箱地址。

A Baidu spokesperson confirmed today to Tech in Asia that the Baidu Japan search engine is now shut. “But that doesn’t preclude the possibility that we will bring it back one day, or introduce our search technology services through other platforms in Japan,” he added.

今天，一名百度的发言人向Tech in Asia确认，百度日本的搜索引擎已被关闭。他还补充：“但这并不代表我们不会在未来某天重开百度日本搜索引擎，或是将我们的搜索技术用在日本的其它平台上。”

Despite this setback, Baidu is keeping open its Japan office and pursuing its popular Simeiji app, which is a keyboard for iOS and Android for typing Japanese.

尽管搜索引擎遭遇挫折，百度还将维持在日本的办公室，并继续致力于它大受欢迎的手机应用Simeiji。Simeiji是用于输入日语的键盘，兼容iOS和安卓平台。

“This was a business decision based largely on Baidu’s company-wide effort to focus our energies on becoming a fully mobile-first company,” said the Baidu spokesperson. “This means increasing our commitment to mobile and O2O when and where it’s most appropriate. In the Japanese market specifically, this move makes a lot of business sense. Smartphone penetration in Japan is now over 70 percent, and it’s a largely iOS-dominated market – over 60 percent market share as of December 2014. Our iOS input app Simeji is very popular, with over 14 million users and and a top-ranking position on Apple’s App Store in Japan. That’s just one example of the mobile potential of the Japanese market.”

百度的发言人称：“整个百度公司都将集中力量，努力成为一家完全的移动优先的公司。很大程度上，关闭百度日本搜索引擎这项商业决定正是基于此。这意味着我们要在最合适的时间和地点增加对移动和O2O的投入。特别在日本市场，这一举措在商业上非常合理。2014年，进入日本市场的智能手机份额超过了60%，而现在这一比例已经超过70%，这是一个非常大的iOS主导的市场。我们的iOS输入应用Simeji非常受欢迎，拥有1400万用户，并在日本的苹果应用商店里排名第一。这只是日本移动市场潜力的一个例子。”

Though Baidu Japan opened in 2007, it required a relaunch in 2008 after a shaky start. Yahoo Japan is the nation’s top search engine, followed by Google.

托福写作素材：甄嬛传将重磅登陆北美市场

There was a palpable dull thud of disappointment that accompanied the return of the imperial entourage of Zhen Huan to her homeland.

甄嬛以及众多小主的回归却让人明显地感到一阵阵的失望。

It followed a couple years of hushed excitement as Chinese fans were fed tidbits about their proud concubine who was supposed to conquer the high ground of the North American market.

近一两年来，中国的《甄嬛传》的粉丝时不时地了解到他们引以为傲的小主要占领北美电视剧高地，并窃喜不已。

Zhen Huan is, of course, the title character ofThe Legend of Zhen Huan, a 2011 television series that swept China off its feet and later took other Asian countries by storm.

甄嬛是电视剧《甄嬛传》的主角——这部2011年的电视剧风靡中国，之后又席卷亚洲其他国家。

Two years ago, it was reported that HBO, a premium cable service headquartered in the United States, was going to air it in North America after some modification.

两年前，有报道称，美国纽约的付费有线电视网HBO将会在北美播放编辑版《甄嬛传》。现在，《甄嬛传》的精简版在Netflix网站在线播出。该版仅配有英文字幕，没有英语配音。

Now, a condensed version that provides English subtitles but no dubbing has finally been made available on Netflix for online streaming.

现在，《甄嬛传》的精简版在Netflix网站在线播出。该版仅配有英文字幕，没有英语配音。

This version, highly anticipated as a milestone in China's cultural foray overseas, has been widely panned by its home audience.

这个精简版被视为中国文化进军海外市场的一个里程碑备而受瞩目，但是却引发中国观众的广泛批评。

RetitledEmpresses in the Palace, the American version has been shortened from its original 76 episodes at 45 minutes each, to six 90-minute episodes. The quick pacing threw off many native viewers, who are accustomed to a more leisurely daytime-soap-style narrative rhythm. (Chinese TV stations would run two or three episodes every day.)

美版《甄嬛传》从原来的76集，每集45分钟的长度精简为6集，每集90分钟，剧名改为Empresses in the Palace(意为《宫中后妃》)。每集过快的节奏令美国观众很是不满，因为他们习惯了更加轻松的日间肥皂剧式的叙述节奏。(中国的电视台每天播2-3集)

I did not finish the full-length version and found the truncated one not difficult to follow. What's lost, I believe, are the interesting setups and pauses that illuminate the Chinese art of storytelling. Much of the plot is still there. It is the flavor that was sacrificed.

我没有看完完整版，但是觉得精简版也不难理解。我认为精简版丢失的是一些有趣的情节设置及停顿，这是中国叙事艺术的精华。大部分情节还是保留了，只是少了那种味道。

The American edition uses the framework of the Empress Dowager in her senior years reminiscing at the beginning and the end of each episode, hinting at what's to come and recapping the key points. This device, not used in the original, is culturally understandable but artistically mediocre.

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