首页 > 范文大全

GRE阅读针对性解题思路分析

时间：2025年03月26日

来源：zzhztq

编辑：本站小编

收藏本文

下载本文

以下是小编为大家准备了GRE阅读针对性解题思路分析，本文共7篇，欢迎参阅。本文原稿由网友“zzhztq”提供。

篇1：GRE阅读针对性解题思路分析

GRE阅读针对性解题思路分析

GRE阅读不同篇幅文章数量介绍

在GRE考试中，长篇阅读的数量较少，基本上每个VERBAL SECTION都只会有一篇，而短阅读数量则相对较多，可能在3篇左右。而在具体题目数量上，一篇长阅读一般附带4道题，而短篇阅读则附带1-2道题，阅读部分题目数量占据GRE语文部分题数的一半左右。

1. GRE短阅读解题思路分析

短阅读如果只有一段，那么考生需要读懂文章的前两句，因为第一句很有可能是背景，读懂了对理解文章的中心帮助有限，第二句应该提到主旨;如果第一段全是背景的话，那就说明这个短阅读出题比较偏。如果短阅读分2、3段，第二段的第一句要仔细体会，很可能是文章主旨。

2. GRE长阅读解题步骤讲解

长阅读篇幅很多，但是也是有规律可循，因为每篇文章都有固定的行文规定。

1. 读了第一段，就应该知道作者说了什么。是提出一种现象并解释;还是提出一个观点并举例说明;还是提出流行观点然后质疑，并提出新观点。如果是反驳，反驳的是理论还是支持此理论的事例或实验?作者对所提出的这些观点抱什么态度等等。

2. 在看完第二句和第三句后，考生就应该知道此段的结构，比如是举例说明作者观点，还是分别驳斥作者反对的理论或是观点。继续读的过程中，大家要很快地读细节，能做到读完知道细节是什么，是一个实验,还是一个人的观点以及此人是谁等等。

3. 最后一段一般都包括作者的态度变化或是理论的提出。要读懂内容，就需要找关键词。在阅读时，大家要注意对关键词的挑选：表示观点态度的副词和形容词、理论观点中的关键名词等。无论什么题型，答案都在关键词附近。所以对关键词的印象很重要。

GRE阅读制胜法则：长句、难句重磅解析

1. The historian Frederick J. Turner wrote in the 1890's that the agrarian discontent that had been developing steadily in the United States since about 1870 had been precipitated by the closing of the internal frontier——that is,the depletion of available new land needed for further expansion of the American farming system. (4)

史学家弗雷德里克.杰.特纳(Frederick J.Turner)于十九世纪九十年代著述道，美国约自18世纪70年代以来一直在持续不断发展的农民不满，由于国内边远地区(internal frontier)的封闭而更趋加剧——亦即是说，美国农业系统进一步扩展所必需的可资利用的新土地几近耗竭。

难句类型：复杂修饰

解释：典型的句子套句子。主句是F.J.T. wrote that，宾语从句中主干是the agrarian discontent had been precipitated by the closing of the internal frontier,在从句的主语the agrarian discontent后面又来了一个定语从句。

意群训练：The historian Frederick J. Turner wrote in the 1890's that the agrarian discontent that had been developing steadily in the United States since about 1870 had been precipitated by the closing of the internal frontier——that is,the depletion of available new land needed for further expansion of the American farming system.

2. In the early 1950's，historians who studied preindustrial Europe (which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800) began, for the first time in large numbers,to investigate more of the preindustrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political and social elite:the kings,generals,judges,nobles,bishops,and local magnates who had hitherto usually filled history books. (4)

难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语

译文：二十世纪五十年代早期，研究前工业化时代欧洲(此处我们可将其界定为约自13至1800年这一时期的欧洲)的史学家，首次以众多的人数 (杨鹏的书中：第一次以大量的数据)，开始调查前工业化时代欧洲人口中的大多数，而非那些构成了政治与社会精英阶层的百分之二或三的人口，即国王、将军、法官、贵族、主教、以及地方上的达官显贵，而正是这部分人一直到那时为止普遍充斥于史学著作。

解释：句子中有两个插入语，一个是跟在preindustrial Europe之后的which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800,这个插入语的直接作用是解释前面的preindustrial Europe的年代，而起到的客观作用则是把主句中的主语和谓语分割得很远;第二个插入语是在began,for the first time in large numbers, to investingate中间，把一个好好的began to斩为两段。

这句话另外一个难以理解的地方是more of the preindustrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent,表示的是在工业化以前的欧洲人口中超过了那2%到3%的人，亦即占97%到98%的人民群众。

意群训练：In the early 1950's,historians who studied preindustrial Europe (which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800) began,for the first time in large numbers,to investigate more of the preindustrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political and social elite:the kings,generals,judges,nobles,bishops,and local magnates who had hitherto usually filled history books.

GRE阅读制胜法则：长句、难句重磅解析

1. Which of the following most probably provides an appropriate analogy from human morphology for the “details” versus “constraints” distinction made in the passage in relation to human behavior? (5)

以下哪一个选项最有可能为文章中所谈到的与人类行为有关的“人类行为细节”相对“人类所受限制”之间的差异，从人类形态的角度上提供了一个合适的类比?

难句类型：复杂修饰、抽象词

解释：本句子在所有GRE或GMAT阅读题的题干中是最难读懂的题干之一。本句不但结构复杂，而且用词抽象，使得读者如果想根据语义来搞清楚谁修饰谁，也变得极为困难。分析如下：本句的主干是Which of the following provides an analogy for the details versus constraints distinction? Versus是一个介词，等于against,即体育比赛中的VS。其他的所有成分均是一些修饰成分。其中一个对答题最重要的限制条件是from human morphology, 说明这种类比的比较双方所比的必须是人类形态上的特征。

意群训练：Which of the following most probably provides an appropriate analogy from human morphology for the “details” versus “constraints” distinction made in the passage in relation to human behavior?

2. A low number of algal cells in the presence of a high number of grazers suggested,but did not prove, that the grazers had removed most of the algae. (3+)

在存在大量食草动物的同时却只有少量的水藻花粉囊，这暗示出——但没能证明——食草动物已吞噬了大部分水藻。

难句类型：插入语

解释：本句主语很长，而且谓语suggested与that引导的宾语从句间被插入语but did not prove隔开，造成阅读障碍。当suggest与but did not prove连在一起使用的时候，其意思不是建议，而是指一种基于主观臆测的推理，中文翻译成“暗示”。其英文释义为：to call to mind by though or association the explosion suggested sabotage。GRE、GMAT及LSAT文章中，常用suggest,but do not prove来描述一种没有真凭实据、可能有问题的理论，然后在后面的叙述中把它否定掉。

意群训练：A low number of algal cells in the presence of a high number of grazers suggested，but did not prove, that the grazers had removed most of the algae.

GRE阅读

篇2：GRE阅读题型出题考点和解题思路分析指点

GRE阅读3大类题型出题考点和解题思路分析指点

GRE阅读题型思路分析：主旨题

主旨题是GRE考试中唯一带有主观色彩的题型，它考察你对文章大意和总体结构的把握能力。前面我们说过，GRE阅读涉及的内容非常广泛，考古，生物，文学和社会科学几乎无所不包。那么，是否就没有技巧可谈了吗?绝对不是。文章内容可能千差万别，但文章的写作方式却只有寥寥的两种，即记叙文和议论文。记叙文是对某一件事，某一个现象或者某一个人的描述，即对客观事物的纪录和叙述，其中没有或者几乎没有作者自己的观点。记叙文有时间顺序和空间顺序两种组织形式。而议论文是作者根据某一客观事物或观点发表自己的看法，并用例子或者理由来证明作者自己的观点。根据文章的内容，议论文可以分成立论和驳论两种。而根据文章的组织形式，议论文可以有3种组织结构，分别为：从具体到概括模式，从概括到具体模式以及递进模式。

在GRE阅读中，没有真正的记叙文。也就是说，阅读文章基本上都是议论文，作者总是试图让你接受他的某一个观点。在证明自己的观点时，作者总是应用一些例子，即论据。这些论据和论点之间的有机结合就成了典型的GRE阅读文章。

掌握主旨的技巧在于文章每个段落的第一句。标准化的考试决定了文章组织结构的严谨性，即条理清晰和结构完整。条理清晰表现为写作模式不是具体到概括模式就是概括到具体模式，或者递进模式，而且承上启下的过渡都出现在每个段落的第一句;结构完整表现为内容的完整性和单一性，即每一篇文章都能向你传达一个而且只有一个有意义的观点或者论点，不会让你读后感觉到不知文章所云为何物。

GRE阅读题型思路分析：细节题

细节题题是最简单的题型，但也是GRE阅读部分出现得最多的题型。只要你能定位原文，问题就迎刃而解。题目问的内容中都已经在原文直接提到，只是用同义词或者不同的语言组织改写而已。常见的改写方式有形容词与副词之间的改写，动词与动名词之间的改写。技巧在于寻找词根。

细节题题提问的是文章中的某个细节，如组织结构词(原因，特点)，学科术语，行业术语，比喻，符号或者具体的数字。只要你能准确定位，这些题都比较简单。

细节题还有一类类似的题目叫做暗示推理题，这是GRE阅读考试中较难的题型。如果说细节题要脑子转一次弯的话，那么暗示推理题就需要转两次弯。ETS包括所有的美国人将这称为一个人的Intelligent Ability,即智力。这种题在阅读题中出现的概率是0.3，每3道题中就会出一道，即大概每篇阅读出一道。

GRE阅读题型思路分析：列举题

列举，顾名思义，就是符合某种条件的几个例子，例子可以是某几个事件，动作，情况或者人物。列举题有两种形式，一种是列举非，它问你四个选项中哪一个原文中没有提及。应对的办法仍然是定位原文，然后采用排除法，直至找到正确答案。第二种列举题要你在四个选项种找出哪一个选项在原文中提及，应对的措施仍然是根据关键词定位。其实，列举题并不难，出现的概率也比较大，每篇阅读大概出现一题。

GRE阅读备考背景知识之迷惘的一代

GRE考试成绩是出国读研究生尤其是去美国读研究生必备的成绩之一，GRE阅读是GRE考试中的最重点的部分也是最难准备的部分，而GRE阅读中的文学又是考生们初步接触后挠头捶胸，瑟瑟发抖的部分，这也就能解释很多教GRE阅读的老师会建议考生阅读一些英文的文学名著作为备考的营养餐。

笔者认为这种赛前加练的方式效果未免来得太慢，宽泛的阅读也很难坚持。此外笔者在网上搜索GRE考试和英文文学，居然没有什么实质性的备考资料，所以作者通过系列文章一边介绍英文文学的几个重点时期，一边讲解与之相关的GRE阅读文章，希望能够给各位同学备考GRE阅读带来更有针对性的辅导。

“迷惘的一代”(The Lost Generation)，又称迷失的一代，是美国文学的一个极具特点的文学时期，其中的一个代表文学人物是佐拉·尼尔·赫斯顿(Zora Neale Hurston, 1891-1960)，代表作品《他们的眼睛望着上帝》(Their Eyes Were Watching God，1937);这个作品也是GRE阅读中被引用的最多的文学作品之一。佐拉·尼尔·赫斯顿(Zora Neale Hurston，1891-1960)，是20世纪美国文学的重要人物之一。她是小说家、黑人民间传说收集研究家、人类学家。她也生在美国南方，是 Harlem 文艺复兴时期的活跃分子。她毕生为保持黑人文化传统而奋斗，收集出版了黑人民间故事集《骡与人》及《告诉我的马》。赫斯顿还写了四部小说：《他们眼望上苍》《约拿的葫芦藤》《摩西，山之人》《苏旺尼的六翼天使》。其中《他们眼望上苍》是她最受欢迎的作品，是黑人文学中第一部充分展示黑人女子内心女性意识觉醒的作品，在黑人女性形象的创造上具有里程碑式的意义，被公认是黑人文学的经典作品之一。

集女作家、民俗学家、人类学家于一身的佐拉·尼尔·赫斯顿一生致力于本民族的传统文化遗产的收集、整理和保护。她对自己的非洲裔美国人的身份非常骄傲和自豪，否认自己有既是美国人又是黑人的“双重意识”的困惑。她拒绝把黑人当成美国社会的“问题”，拒绝把黑人描写成种族歧视制度下产生的畸形儿。她在作品中深刻地揭示了当时黑人社区内存在的鄙视自己黑皮肤的黑人种族主义思想对黑人灵魂的腐蚀，力图唤醒黑人对自己身份的肯定和热爱。然而，哈莱姆文艺复兴的高潮过去以后，以理查德·赖特为代表的黑人“抗议文学”成为当时黑人文学的主流，赫斯顿及其作品被湮没在美国文学的尘埃里无人问津.直到20世纪60年代的黑人权利运动兴起，以及黑人民族主义意识的唤醒，赫斯顿才在一片荒冢中被重新发现。实际上，赖特式的“抗议”与赫斯顿式的“赞美”只是非裔美国人在美国社会求得生存的既矛盾又统一的两种策略。

GRE阅读备考背景知识之美国文学及历史事件

早期美国文学

1620-18，这段时期的主要历史事件(包括历史学家普遍达成共识)

1)早期定居：16第一个殖民地詹姆斯敦(Jamestown)建立;1607年，英国人来到北美大西洋沿岸，开始建立第一个殖民地弗吉尼亚经过不断的发展，到18世纪30年代，英国人已在北美大西洋沿岸建立了13个殖民地。在此期间大批移民移居北美，其中大多数是英国人，所以直到今天，英国和美国都有着千丝万缕的各种联系，美国和英国的地名也有着惊人的重复率，当然也有不少来自欧洲其他国家，此外还有不少从非洲贩运过来的黑奴。他们为北美的开发做出了重要贡献。

2)1620年 “五月花号”(”May Flower”)，该事件不光出现在GRE阅读中，托福里也出现过。

3)1775-1781年，北美爆发独立战争，1776年7月4日大陆会议通过了由托马斯·杰斐逊执笔起草的《独立宣言》，宣告了美国的诞生。1783年9月3日，英王代表与殖民地代表于凡尔赛宫签订巴黎条约，英国正式承认美利坚合众国成立。在这一时期，美国的主要文学代表人物有：安妮·布雷兹特里特(Anne Bradstreet, 1612-1672)，美国文学中第一位重要的女诗人，《沉思》(“Contemplations”, 1678)，本杰明· 富兰克林(Benjamin Franklin, 1706-1790)，代表作《自传》(The Auto biography, 1771-1790)，菲利斯· 惠特利(Phillis Wheatley 1754-1784)，黑人女诗人，代表作《不同题材的诗歌，宗教的与道德的》(Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral, 1773)。

浪漫主义时期

1820-1865年，美国文艺复兴时期又称新英格兰文艺复兴(New England Renaissance)。指1830年代左右到南北战争结束的一段时期，这一时期美国文学日趋成熟，成为一种反映民族精神的文学。美国文艺复兴被认为是浪漫主义的继续，尤其在爱默生的超验主义(Transcendentalism)哲学中得到展现。

这时美国文坛由一批新英格兰作家所主宰，其中著名的有华盛顿·欧文(Washington Irving, 1783-1859)，代表作品，《见闻札记》(The Sketch Book, 1819-20)，詹姆斯·费尼莫·库柏(James Fenimore Cooper, 1789-1851)，代表作品《皮袜子五部曲》(Leatherstocking Tales): 纳蒂·班波(Natty Bumppo)《开拓者》(Pioneers, 1823)、《最后的莫希干人》(The Last of the Mohicans, 1826)等5部。拉尔夫·沃尔多· 爱默生(Ralph Waldo Emerson, 1803-1882)，代表作品《论自然》(Nature, 1836)，亨利·大卫·梭罗(Henry David Thoreau, 1803-1862)代表作品《沃尔登湖》(Walden, 1854)，埃德加· 爱伦· 坡(Edgar Allan Poe,1809-1849) 诗人、短篇小说家、文学评论家。侦探小说之父。代表作品《乌鸦》(“The Raven”, 1844)《厄舍古屋的倒塌》(“The Fall of the House of Usher”, 1839);纳撒尼尔·霍桑(Nathaniel Hawthorne, 1804-1864)《红字》(The Scarlet Letter, 1850);赫尔曼·麦尔维尔(Herman Melville, 1819-1891)，代表作品《白鲸》(Moby-Dick, 1851);沃尔特· 惠特曼(Walt Whitman,1819-1892)代表作品《草叶集》(Leaves of Grass, 1855,1856, 1860-1861)

现实主义和自然主义时期

1865-19，这一时期美国文学的时代背景是收到南北战争(1861-65年)的影响及战后重建时期(Reconstruction)和西进运动 (West Movement)的影响，内战结束后，美国赶上了工业化发展的最后一班车，随着工业化进程加快和垄断资本主义形成，人们的传统生活方式收到全面的冲击。

这一时期美国的代表作家有爱米莉·迪金森(Emily Dickinson,1830-1886)，这是一位独特的女诗人，孤独的一生，奇特的风格，写过1775首诗。威廉·迪恩·豪威尔斯(William Dean Howells, 1837-1920)，美国现实主义文学的倡导者和奠基人之一。伟大的马克·吐温(Mark Twain, 1835-1910)，代表作《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》(The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, 1886)一生旅居欧洲的亨利·詹姆斯(Henry James, 1843-1916)小说家、文学批评家。代表作品《黛西· 米勒》(Daisy Miller, 1897)使节》(The Ambassadors, 1903)自然主义小说家西奥多·德莱赛(Theodore Dreiser, 1871-1945), 代表作品《嘉莉妹妹》(Sister Carrie, 1900)

两次大战期间

这一时期是美国文学的第二次繁荣，其背景包括垄断资本主义和现代资本主义文明的冲击第一次世界大战的影响，1920年代美国经济的繁荣1929-1930年代的大萧条，现代主义思潮，马克思主义和“红色的三十年代”，以及弗洛伊德心理学对美国的影响。这一时期美国文坛的代表人物包括：威拉·卡瑟 (Willa Cather, 1873-1947)代表作品：《我的安冬尼娅》(My Antonia,1918);T.S. 艾略特(T.S. Eliot, 1888-1965)，代表作品《荒原》(The Waste Land, 1922)。

“迷惘的一代”(The Lost Generation)，又称迷失的一代，是美国文学评论家格特鲁德·斯坦因提出的第一次世界大战到第二次世界大战期间出现的美国一类作家的总称。他们共同表现出的是对美国社会发展的一种失望和不满。他们之所以迷惘，是因为这一代人的传统价值观念完全不再适合战后的世界，可是他们又找不到新的生活准则。他们认为，只有现实才是真理，可现实是残酷的。于是他们只能按照自己的本能和感官行事，竭力反叛以前的理想和价值观，用叛逆思想和行为来表达他们对现实的不满。关于“迷惘的一代”的来源，海明威在他的散文中提到过。当时格特鲁德·斯坦因小姐使用的T型福特车的发火装置出了故障，车行里那位当过兵的小伙子在修理斯坦小姐的旧车时技术不熟练，而且工作态度也不够认真，斯坦小姐提出抗议后，车行老板狠狠地批评了他。这位老板对他说：“你们都是迷惘的一代。” 于是斯坦因小姐回去之后就对海明威说 “你们就是这样的人。你们全是这样的人，你们所有在战争中当过兵的人。你们都是迷惘的一代......你们不尊重一切，你们醉生梦死......别和我争辩，你们就是迷惘的一代，与车行老板说得一模一样。“ 后来，海明威把这句话作为他第一部长篇小说《太阳照常升起》的题词，“迷惘的一代” 从此成为这批虽无纲领和组织但有相同的创作倾向的作家的称谓。这一时期的代表作家可谓人才济济，斯各特·菲茨杰拉德，代表作品《了不起的盖茨比》(The Great Gatsby, 1925)欧内斯特·海明威，代表作品《永别了，武器》(A Farewell to Arms,1929);威廉·福克纳(William Faulkner,1897-1962 )，代表作品《喧哗与骚动》(The Sound and the Fury,1929);尤金·奥尼尔(Eugene O’Neill, 1888-1953)，戏剧家，1936年获诺贝尔文学奖代表作品《榆树下的欲望》(Desireunder the Elms, 1924);佐拉·尼尔·赫斯顿(Zora Neale Hurston, 1891-1960)，代表作品《他们的眼睛望着上帝》(Their Eyes Were Watching God，1937);理查德·赖特(Richard Wright, 1908-1960)，代表作《土生子》(Native Son, 1940)。

战后美国文学

1945-今，这一段时期的时代背景包括：第二次世界大战的影响，冷战时期：麦卡锡主义，同时期进行的民权运动、妇女解放运动、学生运动、反战运动、反文化思潮、环保运动，科学技术发展中美国的突破，如人类登月、计算机的发明等，美国当时社会兴起的存在主义，后现代主，多元文化与复数的美国文学共存。

这一时期的代表作家包括J. D. 塞林杰(J.D. Salinger, 1919-)，代表作品：《麦田里的守望者》(The Catcher in the Rye, 1951);拉尔夫·埃利森(Ralph Ellison, 1914-1994)，代表作品《看不见的人》(Invisible Man, 1952);爱伦·金斯伯格(Allen Ginsburg, 1926-)，代表作品《嚎叫》(Howl, 1956);杰克·凯鲁亚克(Jack Kerouac,1922-1969)，代表作品《在路上》(On the Road, 1957);索尔·贝娄(Saul Bellow, 1915-)，代表作品奥吉·玛奇历险记》(The Adventures of Augie March, 1953);托尼·莫里森(Toni Morrison, 1931-)《娇女》(Beloved,1987)。

英语阅读

篇3：最优雅思阅读解题思路分析

最优雅思阅读解题思路分析适合自己的大约是最好的

雅思阅读疑难问题1. 先看文章还是先看题目?

这里提到的看文章，指的是通读全文。做题前，到底需不需要先看完整篇文章呢?

同学纠结的是，不看完整篇文章理解不透，怎么做题?可是看完了整篇文章，未必有充足的时间做题，怎么办?

其实这个问题但凡新烤鸭都要涉及，只是不会一开口就给定论，因为每个人都不一样，所谓的好方法不一定适合每一个人。开课时，我会稍微介绍一下雅思阅读考试，然后给学员一篇文章练手，请他们用自己的，无论什么方法，在20分种内尽量去完成这些题目，同时观察他们的表现——速度、正确率。我觉得这些能很好地帮助我了解他们——尤其是新成员——的基本情况，比如词汇量、文法等等，然后再根据他们的完成情况来给出不同的意见。

如果学员用自己的方法完成得很好，无论他们先看文章还是先看题目，我觉得都不重要。我会请他们坚持自己的做法，不必介意孰先孰后。因为别人的方法不管多好也都是别人的，只有自己的方法才能用得最顺手。比如，寒假班就有一个女生，她就是先看完整篇文章才做题的，速度很快，而且最终阅读单科取得了满分。而暑假班有一个男生，他就是先看题目再去做题的，速度也很快，最终阅读也考了满分。倘若自己有方法，又能保证效率和精确率，何必介怀我的做法与别人的不同呢?

不过，如果你没有那么厉害的词汇量、不凡的理解力，而且根据自己的方法做得不如意，或者自己根本就没有概念应该怎么做，then we are ready to help you. 做阅读题时，大部分的学员在有限的时间内，如果先看完文章再做题目通常无法高效、准确地达到目的，而且大多数题目并不需要通读全文。鉴于此，建议大部分同学直接看题目，再根据题目中的定位词有针对性地去文中搜索答案，以达到省时、精确的目的。

雅思阅读疑难问题问题2. 做题前是否要看每个段落的首末句?

既然不需要通读全文，那么有些老师就会建议同学在做题之前，先预览一下每个段落的首末句，以达到了解全文大意的目的。

能迅速、精确地理解每段首末句固然可贵，但不一定所有同学都能办到。

事实是，很多同学看句子很慢，而且理解得不那么轻松，就算坚持把每段的首末句都看完，也不一定能理解到位。尤其是雅思阅读考试，不是所有的文章都有考到List of Headings等主旨题的，不少文章都是考细节的题目，就算看了首末句也未必能帮助我们解题。而对于各位考生而言，解题才是首要任务。再则，理解全文大意真的需要这么大费周章吗?理解了全文标题不也可以办到?请看例子：

Cambridge 5 Test 2 Passage 3 ‘The Birth of Scientific English’

Cambridge 5 Test 3 Passage 3 ‘The Return of Artificial Intelligence’

看了这两篇文章的题目能马上明白全文大意和主要方向吧?

这个太简单?换一个!找篇题目是生词的文章：

Cambridge 8 Test 1 Passage 3 ‘Telepathy’

很多人不认识这个词，怎么办?看导语或者首段，通常会对标题进行解释。所以一看标题下方的导语‘Can human beings communicate by thought alone?’有没有马上清楚文章的走向?

所以，对于理解句子不是特别专长的同学，做题的时候可以略去这个步骤，改为理解文章的框架，也就是标题，插图或是首段等等。

雅思阅读疑难问题3. 先做填空类的还是选择类的题目?

雅思阅读的题型总体可以归为两种：填空类和选择类。

填空类，比如摘要题summary, 句子填空题sentence completion, 简答题short-answer questions以及图表题diagrams;

选择类，比如段落大意题list of headings, 选择题multiple choice, 是非无判断题TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN, 还有各种匹配题matching。

在熟悉了各种题型后，有些同学也许会发现自己的薄弱题型，有些同学可能还没有明确的概念。一些老师建议同学考试的时候先做填空类的题目，我认为这个建议可圈可点，考虑到有些同学在单位时间内根本做不完题目，那么如果先做填空题会相对减少一点风险，毕竟到最后一分钟，如果剩下的是选择类题型，还有机会蒙，如果剩下的是填空题，岂不是连蒙的机会都基本没有了?所以，个人认为，对于填空题还比较擅长但速度上不去的同学而言，这是个不错的建议。

不过，那些做填空类题目并不太擅长的同学要慎用上面的建议，因为时间要花在刀刃上。试想一下，如果我们在时间比较充足的情况下，却把大部分时间浪费在我们做不对的题目上，而导致选择类题目有可能做对，却全交给命运来蒙，是不是太遗憾了呢?

在单位时间内保证正确率是最重要的，所以，我建议同学们先做自己擅长的题型，不管哪一种。

雅思阅读疑难问题4. 是否要按照文章或者题目的排列顺序做题呢?

大家都知道，雅思阅读大部分的套题中，文章的难度系数都是递增的，所以是不是做题的时候按顺序从第一篇做到第三篇比较好呢?或者说一开始把第三篇先做了，迎难而上?

不知道各位有没有注意到，几乎每次看考生在考试后写的考试回顾，总会看到有同学说这次阅读题好难，也会有同学回忆这次阅读题好简单。这很正常，因为每个人对于难度的理解是不一样的，从专业的角度来看也许挺难的，可有一些同学就是刚好就对了。就好像看歌唱比赛，有时观众觉得唱得特别好的却被专家否决，观众觉得不怎么样的却挺进前几名甚至拿下冠军。有时候并不是比赛不公正，只是因为我们还不够专业，不能抓住要领罢了。所以就算第三篇阅读比较难，也会有一些同学觉得so so, 而且三篇未做完之前，大家根本就不能保证一定是第三篇最难还是最简单。有时候我们觉得第三篇特别难或许只是因为考试时间快结束了，心里特别紧张使得题目的难度无形中加大，所以不如调整好心态，给每篇文章尽量充足的时间。

所以我经常在上课的时候说，如果考试的时候，大家速度还没那么快，那可以接受自己每篇都有几道题做不出来，但是不能接受前面全做了，到最后一篇几道题还来不及看时间已经到了。听起来好像效果是一样的，但是过程却有很大不同。每篇都有几道题没做出来，是因为我们看了，可是不会(要么单词不懂，要么定位不到，要么句子不能理解透)，不管什么原因，碰到这种情况建议果断跳过蒙个答案，就算错了也不可惜;可是剩余题目没来得及看就被宣判死刑，我们怎么知道我们一定做不出来呢?

至于题目顺序，我倒是觉得先做哪道题是无所谓的，我们的目标只有一个：在有效的时间内尽快做对我们能应付得来的题目。所以，如果第三题能先找到，为什么一定要拘泥于题目的序号，从第一题开始做呢?

来给大家举个例子：

Cambridge 4 Test 3 Passage 3 ‘The Return of Artificial Intelligence’

Questions 32-37

32. The researchers who launched the field of AI had worked together on other projects in the past.

33. In 1985, AI was at its lowest point.

34. Research into agent technology was more costly than research into neural networks.

35. Applications of AI have already had a degree of success.

36. The problems waiting to be solved by AI have not changed since 1967.

37. The film : A Space Odyssey reflected contemporary ideas about the potential of AI computers.

比如上面这几道题，我们知道判断题大多为顺序题型，而33、36题中分别有数字1985和since 1967; 37题中有斜体2001: A Space Odyssey, 如果利用这些特征，先做这三题是不是能更快速找到答案?然后在33和36中间找34、35题，在33题前面找32题，会不会更容易呢?为什么一定要从头开始做呢?

雅思阅读素材积累：A Drier and Hotter Future

While I was reading William deBuys's new book, A Great Aridness, two massive dust storms reminiscent of the 1930s raged across the skies of Phoenix and of Lubbock, Texas. Newspapers blamed them on the current drought in the West, which is proximately true. But what ultimately is causing this drought, and why would any drought produce such terrifying clouds of dust? The answer is that they may be portents of a more threatening world that we humans are unwittingly creating. As deBuys explains, “Because arid lands tend to be underdressed in terms of vegetation, they are naturally dusty. Humans make them dustier.”

Agriculture is the main reason for those dust storms—the clearing of native grasslands or sagebrush to grow cotton or wheat, which die quickly when drought occurs and leave the soil unprotected. Phoenix and Lubbock are both caught in severe drought, and it is going to get much worse. We may see many such storms in the decades ahead, along with species extinctions, radical disturbance of ecosystems, and intensified social conflict over land and water. Welcome to the Anthropocene, the epoch when humans have become a major geological and climatic force.

DeBuys is an acclaimed historian turned conservationist in his adopted home of the Southwest. A Great Aridness is his most disturbing book, a jeremiad that ought to be required reading for politicians, economists, real-estate developers and anyone thinking about migrating to the Sunbelt. In the early chapters he reports on the science of how and why precipitation and ecology are changing, not predictably but in nonlinear ways that make the future very uncertain and dark. In later chapters he visits ancient pueblo ruins left behind by earlier civilizations that were destroyed by drought, and he follows the grim trail of migrants crossing the border from Mexico, stirring up a controversy that climate change can only exacerbate. The book is an eclectic mix of personal experience, scientific analysis and environmental history.

Smoke as well as dust is spoiling the southwestern skies. As deBuys points out, forest fires are getting much bigger. In June the Rodeo and Chediski fires erupted on Arizona's Mogollon Plateau, soon merging into a single conflagration that consumed nearly 500,000 acres. It was Arizona's largest fire—until the Wallow Fire eclipsed it in June . Another devastating effect of climate change has been the explosion of bark beetles among western pines, which in turn contributes to the new fire regime; in , dead trees covered 2.6 million acres in Arizona and New Mexico. Could anything be more demoralizing than the sight of green forests turned a grisly brown, then bursting into flame and left charred and black?

Even more depressing than declining forests are mountains bare of snow. When future springs arrive, the sound of running water will be much diminished. The biggest environmental catastrophe for the Southwest, already our most arid region, is losing the melting runoff from snowpacks into rivers, canals and irrigation ditches. An ominous chapter in the book examines the future of the Colorado River, which for decades has been the “blood” of the Southwest's oasis civilization. In the 1920s Americans divided the river between upper and lower basins, allocating to each a share of the annual flow. California, which contributes almost nothing to the river, sucks up the largest share of any state, spreading it across the Imperial Valley's agricultural fields and diverting the rest to Los Angeles. Years ago policy makers assumed that the river carried about 17 million acre-feet of water per year—that is, enough water to cover 17 million acres to a depth of one foot. They overestimated, as people tend to do when hope and greed outrun the facts. Now comes a drier and hotter future, when the Colorado River will carry even less water—perhaps as little as 11 million acre-feet.

Tim Barnett and David Pierce of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography estimate that to adjust to a sustainable level of supply, consumers of Colorado River water will have to get along with 20 percent less water than they use today. That is still a lot of water to lose, but the loss may not be catastrophic. Urban users are already conserving about as much as they can per capita. Farmers, on the other hand, who consume about 80 percent of the western water supply, including in California, are wasting much through inefficient management and low-value crops. Half of the water goes to raise alfalfa to feed cattle, and much of the rest evaporates or soaks into the sand. If some of agriculture's share could be diverted to cities, there might be enough to sustain the current population. Rural communities would decline, some lucky farmers would retire with a potful of money, and the public would have to figure out where to get its lettuce, tomatoes, oranges and meat. The cost of water would go up dramatically, and those without money would go thirsty and leave. New hierarchies would take the place of old ones.

Thirty million people now depend on the Colorado River. Perhaps they can manage to adjust to a diminished flow and to declines in domestic food supplies and hydroelectric power. But more people are on the way: Demographers calculate that the population of the Southwest may increase by 10 or 20 million between now and 2050. Some of those people will come from other parts of the country, some from Mexico and Central America, and some from other nations that are coping poorly with their current problems or are overwhelmed by climate change. Whatever their origin, the new arrivals will go to the familiar oases, hoping to find the good life with a swimming pool and a green lawn.

Developers are eager to make money by selling homes to these newcomers. The political and economic culture of the Southwest is dead set against any acknowledgment of limits to growth. In the last few chapters of the book, deBuys shows that even now those in power refuse to accept any check to expansion; business must be free to do business. Others say that they are helpless to stop the influx: Patricia Mulroy, general manager of the Southern Nevada Water Authority in Las Vegas, declares, “You can't take a community as thriving as this one and put a stop sign out there. The train will run right over you.” Her solution is to create an expensive “straw” to extract water from a shrinking Lake Mead, drawing on the “dead pool” that will be left below the intakes for generating electricity. She doesn't have the money to build that straw right now, but she is working hard to keep her improbable city from drying up and becoming a casualty like ancient Mesopotamia. Similarly, Phoenix continues to issue building permits helter-skelter and counts on “augmenting the supply” of water sometime in the future. But where will the state and city go for more supply, and how will they bring it cheaply over mountains and plains to keep Phoenix sprawling into the sunset?

DeBuys gathers enough scientific evidence to make a convincing case against that growth mentality. A similar case could be made against growth in the rest of the United States, although in the East the threat may be too much water, not too little, and too many storms, not too much smoke and dust. The past warns us that ancient peoples once failed to adapt and survive. Will theirs be America's fate? Perhaps. But past human behavior may not be a reliable indicator of how people will behave in the future. If the environment is becoming nonlinear and unpredictable, as deBuys argues, then human cultures may also become nonlinear and unpredictable. No other people have had as much scientific knowledge to illuminate their condition. What we will do with that knowledge is the biggest imponderable of all.

篇4：太行谷阅读试题及解题思路分析

阅读下文，完成后面的题目。（17分）

太行谷

聂怀贵

⑴一只苹果的色彩和曲线，自然是一种美，而把它切开来的剖面，将把你带入另一种美的意境。这是我穿越太行大峡谷时，心中生发出的一枝联想。站在山脚下仰视或登上山顶俯瞰，蜿蜒险峻，秀美雄奇，都是山势表象的一种浅读。只有深入峡谷，才可能走进山的内部世界，倾听到山的阴柔心韵。

⑵太行山，从《愚公移山》的历史传说起，就以高大威猛的身影贴近我，我承认了他是一个父亲的形象。当我在一个秋日步入太行大峡谷时，突然觉得沐浴在一片母性的光芒里。

⑶深秋的太行峡谷，花淡叶瘦，树简枝疏。两壁峭岩上的树木，不时被山谷的风吹动，落叶如蝶，在水面闪闪烁烁。一只红尾巴的小鸟，飞上飞下，箭来箭去，与其说是在不厌其烦地丈量太行山的高度，不如说是在向我们反复诠释峡谷的深彻和隐秘。有意思的是，这种珍奇之鸟，我在九寨沟也曾见到过。九寨沟是极少有飞鸟和其他动物出现的，况且九寨沟与太行山，一个在川西，一个在晋东南，南北自然条件差异巨大，这只鸟在展现生命力强劲的同时，分明也暗示了“峡谷”和“沟”之间某种相通之处。

⑷太行峡谷，是一个峡谷群：黑龙潭，青龙潭、八泉峡，红豆峡、万佛山、紫团山……深秋季节，前不久降了一场雨，山无寒意，各峡的水却丰沛肥茂。滔滔峡水，若一根根脐带，牵动着我的脚步，更牵动着我的想象。沿了峰回岩转的太行峡谷一路走去，忽而如坠一筒深彻的古井，井口惟见一丝半缕的云影流过；忽而又被裹夹进一道弯曲的山缝，天空窄如一线星光；忽而柳暗花明，眼前一片朗然开阔，无限明媚……如果山有阴阳之分，那么峰峦为阳，雄性气质彰显；峡谷属阴，女性特征昭然。走在太行大峡谷，一种回归母体的神圣感和敬穆感，久久地在我心中激浪回荡。峡谷的阴柔，托起山石的阳刚；峡谷的幽邃，映出山体的伟岸；峡谷的垂直深度，一定是岩壁如切如削的高度……

⑸走出黑龙峡，谷口有民居俨然排列，遂择一家叩门而入。问知，在此处住一宿仅需十元钱，风味饭菜极是便宜。我便与同行之友相约，明年一定来这里住些日子。说话间，民家灶台锅里的面条煮开，女主人真心实意地留我们吃饭，我们回之以感动的谢绝。她送出我们，忽然想到什么，转身又进到屋子，捧出一大把鲜鲜红红的山楂，说是刚从院子里那株树上摘下来的，要送给我们路上吃。从她那每道皱纹都流动着慈祥的脸上，我读出了久违的母爱，甚至，在一个漫长的瞬间，她几乎幻化成了我母亲的模样。

⑹一只圆润柔美的苹果，是一度春秋的结晶；一道深邃如历史的峡谷，因包容亿万年时光的雕造，积淀了母性般博大厚重的慈爱……

小题1:根据全文内容，分点概括太行谷的特点。（4分）

小题2:联系上下文，揣摩下面句子中加点词语的表达效果。（4分）

沿了峰回岩转的太行峡谷一路走去，忽而如坠一筒深彻的古井，井口惟见一丝半缕的云影流过；忽而又被裹夹进一道弯曲的山缝，天空窄如一线星光……

小题3:本文主要是写太行谷，为什么在第（5）段中还要写谷口民居的女主人？（4分）

小题4:选文开头、结尾都提到了苹果，有什么表达效果？（5分）

参考答案：

小题1:深彻和隐秘（1分），阴柔和幽邃（1分）、母性般博大厚重的慈爱（2分）。

小题2:“坠”，往下沉，生动形象地写出了峡谷的垂直深度（2分），“裹”生动形象地写出了人被山谷包围的情形（2分）。

小题3:写谷口民居的女主人的实诚、好客、热情，以这种“母爱”的光辉衬托山谷的博大厚重（2分）。由山谷写到人，拓宽了文章思路，丰富了太行谷的内涵，深化了文章主题。（2分）

小题4:开头提苹果，以苹果两个角度的美引出下文对太行谷母性形象的顿悟（2分）。结尾提苹果，是以苹果的圆润柔美是一度春秋的结晶，衬托太行谷的积淀深远，突出它博大厚重的慈爱，点明中心（2分）。首尾呼应，使文章结构圆合（1分）。

小题1:

试题分析：（3）、（4）、（5）段分别描绘了峡谷的三个特点，抓住“反复诠释峡谷的深彻和隐秘”、“ 峡谷的阴柔，托起山石的阳刚；峡谷的幽邃，映出山体的.伟岸；峡谷的垂直深度，一定是岩壁如切如削的高度……”和“我读出了久违的母爱”或第6段中“积淀了母性般博大厚重的慈爱……”即可明确答案。

小题2:

试题分析：解答题目时，先解释词的意思，再结合前后文来回答其表达作用。如解答本题，“坠”是“往下沉”，而文中把在山谷中行走到笔直的峭壁之间比喻成掉进一筒深彻的古井，就形象生动地写出了峡谷的垂直深度；“裹”是“用东西包起来”，在这儿描绘出了人被山包围的情形。

小题3:

试题分析：要结谷口民居的女主人的特点对表现文章主题的作用和写作手法来回答。从对女主人的叙述来看，她实诚、好客、热情，这儿与前文“觉得沐浴在一片母性的光芒里”相呼应；从写法上看，由景到人，拓宽了思路，丰富了内容，深化了主题。

小题4:

试题分析：解答此类题目，看到开头、结尾都提到了同一事物，那就能明确首尾呼应，结构上完整（圆和）；句子在开头，往往有“引出下文”或“总领下文”的作用；句子在结尾，往往有“点明主旨”或“升华主旨”“深化中心”的作用。如解答本题，抓住开头“一只苹果的色彩和曲线，自然是一种美，而把它切开来的剖面，将把你带入另一种美的意境”一句可得出是从苹果两个角度的美来引出下文的内容；品味最后一段，可明确其的含义和表达效果；再从结构上的作用回答即可。

篇5：GRE阅读难点题型取非题解题思路实例分析

GRE阅读难点题型取非题解题思路实例分析

一、排除题的解题方法

1.精确定位排除法：

将选项精确的在文中定位，找出选项和阅读文章中的对应关系，注意选项中的同义代换与原文是否对应。有时会出现这样的情况，选项中有四个是和题目的关键词定位在一个段内的，但其中一个选项却定位在了另一个段落内，那么这个选项就是答案。

注意：正确答案一般是作者在文中明确反对过的，或者是根本未提到，再或者就是定位的段落未提到的(选项的关键词落在别的段落)说法。

2.强对比排除法：

如果题目中是关于A的提问，但是原文中没有直接给出与A相关的描述。不过，文中出现了与B相关的特征描述，而B呢正好是与A形成强烈对比的对象。那么我们只需要把B的特征取非就可以得到答案了。一般文章中会出现unlike，in contrast to, compared with,阅读的过程中遇到该类别的关键词注意要做笔记。

3.无关信息排除法:

如果某一个选项和文章大意没有关系或者根本没有提到过，那么它一定就是正确答案了。因此，在阅读的过程中要留意文章每段的中心意思，理出文章的写作思路，以此来作为细节判断的依据。

如果能够将题目定位到某一段，那么就可以用该段的TS(Topic Sentence 主题句)来进行排除，和TS无关的就是正确选项。

二、实例讲解

下面是一道长阅读的第一段：

In large part as a consequence of the feminist movement, historians have focused a great deal of attention in recent years on determining more accurately the status of women in various periods. Although much has been accomplished for the modern period, premodern cultures have proved more difficult: sources are restricted in number, fragmentary, difficult to interpret, and often contradictory. Thus it is not particularly surprising that some earlier scholarship concerning such cultures has so far gone unchallenged. An example is Johann Bachofen’s 1861 treatise on Amazons, women-ruled societies of questionable existence contemporary with ancient greece.

1.识别重要信息，做标记

在读的过程中我们注意到上文出现了典型的并列成分(标志：冒号，“A, B and C结构”)，读到后马上做记号。

中文翻译：

在很大程度上，由于女权主义运动(feminist movement)的缘故，史学家近年来汇聚了大量的注意力，来更为准确地确定妇女在各个历史时期的地位。虽然对现当代的研究成就斐然，但古代文化的研究要证明更为困难：资料来源数量有限，支离破碎，难于解释，且经常互相矛盾。因此，人们并不特别惊讶地发现，有关这些古代文化的早期学术研究迄今为止听凭其流传下来，而未遭到质疑。其中一个实例就是约翰·巴霍芬(Johann Bachofen)1861年论述亚马孙人(Amazons)的论文，而所谓亚马孙人，即那些由女性统治的社会，其难置可否的存在与古希腊时值同期。

2.例题解析

不出所料，后文果然出现了except题:

All of the following are stated by the author as problems connected with the sources for knowledge of premodern cultures EXCEPT

(A) partial completeness

(B) restricted accessibility

(D) limited quantity

(E) tendency toward contradiction

通过”premodern cultures”或者“problems with sources”定位到上文中相关部分。5个选项都比较眼熟，一下子无法通过TS找出与原文没有关系的选项，也没有出现强对比。因此，选用精确定位排除法来进行解答，找出选项和原文的对应关系。

我们可以发现A选项partial completeness与fragmentary对应，说明资料来源的支离破碎(不完整性)，C选项difficulty of interpretation与原文的difficult to interpret对应，两者几乎都没有进行改写，只有词性的改变。D选项limited quantity与原文restricted in number相对应。E选项tendency toward contradiction与原文的contradictory相应。只有B没有找到相对应的并列成分。因此答案选B。

三、排除题相关的语言现象：列举、并列成分和冒号

1. 列举

所谓列举，就是在文章中出现对某一对象的几个特征进行的逐条描述，比如first,...,second..., third... 遇到这样的语言现象赶紧做好标记，因为这个语言现象经常会考except题。

2. 并列成分

比如X includes A, B and C,这里的A B C就是句子的并列成分。这种结构也常考排除题。通常是有4个选项分别约ABC等成分相对应，而其中有一个成分找不到对应，或者是与原文意思不符。

3. 冒号

冒号后面也常会出现列举现象，因此，遇到的话一定要标出来。后面的内容可以大致浏览或者不看。

以上就是关于GRE阅读中常见的排除题的解法介绍和讲解，大家可以发现，只要掌握合理科学的解题方法，再加以练习，其实GRE阅读并不难解决，希望大家都能从上文有所收获，在GRE阅读考试中获得高分。

新GRE阅读练习题

The Environmental Protection Agency must respond to the hazard to children's health posed by exposure to asbestos fibers released in the air in school classrooms. Since it is impossible to close school buildings, the best plan would be to initiate programs that mandate the immediate removal of asbestos from all the school buildings that are found to contain asbestos, regardless of whether or not the buildings are in use.

Which of the following, if true, is the strongest reason for the Environmental Protection Agency not to follow the plan outlined above?

(A) The techniques available for removing asbestos often increase the level of airborne asbestos.

(B) Schools are places where asbestos is especially likely to be released into the air by the action of the occupants.

(C) Children exposed to airborne asbestos run a greater risk of developing cancer than do adults exposed to airborne asbestos.

(D) The cost of removing asbestos varies from school to school, depending on accessibility and the quantity of asbestos to be removed.

(E) It is impossible to determine with any degree of certainty if and when construction materials that contain asbestos will break down and release asbestos fibers into the air.

答案：A

新GRE阅读练习题

Aedes albopictus, a variety of mosquito that has recently established itself in the southeastern United States, is less widespread than the indigenous swamp mosquito. Both the swamp mosquito and A. albopictus can carry viruses that are sometimes fatal to humans, but A. albopictus is a greater danger to public health. Each of the following, if true, provides additional information that strengthens the judgment given about the danger to public health EXCEPT:

(A) Unlike the swamp mosquito, A. albopictus originated in Asia, and larvae of it were not observed in the United States before the mid-1980's.

(B) Unlike the swamp mosquito, A. albopictus tends to spend most of its adult life near human habitation.

(C) Unlike swamp mosquito larvae, A. albopictus larvae survive in flower pots, tin cans, and many small household objects that hold a little water.

(D) In comparison with the swamp mosquito, A. albopictus hosts a much wider variety of viruses known to cause serious diseases in humans.

(E) A. albopictus seeks out a much wider range of animal hosts than does the swamp mosq-uito, and it is more likely to bite humans.

答案：A

新GRE阅读练习题

In the country of Laurelia, legal restrictions on the sale of lock-picking equipment were relaxed ten years ago, and since then Laurelia's burglary rate has risen dramatically. Hence, since legally purchased lock-picking equipment was used in most burglaries, reintroducing strict limits on the sale of this equipment would help to reduce Laurelia's burglary rate.

Which of the following, if true, gives the strongest support to the argument?

(A) Laurelia's overall crime rate has risen dramatically over the last ten years.

(B) There is wide popular support in Laurelia for the reintroduction of strict limits on the sale of lock-picking equipment.

(C) The reintroduction of strict limits on the sale of lock-picking equipment in Laurelia would not prevent legitimate use of this equipment by police and other public safety officials.

(D) Most lock-picking equipment used in Laurelia is fragile and usually breaks irreparably within a few years of purchase.

(E) The introduction five years ago of harsher punish-ments for people convicted of burglary had little effect on Laurelia's burglary rate.

答案：D

篇6：GRE阅读3大类题型出题考点和解题思路分析指点

GRE阅读3大类题型出题考点和解题思路分析指点

GRE阅读题型思路分析：主旨题

GRE阅读题型思路分析：细节题

GRE阅读题型思路分析：列举题

以上就是小编为各位考生整理的关于GRE阅读考试的几大题型介绍，希望考生积极做好备考工作，及时调整好状态，争取在GRE阅读考试中取得理想的成绩!

GRE阅读练习每日一篇

Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it be analyzed in a religious, as well as secular, frame of reference. The appropriateness of such an approach may seem self-evident for a tradition commencing with spirituals and owing its early forms, rhythms, vocabulary, and evangelical fervor to Wesleyan hymnals. But before Wagner a secular outlook that analyzed Black poetry solely within the context of political and social protest was dominant in the field.

It is Wagner who first demonstrated the essential fusion of racial and religious feeling in Afro-American poetry. The two, he argued, form a symbiotic union in which religious feelings are often applied to racial issues and racial problems are often projected onto a metaphysical plane. Wagner found this most eloquently illustrated in the Black spiritual, where the desire for freedom in this world and the hope for salvation in the next are inextricably intertwined.

17. The primary purpose of the passage is to

(A) contrast the theories of Jean Wagner with those of other contemporary critics

(B) document the influence of Jean Wagner on the development of Afro-American poetry

(D) indicate the importance of Jean Wagner’s analysis of Afro-American poetry

(E) present the contributions of Jean Wagner to the study of Black spirituals

18. All of the following aspects of Afro-American poetry are referred to in the passage as having been influenced by Wesleyan hymnals EXCEPT:

(A) subject matter

(B) word choice

(D) structure

(E) tone

19. It can be inferred from the passage that, before Wagner, most students of Afro-American poetry did which of the following?

(A) Contributed appreciably to the transfer of political protest from Afro-American poetry to direct political action.

(B) Ignored at least some of the historical roots of Afro-American poetry.

(C) Analyzed fully the aspects of social protest to be found in such traditional forms of Afro-American poetry as the Black spiritual.

(D) Regarded as unimportant the development of fervent emotionalism in a portion of Afro-American poetry.

(E) Concentrated on the complex relations between the technical elements in Afro-American poetry and its political content.

Two relatively recent independent developments stand behind (stand behind: 后援, 做后盾) the current major research effort on nitrogen fixation, the process by which bacteria symbiotically render leguminous plants independent of nitrogen fertilizer. The one development has been the rapid, sustained increase in the price of nitrogen fertilizer (nitrogen fertilizer: 氮肥(料)). The other development has been the rapid growth of knowledge of and technical sophistication in genetic engineering. Fertilizer prices, largely tied to the price of natural gas, huge amounts of which go into the manufacture of fertilizer, will continue to represent an enormous and escalating economic burden on modern agriculture, spurring the search for alternatives to synthetic fertilizers. And genetic engineering is just the sort of fundamental breakthrough that opens up prospects of wholly novel alternatives. One such novel idea is that of inserting into the chromosomes of plants discrete genes that are not a part of the plants’ natural constitution: specifically, the idea of inserting into nonleguminous plants the genes, if they can be identified and isolated, that fit the leguminous plants to be hosts for nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Hence, the intensified research on legumes.

Nitrogen fixation is a process in which certain bacteria use atmospheric nitrogen gas, which green plants cannot directly utilize, to produce ammonia, a nitrogen compound plants can use. It is one of nature’s great ironies that the availability of nitrogen in the soil frequently sets an upper limit on plant growth even though the plants’ leaves are bathed in a sea of nitrogen gas. The leguminous plants—among them crop plants such as soybeans, peas, alfalfa, and clover—have solved the nitrogen supply problem by entering into a symbiotic relationship with the bacterial genus Rhizobium; as a matter of fact (as a matter of fact: adv.事实上), there is a specific strain of Rhizobium for each species of legume. The host plant supplies the bacteria with food and a protected habitat and receives surplus ammonia in exchange. Hence, legumes can thrive in nitrogen-depleted soil.

Unfortunately, most of the major food crops—including maize, wheat, rice, and potatoes—cannot. On the contrary, many of the high-yielding hybrid varieties of these food crops bred during the Green Revolution of the 1960’s were selected specifically to give high yields in response to generous applications of nitrogen fertilizer. This poses an additional, formidable challenge to plant geneticists: they must work on enhancing fixation within the existing symbioses. Unless they succeed, the yield gains of the Green Revolution will be largely lost even if the genes in legumes that equip those plants to enter into a symbiosis with nitrogen fixers are identified and isolated, and even if the transfer of those gene complexes, once they are found, becomes possible. The overall task looks forbidding, but the stakes are too high not to undertake it.

20. The primary purpose of the passage is to

(A) expose the fragile nature of the foundations on which the high yields of modern agriculture rest

(B) argue that genetic engineering promises to lead to even higher yields than are achievable with synthetic fertilizers

(D) explain the reasons for and the objectives of current research on nitrogen-fixing symbioses

(E) describe the nature of the genes that regulate the symbiosis between legumes and certain bacteria

21. According to the passage, there is currently no strain of Rhizobium that can enter into a symbiosis with

(A) alfalfa

(B) clover

(D) peas

(E) soybeans

22. The passage implies that which of the following is true of the bacterial genus Rhizobium?

(A) Rhizobium bacteria are found primarily in nitrogen-depleted soils.

(B) Some strains of Rhizobium are not capable of entering into a symbiosis with any plant.

(D) Rhizobium bacteria cannot survive outside the protected habitat provided by host plants.

(E) Rhizobium bacteria produce some ammonia for their own purposes.

23. It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following was the most influential factor in bringing about intensified research on nitrogen fixation?

(A) The high yields of the Green Revolution

(B) The persistent upward surge in natural gas prices

(D) The mechanization of modern agriculture

(E) The environmental ill effects of synthetic fertilizers

24. Which of the following situations is most closely analogous to the situation described by the author as one of nature’s great ironies (lines 28-32)?

(A) That of a farmer whose crops have failed because the normal midseason rains did not materialize and no preparations for irrigation had been made

(B) That of a long-distance runner who loses a marathon race because of a wrong turn that cost him twenty seconds

(D) That of a motorist who runs out of gas a mere five miles from the nearest gas station

(E) That of travelers who want to reach their destination as fast and as cheaply as possible, but find that cost increases as travel speed increases

25. According to the passage, the ultimate goal of the current research on nitrogen fixation is to develop

(A) strains of Rhizobium that can enter into symbioses with existing varieties of wheat, rice, and other nonlegumes

(B) strains of Rhizobium that produce more ammonia for leguminous host plants than do any of the strains presently known

(C) varieties of wheat, rice, and other nonlegumes that yield as much as do existing varieties, but require less nitrogen

(D) varieties of wheat, rice, and other nonlegumes that maintain an adequate symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria and produce high yields

(E) high-yielding varieties of wheat, rice, and other nonlegumes that are genetically equipped to fix nitrogen from the air without the aid of bacteria

26. The author regards the research program under discussion as

(A) original and extensive but ill-defined as to method

(B) necessary and ambitious but vulnerable to failure

(D) prohibitively expensive but conceptually elegant

(E) theoretically fascinating but practically useless

27. Most nearly parallel, in its fundamental approach, to the research program described in the passage would be a program designed to

(A) achieve greater frost resistance in frost-tender food plants by means of selective breeding, thereby expanding those plants’ area of cultivation

(B) achieve greater yields from food plants by interplanting crop plants that are mutually beneficial

(C) find inexpensive and abundant natural substances that could, without reducing yields, be substituted for expensive synthetic fertilizers

(D) change the genetic makeup of food plants that cannot live in water with high salinity, using genes from plants adapted to salt water

(E) develop, through genetic engineering, a genetic configuration for the major food plants that improves the storage characteristics of the edible portion of the plants

答案：17-27：DABDCEBCDBD

篇7：英语四级六级阅读考点分析及解题思路

一、重新审视大纲要求

要求考生阅读若干篇短文。每篇短文后有若干个问题。考生应根据文章内容得出最佳答案。

选材原册

1、题材广泛，可以包括人物传记、社会、文化等方面，但是所涉及的背景知识应能为学生所理解;

2、体裁多样，可以包括说明文、议论文等;

评析：

在备考中，应该练习多题材的文章，包括生活话题、经济类话题、环境话题，以及还有热点话题等，熟悉各种题材的文章结构和作者的表述，特别要关注议论文的结构模式，把握议论文的逻辑顺序。

阅读理解部分主要测试下述能力

A.辨别和理解中心思想和重要细节

1、理解明确表达的概念和细节、文章的总体结构以及句子和段落的关系评析：细节题的考查方向

2、理解隐含的表达意思(如判断、推理和总结等)评析：推论题的考查方向

3、理解所读材料的主旨和大意(如找出能概括全文的要点等)评析：主旨题的考查方向

4、理解作者的观点和态度评析：态度题的考查方向

5、理解词语(如根据上下文猜测词和短语的意思)、句间关系(如原因、结果、目的等)

评析：猜词题的考查方向

二、阅读过程四步走

1、扫描题干，划出关键词。选项不要看，用时越短越好。

2、通读全文，抓住中心。

3、仔细审题，返回原文。关键：定位。

定位的三大原则：

(1)关键词定位原则：由题干出发，寻找题干中的关键词，首选大写字母、数字等，其次是表时间地点人物的词。

(2)自然段定位原则：出题顺序与文章段落顺序大体一致。

(3)出题点定位原则：答案一定蕴涵在有特殊标点符号、句式列举、强转折逻辑关系的地方。

4、重叠选项，斟酌答案。

(1)缩小范围的是答案。

(2)扩大范围的不是答案。

(3)原文和选项有交叉内容的不是答案。

(4)不相关的不能选。即，只要选项中有文章中未出现内容就错。注意，将文章中的每一个选项带回文章一一查对，不要凭印象猜测。

三、根据考纲解题型

(一)五大解题思路

题型一――细节题

1、标志：针对6w1h提问

2、作题的关键在于返回原文，不要凭印象作题，返回原文要有定位意识。

3、细节题迷惑选项的常用手段：偷换概念、扩大范围、正反混淆、颠倒因果、常识判断(列举和文章无关的常识，尽管常识是对的，但文章中未提，也是错的)

题型二――猜词题

形式一：词汇题

1、标志：在题干中明确指出原文的单词或词组，要求辨其意。

2、关键：该单词认识与否并不重要，重要的是该单词的上下文。

3、做题方法：在文章中寻找同义词词组;代入替换法。

形式二：指代题

1、标志：在题干中明确指出原文中某个代词，要求辨别其指代关系，即it, that, one

2、做题方法：(1)首先返回原文定位此指代词，90%向上，10%向下，搜索其指代的词、词组或句子。(2)在四个选项中找出一个同意表达作为答案。

形式三：句子理解题

1、标志：在题干中明确指出原文中的某句话，要求理解其意思。

2、关键：返回原文，对出题句进行语法、句法、词法的分析，精确了解其含义。

3、注意：重要的不是上下文，而是该句本身。正确答案与原文是同义关系，与原文其他无关联，选项一般无绝对的判断，有绝对判断的则必错。

题型三――推论题

1、标志：infer imply

2、整体思路：每个选项都列举了文章的一个事实(或错误事实)，我们要找的是哪一个符合原文。

3、如果四个选项之中都没明确提到，那么与原文意思最接近，所用推理步骤最少的就是正确答案。

4. 尤其要重视话中有话的陈述句或比喻句或反语或长难句，这些地方一般是分散列举题出题所在。

题型四――态度题

1、标志：attitude

2、作者态度只分三类(1)支持，赞同，乐观(2)客观，中立(3)反对，批评，怀疑，悲观。除此之外没有其他作者态度。有些选项一定不是答案indifferent, subjective(主观), biased, puzzling等

3、识别作者态度有以下方法;(1)依据中心句推论(2)当作者态度未明确提出时，要找文章中带有褒贬意义的词(3)根据所举例子的正负来判断，只提一方，则不中立;两方均提，不管例子有多少，是否平衡，都中立。

题型五――主旨题

1、标志：best title, main idea, main problem, conclusion, best title, the writing purpose。

2、方法：(1)要着重理解首末段，首末句(2)若主旨在文章中间出现或前后段意转折时，应提高警惕(3)若段中出现转折时，该转折句很可能就是主题句 (4)作者有意识重复的观点往往是主旨(5)首段出现疑问句时，对该疑问的解答就是主旨(6)主旨出现时常伴有如下词：but, however, therefore, in short

3、选项特点：(1)正确选项一般不含细节信息，并不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词(2)错误选项的特点是就事论事，或细节信息鲜明，或过于笼统。

(二)微观阅读助理解

微观阅读之一――标点的运用

冒号：前后是从抽象到具体的过程，如把冒号前的看懂，则后面的不看。

分号：分号前后是并列关系，只看其中一句即可。

破折号：破折号之后是补充说明成分时跳过不读。

引号：引号有三个作用，引语，反语，强调。知道观点则引语不看，反语反看。

括号：括号有两个作用，补充说明，解释说明生词。

微观阅读之二――长难句的解析

1、从句又多又长，一主带多从。应对方法：先抓主干，找出长难句中最核心的主谓宾，再层层扩展，理解。

2、主句或从句中带有长长的插入成分。应对方法：读句子时先找主干，不要理会插入语。如果插入语交代说话人身份或某话是谁说的，或修饰、解释、补充前面所言，跳过不看。

3、分词状语或独立主格的干扰。应对方法：主句最重要的特征是有完整的主谓宾结构，有独立的谓语。一个看似句子的结构，如果没有独立的谓语，那它不是句子，而是分词状语或独立主格。