以下是小编为大家准备的定语从句：介词语法，本文共8篇，希望对大家有帮助。本文原稿由网友“木鱼”提供。
篇1：定语从句：介词语法
介词
1. 合成介词和复杂介词
1) 合成介词:inside,into, onto, out of, outside, throughout, upon within, without
2) 复杂介词:accordingto, along with, apart from, as for, as to, because of, by means of, in frontof, in spite of, instead of, inaccordance with, on account of, on behalf of, owing to, due to, together with,up to, with regard to, prior to等
2. 介词在句末:
This is what he is interested in.
Does everyone has a seat to sit on?
3. 名词加介词 ( n + prep)
1) 某些名词之后要求用某些介词:solution to, faith in, glance at, need for
2) 某些名词之前要求用某些介词:onone’s guard, at one’s request, in all probability, to mydelight
4. 动词加介词
1) Vi + prep:prevail on, appeal to, fallinto, apply for, touch upon
2) Vt + O + prep:lay emphasis on, takeadvantage of等
3) Vi + adv + prep:
I don’t wish to break in on yourthoughts.
The family came up against freshproblems.
You’re not telling me the whole story.You’re holding out on me.
She got off with him soon after she beganto work at the institution.
4) Vt + O + adv +prep:
You shouldn’t take your resentment out onme.
We shouldn’t put the shortage down to badplanning.
5. 形容词加介词
about---anxious, careful, careless,certain, considerate, enthusiastic, guilty, happy, mad, particular, sad, sure,timid, unhappy, etc
at---awkward, bad, clever,disappointed, disgusted, good, marvellous, quick, skilful, skilled, useless,weak, etc
for---convenient, eligible, grateful,homesick, hungry, necessary, noted, perfect, responsible, etc from --- evident,exempt, inseparable, safe, tired, etc
in---deficient, expert, liberal, quick,rich, successful, weak, etc
of---apprehensive, characteristic,critical, destructive, envious, hard, inconsiderate, impatient, dependent,jealous, positive, scared, sensible, short, sick, suspicious, typical, worthy,etc
on---dependent, keen, intent, etc
to---acceptable, accessible, agreeable,alive, attentive, blind, comparable, courteous, deaf, destructive, essential,favourable, hostile, indifferent, married, obedient, parallel, preferable,related, responsible, sensitive, suitable, unjust, etc
with---awkward, bored, careful,disappointed, generous, identical, ill, impatient, popular, sick, wrong, etc
篇2：定语从句：介词语法
1. 限制和非限制性定语从句:限制性定语从句是名词词组不可缺少的一个组成部分, 去掉了会造成病句或意义不明确; 非限制性定语从句属于补充说明性质, 去掉了不会影响主要意义, 通常用逗号与它的先行词分开.
The boys who wanted to play football were disappointed when it rained.
The boys, who wanted to play football, were disappointed when it rained.
如果定语从句的先行词是专有名词, 或是带有形容词性物主代词(my, his, etc)或形容词性指示代词(this, that, etc)作限定词, 其后的定语从句通常都是非限制性的: Mary Smith, who is in the corner, wants to meet you.
Her mother, who had long suffered form arthritis, died last night.
All these books, which have been donated by visiting professors, are to be used by the postgraduates.
在非限制性定语从句中只能用who/whom指人, 用which指物,通常不用that替代.
My father, who had been on a visit to America, returned yesterday.
All the books, which had pictures in them, were sent to the little girl.
2. 定语从句的引导词
1) that, who, whom: 非限制性定语从句, 如果修饰人, 一般用who,有时用that (作主语时用who较多). 如果关系代词在从句中作宾语, 就应当用宾格 whom 或that,但在大多数情况下都可以省略掉, 在口语中可用who代替whom.
Here is the man (whom) you’ve been looking for.
He is a man (that) you can safely depend on.
The people (who/that) you were talking to were Swedes.
There are some people here who I want you to meet.
但在介词后只能用whom:
This is the man to whom I referred.
但在口语中一般都把介词放到句子后面去, 这时可用that, 但省略时更多一些.
Have you met the person about whom he was speaking?
Have you met the person (that) he was speaking about
The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.
The girl (who/that) I spoke to is my cousin.
2) 限制性定语从句如果修饰“物”, 用关系代词that的时候较多, 也有时用which..当这个代词在从句中是用作宾语时, 在绝大多数情况下都是省略的, 特别是口语中(尤其是当被修饰的词是all, everything等词时):
Have you everything you need?
(Is there) anything I can do for you?
All you have to do is to press the button.
在介词后只能用which, 在口语中一般都把介词放到从句后部去, 这时可以用that, 但省略的时候更多一些:
The tool with which he is working is called a wrench.
The tool (that) he is working with is called a wrench.
This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion.
This is the question (that) we’ve had so much discussion about.
定语从句一般是修饰名词或代词的, 但间或也可以修饰整个句子a), 或是句子的`一部分b), 引导词用which:
a) They have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them.
The activity was postponed, which was exactly what we wanted
b) When deeply absorbed in work, which he often was, he would forget all about eating and sleeping.
She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.
3) whose: 在表示“．．．的”这个概念时, 可用所有格 whose; whose 用于指物, 有时可与of which交替使用, 通常的词序是 名词词组 + of which:
Is there anyone in your class whose family is in the northeast?
We had a meeting whose purpose was completely unclear. (…the purpose of which was…) He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. (…whose name I’ve…)
of which前的名词词组也可以由some, any, none, all, both, several, enough, many, most, few以及基数词担任; 这些词也能用在of whom之前.
The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.
It’s a family of eight children, all of whom are studying music.
4) 关系副词 when, where, why: 它们的含义相当于 at which, in which, for which, 因此它们之间有交替使用的可能.
The day when he was born…
on which he was born…
which he was born on…
The office where he works…
at which he works…
which he works at…
有时可用that替代关系副词, 在口语中that可省略.
Every time (that) the telephone rings, he gets nervous.
This was the first time I had serious trouble with my boss.
Do you know anywhere (that) I can get a drink?
This is the place (where) we met yesterday.
That is the reason (why) he did it.
在the way 后也可用that 替代in which, 在口语中that也可省略.
This is the way (that/in which) he did it.
That’s the way I look at it.
3. 如果定语从句中谓语为there is, 作主语的关系代词也常可省掉:
I must make full use of the time there is left to me and do as much as I can for the people.
This is the fastest train (that) there is to Nanjing.
4. 定语从句的简化:定语从句与不定式结构, -ing分词结构, -ed分词结构以及无动词分句等有着转换关系.
He was the only one to realize the danger (= who realized the danger).
The woman driving the car (= who was driving the car) indicated that she was going to turn left. The man injured by the bullet (= who was injured by the bullet) was taken to hospital.
All the women present (= who were present) looked up in alarm.
篇3：定语从句语法总结
一．几个基本概念1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词（名词或代词）之后。
4.引导词：引导定语从句的词（包括关系代词和关系副词）。
（1）关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as
（2）关系副词：when/where/why
5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前（先行词之后）。【as除外】
6.引导词的功能（作用）：
（1）连接先行词和定语从句。
（2）在定语从句中充当一定的成分（关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语）。
7.定语从句的类型：
（1）限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间无逗号）。
① 直接由引导词引导定语从句
The man who you’re talking to is my friend.
② 由介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导
The man to whom you’re talking is my friend.
I need a pen with which I can write a letter.
=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.
介词的`选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如：
The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.
=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.
The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.
=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.
（2）非限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开）。
① 直接由引导词引导定语从句。
② 由介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导。
I live in a house far away from the city, in front of which is a big tree.
There is an apple tree standing at the gate, on which are many apples.
This is the man to whom I gave the book.
③ 由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指
人用whom,指物用which)引导。One, some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。
He has five children, two of whom are abroad.
(比较：He has five children, and two of them are abroad.)
We have three books, none of which is/are interesting.
(比较：We have three books, but none of them is/are interesting.)
除why和that不能引导非限定性定语从句外，其余引导词都可以，用法同限定性定语从句一样。但要注意以下区别。
1.在形式上非限定性定语从句与主句有逗号隔开。
2.非限定性定语从句的作用：它只是补充说明先行词的情况，翻译时可译成两个句子。
The engineer, whose leg was badly hurt, was quickly sent to hospital.
（那位工程师被很快送往医院，其腿部受了重伤）
The engineer whose leg was badly hurt was quickly sent to hospital.
（那位腿部受了重伤的工程师被很快送往医院）
3.在非限定性定语从句中，任何引导词都不能省略（包括引导词在此定语从句中充当宾语在内）。指人做主语时只能用who, 做宾语时用whom; [要学习网-中学生最喜欢的学习论坛；网址www.yaoxuexi.cn手机版地址wap.yaoxuexi.cn]
指物做主语，宾语都用which; 关系副词用when或where，也不能省略。
The man, ______ is sitting on the chair, is my father.
The woman, _______ I met yesterday, is my English teacher.
The city, _______ is far away, is very beautiful.
He went to America, ______ his parents live.
He joined the Army yesterday, ______ I left, too.
4.whose引导非限定性定语从句：
The house, whose window faces south, is mine.
=The house, the window of which faces south, is mine.
＝The house, of which the window faces south, is mine.
二.定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的基本用法
1.who/that指人是主格在定语从句中代替先行词，又作定语从句的主语，不能省略。
Do you know the gentleman who/that is sitting there?
2.whom/who/that指人是宾格，在定语从句中代替先行词，又作定语从句的宾语（动宾或介宾）。
① 当作动宾（动词后接宾语）时，关系代词可省略。
Do you know the gentleman (whom/who/that) we met just now?
② 当作介宾（介词后接宾语）时：
介词不提前时，关系代词可省略；
介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词＋whom(指人时介词后的关系代词只能用whom)。
The man (whom/who/that) I spoke with is my teacher.
The man with whom I spoke is my teacher.
※注：固定的动词短语（动词+介词）如look for, take care of等不能把动词与介词拆开，既介词不能提至引导词前。
She is the right girl (who/whom/that) we are looking for.
3.whose: 指人或物，是所有格“…的”形式。Whose+n.一起在定语从句中充当主语、宾语（动宾或介宾）即先行词的什么东西怎样了，whose不能省略。。Whose+n. = the +n. + of which/whom= of which/ whom+ the =n.
I didn’t find the desk whose leg was broken. （主语）
He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday. （动宾）
The boss in whose company I work is very kind. （介宾）
4.which/that 指物，指代先行词且在定语从句中作主语或宾语（动宾或介宾）。
① 当作动宾时，关系代词可省略。
② 当作介宾时：
介词不提前时，关系代词可省略；
介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词＋which(指物时介词后的关系代词只能用which)。
The house which/that was destroyed in the earthquake is weak.
The pen (which/that) you found yesterday is mine.
The games (that/which) the young men competed in were difficult.
The games in which the young men competed were difficult.
※注:介词+关系代词即介词+whom/which(先行词指人用whom，指物用which)。
※5.as指人或物，在定语从句中可作主语，宾语，表语或状语，不能省略。主要用于 “the same …as…；such …as…；so …as…；as … as…；as follows”固定结构中，形式固定此时的引导限定性定语从句。要用as代替who(m), which, 或that引导定语从句：
Such people as knew Hill thought he was honest.
Such people as Hill knew thought he was honest.
My hometown is no longer the same as it was.
Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.
The child knows as much as grow-ups (know).
I’d like to have the same books as are used in your school.
He is not such a person as I expected.
He will marry as pretty a girl as he can find.
篇4：考研语法定语从句详解
一、定语从句的构成：先行词(所修饰的名词)+关系代词/关系副词(从属连词)+从句
二、定语从句的类型：根据从属连词的不同可以将定语从句分为三种类型：关系代词引导的定语从句，关系副词引导的定语从句，和as/which引导的非限制性定语从句。
1. 关系代词引导的定语从句
在这一类从句中需要注意的是关系代词在句子中所起的作用。首先，关系代词连接主句和从句;其次关系代词指代所修饰的先行词;最后关系代词往往在从句中做主语或者宾语，且做主语时关系代词不能省略，做宾语时可以省略。
例1：He who laughs last laughs best. (笑到最后的人笑得最美。)
分析：who引导定语从句修饰主句的主语he，且在从句中做主语，不能省略。
例2：He is collecting authentic material which can prove his argument. (他正在收集确凿的证据以证明他的观点。)
分析：that引导定语从句修饰名词material，且在从句中做主语，不能省略。
例3：The house (which) we bought last month is very beautiful. (我们上周买的这套房子很漂亮。)
分析：which引导定语从句修饰名词house，且在从句中做宾语，可以省略。
例4：The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside. (妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你。)
分析：whose引导定语从句修饰表示人的名词the girl，且在从句中做主语，不可以省略。
2. 关系副词引导的定语从句
前三种关系副词在考研英语中出镜率比较高，最后一种不太常见，容易被考生忽略。关系副词在意义上常常相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。
例1：The commentator must know the value of silence and how to use it at those moments when the pictures speak for themselves. (播音员必须懂得沉默的价值，懂得在画面不需要解释说明的时刻如何利用沉默。)
分析：when引导定语从句修饰表示时间的名词moments，在从句中做时间状语。
例2：When the work is well done, a climate of accident-free operation is established where time lose due to injuries is kept at a minimum. (工作完成后，一种无事故操作的环境被建立起来，在这种环境中，由于伤害造成的时间损失被保持在最低水平。)
分析：where引导定语从句修饰表示场合的名词climate，在从句中做地点状语。
例3：Do you know the reason why there are heat losses in a steam engine? (你知道蒸汽机中存在热损耗的原因吗?)
分析：why引导定语从句修饰名词reason，在从句中做原因状语。
例4：Teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. (按照传统，教书是许多知识分子借以谋生的手段。)
3. as/which引导的非限制性定语从句
As/which引导的非限制性定语从句不仅可以修饰某个词语，而且可以修饰整个主句。而as引导的从句位置灵活，既可以位于句首，也可以位于句尾或者句中。且有些表达已经固定下来，如as is known to all 众所周知;as is often the case 情况往往如此。相比而言，which的位置就比较受限制，通常位于句末。
例1：Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry----William Shakespeare. (众所周知，艾文河畔的斯特拉特福镇，只有一种产业――威廉.莎士比亚。)
分析：as引导定语从句，使用了其固定表达。
例2：She is quite considerate and kind, which her younger sister never is. (她非常善良、体贴，而她妹妹却从不这样。)
分析：which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子。
篇5：语法讲座之定语从句
基本概念
（一）定义及相关术语
1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如：
The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man， “who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。
（二）关系代词引导的定语从句
1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。
Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。
Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。
2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。
Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。
Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。
The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。
The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。
注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。
The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.
3．Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。
Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。
The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。
He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 他喜欢外国作家写的书。
The house which is by the lake looks nice. 湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。
This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。
The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。
4．That 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。
The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。
Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？
The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind. 你介绍给我的那个人很友好。
The season that / which comes after spring is summer. 春天以后的季节是夏季。
Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia. 昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利亚的信。
5．Whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。
I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。
He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。
I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。
注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?
（三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。
The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.
The school in which he once studied is very famous. 他曾经就读过的学校很出名。
Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked for.
Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine for which you asked.明天我将把你要的杂志带来。
This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday.
This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday. 这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。
Well go to hear the famous singer (whom / who / that) we have often talked about.
Well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.我们将去听那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家演唱。
The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.
The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.
我工作的那家公司的经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。
注意：1. 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。
This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. (正) 这是我正在找的手表。
This is the watch for which I am looking . (误)
The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. (正) 那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。
The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. （误）
2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who, that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。
The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正) 你刚才跟他谈话的那个人是我的邻居。
The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. (误)
The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (正)我们去加拿大所乘坐的飞机实在很舒服。
The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (误)
3.“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。如：
He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. 他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他都很好。
In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. 篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。
There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 我们班总共有40个学生，大多数来自大城市。
Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life. 迄今为止，他写了10部小说，其中3部是关于农村生活的。
（四）关系副词引导的定语从句
1． when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。
The time when we got together finally arrived. 我们团聚的时刻终于到了。
October 1, 1949 was the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded. 1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。
Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents. 你还记得在农村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年吗？
2． where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。
The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 我十年前住的房子已经被拆掉了。
I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised . 我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。
Is this the place where they fought the enemy? 这是他们当初打敌人的地方吗？
3． why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告诉我你误机的原因。
The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。
I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 我不知道他今天为什么看上去不愉快。
注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如：
From the years when / in which he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up. 自从他在农村读小学时，他就已经知道长大后要做什么。
Great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they live. 他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。
The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear. 他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。
（五）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
形式上 不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。 用逗号“，”与主句隔开。
意义上 是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。 只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。
译法上 译成先行词的定语：“．．．的” 通常译成主句的并列句。
关系词的使用上 A．作宾语时可省略 A．不可省略
B．可用that B．不用that
C．可用who 代替whom C．不可用who 代替whom
限制性定语从句举例：
The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. 老师告诉我说汤姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。
China is a country which has a long history. 中国是一个历史悠久的国家。
In the street I saw a man who was from Africa. 在街上我看到一个来自非洲的人。
非限制性定语从句举例 ：
His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严格。
China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. 中国是1949年成立的， 现在正变得越来越强大。
Last summer I visited the Peoples Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every year. 去年夏天，我参观了人民大会堂，在那儿每年都要举行许多重要会议。
注意区分下列几组句子的不同含义：
1. Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college.
她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。（意含： 她还有其他哥哥。）
Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college.
她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。（意含： 她只有一个哥哥。）
2. All the books that have pictures in them are well written.
所有里面带插图的书都写得很好。（意含： 不带插图的书则不一定写得好。）
All the books, which have pictures in them, are well written.
所有的书都带插图，这些书都写得很好。（意含： 没有不带插图的书。）
重点疑难
（一）限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的情况
1．当先行词是everything, anything, nothing (something 除外), all, none, few, little, some等代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。如：
Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? 李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？
There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. 对他来说似乎世界上没有什么不可能的事。
All that can be done has been done. 所有能做的都做好了。
There is little that I can do for you. 我不能为你干什么。
He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed. 他呆在图书馆查找所需的资料。
注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who，如：
Any man that / who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing. 任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。
All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people. 所有应邀来参加她婚礼的客人都是重要人物。
2．当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
3．当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：
This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
4．当先行词被the very, the only修饰时。如：
This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 这正是我要买的词典。
After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns. 家里发生了火灾过后，那辆旧车成了他的唯一拥有。
注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。如：
Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting. 王华是我校唯一出席会议的人。
5．当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如：
Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁？
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 哪件T恤衫最合我的身？
6．当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如：
They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school 他们谈论着他们所能记起的在校时的人和事。
Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. 瞧瞧那个沿街走来的人和他的 毛驴。
（二）关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句
as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句时， 其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是：
1. as 和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如：
He married her, as / which was natural. 他跟她结婚了，这是很自然的事。
He is honest, as / which we can see. 他很诚实， 这一点我们看得出来。
2. as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。 which 引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含义。如：
As is known to all, China is a developing country. 众所周知，中国是发展中国家。
He is from the south, as we can know from his accent. 他是南方人，这一点我们从他的口音可以知道。
John, as you know, is a famous writer. 正如你所知， 约翰是个著名作家。
Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I dont believe. 张华已去过巴黎十多次了，这一点我不相信。
注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。如：
Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry. 汤姆老是迟到，这使得老师很恼火。
These tables are made of metal, which made them very heavy. 这些桌子是金属的，这使得这些桌子很重。
3.当先行词受such, the same 修饰时，关系词常用as。 如：
Ive never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过象他讲的这样的故事。
He is not such a fool as he looks. 他可不象他看上去的那样傻。
This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。
注意：当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。如：
She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. 她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。
She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. 她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。
(三) 以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。如：
The way (that / in which ) he answered the questions was surprising. 他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇。
I dont like the way (that / in which) you laugh at her. 我不喜欢你冲她的样子。
（四）关系代词与关系副词的选择
用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）。试比较：
A.I know a place where we can have a picnic. 我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方。
I know a place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. 我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名的地方。
B.I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together. 我永远忘不了我们一起度假的日子。
I will never forget the days that / which we spent together. 我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。
C.This is the reason why he was dismissed. 这就是他被解雇的原因。
This is the reason that / which he explained to me for his not attending the meeting. 这就是他向我解释的他没有参加会议的原因。
（五）but 有时也用作关系词引导定语从句。如：
There are very few but admire his talents. 很少有人不赞赏他的才干的。（but = who dont）
（六）定语从句与同位语从句的区别
1．定语从句修饰限定先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，它与先行词是同位关系。
The plane that has just taken off is for Paris. （定语从句） 刚刚起飞的那架飞机是开往巴黎的。
The fact that he has already died is quite clear. （同位语从句） 他已经去世了，这个事实很明了。
2．定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。同位语从句主要由连词that 引导，在从句中一般不担当成分；有时也由where, when, how, who, whether, what 等连词引导，这些连词则在从句中担当成分。
The news that he told me is true. （定语从句） 他告诉我的消息是真的。
The news that he has just died is true. （同位语从句） 他刚刚去世了，这个消息是真的。
The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. (定语从句) 我们现在面临的问题是如何筹集这么多资金。
The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve. （同位语从句） 我们如何筹集这么多资金，这个问题很难解决。
The question that he raised puzzled all of us. （定语从句） 他提出的问题让我们很为难。
The question whether he is sure to win the game is hard to answer. （同位语从句） 他是否一定会赢得那场比赛，这个问题很难回答。
3．同位语从句与先行词一般可以用动词be发展成一个完整的句子, 而定语从句则不能。如：
A.The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.（同位语从句） 我们可以向老师请教，这个主意不错。
The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.
B.The fact that the earth moves around the sun is known to all.（同位语从句） 地球围绕太阳转，这个事实人人皆知。
The fact is that the earth moves around the sun.
C. Pay attention to the problem how we can protect the wild animals. （同位语从句） 请注意如何保护野生动物这个问题。
The problem is how we can protect the wild animals.
基本概念
1. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, , of course, made the others unhappy.
A. which B. who C. this D. what
2. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town he grew up as a child.
A. which B. when C. that D. where
3. The gentleman you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.
A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom
4. Please take any seat is free.
A. which B. where C. in which D. that
5. The old man has two sons, is a soldier.
A. one of whom B. both of them C. all of whom D. none of them
6. This is the ship we crossed the Pacific(太平洋).
A. by which B. by that C. where D. in which
7. New York is famous for its sky-scrapers(摩天大楼)， has more than 100 storeys.
A. the higher of them B. the highest of which
C. the highest of them D. some of which
8. My home village is no longer the same it used to be.
A. which B. as C. where D. when
9. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., many people have gone home.
A. whose time B. that C. at which D. by which time
10. The boy composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group.
A. who B. whose C. that D. which
11. The weather turned out to be very good, was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
12. Mr. Wang is a boss, factory Li Ping worked.
A. in whose B. whose C. in whom D. of which
13. I don't like the way you speak to her.
A. / B. that C. in which D. All A, B, and C
14. I shall never forget the years I lived in the country with the farmers, has a good effect on my life.
A. that, which B. when, which C. which, that D. when, who
15. is known to all, China will be an advanced and powerful country in 20 or 30yearstime.
A. What B. That C. As D. It
16. Is this book you want to borrow from the library?
A. that B. which C. the one D. /
17. Such a book you showed me is difficult to understand.
A. that B. which C. as D. like
18. The speaker spoke of some writers and some books were popular then.
A. / B. that C. which D. who
19. This is the store we visited the famous shop assistants.
A. where B. there C. that D. which
20. Im going to spend my holiday in Beijing, live my old parents.
A. which B. that C. where D. there
练习答案：
1---5 ADBDA 6---10 DBBDB 11---15 BADBC 16---20 CCBAC
篇6：语法重点之四：定语从句
用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。
一．词引导的定语从句
1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词
句子成分 用于限制从句或非限制性从句 只用于限制性从句
代替人 代替物 代替人或物
主语 who which that
主语 whom which that
宾语 whose(=of whom) whose(=of which)
例1：this is the detective who came from london.
例2：the book which i am reading is written by tomas hardy.
例3：the desk whose leg is broken is very old.
例4：this is the room that shakespeare was born in.
2．关系代词的用法
(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如：
all the people that are present burst into tears.
(2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。
(3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如：
there are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated.
(4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。例如：
he succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.
(5) that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中。
(6) which可作表语，既可指人，以可指物。指人时，一般指从事某种职业或是有种特征．品性或才能的人。which引导的定语从句可以限制性的，也可以是非限制性的。
(7) 如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。
(8) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。例如：
the boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.
(9) 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或whom，不用 which。例如：
is there anyone here who will go with you?
3．“介词＋关系代词“是一个普遍使用的结构
(1) “介词＋关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词＋关系代词“结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，关系代词只可用whom或 which,不可用 that 。
(2) from where为“介词＋关系副词“结构，但也可以引导定语从句。例如：
we stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town..
(3) 像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：
this is the boy whom she has taken care of.
二．关系副词引导的定语从句
1．关系副词也可以引导定语从句
关系副词在从句中分别表示时间．地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语，where 充当地点状语，why充当原因状语。
2. that可引导定语从句表示时间．地点或原因
that有时可以代替关系副词 when, where 或者why引导定语从句表示时间．地点或原因，在 that引导的这种定语从句中，that也可以省去。
三．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1．二者差异比较
限制定语从句紧跟先行词，同先行词这间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词．关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。
2．关系代词和关系副词的选择依据
(1) 弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分,作状语的应选用关系副词，作主语．宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。
3. 先行词与定语从句隔离
定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分，构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。例如：
1) this is the article written by him that is poke to you about..
2) he was the only person in this country who was invited
四．as在定语从句中的用法
1. 引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
（1）as多与such 或the same连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。
（2）as 也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于which。例如：
the elephant’s nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.
3）the same… that与 the same …as在意思上是不同的。
2．as引导的非限制性定语从句的位置
as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面．中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如：
(1) as is expected, the england team won the football match.
(2) the earth runs around the sun, as is known by everyone.
篇7：限制性定语从句的语法学习
限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句是对先行词的内容进行严格、明确限定的定语从句，与先行词的意思关系非常紧密。
此时如果把限制性从句移除，先行词的意思就会受影响，意思不完整、不清楚或者有很大的变化。
所以，限制性定语从句是不能移除的。
例如：
Give me the article that tells our company.
把讲述我们公司的文章给我。
(限定的是“讲述我们公司的那篇文章”，而不是别的文章)
Which is the motorb ike that you fixed on the 12th?
哪辆是你12号修理的摩托车?
(限定的是“你12号修的那辆摩托车”，不是别的或者其他日子修的摩托车)
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篇8：考研英语定语从句语法讲解
1.结构识别：名词+连接词+句子
从本质上讲句子在很多时候也是一个名词，因此这个结构也可以是这样的：句子+连接词+句子。在这种结构中连接词前面一定要出现逗号，这种结构在传统的语法书中也被称为非限定性定语从句。
【例】Kevin gave us a wonderful training course, which left us a deep impression.
【解析】这个句子的前身应该是这样的：Kevin gave us a wonderful training course. It left us a deep impression. it就是指代前面这个句子，这样两个句子就有了共有的名词，连接两个具有共同名词的句子是定语从句的作用，就可以用which代替it，这样就有了示例中的非限定性定语从句。
定语从句的连接词：
关系代词：who, whom, which, that, as, whose
关系连词：when, where, why, how
介词+关系代词：as和that以及who一般不能接到介词后引导句子
2.定语从句的处理方法
A.按照定语的处理方法将定语从句前置，这种处理方式适用于比较短的和起修饰限定作用的定语从句。
B.在考研中大多数的定语从句起的作用是连接句子，因此我们通常把定语从句从整个句子中独立拆分出来单独成为一个句子，这种处理方法的关键是找到连接词，拆分点就是连接词。对于“介词+连接词”引导的定语从句，拆分点就在介词处。
【例】There is something by virtue of which man is man.
【解析】这句话其实是由以下两句话变来的：
1)There is something.
2)Man is man by virtue of this thing.
这两句话中有共有的名词something和this thing，用which替换掉this thing再把of which提前，得到：There is something of which man is man by virtue.
by virtue of是一个相对固定的短语：by为介词，virtue为名词，构成一个介词短语，of短语修饰virtue。为了保持结构的相对完整性，写作的时候最好把by virtue一并提前，得到：There is something by virtue of which man is man.在翻译的时候可以提前，也可以分译。
【译文】存在一种特性，人之所以为人就是由于这种特性。(或：存在一种使人成为人的特性)
3.定语从句的作用
1.连接两个具有共同名词的句子。
【例】I have three books of which the red is my favorite.
【解析】这是一个很简单的句子，定语从句由of which引导，但是这个句子并不是在修饰和限定前面的单词books。这个句子其实是由两个句子合并而成的：
1)I have three books.
2)The red of those books is my favorite.
这两个句子中有共同的名词books，这样就可以合写成一个句子，此时就用到了定语从句的第二个作用：连接两个具有共同名词的句子。把第二个句子中的those books替换成能连接两个句子的关系代词which，这样就能产生了如下这个句子：I have three books, the red of which is my favorite.为了让整个句子更加紧凑就把of which提到books后面，进而形成了刚才的那个句子。
表示因果逻辑关系
【例】America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.
【解析】这句话中有一个定语从句是由whose来引导的，在翻译的时候也有两种处理方法：
1)美国和美国人的繁荣程度超越了欧洲和亚洲人的梦想，他们的经济被战争摧毁了。
2)美国和美国人的繁荣程度超越了欧洲和亚洲人的梦想，因为他们的经济被战争摧毁了。
而后面就有对应这个句子的考题：The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War II because .
答案：the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitions.
题干对应刚才句子的主句America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians，在表述上进行了同义替换，而正确选项就是对应whose所引导的定语从句。
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