考研英语 语法精解 代词

时间:2023年01月22日

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以下是小编为大家准备的考研英语 语法精解 代词,本文共8篇,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。本文原稿由网友“伸懒腰是正经事”提供。

篇1:考研英语语法重难点精解 代词

考研英语语法重难点精解 代词

连接代词

连接代词包括who, whom, whose, what, which, that。其中除what外,其他连接代词也可作关系代词,其区别在于连接代词引导的是主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句等名词性从句,而关系代词引导的是定语从句。

(一)引导主语从句

例句: That the sun and not the earth is the center of our planetary system was a difficult concept to grasp in the Middle Ages.

分析: 该句是复合句,that the sun and not the earth is the center of our planetary system在句中充当主语。

译文: 太阳是我们行星系的中心(而不是地球)这一概念在中世纪是很难让人明白的。

例句: It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience;but this effect is not a part of its original motive. (第46题)

分析: 该句是由转折连词but连接的并列句,其中第一个分句中it作形式主语,真正的主语是that the measure of the worth...,of any social institution是worth的后置定语,in enlarging and improving experience是its effect的后置定语。

译文: 或许可以说,要衡量任何一种社会制度的价值就要看它在丰富和提升人们经验方面的影响,但是这种影响并不是其最初动机的一部分。

(二)引导宾语从句

例句: He adds humbly that perhaps he was“superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully”. (第49题)

分析: 该句是复合句,that引导的宾语从句结构是he was superior to..., 其中包含了由which引导的定语从句,in noticing things与in observing them carefully是并列结构。

译文: 他又自谦地说,或许自己“在注意到容易被忽略的事物,并对其加以仔细观察方面优于常人”。

例句: I apologize if I had offended you, but I assure you it was unintentional. (第3题)

分析: 该句是并列复合句,其中短语assure sb. that...意为“向某人保证某事”。

译文: 如果我冒犯了你,我向你道歉,但我保证那不是故意的。

(三)引导表语从句

例句:One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. (选自Text 1)

分析:该句是复合句。其中,why the appointment came as such a surprise是一个定语从句,修饰reasons,however作插入语,介词短语as such a surprise作状语,修饰came;主句的主干部分是One of the reasons is that Gilbert is comparatively little known。

译文: 然而,该任命显得如此突然的原因之一就是吉尔伯特比较不为人知。

例句: The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. (选自Text3)

分析: 该句是复合句,that people have failed to...changes是一个表语从句,which have happened in the ocean作changes的定语,because后引导一个原因状语从句。

译文: 这个概念是说人们没有注意到发生在海洋里的巨大变化,因为人们只是回顾了过去很短一段时间。

(四)同位语从句(通常由that引导,也可由whether,what,when,where,why,how引导,进一步说明其前名词的具体内容和含义)

例句:Allen?s contribution was to take an assumption we all share―that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts―and reveal its erroneous nature. (20第46题)

分析:该句是复合句,主干部分是Allen?s contribution was to take an assumption and reveal its erroneous nature。其中we all share是一个定语从句,修饰assumption;that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts是一个同位语从句,与assumption为同位语关系。

译文:爱伦的贡献在于他提出了一个公认的假设并揭示了其错误本质,即“我们不是机器人,因此我们能控制自己的思想”。

例句: But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the new media. (第48题)

分析: 该句是复合句,其中主干结构为the idea...rests on an understanding..., that the journalist must...an ordinary citizen是the idea的.同位语从句。

译文: 新闻记者应该比普通公民更加透彻地了解法律,但这种看法是基于他们对新闻媒体业已确立的规约和特殊责任的理解。

(五)whatever, who(m)ever, whichever

连接代词what+ever指不定数目中无论什么,用于物;who(m)+ever指不定数目中无沦是谁,用于人;which+ever指确定数目中无论哪一个,用于人或物。

例句: Now that you have developed a topic into a tentative thesis, you can assemble your notes and begin to flesh out whatever outline you have made. (选自20Part B)

分析: 该句是复合句,主干部分是you can assemble your notes and begin to flesh out..., whatever outline you have made作flesh out(使充实、具体化)的宾语,从句中develop...into意思是“发展成;变成”。前半部分是now that引导的让步状语从句。

译文: 既然你已经将一个主题拓展成了一个初步的论题,那么你就可以整合笔记内容,丰富自己拟定的提纲。

例句: Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the“great game”of espionage―spying as a“profession”. (选自Text 1)

分析: 该句是复合句,whatever tools came to...作using的宾语,破折号后的内容是对espionage的解释说明。

译文: 多诺万认为在职业间谍活动这一“伟大事业”中可以利用任何有用的工具。

考研频道。

篇2:考研英语 语法精解 代词

考研英语 语法精解 代词

指示代词

(一)this,that和these,those

指示代词this和that的复数形式分别为these和those,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语,this和these表示较近的空间或时间,that和those表示较远的空间和时间。

例句: In the past, most foresters have been men, but today, the number of women pursuing this field is climbing.

分析: 该句是并列句。

译文: 过去林业工人多半是男人,可如今从事这一行业的妇女人数在增加。

例句: We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. (第62题)

分析: 该句是复合句,主句为We are obliged to them。because引导一个状语从句,定语从句who spoke them修饰the peoples,as引导的句子可以看做插入语,补充说明 some of these languages have since vanished的原因。

译文: 我们之所以感激他们(两位先驱),是因为在此以后,这些语言中有一些已经不复存在了,这是由于使用这些语言的民族或是消亡了,或是被同化而丧失了自己的本族语言。

(二)指示代词that和those也可用于比较结构,表示前面提到的东西,避免重复

例句: The number of registered participants in this year?s marathon was half that of last year?s. (第7题)

分析: 该句是简单句,本句的主语是单数名词number,因此后面指代它的代词只能是单数that,谓语用单数。

译文: 今年登记参加马拉松赛跑的人数是去年的一半。

例句: His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision. (20第47题)

分析: 该句是复合句,主句为His function is analogous to that of a judge。定语从句who must accept...修饰a judge,介词短语in as obvious a matter as possible作状语,用来说明reveal的方式,另一个定语从句which led him to his decision修饰the course of reasoning。

译文: 他的职责与法官相似,必须承担这样的责任: 用尽可能明了的方式来展示自己作出决定的推理过程。

例句: These bunches of flowers are more beautiful than those we bought yesterday.

译文: 这些束花比昨天我们买的.那些花漂亮多了。

(三)指示代词such在句中作主语、表语和定语

例句: Such is what you want me to do.

Such are the meanings of authentic love.

(such作表语时,往往置于句首)

注意: such用作定语时和副词so的区别在前面副词一节中已提到。

(四)指示代词same的用法

在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语,其前与定冠词the连用。

例句: Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements―usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes nitrogen. (选自19Cloze Test)

分析: 该句是复合句。

译文: 因为是由同样的元素构成――通常是碳、氢、氧,有时还有氮,所以各种维生素都很相似。

六、疑问代词

疑问代词用来构成特殊疑问句,其中who(whom/whose)指人,what指物,which指选择对象。

例句: What?s the difference between love and fondness or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? (选自20Text 2)

分析: 该句是由or连接的两个简单句(特殊疑问句)。

译文: 爱情与喜欢有什么区别,幸运和巧合的本质是什么?

七、关系代词

关系代词包括who(whom,whose),that和which。that只能引导限制性定语从句,其他关系代词既可引导限制性定语从句也可引导非限制性定语从句,具体用法详见定语从句一节。

八、不定代词

(一)both,all

1. both用于两者,all用于三者及三者以上,其后接名词复数形式,谓语动词用复数,在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。

例句: Similar elements in the prehistoric remains from both areas suggest that Indians and their neighbors had maintained distant but real connections even before 1,500 BC.

分析: 该句是复合句,suggest是主句的谓语动词,that Indians and their neighbors...是一个宾语从句。

译文: 来自两个地区的史前遗迹中的类似成分表明: 印度人和他们的邻居甚至在公元前15前就维持着遥远但真实的联系。

例句: In the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization―with all the far?reaching changes in social patterns that followed―was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. (第74题)

分析: 该句是并列复合句,whereas连接两个并列分句,其中前一个分句的主句部分为the process of industrialization was spread over nearly a century,而介词短语with...为主语补足语,定语从句that followed修饰changes。

译文: 在早先实现工业化的欧洲国家中,其工业化进程以及随之而来的对社会结构有深远影响的变革延续了将近一个世纪,而现如今,一个发展中国家只用十年左右的时间就可以经历同样的过程。

2. all作代词时,其后谓语动词可以是单数也可以是复数。

例句: All the information we have collected in relation to that case adds up to very little.

分析: 该句是复合句,其中主干部分是All the information...adds up to very little,we have collected in relation to that case 是修饰the information的定语从句。

译文: 我们搜集到的与那件事有关的所有信息都是没有意义的。

例句: All but he and I are going to attend the meeting.

译文: 除了我和他之外,所有人都去开会了。

3. both,all,every和not连用时表示部分否定。

例句 :But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system(the“emotional brain”) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. (选自Text 3)

分析: 该句是由分号及while连接的并列句,分号相当于连词and,not all...表示部分否定。

译文: 但并不是大脑的所有部分都参与活动,控制情绪的大脑部位异常活跃,然而控制智力和推理能力的前额皮质却相对平静。

例句: Not everyone sees that process in perspective. (选自Use of English)

分析: 该句是简单句。

译文: 不是每个人都能正确看待这个过程。

(二)either, neither, any, each, none, every, some

1. either和neither是一对反义词,表示“两者中任何一个都(不)”,作名词或形容词。

用法为:

either (neither) of the+复数名词+动词单数

either (neither)+单数名词+动词单数

如:Either/Neither of these stories (either/neither story) he told us is as attractive and instructive as that one.

例句: Neither kind of sleep is at all well?understood, but REM (rapid eye movements) sleep is assumed to serve some restorative function of the brain.

分析: 该句是并列句。

译文: 人们对这两种睡眠都没有完全了解,但认为快速眼动睡眠有使大脑恢复的功能。

2. either指两者中的任何一个,仅限两者,而each用于两者以上;either和both可互换使用,但both强调整体。

例句: The relationship between Latin American music and black music in the United States is evident in the unaccented beats that are common to either/both.

分析: 该句是复合句,定语从句that are common to either/both修饰beats。

译文: 拉丁美洲音乐同美国黑人音乐的关系明显地表现在这两种音乐各自存在着无重音 节拍这一共同点上。

例句: We also expect each place to be appropriate to its use.

分析: 该句是简单句。

译文: 我们也希望每个地方都恰如其分。

3. any和none是一对反义词,表示“三者或三者以上中的任何一个都(不)”,其后谓语动词 的单复数参看例句。

例句: Although Professor Green?s lectures usually run over the fifty?minute period, none of his students ever object(s)as they find his lectures both informative and interesting.

分析: 该句是复合句。

译文: 虽然格林教授的课通常超过规定的50分钟,但他的学生从无一人表示反对,因为他们发现格林的课既富有知识性又有趣。

例句: If any man here does not agree with me, he should put forward his own p

篇3:考研英语语法重难点精解

转化法(Conversion)

转化法是指单词词形不变,而词性却由一种词性转化为另一种词性,转化后的词义与转化前相比有时有联系,有时差异很大。主要体现在以下几个方面。

一、转化为动词

(一)名词转化为动词

slip(n.滑倒;小错)――(v.滑倒;悄悄地塞入)

trumpet(n.小号,喇叭)――(v. 大声宣告或鼓吹)

plate(n.盘子)――(v.镀金)

lap(n.重叠部分)――(v.包扎;拍打;使部分重叠)

(二)形容词转化为动词

coordinate(a.同等的)――(v.使协调)

last(a.最后的)――(v.持续,维持)

firm(a.坚固的)――(v.变稳固,变坚实)

near(a.不远的)――(v.靠近,接近)

(三)副词转化为动词

snap(adv.啪的一声)――(v.厉声说)

forward(adv.向前)――(v.邮寄,传递;提高)

counter(adv.相反)――(v.反对,反击)

dirty(adv.很,非常)――(v.弄脏)

二、转化为名词(一)动词转化为名词

associate(v.联系)――(n.同事,伙伴)

zero(v.瞄准,聚焦)――(n.零点)

warp(v.使弯曲)――(n.弯曲;偏见)

zone(v.划归)――(n.区域)

(二)形容词转化为名词

warm(a.温暖的,热情的)――(n.温和的地方)

bound(a.必定的;受约束的)――(n.跳,跳跃)

bottom(a.最后的,底部的)――(n.底面)

ill(a.不适的,有病的)――(n.恶行,邪恶)

三、转化为形容词(一)名词转化为形容词

relative(n.亲戚)――(a.相对的)

forte(n.特长)――(a.强音的)

drunk(n.醉鬼)――(a.烂醉的,飘飘然的)

initial(n.首字母)――(a.最初的)

(二)副词转化为形容词

sharp(adv.准时地,整点)――(a.锋利的,陡峭的)

stark(adv.完全地)――(a.光秃秃的;严格的)

cheap(adv.廉价)――(a.便宜的,花钱少的)

devilish(adv.很,非常)――(a.邪恶的,恶毒的)

(三)介词转化为形容词

inside(prep.在内,向内)――(a.内部的,从内部得到的)

down(prep.朝向下方,沿着)――(a.往下的,向下的)

given(prep.考虑到,鉴于)――(a.给予的,指定的)

in(prep.在……内,从事)――(a.流行的;亮着的)

四、转化为副词(一)名词转化为副词

light(n.光线,光源)――(adv.轻装地;轻地)

down(n.绒毛,汗毛)――(adv.往低处,向下)

slap(n.掌击)――(adv.直接,正好)

well(n.水井,来源)――(adv.满意地,称赞地)

(二)形容词转化为副词

live(a.有生命的,发着光的)――(adv.从现场,实地)

little(a.小的,短的)――(adv.稍许)

due(a.应支付的,到期的)――(adv.【置于方位词前】正)

express(a.迅速的,清楚的)――(adv.用快递方式)

(三)介词转化为副词

up(prep.上面,沿着)――(adv.向上地,接近)

about(prep.在周围,到处)――(adv.四周地,随处)

around(prep.沿……绕成一圈,包围)――(adv.四方,围绕)

over(prep.在……正上方)――(adv.由上往下,横过)

合成法(Compounding)

合成法是指一个新词由两个或两个以上的词合成,这种单词之间可以用连字符连接,也可直接连在一起。下面着重讲述四种词性的合成。

(一)合成名词

dress?shirt(礼服衬衫)draw?bridge(吊桥)

flash?flood(暴涨的洪水)echo?sounder(回声探测器)

lotus?eater(贪图享乐的人) sky?surfing(空中冲浪)

power?point(电源插座) driving?licence(驾驶证)

(二)合成形容词

trust?worthy(值得信赖的)quick?change(瞬变的)

pug?nosed(狮子鼻的)on?stage(在舞台上的)

mouth?watering(令人垂涎的)strike?bound(因罢工而停顿的)

run?of?the?mill(普通的)stand?up(站立的,单口相声的)

(三)合成动词

rum?mage(搜寻)tip?toe(踮着脚走)

proof?read(校对)counter?act(抵抗)

sight?read(即兴演奏乐曲)over?haul(大修,仔细检查)

short?change(少找钱,亏待)cat?nap(打盹)

(四)合成副词

straight?way(立刻,马上)like?wise(同样地)

never?the?less(尽管如此)there?fore(因此)

not?with?standing(尽管,还是)sky?high(极高地)

scot?free(免受惩罚,免受伤害)some?how(以某种方式)

篇4:考研英语语法重点精解 动名词

考研英语语法重点精解 动名词

动名词是一种非谓语动词,它的形式与现在分词相同,具有名词和动词的某些特征,它可以带宾语、状语等构成动名词短语,在句中不能单独做谓语。

一、动名词的时态(Tense)

以动词do为例:

主动 被动 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 从上述表格可以看出,动名词和现在分词的时态完全相同,而非谓语动词之间的区别主要是用法上的区别。动名词和现在分词形式相同,用法却大相径庭,动名词一般式表示的动作通常与谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生,而动名词的完成式则表示动作在谓语动词的动作之前已发生。

例句: Mr. Jankin regretted blaming his secretary for the mistake, for he later discovered it was his own fault.(regretted与blaming所表示动作几乎同时发生)

分析: 该句是复合句。动名词blaming在句中作宾语,it was his own fault是discovered的`宾语从句。

译文: 坚金先生后悔责怪秘书了,因为他后来发现是自己的过错。

例句: ――Did you find out who had stolen my watch?

――That child didn?t admit having done that.(having done所表示动作在动词admit 前已经发生)

分析: 前一分句是一复合句,who had stolen my watch作find out的宾语,后一分句是一简单句。

译文: ――你查出是谁把我的手表盗走了吗?

――那个孩子不承认是他干的。

例句: I appreciated having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.(having been given所表示动作在谓语动词appreciated之前已发生)

分析: 该句是简单句。

译文: 我很感谢两年前给我出国进修的机会。

二、动名词的用法(Usage)

(一)充当主语

例句: Knowing what you?re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.

(选自Text 1)

分析: 该句是复合句,其中主语中what you?re good at作knowing的宾语。

译文: 假如你了解自己在哪方面擅长并且更多地去实践就能创造辉煌。

例句: Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true when it comes to classroom tests. (第6题)

分析: 该句是复合句。when引导一时间状语从句。

译文: 做作业是提高你考试成绩的有效之策;对于随堂测试,该方法尤为可靠。

(二)充当表语

例句: We should always keep in mind that our work is serving the people.

分析: 该句是复合句,其中that our work is serving the people在句中作keep的宾语,短语keep sth. in mind意为“牢记……”。

译文: 我们应切实牢记我们的工作是为人民服务。

例句: Reading is learning, but applying is also learning and the more important kind of learning at that.

分析: 该句是并列句。

译文: 读书是学习,但使用也是学习,而且是更重要的学习。

(三)充当宾语

例句: Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these things and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations. (选自Part B)

分析: 该句是简单句。help kids practice...与help them apply...是两并列谓语。

译文: 在家中的讨论可以帮助孩子练习这些事情,也可以帮助他们把这些技能应用到现实的生活中去。

例句: In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided we fall”.(第50题)

分析: 该句是简单句。其中it是形式主语,真正的主语是to say “United we stand, divided we fall”。

译文: 在应对如此大规模的挑战时,我们可以毫不夸张地说:“联合,我们就生存;分裂,我们就灭亡”。

(四)充当定语

例句: In the past, he was the only person in the village that could drive walking tractor, which made most of the villagers jealous.

分析: 该句是复合句。that could drive walking tractor是修饰the only person的定语从句,非限制性定语从句which made most of the villagers jealous修饰的是前面整个句子。

译文: 他过去是村里唯一会开拖拉机的人,这令大多数村民羡慕不已。

例句: The workers are busy building a listening room, which will have been finished by the end of this semester.

分析: 该句是复合句。非限制性定语从句which will have been finished by the end of this semester修饰a listening room。

译文: 工人们正在修建的语音室将在本学期末竣工。

篇5:考研英语语法精解 用途句子分类

考研英语语法精解 用途句子分类

按照用途句子的分类(Classification by Usage)

英语句子按照用途可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。

一、陈述句(Declarative Sentence)

叙述一项事实的句子称之为陈述句,可以是肯定句,也可以是否定句。

例句: The capital intended to broaden the export base and secure efficiency gains from international trade was channeled instead of uneconomic import substitution. (第26题)

分析: 该句是简单句,其中分词短语intended to...and secure...international trade作后置定语修饰the capital,主干部分为the capital was channeled。channel作动词,意为“输送,引导”。

译文: 本来用于扩大出口基地从而获得国际贸易效益的资金却用到了非经济进口贸易中去。

例句: Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice. (20第49题)

分析: 该句是复合句,主句为Creating a “European identity” is no easy task and demands a strategic choice,定语从句that respects the different...修饰European identity,另一定语从句which go to make up...修饰cultures and traditions。

译文: 不同文化和传统把欧洲大陆编织成一个整体,要创造出一种尊重这些不同文化和传统的“欧洲特色”绝非易事,需要人们做出战略性选择。

二、疑问句(Interrogative Sentence)

用来提出疑问的句子称为疑问句,包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反义疑问句。

(一)一般疑问句(General Question)

可以用yes或no回答的疑问句称为一般疑问句,句中的助动词或情态动词置于主语前,形成倒装语序。在有些情况下,如想表示猜测、惊讶、怀疑时,可用正常语序。

例句: According to what you have just said, am I to understand the new post carries no responsibility with it at all? (19第29题)

分析: 该句是复合句,the new post carries no responsibility...在句中作understand的宾语,同时what you have just said也作介词短语according to的宾语。

译文: 根据你所说,我是不是该理解为做这项新工作根本不需要任何责任感?

例句: Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn?t know for sure? (选自年Text 2)

分析: 该句是复合句,主句为Do you remember all those years,when引导的定语从句修饰all those years, but在定语从句中连接两个并列宾语从句。

译文: 你还记得科学家们争论说吸烟会致人死亡,而那些怀疑者却坚信我们对此无法得出定论的那些年月吗?

(二)特殊疑问句(Special Question)

用特殊疑问词如who(m),whose,which,what,why,where,when,how就句中某一部分提出疑问的句子称为特殊疑问句,语序为疑问词加一般疑问句。

例句: How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields? (选自20Text 2)

分析: 该句是由and连接的并列句。

译文: 有多少智力可以量化?我们从神经学、遗传学、计算机科学和其他领域中又能学到多少智力呢?

例句: If you know what the trouble is, why don?t you help them to rectify the situation? (第30题)

分析: 该句是复合句,what the trouble is作从句中谓语动词know的宾语。

译文: 既然你知道问题所在,那为什么不帮助他们摆脱目前的困境呢?

如果疑问词作主语或主语的修饰语时,则用陈述语序。如:

例句: When discussing the issue of unemployment, whose argument is based on the fact?

分析: 该句是复合句,前半部分的完整形式应为when we are discussing...。

译文: 如果讨论失业问题,有谁的观点是以事实为依据的呢?

(三)选择疑问句(Alternative Question)

提出两种或两种以上的情况让对方选择的疑问句称为选择疑问句,常用or连接两个一般疑问句的形式构成,后一问句常用省略式。

例句: Which do you prefer,rose or lilac(紫丁香)?

Did her father travel in France or in Italy last summer?

(四)反义疑问句(Tag Question)

置于陈述句之后,对陈述句所叙述事实提出相反的疑问,这种疑问句称为反义疑问句,形式如下:

①肯定陈述句+否定简略问句;②否定陈述句+肯定简略问句

例句: The local people were joyfully surprised to find the price of vegetable no longer fluctuated according to the weather,were not they? (年第38题)

分析: 该句是复合句,the price of vegetable no longer fluctuated...作find的宾语。

译文: 当地人十分惊喜地发现蔬菜价格不再随天气变化而波动,是吗?

例句: He does not qualify as a teacher of English as his pronunciation is terrible, does he? (第24题)

分析: 该句是复合句,其中后一个as是连词,引导原因状语从句,前一个as是介词,意为“作为……”,与qualify 一起构成短语意为“有资格做……”。

译文: 他因为发音太差而不够资格当英文教师,是吗?

下面着重讲解考试中常出现的或大家在学习中难以理解的几种反义疑问句的构成。

1. 陈述句的谓语为am时,简略问句否定式用aren?t I,肯定式为am I。

例句: I?m very glad to know that my boss has generously agreed to write off my debt in return for certain services, aren?t I? (1998年第27题)

分析: 该句是复合句。

译文: 我很高兴得知老板已慷慨地同意一笔勾销我的'债务来作为特殊服务的报酬,是吗?

例句: I?m not a person who is willing to run the risk to leave his child alone at home, am I?

分析: 该句是复合句,who引导的定语从句修饰a person。

译文: 我不是那种愿意冒险把孩子单独留在家里的人,是吧?

2. 陈述句部分有表示否定意义的词,如hardly,scarcely,barely,rarely,nothing,never, seldom,little时,简略问句用肯定形式。

例句: The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds on which to base his argument in favor of the new theory, can he?

分析: 该句是简单句,which后的部分修饰grounds,全句相当于The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds on which he bases his argument in favor of the new theory, 其中base sth. on grounds意为“使……具有证据”。

译文: 那位教授几乎找不到充分证据来支持其新理论的论点,是吧?

例句: It never rains but it pours,does it? (选自年Text 4)

分析: 该句是简单句,but前后并列两个谓语动词。

译文: 不鸣则已,一鸣惊人,是吧?

3. 陈述句部分的主语为something,anything, nothing,everything等指物的不定代词时,简略问句主语用it。

例句: Everything that you did is just for my staying here, isn?t it?

分析: 该句是复合句,定语从句that you did修饰everything。

译文: 你所做的任何事情都只是想让我留在这里,对吗?

又如:Something has gone wrong with my watch, hasn't it?

4. 陈述句部分的主语为anyone, anybody, no one, nobody, everyone, everybody等指人的不定代词时,简略问句主语为they。

例句: Everybody loves a fat pay rise,don't they? (选自2005年Text 1)

分析: 该句是简单句。

译文: 每个人都喜欢大幅加薪,对吧?

例句: Nobody can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction,can they?

分析: 该句是复合句,can?t help but do sth.意为“禁不住,不得不……”,which引导的定语从句修饰the world,即take him into the world。

译文: 没有人不对科幻小说带给我们的科幻世界着迷,是不?

5. 情态动词dare,need作实义动词时,简略问句用助动词do/did/does。

例句: Kids need a range of authentic role models―as opposed to members of their clique, pop stars and vaunted athletes, do they? (选自2007年Part B)

分析: 该句是简单句,破折号后的内容表示对前面内容的解释,as opposed to... 的完整形式应是as they are opposed to...,they指代models,其中be opposed to sth.意为“与……对照/对比”。

篇6:考研英语语法难点精解 名词所有格

考研英语语法难点精解 名词所有格

名词的格是表示名词或代词与句中其他词之间意义关系的形式,英语中格的形式有普通格(common case)和属格(genitive case),属格又被称为所有格,当名词在句中表示所有关系时,名词便采用属格形式,属格分为两种:一种是?s属格,另一种是由介词词组构成的of属格。

单数名词加?s,复数名词加“?”(不以s结尾的复数名词仍加“?s”),如:

a boy?s sister

the children?s holiday

the teachers? room

例句: And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, Gordon says that by and large, “you could use today?s data and feel fairly confident.” (选自Text 3)

分析: 该句是复合句,其中主干部分是Gordon says that...。

译文: 如果你需要预测人类在不久将来的身高情况以设计一种新的衣服,戈登认为基本上“你可以使用今天的(身高)数据,并且感到颇有信心。”

用s属格时应注意以下问题:

(一)复合名词在最后一个词后加“?s”

如:

my sister?in?law?s present (我嫂子的礼物)

the commander?in?chief?s wife (总司令的妻子)

the grandson?s toys (孙子的玩具)

(二)由两个或三个名词并列组成的词组所有格

由两个或三个名词并列组成的词组,如在最后一个词后加?s表示并列名词的共有关系;如各个名词后都加?s则表示并列各名词的.所有关系,如:

Tom and John?s car/Tom?s and John?s cars

前者指Tom和John两人共有的一辆汽车;后者指Tom和John两人各自的汽车,故用复数cars。

(三)s属格和of短语的所有格

s属格和of短语都可表示所属关系、主谓关系、动宾关系,但表示类别时只能用?s所有格。

如:

women?s shoes (女鞋)

students? books (学生用书)

a master?s degree (研究生学位)

例句: And even more incredible is the young brain?s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.

分析:该句是倒装句,正常句序是the young brain?s...in new ways is even more incredible,主语中to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine...在句中作定语修饰ability。

译文: 更令人难以相信的是,幼儿能从其周围杂乱的声音中识别语言顺序,并能分析和按新的方式组合与重新组合语言成分。

大学网考研频道。

篇7:考研英语语法重难点精解 动名词

考研英语语法重难点精解 动名词

动名词是一种非谓语动词,它的形式与现在分词相同,具有名词和动词的某些特征,它可以带宾语、状语等构成动名词短语,在句中不能单独做谓语。

动名词的.时态(Tense)

以动词do为例:

主动 被动 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 从上述表格可以看出,动名词和现在分词的时态完全相同,而非谓语动词之间的区别主要是用法上的区别。动名词和现在分词形式相同,用法却大相径庭,动名词一般式表示的动作通常与谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生,而动名词的完成式则表示动作在谓语动词的动作之前已发生。

例句: Mr. Jankin regretted blaming his secretary for the mistake, for he later discovered it was his own fault.(regretted与blaming所表示动作几乎同时发生)

分析: 该句是复合句。动名词blaming在句中作宾语,it was his own fault是discovered的宾语从句。

译文: 坚金先生后悔责怪秘书了,因为他后来发现是自己的过错。

例句: ――Did you find out who had stolen my watch?

――That child didn?t admit having done that.(having done所表示动作在动词admit 前已经发生)

分析: 前一分句是一复合句,who had stolen my watch作find out的宾语,后一分句是一简单句。

译文: ――你查出是谁把我的手表盗走了吗?

――那个孩子不承认是他干的。

例句: I appreciated having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.(having been given所表示动作在谓语动词appreciated之前已发生)

分析: 该句是简单句。

译文: 我很感谢两年前给我出国进修的机会。

考研频道。

篇8:考研英语语法重难点精解 动名词

考研英语语法重难点精解 动名词

动名词是一种非谓语动词,它的形式与现在分词相同,具有名词和动词的某些特征,它可以带宾语、状语等构成动名词短语,在句中不能单独做谓语。

一、动名词的时态(Tense)

以动词do为例:

主动 被动 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 从上述表格可以看出,动名词和现在分词的时态完全相同,而非谓语动词之间的区别主要是用法上的区别。动名词和现在分词形式相同,用法却大相径庭,动名词一般式表示的动作通常与谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生,而动名词的完成式则表示动作在谓语动词的动作之前已发生。

例句: Mr. Jankin regretted blaming his secretary for the mistake, for he later discovered it was his own fault.(regretted与blaming所表示动作几乎同时发生)

分析: 该句是复合句。动名词blaming在句中作宾语,it was his own fault是discovered的宾语从句。

译文: 坚金先生后悔责怪秘书了,因为他后来发现是自己的过错。

例句: ――Did you find out who had stolen my watch?

――That child didn?t admit having done that.(having done所表示动作在动词admit 前已经发生)

分析: 前一分句是一复合句,who had stolen my watch作find out的宾语,后一分句是一简单句。

译文: ――你查出是谁把我的手表盗走了吗?

――那个孩子不承认是他干的。

例句: I appreciated having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.(having been given所表示动作在谓语动词appreciated之前已发生)

分析: 该句是简单句。

译文: 我很感谢两年前给我出国进修的机会。

二、动名词的用法(Usage)

(一)充当主语

例句: Knowing what you?re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.

(选自2009年Text 1)

分析: 该句是复合句,其中主语中what you?re good at作knowing的宾语。

译文: 假如你了解自己在哪方面擅长并且更多地去实践就能创造辉煌。

例句: Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true when it comes to classroom tests. (1998年第6题)

分析: 该句是复合句。when引导一时间状语从句。

译文: 做作业是提高你考试成绩的有效之策;对于随堂测试,该方法尤为可靠。

(二)充当表语

例句: We should always keep in mind that our work is serving the people.

分析: 该句是复合句,其中that our work is serving the people在句中作keep的宾语,短语keep sth. in mind意为“牢记……”。

译文: 我们应切实牢记我们的工作是为人民服务。

例句: Reading is learning, but applying is also learning and the more important kind of learning at that.

分析: 该句是并列句。

译文: 读书是学习,但使用也是学习,而且是更重要的学习。

(三)充当宾语

例句: Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these things and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations. (选自2007年Part B)

分析: 该句是简单句。help kids practice...与help them apply...是两并列谓语。

译文: 在家中的讨论可以帮助孩子练习这些事情,也可以帮助他们把这些技能应用到现实的生活中去。

例句: In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided we fall”.(2005年第50题)

分析: 该句是简单句。其中it是形式主语,真正的主语是to say “United we stand, divided we fall”。

译文: 在应对如此大规模的挑战时,我们可以毫不夸张地说:“联合,我们就生存;分裂,我们就灭亡”。

(四)充当定语

例句: In the past, he was the only person in the village that could drive walking tractor, which made most of the villagers jealous.

分析: 该句是复合句。that could drive walking tractor是修饰the only person的定语从句,非限制性定语从句which made most of the villagers jealous修饰的是前面整个句子。

译文: 他过去是村里唯一会开拖拉机的人,这令大多数村民羡慕不已。

例句: The workers are busy building a listening room, which will have been finished by the end of this semester.

分析: 该句是复合句。非限制性定语从句which will have been finished by the end of this semester修饰a listening room。

译文: 工人们正在修建的语音室将在本学期末竣工。

三、动名词的逻辑主语

动名词的逻辑主语,表明动名词动作的发出者。能作动名词逻辑主语的词类有:物主代词、名词所有格(即名词所加“’s”,复数名词后以“s”结尾的,在其后加“’”)、名词通格(主格)或人称代词宾格。

例句: Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements,most commonly with oxygen. (1997年第2题)

分析: 该句是简单句。nowhere置于句首引起倒装,owing to...在句中作状语。

译文: 自然界中的任何地方都找不到游离态的铝,因为它总是与其他元素,即最常见的是氧元素结合在一起。

注意:

(1) 当逻辑主语是无生命名词或较长名词词组时,通常用名词通格(即主格)。

例句: Anyone with half an eye on the unemployment figures knew that the assertion about economic recovery being just around the corner was untrue.(1999年第1题)

分析: 该句是复合句。其中动名词的复合结构economic recovery being just around the corner在句中作介词about的'宾语,economic recovery作动名词being的逻辑主语,介词短语with half an eye on the unemployment figures作定语修饰anyone。

译文: 任何人只要一看这些失业数据便知关于经济复苏即将来临的言论是不正确的。

例句: I don’t like Jack and Tom speaking ill of each other in public places.

分析: 该句是简单句。Jack and Tom作speaking ill的逻辑主语。

译文: 我不愿听到杰克和汤姆在公众场合说彼此坏话。

(2) 当逻辑主语是someone, somebody, none, nobody, anyone, anybody等不定代词或this,that指示代词时,通常用名词通格(即主格)。

例句: Just when I was going to sleep, I was awakened by somebody knocking on the door.

分析: 该句是复合句。somebody作动名词knocking的逻辑主语。

译文: 我正要入睡时,有人敲门吵醒了我。

例句: I disapproved of that being said about the teacher, for he has his own good point.

分析: 该句是并列句。指示代词that作动名词being said的逻辑主语。

译文: 我不同意对老师那样的评价,因为他也有他的优点。

(3) 当动名词在句中作主语时,逻辑主语用属格(即物主代词或名词所有格)。

例句: The student’s knowing French well helped him a lot in learning English.

译文: 掌握法语对于学习英语有很大的帮助。

四、动名词的否定形式

动名词的否定形式与分词否定形式一样,由动名词前加not构成。

例句: She always has dozens of excellent excuses for not being able to help you.

分析: 该句是简单句。not being able to help you是动名词的否定形式。

译文: 对于未能帮助你,她总是有太多借口。

例句: She is considering not asking her mother to send her to the airport.

分析: 该句是简单句。not asking...作considering的宾语。

译文: 她正在考虑不让母亲送她去机场。

五、常接动名词作宾语的动词及动词短语

常见动词:

admit, advise, avoid, appreciate, acknowledge, allow, anticipate, consider, complete, contemplate(预期、企图),defer, delay, deny, detest(厌恶), dread, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, endure, fancy, favor, finish, forgive, facilitate(促进), imagine, include, miss, mind, mention, permit, postpone, practice, prevent, propose, quit, recall, resent(怨恨), resist, risk, suggest, understand

动词短语:

can’t help, give up, leave off(停止), look forward to, object to, put off, succeed in, aim at, insist on, persist in, stick to, be good at, do well in, depend on, feel like, be tired(afraid/capable) of, accustomed to, agree to, confess to(承认), submit to, see to, be(get/become) used to, devote oneself to, prefer...to, adapt(adjust) to, apply to

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