下面是小编为大家整理的语法教案：介词和连词，本文共13篇，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。本文原稿由网友“dori”提供。
篇1：语法教案：介词和连词
分类说明
介词和连词是英语中难以掌握的词类，也是历年高考重要考点，同学们须给予充分重视。
介词在古英语中实际上就是一类特殊的及物动词，后来演变成为现在的介词，但及物动词的性质没有变，后面必须接名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词、短语、句子作宾语。高考对介词的考点主要体现在以下几个方面：
(I)介词的意思区别。如：in，at，on，by，during；On，about，over；for，to，of；from，across．through，beyond，over；on，over，above；under，below，etc．
(2)介词与名词的习惯搭配，如：with one’s help，under the leadership，in the sun，in the tree，the way to school，in the end，at the end of，by the end of，at last，in bed，etc．
(3)动词与介词所形成的固定短语，如：depend on，agree on，agree with，agree to，wait for，wait on，go in for，see to，become of，ere．
(4)介词后接时间或地点副词，如：from here，from now on，in here，etc．
(5)介词的特殊用法，如：介词一般不能接that引导的宾语从句，而in／except可接that从句；介词一般不能接不定式，而but／except可接to do；介词后面一般不能接形容同或过去分词，但有的特殊词语例外，如：far from satisfactory，take sth．for granted。
连词是用来连接两个词、短语或句子的词，在做题时可从下面几方面来考虑：
(1)连词的意思区别。如：when，while，as二三者都表示当……时候。while强调持续的动作或状态；as强调动作的同时或瞬间；when一般可代替它们二者。
(2)根据两个词、短语、句子之间的内在联系，即：让步，转折、平行及因果等，从而确定选用哪个连词。如：
You will succeed in the end ________you give up half way．
A．even if B．as though C．as long as D．unless
从上面句子的前后两部分，我们可以看出：成功与放弃是互不相融的两个方面，即有前面部分的成立，就不可能有后面部分的存在；反过来，也是这样。由此我们很容易发现，选项D含否定意义，符合题意要求。
(3)句子的结构，如since，as，for，because都表示原因，since，as引导的从句一般放在主句之前；for连接的从句一般放在主句之后；because表示强烈的原因，引导的从句既可放存主句之前也可放在主句之后。
(4)特殊用法，如：put it，publish it，see to it，make it，depend on it等一般接that引导的从句；like it，dislike it，hate it，appreciate it等一般接if或when引导的从句。
回放真题
真题1(甘肃、青海卷21)
Paul had to write a history paper， ________he couldn’t find time to do it．
A．but B．so C．because D．if
【答案及解析】A选项A表转折；B表结果；c表原因；D表条件。根据前、后两句的关系，答案选A。
真题2(2004重庆卷28)
--I think George doesn’t really care for TV plays．
--Right．________he still watches the program．
A．and B．but C．or D．so
【答案及解析】 B由still可知，这儿表转折。意指George尽管不喜欢电视剧，但他依然在看这个节目。
真题3(2004广东卷22)
1 feel that one of my main duties ________a teacher is to help the students to become better learners．
A．for B．by C．as D．with
【答案及解析】 C根据句子的意思，宾语从句的意思是：作为教师的主要职责。根据介词的意思，只能选C。
真题4(2004福建卷30)
It was a pity that the great writer died ________his works unfinished．
A．for B．with C．from D．of
【答案及解析】B die接不同的介词，表示不同的意思，die for表示死的目的；die from表示死的间接原因；die of表示死于饥饿、疾病、寒冷、情感等直接原因；而die with中的with应与后面名词连成一个意群，表示一个伴随的状态。根据句子的意思，答案选B。
真题5(2004辽宁卷21)
There are many kinds of sports，________my favorite is swimming．
A．as B．then C．so D．but
【答案及解析】D根据前后两个句子的关系，前一句讲总的情况，后一句讲个人的情况，因此，应该是转折关系，所以答案选’D。
真题6(2004浙江卷31)
________modeling business is by no means easy to get into，the good model will always be in demand．
A．While B．Since C．As D．If
【答案及解析】A选项A表示时间或对比；B表示时间或原因；C表示时间或原因；D表示条件。根据两个句子间的关系，答案选A。
真题7(2004江苏卷23)
________I accept that he is not perfect，I do actually like the person．
A．While B．Since C．Before D．Unless
【答案及解析】 A首先从连词的意义上来看：while意为：虽然，尽管，表让步；since的意思是：既然，由于，表条件；before意思为：在……之前，表时间；unless意思为：除非，如果不，表条件。根据句子问的意思．可知选项A符合题意，表示前后两句的让步关系。因此，答案选A。
真题8(2004广西卷35)
I do every single bit of housework ________my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then．
A．since B．while C．when D．as
【答案及解析】 B本题考查连词的用法。空前后的句意构成转折和对比，只能选B。while可表对比，意为“然而”，其他=三个选项没有此意。
真题9(2004江苏卷24)
He got to the station early，________missing his train．
A．in case of B．instead of C．for fear of D．in search of
【答案及解析】 C本题考查介词短语的用法。首先根据句子和镉语的意思排除选项B、D；再比较：in ease of意为：若，如果，万一，强调客观可能；for fear of意为：惟恐，为……起见，强调主观的担心。根据句子前后两部分的意思，本题所表示的应该是主观的担心。
真题10(2004广西卷26)
To enjoy the scenery，Irene would rather spend long hours on the train _________travel by air．
A．as B．to C．than D．while
【答案及解析】C would rather．．．than固定搭配，意为“情愿……而不愿”.
真题11(四川卷27)
________you call me to say you’re not coming，I'11 see you at the theatre．
A．Though B．Whether C．Until D．Unless
【答案解析】D 根据前后句子的意思关系，显然前者是后者的条件，选项D等于if．．not．．．，表条件，与句子意思相符；A意思不对；B表不确定；C“直到现在”，表时间，意思也不对。
真题12(2004上海卷25)
The accident is reported to have occurred _________the first Sunday in February．
A．at B．on C．in D．to
【答案及解析】 B本题考查日期前介词的用法。一般牵涉到具体的某一天时或特定的某一天时，前面用介词on。
真题13(2004天津卷22)
Stand over there ________you’ll be able to see it better．
A．or B．while C．but D．and
【答案及解析】 D祈使句与句子并列时，只能用连词or，and等词，由此，可排除选项B、C；选项A表示可能会出现后面不良的后果；D表示在前面的条件下，就会出现后面的结果。根据上下义的意思．答案应该选D。
真题14(2004天津卷32)
It was evening ________we reached the little town of Winchester．
A．that B．until C．since D．before
【答案及解析】 D根据句子结构，首先排除选项A，因它不可能是强调句型、主语从句或定语从句。再根据evening指时间点，排除选项c。主句表示一个终结性状态，所以排除B，因此正确答案选D。
真题15(2004北京卷33)
________two exams to worry about，I have to work really hard this weekend．
A．With B．Besides C．As for D．Because of
【答案及解析】 A根据句子两部分的意思关系，前者是说明作者在本周末必须努力学习的原因，因此，答案选A。
真题16(2004湖南卷32)
You can’t wear a blue jacket ________that shirt-it’11 1ook terrible．
A．on B．above C．up D．over
【答案及解析】 D根据介词的基本意思，选项B表示“在……上方”，暗含不接触；C是副词，意思是“朝上”，应首先排除；选项A的意思是“在……表面上”，暗含表面的某一个地方；而D的意思是“在……上面”，暗含覆盖，根据常识，外面的农服不是穿在内衣上面的某一个地方，而是将整件内衣覆盖，答案应选D。
真题17(2004北京春季卷26)
We were swimming in the lake ________suddenly the storm started．
A．when B．while C．until D．before
【答案及解析】 A根据句子的意思及主、从句的相互关系，应该是：我们正在湖中游泳时，突然下起了暴风雨。while意为“然而”，表转折，或意为“当……的时候”，这时常与延续性动词连用；until意为“直到…才”；before意为 “在……之前”，都不能与suddenly连用，故答案选A。
真题18(2004北京春季卷29)
The shop doesn’t open until 11 a．m．, ________it loses a lot of business．
A．for B．or C．but D．so
【答案及解析】 D for，or，but，so都可作并列连词，for意为“因为”，表示原因；but表转折；of表选择，根据两个句子之间的关系，均与题意不符，须排除；只有so表结果。说明它开门迟所导致的结果。
真题19(2004北京春季卷35)
_________I can see，there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger．
A．As long as B．As far as C．Just as D．Even if
【答案及解析】 B as long as意为“只要”，表条件；as far as意为“据……”， “就……”，表范围；just as意为“正当”，引导时间状语从句。even if意为“即使”，表让步。根据两个句子问的关系，可确定答案选B。
真题20(2004上海春季卷43)
________，I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week．
A．However the story is amusing B．No matter amusing the story is
C．However amusing the story is D．No matter how the story is amusing．
【答案及解析】 C 根据句子的意思，这两个分句的关系必须是让步关系。However在此相当于no matter how，修饰形容词或副词，引导让步状语从句，但不能直接接句子，故选项A、B、D排除，答案选c。
真题2l(2004北京春季卷25)
In order to change attitudes ________employing women，the government is bringing in new laws．
A．about B．of C．towards D．on
【答案及解析】C attitude在此意为“态度，看法”，后常接to或towards。
真题22(2004上海春季卷26)
I am sorry it’s ________my power to make a final decision on the project．
A．over B．above C．off D．beyond
【答案及解析】D beyond意为“超出，出乎”。本句的意思是：很抱歉，我无权对这个计划作出最后决定。beyond my power意为：超出了我的权力范围。
真题23(全国卷21)
Don’t be afraid of asking for help ________it is needed．
A．unless B．since C．although D．when
【答案及解析】D考连词的用法及区别。答案D容易和B混淆。这里的when =if(如果、倘若)。根据句子的前后关系，应该是未发生的事情，但由when引导的时间／条件状语从句中谓语动词应用一般现在时代替一般将来时。而since(既然)引导的是原因状语从旬，其谓语若是将来时，不可用～般现在时代替。译文：如果需要，就别怕向人求助。
真题24(2003全国卷29)
We’re going to the bookstore in John’s car．You can come with us ________you can meet us there later．
A．but B．and C．or D．then
【答案及解析】 C该句考并列连词在句中的用法。因为句中的意思是“选择”，所以用了or。but表示转折；and表示并列；then表示递进。这几个词均不合句意。译文：我们要乘坐约翰的车去书店。你可以和我们一起去，也可以随后和我们在那里见面。
真题25(2003北京卷30)
He made a mistake，but then he corrected the situation ________it got worse．
A．until B．when C．before D．as
【答案及解析】 C考查连词。旬意：他犯了个错误，但之后及时改正了．没有使情况恶化。before有“否则、不然”的意思。如：I’11 write it down before I forget it．我得记下来以免忘了。
真题26(2003北京卷31)
________ I know the money is safe，I shall not worry about it．
A．Even though B．Unless C．As long as D．While
I答案及解析】 C考查关联词。as long as只要。句意是：只要我知道这些钱是安全的，我就不担心了。even though：even if，既使；unless：if not，除非：while当……时候，强调在……期间／同时，时间性强。
真题27(2003北京卷33)
They had a pleasant chat ________a cup of coffee．
A．for B．with C．during D．over
【答案及解析】D考查介词搭配。to chat over a cup of coffee意思是边喝咖啡边聊天。for和during都有“在……期间”之意，但后边通常加时间段：。with “随着，用”；over“在(做)……期间，边……边……”。
真题28(2003上海卷26)
The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism ________ the wildlife in the area．
A．in B．on C．at D．with
【答案及解析】 B effort意为影响，与其对象之间用介词on,在本题中。effect的对象就是the wildlife，因此要用介词on。
善题29(2003上海卷33)
--How far apart do they live?
--________I know，they live in the same neighborhood．
A．As long as B．As far as C．As well as D．As often as
【答案及解析】 B首先应分析这四个短语的意思。as long as意为“只要……就”；as far as意为“到目前为止”；as well as意为“也……”；as often as意为“每次，每当”，根据题意，选B，意为“就我所知”。
真题30(2003上海卷35)
A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners’ curiosity ________he reaches the end of the story．
A．when B．unless C．after D．until
【答案及解析】D when意为“当……时”；unless意为“除非”；after意为 “……之后”；until意为“直到……为止”。译文：一个好的讲故事的人必须能够始终抓住听众的好奇心。
真题31(2003北京春季卷29)
--Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?
--Yes．He had never praised him ________he became one of the top students in his grade．
A．after B．unless C．until D．when
【答案及解析】 C not never…until／till“直……才．不到……不”。依上下句意，这是一位对孩子要求很严格的父亲，由此看出他不会轻易表扬人，直到他成为年级中拔尖的学生才表扬他。c项正合题意；用after时，前后时态不对，因为学生要先优秀后被表扬，A错，B、D与句意不符。
真题32(2003安徽春季卷30)
Sally worked late in the evening to finish her report ________her boss could read it first thing next morning．
A．so that B．because C．before D．or else
【答案及解析】 A Sally工作到很晚去完成她的报道，目的是她的老板能在第二天最早读到它。表目的有：so that／in order that+句子：in order to／so as to do。A合题意。如果用B，从句中不能用could，可用wanted等词。答案为A。
真题33(2003上海春季卷22)
The speech by the mayor of Shanghai before the final voting for EXPO is strong1y impressed ________my memory．
A．to B．over C．by D．on
【答案及解析】D impress sb(with sth)给某人深刻印象。impress on／upon sb是固定搭配，给……留下印象。
真题34(2003上海春季卷31)
I would appreciate it ________you call back this afternoon for the doctor’s appointment．
A．until B．if C．when D．that
【答案及解析】 B动词appreciate，like，dislike，hate，make等常接it作形式宾语，后面再接if／when引导的从句。if引导条件状语从句。译文：如果你今天下午对与医生的约定打回电话来，我会非常感谢。
真题35(全国卷22)
Excuse me for breaking in，________I have some news for you．
A．so B．and C．but D．yet
【答案及解析】C but用于表示歉意的话(如：Excuse me。或I’m sorry)的后面，引起一个句子，通常不能翻译为“但是”。
真题36(2002全国卷30)
John shut everybody out of the kitchen ________he could prepare his grand surprise for the party．
A．which B．when C．so that D．as if
【答案及解析】 C so that引导目的状语从句，表示约翰把每个人都关在厨房外面的目的是能够准备做在聚会上使人们大吃一惊的事。when表示两个动作同时发生；as if的意思是“似乎”，与所提供的情境John shut everybody out of the kitchen不相吻合；which引导定语从句时作主语、宾语或表语，显然不是正确答案。
真题37(2002北京卷24)
It is so nice to hear from her．_______，we last met more than thirty years ago．
A．What’s more B．That is to say C．In other words D．Believe it or not
【答案及解析】D选项A表示程度的增加；选项B和C表示对上文的解释，因此，它们都不符题意。Believe it or not是一种口语常用的表达方式，意思是 “信不信由你”。由于距两人最后一次见面已经有三十多年了，为了让对方相信这是事实，用了这种表达方式。What’s more的意思是“另外；还有”, That is to say的意思是“这就是说”；In other words的意思是“换句话说”。
真题38(2002北京卷27)
--Would you like to come to the dinner party here on Saturday?
--Thank you．I’d love to，________I’ll be out of town at the weekend．
A．because B．and C．so D．but
【答案及解析】D所提供的情境I’11 be out of town at the weekend．说明说话人不能参加宴会。所以用but表示自己虽然乐意参加，但由于某种情况而不能参加。‘
真题39(2002北京卷33)
--What do you want ________those old boxes?
--To put things in when I move to the new fiat．
A．by B．for C．of D．with 、
【答案及解析】D 所提供的情景To put things in when I move to the new flat，说明了箱子的用途。with的意思是“用”，后接工具。如：cut with a knife“用刀切”。
真题40(2002上海卷22)
Luckily，the bullet narrowly missed the captain ________an inch．
A．by B．at C．to D．from
【答案及解析】 A by+数量词，表示相差多少。介词by可以和表示数量的词构成短语，表示尺寸、距离等。译文：幸运的是，子弹在距离船长一英尺的地方与他擦肩而过，没有射中他。答案为A。
真题41(2002上海卷36)
He was about to tell me the secret ________someone patted him on the shoulder．
A．as B．until C．while D．when
【答案及解析】D as，until，while和when均可表时间，但各有不同：as强调 “一边……一边……”；while“在……期间／同时”，表转折；when有两种用法：
①当……时，从句动词不限。②就在此时，忽然，等于at that time，suddenly。常用的句式有：be doing．．．when…(正在做……突然……)；be about to do…when (正要做……突然……)。译文：他正要告诉我这个秘密，这时，有人拍了拍他的肩膀。
真题42(2002京、蒙、皖春季卷23)
--You are so lucky．
--What do you mean _________that?
A．南r B．in C．of D．by
【答案及解析】D 固定用法(句子)what do you mean后常跟by that／doing that／saying so，译为：你那样／这样讲(说)是什么意思?
真题43(2002上海春季卷21)
Marie Curie took little notice _________the honours that were given to her in her later years．
A．of B．on C．about D．from
【答案及解析】A take notice of为固定短语，意为“注意”。译文：居里夫人几乎不关心她晚年所得到的荣誉。答案为A。
真题44(全国卷27)
The home improvements have taken what little there is _______my spare time．
A．from B．in C．of D．at
【答案及解析】 C这是一个宾语从句，have taken后接感叹句，其正常语序是what little of my spare time there is。
真题45(2001上海卷24)
The sunlight came in ________the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room．
A．through B．across C．on D．over
【答案及解析】 A “从窗户缝隙中”要用介词through。through指从里面穿过，透过；across强调从面上横穿，横跨；on“在……面上”；over从一地到另一地；经过一段时间或距离。译文：阳光从屋顶窗户缝隙中照射进来，把整个屋子都照亮了。答案为A。
真题46(2001京、蒙、皖春季卷9)
The men will have to wait a day _________the doctor works faster．
A．if B．unless C．whether D．that
【答案及解析】 B unless“如果不”，在此引导条件状语从句。译文：如果医生不快点工作，这些人不得不等一天。
真题47(2001京、蒙、皖春季卷14)
--Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?
--Yes，I gave it to her ________I saw her．
A．while B．the moment C．suddenly D．once
【答案及解析】 B先排除C，因为suddenly是副词，不能引导从句；从上下句看，所欠的钱已还过，而且是一看见她就还了，所以又可排除D，因为once含条件；while强调一段时间；the moment +that从句(that通常省略)意为“一…就……”。
真题48(2001上海春季卷23)
Ross was wild with joy ________the result of the examination．
A．to B．at C．by D．as
【答案及解析】B at表示原因。be wild with joy at的意思是“为……而欣喜若狂”。介词at接在某些形容词的后面表示原因。译文：罗丝因考试结果而兴高采烈。
直题49(2001上海春季卷39)
You will succeed in the end ________you give up halfway．
A．even if B．as though C．as long as D．unless
【答案及解析】 D 这是一个条件状语从句。even if=even though意为“即使”，与题意不合；as though=as if意为“好像”；as long as意为“只要”，均不合题意。unless的意思是“如果不”。译文：如果你不中途放弃，你最终会成功的。
真题50(全国卷7)
I don’t think I’11 need any money but I’11 bring some ________．
A．at last B．in case C．once again D．in time
【答案及解析】 B in case的意思是“万一”。表明说话人带些钱的目的是以防万一。
真题51(2000全国卷14)
Someone called me up in the middle of the night，but they hung up ________I could answer the phone．
A．as B．since C．until D．before
【答案及解析】D before表示“来不及”。从句子的意思不难看出，在接电话之前对方就把电话挂断了。译文：半夜有人给我打电话，但我接电话时，他们就把电话挂断了。
真题52(2000全国卷18)
________production up by 60％，the company has had another excellent year.
A．As B．For C．With D．Through
【答案及解析】c此题句子是复合结构：with+宾语(production)+宾补(up by 60％)。with后接名词的意思是“随着”。as当“随着”讲时后接句子。for表原因时后面接句子且一般不置于句首。答案为A。
真题53(2000上海卷32)
I know nothing about the young lady ________she is from Beijing．
A．except B．except for C．except that D．besides
【答案及解析】C except后接名词或代词，意思是“除……之外”，表示从整体中除掉部分。except for后接名词或代词，意思是“除……之外”，表示两种事物的类比。如：Your composition is very good，except for some mistakes．作文和错误是两个概念。except that引导句子。besides后接名词或代词，前边常有other，else等，意思是“除……以外还有”。she is from Beijing是一个句子，只有except that才能引导从句。
真题54(2000京、皖春季卷13)
The changes in the city will cost quite a lot，________they will save us money in the long Rift．
A．or B．since C．for D．but
【答案及解析】 D比较两个句子的意思可知，它们是转折关系。译文：改变这个城市的面貌要花很多钱，但从长远看，它们将为我们节省钱。
真题55(2000京、皖春季卷24)
John may phone tonight．I don’t want to go out ________he phones．
A．as long as B．in order that C．in case D．so that
【答案及解析】c in case的意思是“万一”。不想出去的原因是怕John万一打来电话。in order that和SO that表目的，而且从句中要用情态动词can，may等，显然不合题意。
篇2：高三复习语法专项系列----介词和连词
一. 介词
1. 介词的分类 (在句中作定语, 状语, 补语和表语)
单个介词: at , by, for, from, in, of , on , to , with
复合介词: into, onto, within, out of
双重介词: from under, since before, until after
介词短语: in front of, because of, according to
分词作介词: including , considering , concerning
2. across , through over
across 在一个空间内从一端到另一端或成十字交叉穿过
through着重指从中间或空间穿过
over 指从一个物体的一边到另一边的越过
3. about , on, of
about表示的内容多为普通,不太正式 有”述及”的意思
on 多用于慎重的正式的语言交际场合.常见于”学说上的”论文或演说等题目.有论及的意思
of 作关于讲, 表示体积,设计某人/事时, 只表示事情存在或发生,并不涉及详情.有时与about可互换 ,常与动词know, hear, learn, speak, talk, think, tell等.
但注意区别:
talk of / talk about think of/ think about
4. except , except for, except that, but , besides, beside
except 除了---之外都/都不/没有 可接名词,代词, 介词短语,副词或不定式 , 不定式常省to.
except for 除了,要不是 常接名词性短语
except that 常接从句,也可接when where 等词引导的从句
but 多用在代词(主要是不定代词,否定代词或疑问代词)后
besides 除了---之外还有/包括 还可用作副词,相当于 , 有”而且,加之,何况”的意思.
Beside 表示在---附近,
5. including , included
including 是一个介词, 意思是: 包括, 一般放在包括对象的前面
included 是一个过去分词, 用于被动语态中或放在包括对象的后面.
6. in, after, later
in 表示一段时间之后, 常用于一般将来时和过去将来时中.
after 表某一时刻后, 后跟”时间点”, 常用于一般将来时或一般过去时中;
也可表示某一段时间后, 后跟”一段时间”, 用于一般过去时.
later 后跟一个具体的时间为起点
7. in, with, by
in指用”语言,字体,墨水, 体裁, 风格, 方式,现金, 顺序”等.
with 指用具体的或有形的工具,器官等, 有时也可表示用某种手段或音调等.
by 表示用方式,手段等.后常接动名词,后接就名词时,名词前不加修饰语.
8. toward (s) , to , for
to 和toward(s)用来表示静态的方向, 可以换用, 但和表示位置转移的动词如: go , come, move, run, return, walk,等连用是, to 有到达之意, 而toward(s) 只表示运动方向, 无到达之意.
for 一般用语动词leave , sail, start 及短语set off, set out, start out, start off 等短语后表示方向.
9. under/over , below/above
below 是on a lower level than 的 意思, 表示在下方位置地狱某物. 不强调直上直下, 反义词是above .
under 有directly below 的含义, 表示垂直在下方, 反义词是: over.
10. 表原因的介词:because of , for, at, by, with, owing to, thanks to, out of 的区别
① because of 表示引起结果的直接原因 意义与连词because 相同.
② for表示内在的, 心理上的饿原因, 常与表示喜怒哀乐等的情感名词连用, 还可表示某种动作或结果的起因. 而连词for 则表示某种结果的补充理由或显而易见的原因.
③ at表示外部的, 尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因.
④ by表示某种情绪或从做的起因, 多与喜怒哀乐等词连用,有”听到,看到---”
⑤ with指胜利上或情感上的外界到内心的原因, 有 “随着---”
⑥ owing to相当于because of , 多表示某种不良后果的原因. 也有 “欠-钱”的意思
⑦ thanks to表示引起某种幸运结果的原因, 有 “幸亏---, 多亏了---”的意思
⑧ 表示动机的起因,常译为 “出于---”
二. 连词:
连词的种类:
并列连词: and, or, but, while(然而), for, therefore,
both – and---, not only --- but (also)--, as well as, and --- as well,
not ---nor--- , whether---or---, either---or--- , neither---nor---,
从属连词: (连接状语从句的连词)
时间: when , while, as, after, before, since(自从), until, till, as soon as, once
hardly ---when, no sooner ---than , the moment, the minute
地点: where,
原因: because, as, since(既然)=now that ,
条件: if, even if, unless, as long as=on condition that , in case, supposing, provided that
目的:so that , in order that , for fear that, so
结果: so ---- that, such ---- that
让步: though, although, however + adj. ---, even if, whatever,
no matter+ ---,
方式: as (象---一样), just as, as if/ though
比较: as---as---, the same---as---, so --- as---, the more---, the more---
1. because , since, as, for
① because表示直接明确的原因或理由,语气最强.
② since强调结果, 不强调原因, since 表示自然的因果关系,意为 “既然”.
③ as也是只强调结果, 不强调原因, 语气最弱, 用于常谈中, 讲话人认为某种理由很明显或对方很熟悉,不需要突出.
④ for是并列连词, 只表示一种推测. 其前的分句常是must have done 或must do
注意点: 只有表示一种直接的 原因或理由, 用它来回答why的疑问句, 也只有可有放在强调句中, 使它成为强调的对象, 而其他的不能.
2. if , whether
引导条件状语时只用if,
作是否的意思时, 注意几种只用whether的情况.
3. or , and
① 否定句中连接并列成分一般用or
② 当一个句子中出现了两个否定词时, 或两个并列成分都有否定时, 用and 连接, 表示的是全部否定.
③ And 连接的两个主语表示的是两者以上的人物时, 谓语用复数,而 or连接时, 谓语 则要与邻近的主语一致.
4. such as, for example, and so on , namely
① such as 列举部分, 可以是一个也可以是多个
② for example列举单个人或事物外,还可列举一个完整的事件或一系列人物. 常用逗号隔开.
③ and so on列举部分, 常放在列举部分后.
④ namely必须列出全部内容.
5. because, as, since 不能和so连用, though 不能和but 连用, 但是therefore, then, yet 可以和他们连用.
6. 一些名词短语 : the moment , the minute ,等也可连接状语从句.
7. when, as, while
while 常跟延续性动词连用,
when可跟延续或短暂性动词连用, 还有就在此时的意思: 搭配为:
be about to/be doing/ be on the point of doing --- when
as指两个动作是同时进行有 “一边--- 一边--- ”的意思
8. so that / in order that + 从句
so as to / in order to + 动词(短语) 注意: so as to 不可放在句首.
9. so--- that--- /such---- that – 太--- 以致于---, 区别见 形容词和副词 一讲中 “so , such ” 的用法区别.
篇3：连词语法讲解
连词语法讲解
连词常考到的有以下几个词组：
both ...and：表示两者都....注意：当both...and 连接主语时，后面动词一般要用复数。如：BothLily and Lucy are right.
not only... but also: 不仅...而且...。注意：后面动词采用就近原则,与but also后的词保持一致。
如：Not only my parents but also my brother likes the cat.
either...or:或者...或者...。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。如：Either you or I am wrong.
neither...nor：既不...也不... 是 either...or 的否定形式。谓语动词采用就近原则，与nor后的'词保持一致。 如：Neither you nor he is right.
or的用法： 意思为否则。如：I must work hard, or Ill fail in the exam.(我必须好好学习，否则我会考不及格了。)
So easy, not difficult at all! OK! Lets come to our 趁热打铁。
篇4：高中英语用作介词连词的分词语法知识
高中英语关于用作介词（连词）的分词语法知识
英语语法用作介词（连词）的分词
1. considering 就而论、照来看；考虑到，既可用作介词，又可用作连词。例：
I hear he is more than 70， but he is still very strong， considering his age.
听说他已经 70 多岁了，但从他的年纪来看，他仍然很结实。
Considering （ that ） he did not study hard， he did well on the test.
考虑到他没有用功，他考得还不错。
另： considering 还可用作副词，通常置于句尾，意为从各方面看。例：
She seems （ to be ） very bright， considering.
从各方面看，她似乎很聪明。
2. providing / provided 倘若；在的条件下，用作连词，引导条件状语从句，但从句不用虚拟语气。例：
We'll visit Europe next year， provided / providing （ that ） we have the money.
如果我们有这笔钱，我们明年将去欧洲游览。
I shall go provided / providing （ that ） it does not rain.
倘若天不下雨，我就去。
3. supposing / suppose 假如、假定用作连词，引导条件状语从句，从句可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气。例：
篇5：怎样区分介词和连词
介词和连词
1．和、跟、同、与
有时是连词、有时是介词，属兼类词，很难区别。如：
①弟弟跟妹妹走了。（连词）
②弟弟跟妹妹借书。（介词）
区别的方法有三点：
（1） 连词前后成分平等，可以互换位置而语义基本不变。而介词前后成分有主有次，不能互换，否则意思全变了。如：
①弟弟跟妹妹走了。= 妹妹跟弟弟走了。
②弟弟跟妹妹借书。≠ 妹妹跟弟弟借书。
（2） 如果谓语前面可插入“都”、“全”、“一起”等词语，则“和、跟、同、与”必是连词。如：
①弟弟跟妹妹走了。= 妹妹跟弟弟都走了。
②弟弟跟妹妹借书。≠ 妹妹跟弟弟都借书。
（3） 如果“和、跟、同、与”前可插入某些副词状语（如“一直”、“总是”） ，则必是介词。如：
①弟弟跟妹妹走了。一*弟弟一直跟妹妹走了。
②弟弟跟妹妹借书。一弟弟一直跟妹妹借书。
2．因为、由于、为了
既是介词，用于单句中；又是连词，用于复句中。区分办法是：如果后面跟的是体词性词语，则为介词。如果后面跟的是谓词性词语，则为连词。如：
①由于工作关系，他在国外呆了三年。（介词）
②由于教练指导正确，因此大家进步很快。（连词）
③因为这件事，小王受到了表扬。（介词）
④因为小王救了人，所以他受到了表扬。（连词）
篇6：托福语法---介词
英文介词种类繁多且词意多变。不过，涉及的有关介词的题目重复性很强，而且有规律可循。命题焦点售在中（1）含有介词的固定短语，（2）含有特定含义的介词误用
介词常考题型及解题要点
1.含有介词的固定短语：短语或词组中的介词不能随意更换或省略
例题分析
（1）Most aquatic animals breathe by means external respiratory organs called gills.
(答案) 正确的短语为by means of,其中的介词of不能省略
（2） Speed refers only toward the rate of mution without
specifying any direction of motion.(94.8)
(答案) 正确短语形式为refer to
(3) Historical geology deals about data on the development of the Earth
gathered from the study of rocks, which are analyzed to determine their age and composition. (93.8)
(答案) 正确短语式式为deal with.
(4) The diamond is the only gemstone composed with just one chemical element, carbon.
(答案) 正确短语形式为。Be composed of
（5） Best known for his research in statistical mechanics and meson physics. Chen Ning Yang shared the Nobel Prize in 1957 to another physicist from the United States, Tsung-dao Lee.
(答案) 正确的短语搭配为 share.......with
(6) The doctrine of eminent domain is based the legal tradition that all real property is subject to the control of the state.
(答案) 正确的短语形式为be based on 其中的介词on不能省掉。
2. 介词用错
解题要点 介词与后面的名词通常有固定的搭配习惯，或有特定的语意功能，不能随意更换。通常，介词毕有含义，不同的介词会使整个句子表达不同的意思。当A、B、C、D四个选择答案中出现单独划线的介词，应首先考虑它是否使用正确。
全真例题分析
（1）Scientists claim that an individual can function from about three days when totally deprived of sleep.
(答案) from应改用for。表示动作延续的时间应用介词for。
（2） Canadian scarlet-clad guards and mounties with horseback are part of the summer scenery in Ottawa.
(答案) with改为on, “骑在马背上”应用介词on表示位置。
（3） During eclipses of the Sun, the Ojibwa Indians of North America shot flaming arrows inside the sky to rekindle the light.
(答案) inside改为into, 介词into表示的动作性；shot……into the sky。天空无边无沿，不能用介词inside来修饰。
（4） Wild elephants are almost continuously waving their trunks. Both up in the air and down aside the ground.
(答案) aside改为on。On the ground 是固定介宾搭配。Ground 没有边沿，无法用aside来修饰。
（5） Recent studies have shown that air into a house often has higher concentrations of contaminants than heavily polluted air outside.
(答案) into改为in。Into强调动作，而in表示的是静止的状态。“房间里面的空气”只能用in来表示。
（6） The early use of a complete steel frame for towering buildings appeared in the first skyscraper, built on Chicago in 1883.
(答案) built on 改为built in。城市名前面只能用介词in来修饰。
3.介词between和among的区别
解题要点 between表示二者之间，among表示三者或更多的整体概念。当A、B、C、D四项选择答案中出现between或者among时，它通常就是此题的命题焦点。
全真例题分析
(1) The determination of the path of Mars‘s orbit in 1609 became the unifying link among the two formerly separate realms of physics and astronomy.
(答案) among改为between
(2) The Carlsbad caverns, located in New Mexico, rank between the largest underground labyrinths in the world.
(答案) between改为among。表示多数概念，或范围时应用among。
（3） For a long time cotton ranked first between Alabama‘s crops, but today it accounts for only a fraction of the agricultural production.
(答案) between改为among。表示范围时应用among。
篇7：中考英语语法知识点：介词和连词
6.从属连词
从属连词用来引导从句。常见的从属连词有：
(1)引导时间状语从句的after, before, when, while, as, until, till, since, as soon as等。(2)引导条件状语从句的if, unless等。
(3)引导原因状语从句的because, as, since等。
(4)引导目的状语从句的so that, in order that等。
(5)引导让步状语从句的though, although, even if等。
(6)引导结果状语从句的so that, so…that, such…that等。
(7)引导比较状语从句的than, as…as等。
(8)引导名词从句的that, if , whether等。
7.常用连词的用法辨析
(1)while, when, as
这三个连词都可引导时间状语从句，但用法有所不同。
1)当某事正在进行的时候，又发生了另一件事。While, when, as 都可用来引导表示“背景”的时间状语从句。例如：
As/When/While I was walking down the street I noticed a police car.
2)当两个长动作同时进行的时候，最常用的是while。例如：
While mother was cooking lunch, I was doing my homework.
3)当两个动作都表示发展变化的情况时，最常用的是as。例如：
As children get older, they become more and more interested in things around them.
4)当两个短动作同时发生时，或表示“一边…一边…”时，最常用as。例如：
Just as he caught the fly, he gave a loud cry.
She looked behind from time to time as she went
5)当从句的动作先于主句的动作时，通常用when。例如：
When he finished his work, he took a short rest.
6)当从句是瞬间动作，主句是延续性动作时，通常用when。例如：
When John arrived I was cooking lunch.
(2)as, because, since , for
这四个词都可表原因，但用法有区别。
1)如果原因构成句子的最主要部分，一般用because。因此，because引导的从句往往放在句末。例如：
I stayed at home because it rained.
---Why aren’t you going?
---Because I don’t want to.
2)如果原因已被人们所知，或不如句子的其它部分重要，就用as或since。Since比as稍微正式一点。As和since 引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。例如：
As he wasn’t ready, we left without him.
Since I have no money, I can’t buy any food.
3)for用来补充说明一种理由，因此，for引导的从句几乎可以放在括号里。For引导的句子不放在句子的开头。例如：
I decided to stop and have lunch----for I was feeling quite hungry.www.zhongkao5.com//
(3)if, whether
if和whether都可作“是否”讲，在引导宾与从句是一般可互换。例如：
I wonder whether (if) you still study in that school.
I don’t know whether (if) he likes that film.
在下列情况下，只能用whether,不能用if：
1)引导主语从句时。例如：
Whether he will come to the party is unknown.
2)引导表语从句时。例如：
The question is whether I can pass the exam.
3)在不定式前。例如：
I haven’t made up my mind whether to go there or not.
(4)so…that, such…that
1)so…that中的so是个副词，其后只能跟形容词或副词，而such…that中的such是个形容词，后接名词或名词短语。例如：
I’m so tired that I can’t walk any farther.
It was such a warm day that he went swimming.
2)如果在名词之前有many, much, little, few时，用so,不用such。例如：
He has so little education that he is unable to get a job.
I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.
(5)either…or…， neither…nor, not only…but also…
这三个连词词组都可连接两个并列成分。当它们连接两个并列主语时，
谓语动词要随相邻的主语变化。例如：
Either you or he is wrong.
Neither he nor his children like fish.
Not only the teacher but also the students want to buy the book.
(6)although, but
这两个连词不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说“Although he is
over sixty, but he works as hard as others.”这个句子应改为：Although he is over sixty, he works as hard as others.或He is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.
(7)because, so
这两个连词同样不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说“Because John
was ill, so I took him to the doctor.” 这个句子应改为Because John was ill, I took him to the doctor.或John was ill, so I took him to the doctor.
篇8：英语语法介词语法知识点
目录
英语介词的定义
英语介词的种类
英语常用介词用法与辨析
英语介词的定义
介词是一种用来表示词与词, 或者词与句之间的关系的词，在句中不能单独作句成分。介词一定要有宾语，充当宾语的一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其它词、短语或句子，短语或从句。
英语介词的种类
(1)简单介词，如at, in off, on, by, to, with等。
(2)合成介词，如into, inside, within, throughout等。
(3)短语介词，如according to, because of, in addition to, in front of, in spite of等。
(4)二重介词，如from behind, from among, until after, at about等。
英语常用介词用法与辨析
一、表示方位的介词：in, to, on
1. in 表示在某地范围之内。如：
Shanghai is/lies in the east of China. 上海在中国的东部。
2. to 表示在某地范围之外。如：
Japan is/lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东面。
3. on 表示与某地相邻或接壤。如：
Mongolia is/lies on the north of China. 蒙古国位于中国北边。
二、表示计量的介词：at, for, by
1. at表示“以……速度”“以……价格”。如：
It flies at about 900 kilometers an hour. 它以每小时900公里的速度飞行。
I sold my car at a high price. 我以高价出售了我的汽车。
2. for表示“用……交换，以……为代价”。如：
He sold his car for 500 dollars. 他以五百元把车卖了。
注意：at表示单价(price) ，for表示总钱数。
3. by表示“以……计”，后跟度量单位。如：
They paid him by the month. 他们按月给他计酬。
Here eggs are sold by weight. 在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。
三、表示材料的介词：of, from, in
1. of成品仍可看出原料。如：
This box is made of paper. 这个盒子是纸做的。
2. from成品已看不出原料。如：
Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。
3. in表示用某种材料或语言。如：
Please fill in the form in pencil first. 请先用铅笔填写这个表格。
They talk in English. 他们用英语交谈。
注意：in指用材料，不用冠词;而with指用工具，要用冠词。请比较：draw in pencil/draw with a pencil。
介词短语在句中的作用
介词不能单独在句子当中担当成分，它后面必须接名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类搭配(介词+宾语)构成介词短语;和动词搭配构成短语动词，然后才能够在句子当中充当成分。
一、介词的搭配与选择
介词不能在句子中独立充当一个成分，而需要与其后面的宾语相结合，成为介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。所以选用什么介词要根据其后面所接的宾语而定。但是，有时介词也受其前面用词的限制，因此，许多情况下也应根据介词前面的词选用相应的介词。
二、介词的语法功能
介词与其他词类或成分结合后方能在句子中充当语法成分，构成介词短语。介词短语可以作定语(须后置)、状语、表语、宾语补足语、另一个介词的宾语，间或作主语等。
例如：
The skyscraper in the distance isa five-star hotel.(定语)
Her eyes were tired from long reading.(状语)
The decision is of great importance to me.(表语)
They found the machine in a bad state.(宾语补足语)
A pretty girl appeared from behind the curtain.(介词宾语)
On purpose or not on purpose is of great difference.(主语)
篇9：定语从句：介词语法
介词
1. 合成介词和复杂介词
1) 合成介词:inside,into, onto, out of, outside, throughout, upon within, without
2) 复杂介词:accordingto, along with, apart from, as for, as to, because of, by means of, in frontof, in spite of, instead of, inaccordance with, on account of, on behalf of, owing to, due to, together with,up to, with regard to, prior to等
2. 介词在句末:
This is what he is interested in.
Does everyone has a seat to sit on?
3. 名词加介词 ( n + prep)
1) 某些名词之后要求用某些介词:solution to, faith in, glance at, need for
2) 某些名词之前要求用某些介词:onone’s guard, at one’s request, in all probability, to mydelight
4. 动词加介词
1) Vi + prep:prevail on, appeal to, fallinto, apply for, touch upon
2) Vt + O + prep:lay emphasis on, takeadvantage of等
3) Vi + adv + prep:
I don’t wish to break in on yourthoughts.
The family came up against freshproblems.
You’re not telling me the whole story.You’re holding out on me.
She got off with him soon after she beganto work at the institution.
4) Vt + O + adv +prep:
You shouldn’t take your resentment out onme.
We shouldn’t put the shortage down to badplanning.
5. 形容词加介词
about---anxious, careful, careless,certain, considerate, enthusiastic, guilty, happy, mad, particular, sad, sure,timid, unhappy, etc
at---awkward, bad, clever,disappointed, disgusted, good, marvellous, quick, skilful, skilled, useless,weak, etc
for---convenient, eligible, grateful,homesick, hungry, necessary, noted, perfect, responsible, etc from --- evident,exempt, inseparable, safe, tired, etc
in---deficient, expert, liberal, quick,rich, successful, weak, etc
of---apprehensive, characteristic,critical, destructive, envious, hard, inconsiderate, impatient, dependent,jealous, positive, scared, sensible, short, sick, suspicious, typical, worthy,etc
on---dependent, keen, intent, etc
to---acceptable, accessible, agreeable,alive, attentive, blind, comparable, courteous, deaf, destructive, essential,favourable, hostile, indifferent, married, obedient, parallel, preferable,related, responsible, sensitive, suitable, unjust, etc
with---awkward, bored, careful,disappointed, generous, identical, ill, impatient, popular, sick, wrong, etc
篇10：定语从句：介词语法
1. 限制和非限制性定语从句:限制性定语从句是名词词组不可缺少的一个组成部分, 去掉了会造成病句或意义不明确; 非限制性定语从句属于补充说明性质, 去掉了不会影响主要意义, 通常用逗号与它的先行词分开.
The boys who wanted to play football were disappointed when it rained.
The boys, who wanted to play football, were disappointed when it rained.
如果定语从句的先行词是专有名词, 或是带有形容词性物主代词(my, his, etc)或形容词性指示代词(this, that, etc)作限定词, 其后的定语从句通常都是非限制性的: Mary Smith, who is in the corner, wants to meet you.
Her mother, who had long suffered form arthritis, died last night.
All these books, which have been donated by visiting professors, are to be used by the postgraduates.
在非限制性定语从句中只能用who/whom指人, 用which指物,通常不用that替代.
My father, who had been on a visit to America, returned yesterday.
All the books, which had pictures in them, were sent to the little girl.
2. 定语从句的引导词
1) that, who, whom: 非限制性定语从句, 如果修饰人, 一般用who,有时用that (作主语时用who较多). 如果关系代词在从句中作宾语, 就应当用宾格 whom 或that,但在大多数情况下都可以省略掉, 在口语中可用who代替whom.
Here is the man (whom) you’ve been looking for.
He is a man (that) you can safely depend on.
The people (who/that) you were talking to were Swedes.
There are some people here who I want you to meet.
但在介词后只能用whom:
This is the man to whom I referred.
但在口语中一般都把介词放到句子后面去, 这时可用that, 但省略时更多一些.
Have you met the person about whom he was speaking?
Have you met the person (that) he was speaking about
The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.
The girl (who/that) I spoke to is my cousin.
2) 限制性定语从句如果修饰“物”, 用关系代词that的时候较多, 也有时用which..当这个代词在从句中是用作宾语时, 在绝大多数情况下都是省略的, 特别是口语中(尤其是当被修饰的词是all, everything等词时):
Have you everything you need?
(Is there) anything I can do for you?
All you have to do is to press the button.
在介词后只能用which, 在口语中一般都把介词放到从句后部去, 这时可以用that, 但省略的时候更多一些:
The tool with which he is working is called a wrench.
The tool (that) he is working with is called a wrench.
This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion.
This is the question (that) we’ve had so much discussion about.
定语从句一般是修饰名词或代词的, 但间或也可以修饰整个句子a), 或是句子的`一部分b), 引导词用which:
a) They have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them.
The activity was postponed, which was exactly what we wanted
b) When deeply absorbed in work, which he often was, he would forget all about eating and sleeping.
She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.
3) whose: 在表示“．．．的”这个概念时, 可用所有格 whose; whose 用于指物, 有时可与of which交替使用, 通常的词序是 名词词组 + of which:
Is there anyone in your class whose family is in the northeast?
We had a meeting whose purpose was completely unclear. (…the purpose of which was…) He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. (…whose name I’ve…)
of which前的名词词组也可以由some, any, none, all, both, several, enough, many, most, few以及基数词担任; 这些词也能用在of whom之前.
The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.
It’s a family of eight children, all of whom are studying music.
4) 关系副词 when, where, why: 它们的含义相当于 at which, in which, for which, 因此它们之间有交替使用的可能.
The day when he was born…
on which he was born…
which he was born on…
The office where he works…
at which he works…
which he works at…
有时可用that替代关系副词, 在口语中that可省略.
Every time (that) the telephone rings, he gets nervous.
This was the first time I had serious trouble with my boss.
Do you know anywhere (that) I can get a drink?
This is the place (where) we met yesterday.
That is the reason (why) he did it.
在the way 后也可用that 替代in which, 在口语中that也可省略.
This is the way (that/in which) he did it.
That’s the way I look at it.
3. 如果定语从句中谓语为there is, 作主语的关系代词也常可省掉:
I must make full use of the time there is left to me and do as much as I can for the people.
This is the fastest train (that) there is to Nanjing.
4. 定语从句的简化:定语从句与不定式结构, -ing分词结构, -ed分词结构以及无动词分句等有着转换关系.
He was the only one to realize the danger (= who realized the danger).
The woman driving the car (= who was driving the car) indicated that she was going to turn left. The man injured by the bullet (= who was injured by the bullet) was taken to hospital.
All the women present (= who were present) looked up in alarm.
篇11：介词语法小讲
关于介词语法小讲
介词是一种表示名词和句中其他词之间关系的词，它不能单独作句子成分，后接名词、代词等作其宾语。
一、介词搭配
介词常与名词、动词、形容词等搭配。
(一)与名词搭配
如：
in deficit (赤字，逆差)
approach to (……的方法)
in the wake of (紧紧跟随，随着……而来)
from scratch (从零开始)
例句： China also signed a long?term trade agreement with the EEC in 1978 while trade with the USA has increased rapidly in the wake of the normalization of diplomatic relations at the beginning of 1979.
分析： 该句是并列句。
译文： 1978年中国还与欧洲经济共同体签署了长期贸易协议;随着1979年初与美国外交关系正常化的到来，中国与美国的贸易也迅速增长。
(二)与动词搭配
如：
move along (沿着)
bustle about (匆忙)
buoy up (上升)
rein in (抑制)
pass down (使流传)
例句： The decline was partly caused by India?s reining in of its budget deficit and the short?term effects of the implementation of strong emergency stabilization measures.
分析： 该句是简单句。
译文： 衰退的部分原因是印度抑制其预算赤字及推行强有力的紧急稳定措施的短期效果。
例句： Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage， either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father?s line or mitochondrial DNA, which is passed down only from mothers. (选自Text 2)
分析： 该句是复合句，句子主干是most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either...or...引导的.并列短语作a single lineage的同位语，which is passed down only from mothers是一个修饰mitochondrial DNA的非限制性定语从句。
译文： 然而，许多血统检测仅仅考虑一个单一的血统，要么是遗传来自父亲家庭里的Y染色体，要么是仅从母亲那里遗传下来的线粒体DNA。
(三)与形容词搭配
如：
amenable to (对……负责)
conducive to (对……有益)
awkward for (对……不便，对……不合适)
例句： Korea traditionally has made things awkward for foreigners in terms of its financial systems, its real estate laws and so forth.
分析： 该句是简单句。
译文： 韩国传统上一直在金融体制、不动产法等方面让外国人感到极不方便。
篇12：语法题析---从属连词
复合句是考题的基本句子结构，因而连接主句和从句的连接词就成为重要的命题焦点。TOEEL常考的从属连词分三类：（1）关系代词( that, which ,what who. Whose) (2) 关系副词（where when why how） (3) 状语从句连接词 (where, when, if, though, because…) 掌握有关从属连词的试题命题规律，这类题目并不复杂。
从属连词常考题型及解题要点
1. 主句与从句之间必须有从属连词
例题分析
(1)The spiral threads of a spider*s web have a sticky substance on them _____ insects.
(A) traps (B) trap its (C) which traps (D) which it traps
[答案] C 定语从句关系代词which引导从句，且在从句中作主语。
(2)Angiosperms inhabit relatively diverse environments and may be found ______ higher plants can survive.
(A) there (B) wherever (C) somewhere (D) then
[答案] B 空格前后为两个完整的句子，这里应填入连接词联系主从两句。四个选择只有wherever是连词，引导地点状语从句。
(3)Duke Wellington was a composer. Conductor, and pianist ______ ranked as one of the greatest of all jazz figures.
(A) him (B) although (C) or (D) who
[答案] D 关系代词who引导定语从句，并作从句的主语。
(4) ______ Some of the Earth*s interior heat escapes to the surface.
(A) A volcano erupts (B) A volcano whether erupts
(C) A volcano erupts it (D) If a volcano erupts
[答案] D 从属连词引导条件状语从句。
2. 关系代词 who与which混淆错用
解题要点：在四个选择答案中出现who 或者which，应确认它所指代的是人还是物。
例题分析
(1)Fossil remains indicate that squidlike creatures called belemnites swam in the sea who covered the North American continent 70 million years ago.
[答案] 关系代词who指代的是sea，因此应用指物的which或that。
(2)Vaccines for some rare diseases are given only to persons which risk exposure to the disease.
[答案] 关系代词which指代前面的persons，应改为人称关系代词who。
(3) Essentially, a theory is an abstract. Symbolic representation of ______ reality.
(A) what it is conceived (B) that is conceived
(C) what is conceived to be (D) that is being conceived of
[答案] C what = the thing that (is conceived to be…) .答案（A）中的代词it是多余的，因为what本身即已包含了先行词（the thing ） 和关系代词(that) 。答案（B）中的关系代词that引导的从句不可以置于介词的后面。
(5) Most of the food what elephants eat is brought to their mouths by their trunks.
[答案] what应改为that。此句已含有先行词food，不能再用关系代词what。
5. 主句和从句
解题要点 主语从句是常考而中国考生又较陌生英文文法结构。主语从句的特点是读起来有种头重脚轻的感觉，而且有两个谓语动词。连词That 引导的主语从句应特别留意。因为That 在句中没有任何意义，它只具有引导出主语从句的功能，因而很容易被忽略。
例题分析
(1) _____ xenon could not from chemical compounds was once believed by scientists.
(A) For (B) It was (C) That (D) While
[答案] C That引导的主语从句。其中第一个谓语动词could from 是从句的谓语，第二个系动was是主句的谓语。
(2) ______ to space travelers is high acceleration of deceleration forces.
(A) Danger can be (B) They can be dangerous
(C) What can be dangerous (D) While danger
[答案] C what引导的主语从句。What既是从句的连词，又是从句的主语。
(3) ______ has been a topic of continual geological research.
(A) Did the continents originate (B) How did the continents originate
(C) Have the continents originated
(D) How the continents originated
[答案] D How 引导的主语从句。
(4) ______ progress helps to relieve scarcities is a fact accepted by economists.
(A) Technological (B) That technological
(C)Although technological (D)There is technological
[答案] B. That 引导的主语从句，当连续读到两个谓语动词(e.g. helps…is)，而空格在句首，应首先考虑主语从句。这是主语从句典型的句子结构。
篇13：八年级英语连词语法知识点
八年级英语连词语法知识点
引导原因状语从句的连词：
because:Becauseitrainedhetookataxi.由于下雨他叫了一辆出租车。
as:Asyou'resorry,I'llforgiveyou.既然你悔悟了，我就原谅你。Since:Sinceyouwillgothere,Iwillgotoo.7.让步状语从句的连词：although/though:
Though/Althoughitisnotlarge,theroomwaslight.房间虽然不大，采光却很好。evenif:They'llstandbyyouevenifyoudon'tsucceed.即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。
引导地点状语从句的连词：(难点)
where:I'lldriveyouwhereyou'regoing.你到哪儿我都可以开车送你去。wherever:We'llgowhereveryousay.你说哪里我们就到哪里。
everywhere:Everywherehewent,hewasintroducedasthecurrentUSchampion.
不管他到哪里，人们都介绍他是当前的'美国冠军。
nomatterwhere:Keepyourmobilephonewithyounomatterwhereyouare.
不管在哪里你都要带着手机。
引导结果状语从句的连词：
1)结果状语从句主要由so…that和such…that引导：
so…that:Hewassofatthathecouldn'tgetthoughthedoor.他胖得连门都过不去了。such…that:Jimmadesuchanoisethathissistertoldhimtobequiet.
吉姆吵成那样，他姐姐让他安静点。
引导目的状语从句的连词：(重点)
inorderthat:Ilenthim500yuaninorderthathecangoforaholiday.
我借给他50英镑，使他能去度假。
sothat:AskhertohurryupwiththeletterssothatIcansignthem.
让她快点把信打好，以便我能签字。
引导时间状语从句的连词：
when:Don'tgetexcitedwhenyoutalk.讲话时别激动。
while:Wemuststrikewhiletheironishot.我们要趁热打铁。
as:Hesmiledashepassed.他经过时笑了笑。
before:Itwillbefiveyearsbeforewemeetagain.要五年后咱们才能再相见。
after:I'lltellthemafteryouleave.我将在你走后告诉他们。
until,till:Iproposewaitingtillthepolicegethere.我建议等警察来了再说。
since:HowlongisitsinceyoucametoLondon?你到伦敦有多久了?
whenever:Wheneveritispossible,theyplayoutside.一有机会他们就到外面玩耍。
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