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初中英语介词的用法

时间：2024年12月30日

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以下是小编精心整理的初中英语介词的用法，本文共8篇，仅供参考，希望能够帮助到大家。本文原稿由网友“指间缘”提供。

篇1：初中英语介词用法

初中英语介词用法大全,介词用法归纳汇总

介词的定义

介词是一种虚词，不能独立充当句子成分，需与动词、形容词和名词搭配，才能在句子中充当成分。

介词是用于名词或代词之前，表示词与词之间关系的词类，介词常与动词、形容词和名词搭配表示不同意义。

介词短语中介词后接名词、代词或可以替代名词的词（如：动名词v-ing）.介词后的代词永远为宾格形式。

介词的分类

一、表示时间的介词

（一）表示时间段的介词

（1）in , after

in +时间段，表示从现在起往后推算一段时间

after +时间段，表示过去某时间往后推算一段时间，如：

He’ll come back in two days. 但点钟用after( after three o’clock)

He left on July 2 and returned after three days.

（2）in , during

表示在一段特指的时间内，可用in 或during

The work was done in / during the holidays.

表示年份、月份、季节用in , 如:in ,in June , in winter

（3）in last, for the past + 时间段, during

表示在最近一段时间内，句中谓语动词常用现在完成时

I have been in Shanghai in the last few years.

（4）for 表示延续一段时间。

I’ll study in the U.S for two years

I’ve waited for Bingo for half an hour.

（二）表示某一时间的介词

（1）at, on

at 表示某一时刻，on 表示某一天或日期, 如:

at 7:14, on Saturday morning on the night of May2

一天内各段时间表达, 选用正确的介词，请比较：

in the morning

on a winter / snow / cold / morning

at night

on the night of March 7th

in the evening

on Friday evening

（2）before, by

before 表示某一时间之前，而by 表示到某一时间止，句中谓语动词多用完成时态。如:：You must get up before six. 你必须六点之前起床。

By the end of last month the boy had got 4 “As”.

到上月底这个男孩已得了4个A.

（3）after , since

after 可以表示过去某一点时间之后，并不延续说话时间,和一般过去连用，而since表示从过去某时间开始的一段时间延续到说话时间, 与现在完时连用如；

My father lived in Shanghai after liberation .

解放后我父亲住在上海.

Since the end of last year the lady has given five concerts.

自去年年底以来，这位女士开了五十场音乐会

（4）from…to, until / till

from----to表示从某一点时间到另一点时间的一段时间，而until till 表示某动作或状态延续到某点时间如：

My mother studied in Beijing University from 1960 to 1964.

从1960年到1964年我妈妈在北京大学学习。

My mother entered Beijing University in 1960, and studied there until 1964.

我妈妈1960年进入北京大学，一直学习到1964年。（但“从早到晚”常表达为from morning till night）

（三）不用介词表示时间的词或词组

含this, that, last, next 的表示时间的名词词组,以及某些时间的副词或名词词组前不用介词,如：this year last summer, yesterday , the day after tomorrow 等。

二、表示事物之间位置的介词

（1）at, in

当事物被视作一点，不强调其空间常用介词at, 而表示空间内部用介词in, 如：

We’ll meet at the supermarket 我们在超市见面

I had to stay in the supermarket as it was raining hard

因为下大雨，我只好呆在超市里

动词arrive 后接at ,表示较小的地方, 如: 车站、村庄等.后接in 表示较大地方，如: 城市,地区等

（2）in, to

in 表示事物在区域范围内的位置，to 表示事物对区域范围之外另一事物的位置，如：

Shanghai is in the east of China. 上海在中国东部

Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国东面。

in front of 表示在前面,一般不在范围内，in the front of 表示在前面.在同一范围内。

（3）after, behind

after 指顺序先后 ,behind 指位置在某事物之后，相对于in front of 而言, 如：

He entered the classroom after the teacher

He hid himself behind the door 他在门后。

（4）on , in

on 表示“在某事物表面上”。如将事物看作空间，表示在其内部，用介词in。

There is a modern painting on the wall .

（5）from , off 都表示“离开”

（6）above , over, below , under

over , under 表示垂直的上下关系，而above, below 仅表示位置上“高于”或“低于”, 不表示垂直关系。

（7）between, among

between 表示“两个事物之间”, among 表示“三者以上的事物之间”。

三、表示运动方向的介词

（1）into, inside , in 从外到内如：

He went quickly into / inside the room.

（2）out of 从里到外，相当于outside, 或从里向外,相当于from

She went out of from the office in a hurry 她匆匆走出办公室.

The boy watched the buses, cars and bikes out from the window .

这男孩透过窗观看外面的公交车、小汽车和自行车。

（3）on 在……表面，onto 到……上

A boat is on the river. 一条小船在河上。

He jumped onto a tree. 他跳上一棵树

（4）across 穿过一平面、through 穿过一空间

The boy kicked the ball hard and it moved across the grass.

这男孩用力踢球，球飞过草地。

The train moved fast through the tunnel. 火车飞驶隧道。

（5）The train moved fast through the tunnel. 火车飞驶隧道。

She walked to the bank 她步行到银行去

She swam towards the shore 她朝岸边游去。

四、常用介词用法比较

（1）as , like

as 表示“作为”强调身份，like (介词)表示“像”

As a teacher, he cares for these children.

Like a teacher, he cares for these children.

（2）with , in

with 表示“外貌特征或附带的东西” ,“ 用……作工具”

in 表示”衣着” ”用某语言”, 在固定搭配中也可用in

A man with dark glasses wanted to buy drinks.

A man in black wanted to buy drinks.

The boy is learning to write in pencil / with a pencil.

He retold the text in English.

（3）for , to

for表示“为了.”

To 表示动作对象, “对, 向.” 如:

He would do anything for his motherland.

Did you mention this to my father?

你对我父亲提起过这件事吗?

for 表示“就某情况而说 ”, to 表示一“对某对象而言”如：

It’s quite warm today for February.就二月的天气，今天够暖和的。

What he told you just now was not new to me

他刚才对你所说的话对我并不新鲜

for 表示“目的,用途”。与go, come动词连用，

（4）except , besides

except 表示“从总体中排除一部分”, 与bat 同义， besides 表示“除了一部分还有另一部分”

We all failed except him. 我们都失败了，但他没有。

He speaks German besides French.他懂法外还会讲英语。

（5）注意成对介词的用法：

get into (out of ) the car, get on (off) the bus, jump onto (off) the platform, out of

（6）介词和名词动词等有不少固定搭配和习惯用法：

to one’s surprise / joy, in charge of , instead of, in bed (hospital), in trouble, in a hurry, in surprise, with a smile, with one voice, according to, at once, on time, in time, in all, at home, (school, work), at last, at least, in the end, by the way, for example, at the same time, at the same speed, on one’s way (to), in the sun, on the football team, in line, with the help of, in red / green … put on, look for, look after, run after, send for, enter for, pay for, show…around, listen to, arrive in / at, get to, agree with, succeed in, think of (about), wait for,….

（7）表示加减乘除，分别用介词plus, minus, times 和动词过去分词divided + by

复习时需要注意的要点

（1）介词一般放在名词之前，但它后面的介词宾语是疑问代词、疑问副词或者关系代词时，这些词提到了前面而只剩下介词在后了。

（2）介词和动词、形容词、名词等常常构成固定搭配，也就是说，在这些词的后面常常要求用一定的介词。这一点在学习时要特别注意。如：

a.动词+介词：laugh at, wait for

b.形容词、过去分词+介词：be good at, be prond of

c. 名词+介词：pay a visit to , the key to

介词的实战演练

例1 We will play football three o’clock．

A． In B． After

C． To D． since

答案： B

提示：这四个选项的介词都可以表示时间，但含义和用法不同。in常用来表示以现在为起点的将来一段时间之后，after?可表示从过去为起点的一段时间之后，通常与过去时连用。但要注意after?也可以表示将来某一特定时刻之后。本题里after表示将来某一特定时刻。

例2 The story took place a cold night.

A． in B． after

C． to D． since

答案： B

提示： on通常指特定时期：或表示某一天的上午，下午，晚上等。句中的时间状语a cold night已表明在某个寒冷的夜晚，其前面应使用介词on。

例3 We will play football three o’clock．

A． In B． After

C． To D． since

答案： B

例4 The story took place a cold night.

A． in B． after

C． to D． since

答案： B

提示： on通常指特定时期：或表示某一天的上午，下午，晚上等。句中的时间状语a cold night已表明在某个寒冷的夜晚，其前面应使用介词on。

例5 This is the bus the People’s Park．

A． at B． for

C． to D． towards

答案： B

提示：四个选项的介词表达的意义不同。at表示“在某处，在……旁边”，for表示“（动身）去……处”，to表示“到……某处”，towards表示“向……某处”。

例6 —Are your parents workers?

—No， is a worker．

A． neither B． none

C． either D． both

答案： A

提示： neither是对两个人或事物的否定，谓语用单数形式；而both则是对两个人或事物的肯定，谓语用复数形式。

例7 The work cost us more than five weeks.（保持原意）

more than five weeks the work.

答案： We spent, on

提示： cost表示花费时间，只能用表示事物的词作主语，而spend也表示花费时句子主语必须是人。注意spend…on，表示在某事上花费。

例8 Beijing has a lot of old buildings. It also has a lot of new ones.（合并一句）

答案： Beijing has not only a lot of old buildings but also a lot of new ones

提示：这道题主要掌握表示递进关系的连词词组。

例9 My brother likes skating．I like swimming．（合并一句）

答案： My brother likes skating but I like swimming．

提示：这道题的两个句子主语不是同一个人，谓语动词之后的部分也不同，实际上是把喜欢的内容由一个方面转到另一个方面，所以用but把两个句子连接起来。

例10 He is too young to join the army．（改复合句）

答案： He is so young that he can’t join the army．

提示： so．．．that表示否定时可与too…to转换。

例11 There is a hole the wall．

A． in B． on

C． of D． with

答案： A

提示：在墙的里面，用in the wall，而on the wall指在墙的表面上。

例12 English names are different Chinese names．

A． between B． of

C． from D． about

答案： C

提示： be different from表示“与……不同”，是一个固定词组。

例13 We always have a class meeting Monday afternoon．

A． at B． on

C． in D． of

答案： B

提示：在某天的上午下午或晚上，介词应使用0n。

例14 Please write it ink

A． with B． in

C． by D． of

答案： B

提示：如果表示用墨水写该用in，不能用with。

例15 I’ll return the book to the library I finish reading it

A． when B． if

C． as soon as D． as

答案： C

提示：此句意思为我一看完这本书就还给图书馆，as 。

篇2：初中英语介词用法

初中英语介词用法归纳

表示时间的介词

at：用于表示时刻，时间的某一点。

on:用于星期，某天，某一天的上午，下午，晚上(指具体的某一天时，一律用on

in:用于表示周，月，季节，年，泛指上午，下午，晚上

before:在...之前

after:在...之后

by:在....前(时间)截止(到)...

until(till)：直到.....为止

for：达...之久(表示过了多少时间)

during：在....期间

through：一直..(从开始到结束)

from：从...起(时间)

since:自从...以来(表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续)

in：过...后(未来时间)

within：不超过...的范围

表示场所，方向的介词

at :在某地点(表示比较狭窄的场所)

in:在某地(表示比较宽敞的场所)

on:在...上面，有接触面

above：在...上方

over：在...正上方，是under的反义词

under：在..下面，在...之内

below :在...下方(不一定是正下方)

near：近的，不远的

by:在...的旁边，比near的距离要近

between：在两者之间

among：在三者或者更多的之中

around：环绕，在...的周围，在....的四周

in front of:在...的前面

behind：在...后边

in：在..之内，用于表示静止的位置

into：进入

out of :和into一样，也表示有一定的运动方向

along：沿着

across：横过(平面物体)

through：贯通，通过

to :达到..地点(目的地)或方向

for：表示目的，为了.....

from：从...地点起

其他介词

with：和..在一起; 具有，带有; 用某种工具或方法

in：表示用什么材料(例如：墨水，铅笔等)或用什么语言。表示衣着.声调特点时，不用with而用in。

by:通过...方法，手段

of:(属于)...的，表示...的数量或种类

from：来自(某地，某人)，以...起始

without：没有，是with的反义词

like :像...一样

as :作为

against：反对，靠着

about：关于，各处，四周; 询问某人，某物的情况或提出建议

初中英语几大从句归纳总结

v 宾语从句

一. 定义：宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子

如：He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up.

二. 宾语从句有三种类型：

1.由从属连词that引导的宾语从句表示陈述意义，连词that常可被省略。例如：I hope (that) they will have fun. Mary said that she felt sleepy.

Can’t you see (that) I’m a bird?

注意：(1)当主句的谓语动词是think,believe等时，宾语从句尽管要表示否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。如：I don’t think he will come.我认为他不会来。

(2)两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时，有时省去第一个从句的连词that，但第二个从句的连词that一般不可以省略。如：

He told me (that)they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice.

2.由从属连词if或whether引导的宾语从句表示“是否(有，能，已经……)”等一般疑问句的含义。

例如：I wonder whether (if) he lives here.

3.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,how,why等引导的宾语从句表示“谁，谁的，什么，哪(个，些)，何时，何地，怎样，为什么”等等特殊疑问句的意义。除了连接词及被修饰的词提前以外，宾语从句用陈述句语序。

例如：To masked who could give the message to her mother.

Do you know what he said just now? I wondered how old his brother was.

三.宾语从句的时态呼应：“主现则从任，主过则从过，客观真理一般现”

1.当主句是现在时或将来时的时候，宾语从句可以用所需要的任何时态。

2.主句是过去时，宾语从句一般只能用过去时的某种形式;当从句叙述的是客观事实或一般真理时，宾语从句仍然用现在时态。

3.情态动词must一般不用于过去时，但却可以用于主句是过去时的宾语从句中。

四.宾语从句的语序

1 宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序(主语在前，谓语在后)

如：I want to know if he can come tomorrow

2 当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时，后面直接加谓语动词

如：She asked me who had helped him

v 状语从句

英语中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语。

状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等，根据状语的功能状语从句可分为：时间状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句。

一.时间状语从句：在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。

时间状语的连接词：when(当…时候) while(当…时候) as(当…时候) after(在…以后) before(在…以前) as soon as(一…就) since(自从…到现在) till /until(直到…才) by the time(到…为止)依旧是连接词后加陈述语序。

1. when 当…的时候(一般情况下：主将从现)

I will become a teacher when I grow up

2. while 当…时

He visited a lot of places while he was traveling.

3. as 在…的同时;一边…一边…

He smiled as he stood up.

4. after 在…之后

He left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day.

5. before 在…之前

Mr. Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here.

6. as soon as 一…就…(一般情况下：主将从现)

We began to work as soon as we got there.

I will write to you as soon as I get home.

7. since 自…以来到现在

表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前(说话时间)为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。

Mr Green has taught in that school since he came to China three years ago. (还可以用作介词，本句从句还可以用短语：since three years ago(自三年前以来)表示。)

8 till /until 直到

都可以作连词，连接时间状语，也可以作介词，与其它词构成介词短语，在句中作状语。

They walked till /until it was dark.

Xiao Ming didn’t leave home till / until his father came back.

9. by the time 到…为止 (所在句子的主句应用现在或过去完成时)

By the time he gets there , his father has already gone.

By the time I got to school, the class had already began.

用法辨析：1.when, while和as的区别

When 引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。

例如： When she came in, I stopped eating. 她进来时，我在吃饭。(瞬时动词)

When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.

当的住在农村时，我常常为他担水。(延续性的动词)

We were about to leave when he came in. 我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。

While 引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应)。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例如：

While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.

I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。(对比)

As 表示“一边……一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调“一先一后。

例如： We always sing as we walk. 我们总是边走边唱。(as表示“一边……一边”)

As we was going out, it began to snow. 当我们出门时，开始下雪了。(as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间)

as when while都表示主、从句动作同时发生，三者差异如下：

表示“一边。。。一边“的意思

when

1、还可以表示从句动词的动作在主几句动词的动作”之前 “或”之后“发生。

2、when=and then; at that moment (正在那个时候)

3.常用于常见搭配中

while

1、用于时间较长时

2、强调两个动作同时进行，并表示对比时

有时这三个连词可以互换，有时不可以。

lt was raining hard when (as) I got there.

我到那里时，正在下大雨。 ( 动作同时发生，when可换为as, 但不能换为while，因为get是点动词.)

When I had read the article, he called me.

我看完这篇文章之后，她给我打了电话。( 从句动作发生在主句之前，注意时态表达，只能用when )

When I got to the cinema, the film had begun.

(当)我到了电影院时，电影已经开演了。(从句的动作发生在主句之后，只能用when,并要注意时态)

He was about to leave, when the telephone rang.

他正要离开，忽然电话响了。( 此时不能放在句首。主句动词一般表达 “正在” “即将”.

while, as不能代替

She thought I was talking about her daughter, while, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.

他以为我在谈她女儿，然而，实际上在谈论我女儿。(表转折，对比，when, as都不能代替它)

While the alien was buying a souvenir, the girl called the police.

外星人买纪念品时，那女孩给警察打了电话。(表示主句，从句的动作同时发生，while后引导的状语从句的动词必须是延续动词不能是点动词，因为它表示较长时间)

Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as (when/ while) father was away.

妈妈担心，因为小爱丽丝病了，特别是他父亲不在家的时候。(此时as ,when, while可通用)

2. 由till或until引导的时间状语从句。

till和until一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式;如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。例如：

I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。

I didn't work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。

3. 由since引导的时间状语从句。

since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时，表述为：现在完成时+since+一般过去时。但在It is +时间+since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。例如：

It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。

知识扩展

1. It is …since 从….以来多长时间了

It is five years since we met last time.

2. It is …+before…(。。。才。。。)

It was a long time before I went to sleep again.

It was an hour before(=until) the police arrived.

二.原因状语从句：在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。

连接词：由连词because, since, as引导, 也可由for, now that 等词引导

1.I didn’t go to school yesterday because I was ill.

2. Since everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting. 既然。。。

3. As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late. 既然。。。

4.I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her.

.用法辨析：because , since , as , for辨析

1)because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。

I didn’t go, because I was afraid.

Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.

2)由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。

He is absent today, because / for he is ill.

He must be ill, for he is absent today.

三、条件状语从句

连接词：if如果, unless (=if not) 如果不、除非(让步)

1. If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.

2. I will go to the party unless he goes there too.

3. You will be late unless you leave immediately.

=If you don’t leave immediately, you will be late.

条件状语从句：主将从现.

He will not leave if it isn’t fine tomorrow.

四、目的、结果状语从句

目的状语从句是指在一个句子中充当目的状语的句子。

结果状语从句是指在一个句子中充当结果状语的句子

目的状语从句连接词so that, so…that , in order that 引导。

结果状语从句连接词 so…that, such…that, so much/many…that引导。

1. so…that 如此…以至于

He always studied so hard that he made great progress.

2. so that 以至于, 以便于

I’ll run slowly so that you can catch up with me. (目的)

I opened the window so that fresh air might come in. (目的)

3. such…that 如此…以至

It’s such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park.

4. in order that=so that 为了

We shall let you know the details soon in order that you can/may make your arrangements.

5.比较：so和 such

其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。

so nice a flowersuch a nice flower

so many / few flowerssuch nice flowers

so many peoplesuch a lot of people

( so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。)

难点

so+形容词或副词 so+形+a(an)+单数可数名词

so +many /few+复数可数名词

so +much/ little+不可数名词

so…that与such…that皆可引导目的地状语从句和结果状语从句。

The boy is so young that he can’t go to school.

He is such a young boy that he can’t go to school

so +adj/adv.+ that， such +n.+ that 以上两种句型都表示结果

so为副词,后接形容词，副词原型，可数名词前有many, few;不可数名词前有much, little修饰时，应采用句型：so many (few, much, little )+n.

such为形容词, 后只能接名词。这名词既可以地可数的，也可以是不可数的。如果这名词是可数的,则必须在名词前加不定冠词a(an). 常见的形式是:such a (beautiful)garden, such(nice)people.

五、让步状语从句让步状语从句是指在句子中作让步的状语的句子

连接词： though, although.，whether…or not

难点：though, although当“虽然”讲, 都不能和but连用. Although/though…but的格式是不对的.但是他们都可以同yet (still) 连用. 所以thought (although)…yet(still)的格式是正确的.

Wrong: Although he is rich but he is not happy.

Right : Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.

虽然他很富有, 然而他并不快乐.

Right : Although we have grown up, our parents treat us as children

Right : Although we have grown up, our parents still treat us as children.

尽管我们已经长大了,可是我们的父母仍把我们看作小孩.

although, though 辨析

although不能作并列连词，although不能作副词，放在词尾表示强调时要用even though.

1、Even though I didn’t under a word, I kept smiling. 尽管

【典型例题】

1) ___she is young, she knows quite a lot.

A. WhenB. HoweverC. AlthoughD. Unless

2)ever if, even though. 即使

We’ll make a trip even though the weather is bad.

3) whether…or not 不管……都

Whether you believe it or not, it is true.

no matter 从句

结构：”no matter +特殊疑问词疑问词+陈述语序“ 或”特殊疑问词+后缀ever+陈述语序“

No matter what happened, he would not mind.

Whatever happened, he would not mind.

替换：no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever

no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever

no matter which = whichever no matter how = however

注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。

(错)No matter what you say is not useful now.

(对)Whatever you say is not useful now. 你现在说什么也没用了。

(Whatever you say是主语从句)

(错)Prisoners have to eat no matter what they’re given,

(对)Prisoners have to eat whatever they’re given. 囚犯们只能给什么吃什么

v 定语从句

定语是指在句子中用来修饰名词、代词的成分

定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后

如：I have met the doctor who is in the No.1 hospital.

定语从句的连接词：

1.连接代词：who、which、whom、whose、that

2.连接副词：when、where、why

选用连接词的关键是看先行词(定语从句所修饰的名词或代词)

一、连接代词的选用：

1.who 指人，先行词为人,在从句中做主语

Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.

2. whom 指人，先行词为人,在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。

Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.

注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

3.which 指物，先行词为物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略

This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.

4. that 指人时，相当于who或者whom;指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。

The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.

Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?

5. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语,译成 ”...的“

He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

指物时，常用以下结构来代替

Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? = Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

介词+连接代词引导的定语从句连接代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+连接代词引导

The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.

The school in which he once studied is very famous.

注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等

This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)

This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)

2. 若介词放在连接代词前，连接代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that;指物时用which，不能用that;连接代词是所有格时用whose

The man with whom you talked is my friend.

The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)

3. “介词+连接代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词

He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.

In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.

There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities

二、连接副词的选用：

1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语

I still remember the day when I first came to the school.

2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语

Shanghai is the city where I was born.

3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语

Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.

注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换

The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,

From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.

Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.

三、判断关系代词和关系副词的方法: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)

例1. Is this the museum ___ you visited a few days ago?

A. whereB. that C. on which D. the one

例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?

A. whereB. that C. on whichD. the one

关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose);

先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语)

四、介词+连接词用法说明

1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。

2)that前不能有介词。

3)某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的”介词+关系词“结构可以同关系副词when ,where和why 互换

如：This is the house in which I lived two years ago.This is the house where I lived two years ago.

Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

This is the reason why he came late. This is the reason for which he came late.

五.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句举例：

china is a country which has a long history.

非限制性定语从句举例：

his mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.

要注意区分以下几个句子的不同

his brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.

他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。(他还有其他的哥哥)

his brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.

他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。(他只有一个哥哥)

关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句

as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：

1.as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。

(1) he married her, as/which was natural.

(2) he was honest, as/which we can see.

2. as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句;

which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。

另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思

as is known to all, china is a developing country.

he is from the south, as we can see from his accent.

john, as you know, is a famous writer.

he has been to paris more than several times, which i don't believe.

注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which

tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.

3. 当先行次受such, the same修饰时，常用as

i have never heard such a story as he tells.

he is not such a fool as he looks.

this is the same book as i lost last week.

注意：当先行次由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as 所引导的定语从句意思不同

she wore the same dress that she wore at mary's wedding.

她穿着她在mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。

she wore the same dress as her young sister wore.

她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。

以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。

the way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.

but 有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句

there are very few but understand his idea. ( but= who don't )

定语从句只能用that的几种情况

1.当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时

Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?

All that can be done has been done.

There is little that I can do for you.

注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who

Any man that/who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.

2. 当先行词被序数词修饰

The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.

3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时

This is the best film that I have seen.

4. 当形容词被the very, the only 修饰时

This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy,

当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who

Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting?

5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时

Who is the man that is standing there?

6. 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时

Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?

初中英语学习方法总结

一、日常学习法

1.制定长远目标，明确每节课的学习任务

根据不同学习阶段及自身能力确立一个“跳一跳才能够得着”的长远目标。有了目标就有了学习动力，有了责任感、紧迫感及努力方向。另外还要学会根据不同课型确定每节课的认知小目标，这样一开始上课，就会受到目标的激励，使大脑处于兴奋状态，才能定向注意，专心致志地去主动学习，提高学习效率。

2.争取课内外各种机会多练习英语

语言不是教会的，而是在使用中学会的。交际能力只能在交际中得到最有效的培养。一个优秀的语言学习者应具有强烈的语言交际的欲望，应力争语言训练的各种机会。应不怕因犯语言错误而被别人讥笑。

3.课前预习，有备而听

预习是个人独立的阅读和思考。它可以培养学习者快速阅读抓主旨大意、抓主要信息、依据上下文猜测词义的能力，也可以培养分析综合及归纳概括、自己发现问题及解决问题等能力。预习也像“火力侦察”，可发现疑难引起思考，一方面可促使学习者自己查阅有关资料，查阅字典，另一方面可减少听课的盲目性，增强听课效果。

4.专心上课，有心识记

上课是学生学习的主渠道，而学好英语的关键是尽一切努力将所学的东西记住，需要时能运用自如。因此，上课时应高度集中注意力.尽量做到五到，即心到、眼到、耳到、口到、手到。应培养瞬间记忆能力，强化“有意注意”，争取就在课内有目标、有意识地去识记该课的生词、短语、句型、重点句子。当接触到该记忆的内容时，应通过眼看、耳听、口念，将其迅速输入到记忆中枢，然后再复现出它的形象。在复现时快速用手指在桌上划出这个单词，或一个长句中最难记的或最重要的单饲，强迫自己在课内就能记住这节课最重要的东西。这样，使自己真正有着“这节课确实学到不少东西”的踏实感、成功感，进而激发动机，提高兴越，更有信心地去继续今后的学习。

5.勤记笔记，巩固记忆

课内扼要记笔记可以帮助集中注意力，理顺思路，增进记忆，锻炼分析归纳、综合概括以及快速反应能力。俗话说“好记性不如烂笔头”。笔记也为日后复习提供一个复习记忆纲要。要学好英语离不开泛读。进行课外阅读时也应扼要记些笔记，做些索引、摘录等，这对加深理解、巩固、积累知识，培养学习能力大有好处。

6.及时、经常、科学地复习，减少遗忘

复习是学习之母。要解决困扰学习者最大的知识遗忘问题，只有靠科学的复习。“艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线”揭示遗忘规律是先快后慢，先多后少。因而从时间安排上讲，复习既要及时又要经常。不仅在当天，而且在第二天、一周后、一月后以及就在你需要用它之前或者在考试前都应安排复习。从复习方法上讲.可采用强化复习(过渡/超额复习)、分散复习、集中复习，把新旧知识有机联系起来，按知识内在规律进行综合归类等复习方法，做到温故而知新，而不是简单机械复现，从而更牢固地掌握知识。

篇3：初中英语介词的用法

表示方位的介词：in，to, on

1. in 表示在某地范围之内。

如:

Shanghai is/lies in the east of China.

上海在中国的东部。

2. to 表示在某地范围之外。

如:

Japan is/lies to the east of China.

日本位于中国的东面。

3. on 表示与某地相邻或接壤。

如:

Mongolia is/lies on the north of China.

蒙古国位于中国北边。

2表示计量的介词：at, for, by

1. at表示“以……速度”“以……价格”。

如:

It flies at about 900 kilometers a hour.

它以每小时900公里的速度飞行。

I sold my car at a high price.

我以高价出售了我的汽车。

2. for表示“用……交换,以……为代价”。

如:

He sold his car for 500 dollars.

他以五百元把车卖了。

注意:at表示单价(price) ,for表示总钱数。

3. by表示“以……计”,后跟度量单位。

如:

They paid him by the month.

他们按月给他计酬。

Here eggs are sold by weight.

在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。

3表示材料的介词：of, from, in

1. of成品仍可看出原料。

如:

This box is made of paper.

这个盒子是纸做的。

2. from成品已看不出原料。

如:

Wine is made from grapes.

葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。

3. in表示用某种材料或语言。

如:

Please fill in the form in pencil first.

请先用铅笔填写这个表格。

They talk in English.

他们用英语交谈。

注意:in指用材料,不用冠词;而with指用工具,要用冠词。

请比较: draw in pencil 与draw with a pencil.

4表示工具或手段的介词：by, with, on

1. by用某种方式,多用于交通。

如：

by bus 乘公共汽车

by e-mail. 通过电子邮件

注意:

表示搭乘交通工具时,用by时不用冠词,用in时要用冠词。

请比较:

I went there by bus/in a bus.

我是坐公共汽车去的那儿。

2. with表示“用某种工具”。

如:

He broke the window with a stone.

他用石头把玻璃砸坏了。

注意:

with表示用某种工具时,必须用冠词或物主代词。

3. on表示“以……方式”,多用于固定词组。

如：

They talked on the telephone.

他们通过电话进行交谈。

She learns English on the radio/on TV.

她通过收音机/电视学英语。

5表示关于的介词：of , about，on

1. of仅是提到或谈到过某人或某事。

如:

He spoke of the film the other day.

他前几天提到了这部影片。

He thought about this matter yesterday.

他昨天考虑了这件事。

2. about指“关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情况。

如:

Can you tell me something about yourself?

你能告诉我一些关于你自己的事情吗?

3. on指“关于”学术性的或严肃的事。

如:

It’s a textbook on the history of china.

它是一本有关中国历史的教科书。

6表原因或理由的介词：for, at，from，of, with, by，because of

1. for表示原因,常与sorry, famous, punish, praise, thank, blame等词连用。

如:

I am sorry for what I said to you.

我后悔不该对你讲那些话。

2. at指情感变化的原因,意为“因听到或看到而……”。

如:

He was surprised at the news.

听到这消息他大吃一惊。

3. from指“外在的原因”,如受伤、车祸等。

如:

He died from the wound.

他因受伤而致死。

4. of指“内在的原因”,如病、饿等。

如:

The old man died of hunger.

老人死于饥饿。

5. with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因。

如:

Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.

他们听到这个消息,欣喜若狂。

He was shaking with anger.

他气得浑身发抖。

6. by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。

如：

Her body was bent by age.

他因年老背弯了。

She took your umbrella by mistake.

我因弄错拿了你的雨伞。

7. because of 表示引起结果的直接原因。

如:

He retired last month because of illness/because he ill.

他上个月因病退休了!

8. owing to多表示引起某不良后果的原因。

如:

Owing to the rain they could not come.

由于下雨他们没来。

9. thanks to表示引起某种幸运结果的原因,常译为“幸亏……,多亏……”。

如:

Thanks to John, we won the game.

多亏约翰,我们才赢了这场比赛。

10. out of表示动机的起因,常译为“出于……”。

如:

He asked the question out of curiosity.

他出于好奇才问了那个问题。

11. through多表示因局部而影响全局的原因。

如:

The war was lost through bad organization.

战争因组织不周而失败了。

篇4：初中英语介词的用法

1. 在…的前面

in front of (范围外的前面)

in the front of (在范围内的前面)

There is a river ________ my house.

我家前面有一条河。

There is a blackboard ___ our classroom .

教室前面有一块黑板。

2.在树上

on the tree 强调树上长出的东西 (苹果，橘子)

in the tree 外来物体(人，鸟，风筝)

There are some birds _____ the tree.

树上有一些鸟。

There are some apples _______ the tree.

树上有一些苹果。

3.时间表达：

in + 某月 / 某季节 / 某年 (时间长)

on + 某天 (中)

at + 具体几点几分 (短)

固定短语： in the morning / afternoon / evening

at night, at noon

练习： __January , __ summer, ___

______ Sunday, ___ March 4th, ___ March

___ _ Sunday morning,_____ the morning

_______ the morning of June 5th

_______ 6:30, ____ night, __ noon

4.在墙上

on the wall

在墙壁表面 (相片photo，图画picture)

in the wall

在墙壁的里面 (门door, 窗户window )

(1)There is a photo of my family

_______ the wall.

(2)There are two doors ______ the wall.

5. 在…之上

on：在…的表面之上(物体之间有接触)

over: 在…的正上方(物体没有接触)

above 高于......;

在......之上”，多指在相对较高位置

(1)There is a book ______ the desk.

书桌上有一本书。

(2)There is a bridge ______ the river.

河上有一座桥。

(3)The plane flies ______the clouds(云).

飞机在云层上飞行。

6.地点表达法

(1)in 后接较大的地方

如： in Beijing, in China.

(2)at 后接较小的地方

如： at the railway station, at the bus stop

(3)on 常用于一些习惯用语

on a farm 在农场 on the earth 在地球上

on earth 究竟

at home, at school, at the back of ,

at the back of the classroom

At the end of the street,

at the second crossing

过关练习

1.There is a bank ____ the school and

there is a big desk _____the classroom.

A. in front of , in the front of

B. in the front of, in front of

2. There are some pictures _____ the wall and ______ two windows _____ the wall.

A. in, on B. on, in

3. I can see some birds ______ the tree. Look ,there are some apples ____ the apple tree.

A. on, in B. in , on

4. ---When were you born?

--- I was born _____ April.

A. in B. on C. At

5. Tom was born ______ April 5th.

A. in B. on C. At

6. I usually get up _____10 :00 ____ Sunday.

A. at, in B. at, on C. in, on

7. I arrived (到达) ___ Beijing

yesterday(昨天).

A. on B. in C. at

8.she arrived ____the railway station

just now(刚才).

A. on B. in C. at

9.There is a computer ____ the desk.

A. above B. on C. over

10.There is a bridge _____ the river(河).

A. above B. on C. over

本节回顾

1. 在…的前面

in front of (范围外的前面)

in the front of (在范围内的前面)

2.在树上

on the tree 强调树上长出的东西 (苹果，橘子)

in the tree 外来物体(人，鸟，风筝)

3.时间表达：

in + 某月 / 某季节 / 某年 (时间长)

on + 某天 (中)

at + 具体几点几分 (短)

4.在墙上

on the wall

在墙壁表面 (相片photo，图画picture)

in the wall

在墙壁的里面 (门door, 窗户window )

5. 在…之上

on：在…的表面之上(物体之间有接触)

over: 在…的正上方(物体没有接触)

above 高于......;在......之上”，

多指在相对较高位置

6.地点表达法

(1)In 后接较大的地方

如： in Beijing, in China.

(2)at 后接较小的地方

如： at the railway station, at the bus stop

(3)on 常用于一些习惯用语

最常见的介词错误用法

1) arrive at 还是 arrive in

*When we arrived to Claudio’s house…

at通常用在具体的地点前：school学校、restaurant餐厅、airport机场、aunt’s house阿姨的家;而in通常用在城市或国家前面。

✓ When we arrived at Claudio’s house…

我们到达克劳迪奥的家……

✓ The train arrived at Shibuya station thirty seconds late.

火车延迟30秒到达涩谷车站。

✓ On Friday, the president arrived in Poland.

总统于周五到达波兰。

✓ The K-pop band arrived in Phnom Penh last week.

韩国流行乐队上周到达金边。

2) at night

*We often go out in the night.

in可以用在in the morning, in the afternoon, 和in the evening里，但是night前面需要用at。

✓ We often go out at night.

我们经常在夜晚出门。

✓ Krakow is beautiful at night.

夜晚的克拉科夫很美。

3) look for 还是 wait for

*I was looking my glasses.

*Giulia was waiting me at the bus stop.

如果你想表达寻找，那么用look for或者search for;如果你想表达等待，那么用wait for。

✓ I was looking for my glasses.

我在寻找我的眼镜。

✓ Tomis looking for a new job.

汤姆正在寻找一份新工作。

✓Giulia was waiting for me at the bus stop.

茱莉亚正在车站等着我。

✓Lucy is waiting for her sister to finish class.

露西正在等她的妹妹放学。

4) for [period of time]

*I’ve been working here since five years

for用在一段时间前面，比如：a few minutes/three months/twenty years。

since和具体的时间点连用，比如：this morning/September/the day we met。

✓I’ve been working here for five years.

我已经在这里工作五年了。

✓She hasn’t drunk coffee for years.

她好多年不喝咖啡了。

✓She’s been living in Yokohama since February.

她从二月起一直住在横滨。

✓I haven’t seen her since yesterday morning.

昨天早上之后，我就没再见到她。

5) in [months and years]

*It’s my birthday on July!

in总是和年份或月份连用。

✓It’s my birthday in July!

我的生日在7月。

✓Ola was born in .

欧拉出生在。

6) live/work/study in [cities and countries]

*I live at Tokyo.

在某个城市或国家居住、工作或学习用in，但住在某个具体的地址则用at，比如在一个特定的机构工作，或者是在某所大学学习。

✓I live in Tokyo.

我住在东京。

✓Roberta works in Sassari.

罗伯塔在萨萨里工作。

✓Hector studies in Canada.

赫克托尔在加拿大学习。

✓Ania lives at No.34, Green Street.

艾尼雅住在格林大街34号。

✓Ryosuke works for Toyota.

凉介在丰田工作。

✓Dara studies at Phnom Penh International University.

达拉在金边国际大学读书。

7) on [days and dates]

*It’s my birthday in Saturday!

on和具体的星期几或日期连用：

✓It’s my birthday on Saturday!

我的生日在周六!

✓It’s my birthday on May 1st. (But remember: It’s my birthday in May.)我的生日在五月一号。(但是要记住：我的生日在五月用 in。)

8) it depends on

*It depends of what you want: Italian food or Chinese food.

depend后面如果要加某人或某物，一定要和on连用，不然只能说it depends。

✓It depends on what you want: Italian food or Chinese food.

这取决于你想吃什么：意大利菜还是中国菜。

✓We’ll go to either Disney World or the beach, depending on the weather.

我们要去迪士尼乐园或海滩，这要看天气。

✓What do you usually have for breakfast – tea or coffee? – It depends!

你早餐通常喝什么——茶还是咖啡?—看情况。

9) welcome to

*Welcome in Peru!

欢迎到某地用welcome to+地点，比如：a house/school/organization/city/country。

✓Welcome to Peru!

欢迎来秘鲁!

✓Welcome to Cagliari.

欢迎来卡利亚里。

✓Welcome to Meiji University.

欢迎来明治大学。

✓Welcome to the Plaza Hotel. We hope you enjoy your stay.

欢迎来广场饭店，我们希望你在此过得愉快。

10) married to

*He’s married with Kim.

与某人结婚要用married to或者get married to，也可以说marry sb.。

✓He’s married to Kim.

他和金结婚了。

✓John’s getting married to Sara next summer.

约翰明年夏天要和萨拉结婚。

✓Kate is marrying my old school friend.

凯特要和我的一个老校友结婚了。

篇5：初中英语常用介词短语

at 短语

be angry at sth. 对某事生气

arrive at 到达……(小地方)

knock at/on 敲……

at last 最后，终于

laugh at 嘲笑

look at 看，注视

at the moment 现在，此时

point at/to 指向

at times 不时

after 短语

look after 照看，照顾

name after 以……的名字命名

run after 追赶;追求

on 短语

agree on (通过协商)达成共识

call on 拜访，看望

come on 快点儿;加油

on display 在展出

hang on 稍等，别挂断

on holiday 度假，休假

play a joke on 和……开玩笑，戏弄……

keep on 继续

live on 以……为食，靠……生活

put on 穿上;戴上

turn on 打开，旋开(收音机、电灯、煤气等)

work on 从事于，致力于

to 短语

agree to 同意，答应，接受(计划、建议、条件、安排等)

go to bed 上床睡觉

compare...to... 把……与……作比较

from...to... 从……到……

get to 到达

do harm to 对……有害处

lead to 通往;导致

pay attention to 注意

to one’ssurprise 使某人吃惊的是

take...to... 把……带到/给……

write to... 写信给……

in 短语

arrive in 到达……(大地方)

in danger 在危险中

drop in 顺便拜访

hand in 交上，上交

join in 参加

in a moment 马上，立即

take part in 参加

take pride in 以……为荣

in surprise 吃惊地，惊讶地

of 短语

be afraid of 害怕

take care of 照顾;处理

make fun of 嘲笑……

instead of 代替;而不是

hear of 听说……

speak of 谈到，提起

think of考虑;想出;认为

about 短语

care about 担心;关心

be worried about 担心

think about 考虑

for 短语

call for 需要，要求;提倡，号召

care for 关怀，照顾

except for 除了……之外

fight for 为……而战

leave for... 前往……，去……

look for 寻找

for a moment 一会儿

pay for sth. 为……付款

send for 派人去请

away 短语

give away 分发;赠送

put away 收好，放好

take away 拿走，带走

throw away 扔掉

out 短语

break out (火灾、战争等)突然发生，爆发

out of breath 上气不接下气

find out 发现

give out 分发

go out 出去

make out 理解，明白

point out 指出

run out 用完

sell out 卖完

send out 发出

set out 动身，出发;开始，着手

take out 取出，拿出

turn out 证明是，结果是

work out 算出;解决

with 短语

agree with sb. 同意某人

be angry with sb. 生某人的气

keep up with 赶上

catch up with 赶上,追上

come up with 提出，想出

be covered with 被……覆盖

deal with 处理;对待

be filled with 充满......

make friends with sb. 与某人交朋友

get along/on (well) with sb. 与某人相处(融洽)

help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事

over 短语

come over 顺便来访

fall over 跌倒

go over 复习，温习;检查

look over 检查

think over 仔细考虑

turn over 把……翻过来;移交，转交

down 短语

break down 损坏;中断

cut down 砍倒;削减，压缩

get down 下来

go down 下落，下降

pull down 拆毁

put down 放下;写下

set down 放下;记下

shut down 把……关上，关闭

take down 记下，拆卸

turn down 关小，调低

write down 写下，记下

from 短语

across from... 在......的对面

break away from... 脱离......

be different from... 与......不同

hear from... 收到......的来信

learn from... 向......学习

tell...from... 区分/辨别......和......

up 短语

bring up 提出，呕吐，养育，教育

call up 打电话;想起

cheer up 使……振奋

fill up 填满，装满

fix up 修理：安装

go up 上升，上涨

grow up 长大(成人)

hurry up 赶快，赶紧

look up 查阅，查找;向上看

make up one’s mind 决定，决心

pick up (sb.) 拾起;搭载/接载(某人)

put up 举起，挂起：张贴：搭建

save up 存钱，积蓄

set up 创立，建立

show up 出席，露面

sit up 坐起来

stay up 不睡，熬夜

shut up 住嘴

speak up 大声说

think up 想出

tidy up 整理

turn up 开大，调大(音量)

off 短语

fall off 从……跌落

get off 下车

give off 发出(光、热、气味等)

hurry off 匆匆离去

put off 推迟

see sb. off 为某人送行

set off 出发，启程

show off 显示;夸耀

take off 脱下

turn off 关掉(收音机、电灯、煤气等)

篇6：初中英语常用介词短语

与away相关短语

give away 分发;赠送

put away 收好，放好

take away 拿走，带走

throw away 扔掉

与out相关短语

break out (火灾、战争等)突然发生，爆发

out of breath 上气不接下气

find out 发现

give out 分发

go out 出去

make out 理解，明白

point out 指出

run out 用完

sell out 卖完

send out 发出

set out 动身，出发;开始，着手

take out 取出，拿出

turn out 证明是，结果是

work out 算出;解决

与with相关短语

agree with sb. 同意某人

be angry with sb. 生某人的气

keep up with 赶上

catch up with 赶上,追上

come up with 提出，想出

be covered with 被……覆盖

deal with 处理;对待

be filled with 充满......

make friends with sb. 与某人交朋友

get along/on (well) with sb. 与某人相处(融洽)

help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事

与over相关短语

come over 顺便来访

fall over 跌倒

go over 复习，温习;检查

look over 检查

think over 仔细考虑

turn over 把……翻过来;移交，转交

与down相关短语

break down 损坏;中断

cut down 砍倒;削减，压缩

get down 下来

go down 下落，下降

pull down 拆毁

put down 放下;写下

set down 放下;记下

shut down 把……关上，关闭

take down 记下，拆卸

turn down 关小，调低

write down 写下，记下

与from相关短语

across from... 在......的对面

break away from... 脱离......

be different from... 与......不同

hear from... 收到......的来信

learn from... 向......学习

tell...from... 区分/辨别......和......

与up相关短语

bring up 提出，呕吐，养育，教育

call up 打电话;想起

cheer up 使……振奋

fill up 填满，装满

fix up 修理：安装

go up 上升，上涨

grow up 长大(成人)

hurry up 赶快，赶紧

look up 查阅，查找;向上看

make up one’s mind 决定，决心

pick up (sb.) 拾起;搭载/接载(某人)

put up 举起，挂起：张贴：搭建

save up 存钱，积蓄

set up 创立，建立

show up 出席，露面

sit up 坐起来

stay up 不睡，熬夜

shut up 住嘴

speak up 大声说

think up 想出

tidy up 整理

turn up 开大，调大(音量)

与off相关短语

fall off 从……跌落

get off 下车

give off 发出(光、热、气味等)

hurry off 匆匆离去

put off 推迟

see sb. off 为某人送行

set off 出发，启程

show off 显示;夸耀

take off 脱下

turn off 关掉(收音机、电灯、煤气等)

篇7：by介词用法总结

一、by+地点名词。表方位，意为：“在…旁边”。

例句：

Our teacher was sitting by the window.

我们的老师正坐在窗户旁边。

二、by+时间名词。意为：“到…时(已发生某事)，此时谓语多用完成时;最晚、不迟于…，在…之前”。

例句：

I shall be back by 5 o’clock.

我最迟五点回来。

三、by+v.-ing结构。意为“通过……，以……的`方式”。

例句：

Our bodies are strengthened by taking exercise. Similarly,our minds are developed by learning.

身体是靠锻炼强壮的，同样，大脑是靠学习开发的。

四、by+人称代词宾格，意为“经过”。

例句：

He walked by me without saying a word.

他走过我的身旁，没有说话。

五、by+人，意为“被;由”。

例句：

The movie is loved by people all over Asia.

那个电影被全亚洲人喜爱。

六、by+地点或工具等具体名词。表路线、途径，意为：“通过(某物、某地)，取道…”。

例句：

The man entered the room by the back door.

那人通过后门进入了房间。

七、by的常用短语

Study by heart 用心学

little by little 渐渐地

one by one 逐一

by chance 碰巧，偶然

by the river 在河边

by mistake 错误地

by nature 天生的

by oneself 亲自

篇8：雅思介词用法

早、午、晚要用in，at黎明、午夜、点与分。

年、月、年月、季节、周，阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。

将来时态in...以后，小处at大处in。

有形with无形by，语言、单位、材料in。

特征、方面与方式，心情成语惯用in。

介词at和to表方向，攻击、位置、恶、善分。

日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早、午、晚，

收音、农场、值日on，关于、基础、靠、著论。

着、罢、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付、相反，准。

特定时日和“一……就”，on后常接动名词。

年、月、日加早、午、晚，of之前on代in。

步行、驴、马、玩笑on，cab，carriage则用in。

at山脚、门口、在当前，速、温、日落、价、核心。

工具、和、同随with，具有、独立、就、原因。

就……来说宾译主，对、有、方状、表细分。

海、陆、空、车、偶、被by，单数、人类know to man。

this、that、tomorrow，yesterday，next、last、one。

接年、月、季、星期、周，介词省略已习惯。

over、under正上下，above、below则不然，

若与数量词连用，混合使用亦无关。‘

beyond超出、无、不能，against靠着，对与反。

besides，except分内外，among之内along沿。

同类比较except，加for异类记心间。

原状because of,、owing to、due to表语形容词

under后接修、建中，of、from物、化分。

before、after表一点, ago、later表一段。

before能接完成时，ago过去极有限。

since以来during间，since时态多变换。

与之相比beside，除了last but one。

复不定for、找、价、原，对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。

快到、对、向towards，工、学、军、城、北、上、南。

but for否定用虚拟，复合介词待后言。

ing型由于鉴，除了除外与包合。

之后、关于、在......方面，有关介词须记全。

in内to外表位置，山、水、国界to在前。

如大体掌握如上介调用法口诀，就不易出错。当然，至于介词的详尽用法，同形词又是连词及副词等内容此章不讲。下面对该口诀分别举例帮助你理解消化。

早、午、晚要用in

例：in the morning 在早上

in the afternoon 在下午

in the evening 在晚上

in the day 在白天

at黎明、午、夜、点与分

例: at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明时候

at noon 在中午

at night 在夜间

at midnight 在午夜

以上短语都不用冠词

at six o'clock 在6点钟

at 7：30 (seven thirty) 在7点半

at half past eleven 在11点半

at nine fifteen 在9点15分

at ten thirty a.m. 在上午10点30分

也可以写成

seven to five 5点差7分(半小时以上)

five minutes after two 2点过5分

at a quarter to two 1点45分

at the weekend 在周末

年、月、年月、季节、周

即在“来年”，在“某月”，在“某年某月” (但在某年某月某

日则用on)，在四季，在第几周等都要用in。

例；in 1986 在1986年

in 1927 在1927年

in april 在四月

in march 在三月

in december 1986 1986年12月

in july l983 1983年7月

in spring 在春季 in summer 在夏季

in autumn 在秋季 in winter 在冬季

in the fist week of this semester 这学期的第一周

in the third week 在第三周

阳光、灯、影、衣、冒 in，

即在阳光下，在灯下，在树阴下，穿衣、着装、冒雨等都要用in。

例：don't read in dim light. 切勿在暗淡的灯光下看书。

they are reviewing their lessons in the bright light. 他们在明亮的灯光下复习功课。

they are sitting in the shade of a tree. 他们坐在树阴下乘凉。

a prisoner in irons 带着镣铐的囚犯

he went in the rain to meet me at the station. 他冒雨到车站去接我。

the poor dressed (clothed) in rags in old society. 旧社会穷人们衣衫褴褛．

以及：in the bright sunlight 在明亮的阳光下

a merchant in disguise 乔装的商人

the woman in white (black, red, yellow) 穿着白(黑、红、黄)色衣服的妇女

in uniform 穿着制服

in mourning 穿着丧服

in brown shoes 穿着棕色鞋

in his shirt sleeves 穿着衬衫

将来时态in...以后

例: they will come back in 10 days. 他们将10天以后回来。

i'll come round in a day or two. 我一两天就回来。

we'll be back in no time. 我们一会儿就回来。

come and see me in two days' time. 两天后来看我。(从现在开始)

after... (从过去开始)

小处at大处in

例：li and i arrived at heishan county safe and sound, all is well. don't worry. 李和我平安地到达黑山县，一切很好，勿念。

i live in a great city (big city), my sister lives at a small town while my parents live at a village. 我住在大城市，我姐姐住在一个小城镇，而我的父母则住在农村。

i'm in liaoning, at anshan. 我住在辽宁省鞍山市．

有形with无形by，语言、单位、材料in

例：the workers are paving a road with stone. 工人们正用石子铺路。(有形)

the teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen. 这位教师正用一支新笔批改论文。(有形)

”taking tiger mountain by strategy“ is a good opera. <<智取威虎山>>是—出好戏。(无形)

the product is separated by distilation into gasoline and gas oil. 这种产品是用蒸馏分离出气油和粗柴油。 (表示方式、手段、方法——无形)

i really can't express my idea in english freely in-deed．我确实不能用英语流利地表达我的思想。 (表示某种语言用in)

i wrote a novel in russian. 我用俄语写了一本小说。(同上)

the kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system．公里是米制中最长的长度单位。 (表示度、量、衡单位的用in )

the length is measured in meter, kilometre, and centimetre. 长度是以米、公里、厘米为单位来计算的。(同上)

this board was cast in bronze not in gold. 这个牌匾是铜铸的，不是金铸的。

特征、方面与方式、心情、成语惯用in

特征或状态：

例: the democratic party was then in power. 那时民主党执政。

they found the patient in a coma. 他们发现病人处于昏迷状态。

he has not been in good health for some years. 他几年来身体一直不好。

many who came in despair went away in hope. 许多人带着绝望情绪而来，却满怀希望而去。

the house was in ruins. 这房屋成了废墟。

the poor girl was in tears. 这个贫苦女孩泪流满面。

her clothes were in rags. 她的衣跟穿破了。

his shoes were in holes. 他的鞋穿出窟窿了。

i only said it in fun. 我说这话只是开玩笑的。

she spoke in grief rather than in anger. 与其说她讲得很气愤，不如说她讲得很伤心。

还有一些短语也用in，如：

in jest 诙谐地，in joke 开玩笑地，in spite 恶意地， in fairness 公正地，in revenge 报复, in mercy 宽大，in sorrow 伤心地等。

his mind was in great confusion. 他脑子里很乱。

today everybody is in high spirits and no one is in low ebb. 今天大家都兴高采烈，没有一个情绪低落的。

she and her classmates are in flower ages. 她和她的同学都正值妙龄。

the compaign was in full swing. 运动正值高潮中。

方面：

例：we accepted the item in principle. 我们在原则上接受了这个条款。

they are never backward in giving their views. 他们从来不怕发表自己的意见。

the backward area has achieved self-sufficient in grain. 这个落后的地区在粮食方面已能自给。

a good teacher must be an example in study. 一个好的教师必须是学习的模范。

方式：

例：all the speeches were taken down in shorthand. 所有报告都用速记记录下来了。

the party has always educated us in the spirit of patriotism and internationalism. 党一贯以爱国主义和国际主义精神教育我们。

如下成语惯用in

例如： in all 总计

in advance 事前

in the meantime 与此同时

in place 适当地

in hopes of(或in the hope of) 怀着.......希望

in connection with 和……有关

in contact with 和……联系

in addition to 除......以外

in case of 倘若，万一

in conflict with 和......冲突

in force 有效的，大批

in depth 彻底地

in regard to 关于

in the neighborhood of 大约、邻近

in retrospect 回顾，一想起

in behalf of 代表......利益

in the least 一点，丝毫

in alarm 惊慌、担心

in the opinion of 据……见解

in the long run 从长远说来

in one's opinion 在……看来

in word 口头上

in a word 总之

in vain 无益地, 白白地

in case 如果，万一，以防

in detail 详细地

in haste 急急忙忙地

in conclusion 总之

in spite of 尽管

in other words... 换句话说

in return 作为回报

in the name of 以......名义

be confident in 对......有信心

be interested in 对......感兴趣

in doubt 怀疑

in love 恋爱中

in debt 负债

in fun (jest、joke) 玩笑地

in hesitation 犹豫不决

in wonder 在惊奇中

in public (secret) 公开他(秘密地)

in a good humour 心情(情绪)好

“介词at、to表方向，攻击、位置、善、恶、分”。

介词at和to都可以表示方向; 用at表示方向时，侧重于攻击的目标，往往表示恶意；用to表示方向时，突出运动的位置或动作的对象，侧重表示善意。试比较下列各句：

1. a．she came at me. 她向我扑过来。

b．she came to me. 她向我走过来。

2．a．jake ran at john. 杰克向约翰扑过去。

b．jake ran to john. 杰克朝约翰跑去。

3．a. he rushed at the woman with a sword. 他拿着剑向那妇女扑过去。

b. he rushed to the woman with a sword. 他带着剑向那妇女跑过去。

4．a．he shouted at the old man. 他大声喝斥那老人。

b. he shouted to the old man. 他大声向那老人说

5．a．i heard her muttering at xiao li. 我听见她在抱怨小李。

b．i heard her muttering to xiao li. 我听见她在同小李低声说话。

6．a. she talked at you just now. 她刚才还说你坏话呢。

b．she talked to you just now. 她刚才还同你谈话呢.

7．a．she threw a bone at the dog. 她用一块骨头砸狗。

b．she threw a bone to the dog. 她把一块骨头扔给狗吃。

8．a．he presented a pistol at me. 他用手枪对着我。

b．he presented a pistol to me. 他赠送我一支手枪。

日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早午晚; 以下皆用on。

例: on octorber the first 1949 1949年10月1日

on february the thirteenth l893 1893年2月13日

on may the first 5月1日

on the first 1号

on the sixteenth 16号

on the second of january 或 on january the second 1月2日

on a summer evening 在夏天的一个夜晚

on boxing day 在节礼日(圣诞节次日)

on new year's day 在元旦

on my birthday 在我的生日

但 in the christmas holidays在圣诞节假期; in the eighteenth century 在十八世纪; in ancient times 在古代; in earlier times 在早期; in modern times 在现代，则用in，the present time 现在，at the present day当今则用at。

on may day 在“五·一”节

on winter day 在冬天

on decenber 12th 1950 l950年12月12日

on sunday 在星期天

on monday 在星期一

on tuesday morning 星期二早晨

on saturday afternoon 星期六下午

on friday evening 星期五晚上

但last night 昨夜；in the evening 在晚上; on time准时，in time及时，等则不同。

年月日，加早午晚，of之前on代in

例： on the morning of 18th 18日早晨

on the evening of 4th 4日晚上

on the eve of their departure they gave a farewell banquet and their head gave a garewell speech. 他们在临行前夕举行了一次告别宴会，他们的团长发表了告别讲话。

收音、农场，值日on

例：did your supervisor like the story over (or on) the radio last night?

您的导师喜欢昨天从收音机里听到的故事吗?

i heard the news over (or on) the radio. 我从收音机里听到了这一条消息。

talk over the radio 由无线电播音

on tv 从电视里......

hear something on the wireless 在无线电里听到

my brother works on an army reclamation farm. 我哥哥在一个军垦农场工作。

the students are working on a school farm. 学生们正在校办农场劳动。

this is a farmer's house on a farm. 这是农场的农舍。

who is on duty, tody? 今天谁值日?

we go on duty at 8 a.m. 我们上午8点钟上班。

关于、基础、靠、著论

例: this afternoon we are going to listen to a report on the international situation. 今天下午我们要听关于国际形势的报告。

professor shen will give us a talk on travelling in america. 申教授将给我们做关于美国之行的报告。

you are wrong on all these issues. 在这些问题上你的看法都错了。

the belief is based on practical experience. 这种信念是以实际经验为基础的。

theory must be based on practice. 理论必须以实践为基础。

the people in the south live on rice. 南方人主食大米。(靠)

the citizens live on their salaries. 城市人靠薪金生活。

you can't afford luxuries, on an income of 100 yuan a month．靠月薪100元的收入，你是买不起奢侈品的。

her pet dogs were fed on the choicest food．她用精饲料喂养她心爱的狗。

he is just a scrounger, who lives on other people. 他正是一个小偷，专靠损害别人过日子。

keep the kettle on the boil (=boiling). 让水壶的水一直开着。

the enemy are on the run (=running). 敌人在逃跑。

on后接the加上一个作名词的动词．其意义与现在分词所表达的相近。类似例子很多如：

on the march在行军中，on the mend 在好转中，on the prowl徘徊，on the move活动中，on the scrounge巧取豪夺(埋语)，on the go活跃，忙碌，on the lookout注意, 警戒，on the watch监视着。on the hop趁不备抓住某人等等。

on the people's democratic dictatorship<<实践论>>和<<矛盾论>>

on the people's democratic dictatorship<<论人民民主专政>>

”on coalition government“ <<论联合政府>>

着、罢、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付，相反、准

注：口诀中的“着”是指着火，罢指罢工，偷指偷偷地，公指出差、办公事；假指休假，准指准时。

例：the house next to mine was on fire. 我邻居的房子着火了。

the workers of the railway station were on strike. 铁路工人罢工了。

grapes and big water melons from sinkiang are on sale on a large sale. 新疆葡萄和西瓜大量上市了。

do something on the sly (quiet). 秘密地(暗地里，偷偷地)做某事。

i've come here on business. 我是有公事来的。

they went to bern on a mission. 他们到伯尔尼去执行一项使命。

they has been away on a long trip. 他们出去做一次长途旅行。