对数函数教案学案一体化

篇7：《再见了，亲人》教案学案一体化设计

《再见了，亲人》教案学案一体化设计

篇8：人教新高二教案学案一体化unit5-6

Unit 6 Life In the Future

Teaching aims and demands

话题 1．Talking about life in the future2．Making predictions

词汇 prediction exact forecast trend contemporary indicate urban ensureconsumer reform goods purchase tiny cash remain importancemedical deal physician cure biochemistry educator distance hopefulwrist require programme(v) reality absurd

keep in touch with…pay attention to deal with in store

功能 猜测、假想(Making predictions)We can only guess．．．No one can predict what／when．．．Just imagine if．．．It's Ipossible／impossible to predict…It would be wonderful if．．．It would be bad for…if…

语法 名词性从句(Noun clause)(2)1．主语从句How we should use modern technology is a big issue．2．宾语从句They are careful about what they eat．3．表语从旬The problem is how we can develop transportation without polluting the environment.

LISTENING TEXT：

Parlt 1

Hello!Greetings from tlle future!My name's Mekanika and I live in me year 3044．Well，that’s what yon would can it．We can it the year 58 AL．AL means“After Leaving”．You see，58 years ago，people on the earth decided that they had to do something to save the people on the planet．There were so many people on the earth，and there was so much pollution，that the only way to keep the planet from dying was to send people into space.My family was one of the chosen ones.About one third of the earth’s population was left back home, and the rest of us went into space.We are now living in a new city on the planet Mars.Life here is very nice,and we are happy in our home.We still keep in touch with the people on earth and some of us go back home are doing their best to clean up the plant.My grandparents and parents tell me about the earth and it sounds like a beautiful place .when my scientice teacher told me that we could use our school’s time machine to send messages to the past,I want to send one to you and tell you about life here.

Part 2

Every morning，I have to get up at two o’clock.That probably sounds very strange to you，but，you have a different time system here．We divide into eight parts．Two o'clock in the morning here on Mars is almost like six o’clock on earth.I eat breakfast with my family before I go to school. The food here is different from your food：we eat pills and drink juice to stay healthy.My history book says that you ate something called bread and even ate meat from other animals!That sounds very strange to me．We don't eat any animals here and I’ve even seen bread．At three thirty I catch the schoo1 spaceship and fly to class．We don't have schoo1s and

classrooms．We meet our learning guides(you called them teachers)in different places and solve problems together．I love schoo1．My friends are wonderful and I like to think about the world in new ways．I also like creating things with my mind box (you called it a computer)．I’m very interested in what you call‘‘painting”and“singing”．Can you please tell me more about what they are?I’ve read about your life in my history book，but it’s difficult to understand how you lived such a long time ago．Could you please write to me and teⅡme about your life?Thank you．I have to get back to work．I have a test in Marsgeography next week，so I need to prepare for it．

Best wishes，Mekanika

AnSwers to Par-t 1：

1 3044(or 58 AL)．

2 Mekanika lives on Mars．

3 They had to leave because the population was growing too large and there was too much pollution．

4 She is writing the letter because her science teacher asked her to send a 1etter to the past．

Answers to Part 2：

Time Food School Transportation

Mekanika's life One day is divided into eight parts．Twoo'clock in the morningon Mars is like sixo'clock on earth． People eat pills anddrink juice． There are no schoool orclassrooms．Studentsmeet their 1earningguides in differentplaces and solveproblems together． Mekanika flies toclass in the schoo1spaceship．

Our life One day is 24 hour. We eat meat，fruitsand vegetables． We study in sch00lsand classrooms andwe leam from booksand teachers． We go to schoo1 onbikes or by bus．

阅读本单元课文，完成下列各题：

§1．1细枝末节

(Passage 1)

1 What may lead to changes in the way diseases are cured and medicines are made?

A．Healthy diet and active 1ife．

B．Eating and exercises．

C．Advances in medical science．

D．New discoveries in genetics and biochemistry．

2 What's the meaning of the future transportation in Paragraph 2?

A．No pollution． B．High speed．

C．Safety． D．All of the above．

(Passage 2)

3 What does an e-friend can do in the future

A．It can helD us with our homework．

B．It can walk and talk with us．

C．It can clean up rooms．

D．All of the above mentioned．

4 What can we see in the year 3044 when we use a cell-phone showing pictures?

A．We can see the picture of the person who speaks to US．

B．We can recognize the voice．

C．We can see a lifelike model of the person．

D．We can hear if they are happy，sad，interested，etc．

5 In the year 3044，using computer，programmes can_____.

A．copy the world and people

B．send old-fashioned e-mails

C．help you to make an e-friend

D．travel back in time and visit friends

§1．2主旨大意

6 What does the last paragraph of Passage 1 mainly talk about?

A．E-learning． B．Knowledge．

C．Efforts． D．Education．

7 What's the main idea of Passage 2 ?

A．Life in the year 3044 and life in the 21st century are quite dIfferent．

B．E-friends can help us do everything．

C．We don't need to meet again in the year 3044 because of the computer．

D．None of the above．

§1．3推理判断

8 From Passage 1，what can we conclude?

A．Life in the future can be predicted in the way of exam-

ining the major trends at present．

B．Life in the future won't be imagined by us at present．

C．Life in the future w．1l last for ever．

D．Life in the future can be completely controlled by computer．

9 What can we infer from Passage 1 ?

A．There wIll be no schools for us to be educated．

B．In the future we will have no diseases．

C．Life in the future will be towards perfect．

D．The importance of computer in the future life．

10 What can we infer from Passage 2 ?

A．Mekanika lives a lonely life．

B．Life in the year 3044 makes Mekanika feel happy．

C．Mekanika doesn't do anything in the year 3044．

D．Mekanika welcomes us to the year 3044．

重点难点讲解

1．How will people communicate in the future?

(1)communicate作“传递”：communicate．．．to sb．

eg：He communicated his intention to me．他把他的意向告诉了我。

(2)communicate作“交往，交际”，communite with… eg：

we can communicate with people in most parts of the world by phone．

(3)communicate的名词是：communication，意思是“交流”，“沟通”，“通信，联络”，其形容词是：communicative“爱说话的，直言不讳的”

eg：Language is a major means of communication，but communication between people who speak different language is difficult．虽然语言是主要的交际工具，可是语言不相同的时候，沟通起来就十分困难了。

He is a communicative person．他是位直言不讳的人。

2．What happened to the people on the earth?地球上的人发生了什么事情?

(A) happen to sb．发生于……身上

eg：She hoped nothing bad would happen to her．

(B) happen to do碰巧(偶然)…eg：

I happened to see him on the street．我碰巧在街上见到他。

(C) on the earth”在地球上”相对于其他星球而言。

eg：The sun is much hotter than any fire on the earth．

(D)in the earth“在地里，在地下”

eg：There is much oilin the earth．地下有大量的石油。

(E)on earth有以下五种用法：

(1)“在人世间，在世界上”相当于 in the world,一般用于肯定句中。

Unexpected things always happen on earth．

(2)“在陆地上,在地面上”,这时和天空(sky)或天(heaven)相对,冠词可有可无。

eg：And it was one of the few man-made objects on earth that could be seen by the astronauts who landed on the moon．它是登上月球的宇航员所能看到的地面上为数不多的人造物之一。

(3)“到底，究竟”常与who，what，when，where，how，why等连用，以加强语气，含有惊奇、愤怒、敬佩等感情色彩。

eg：How on earth did you know it?你到底是怎么知道这件事的

(4)用在形容词或副词最高级后以加强语气。

eg：The Yangtze River is one 0f the longest rivers on earth．长江是世界上最长的河流之一。

(1) 作“全然，一点也不”解，用于否定句，以加强语气。

eg：Nothing on earth could make him change his mind．

无论什么也不能使他改变注意。

In the winter some animals hide______

A．in the earth B．on earth

C．on the earth D．at the earth

3．It would be bad for society if people had doubles…．如果人们有替身，那会对社会有害的.这是一个虚拟语气句子，其中if people had doubles为非真实条件状语从句。英语中，表示在说话人看来实现可能性很小的将来事态，或表示与现在事态相反的主观设想时，运用虚拟语气。其主句的谓语动词用would／could／might／should后接动词原形，

条件状语从句的谓语动词用过去式形式(动词是be时，一律用were)。 eg：He would visit us if he were in town．

If Richard worked hard next term，he might pass the exam．

【拓展】当表示与过去的事态相反的主观设想时，主旬谓语动词would／could／might／should后接完成式形式，条件状语从句的谓语动词用过去完成式形式。

eg：We would have called you if we had known your telephone number．If you'd told me，I'd have paid him of course．

1．If he _____here earlier。He____ not miss the train．

A．comes：will B．came；will

C．came；would D．comes；would

2．They would not___in the last exam if they__very hard．

A．fail；studied B．have failed；had studied

C．failed；have studied D．fail；had studied

4.交际用语讲解

用于表示预测的日常交际用语

It would be wonderful if…如果……那太好了

It's possible／impossible to predict．．．

预测……是可能的／不可能的

Just imagine if…想像一下如果……

It would be bad for．．．if．．．如果……那对于太糟了……

No one can predict what／when,．．没有人能预测……

We can only guess．．．我们只能猜测……eg：

It would be wonderful if I can join your club．‘

如果我能加入你们的俱乐部那太好了。

It is possible for me to go there next week．

下星期我有可能去那里。

It is impossible to predict the weather correctly without modern equipment．

没有现代设备准确预报天气是不可能的。

It would be bad for those farmers if it rains tomorrow．

如果明天下雨那对那些农民太糟了。

Can you imagine him becoming famous as an actor?

你能想像他成为一个名演员的情形吗?

Don't imagine I can lend you money every time you need it．

不要认为你需要钱时，我便会借给你。

It is very___that，in many schools，they are going to spend less time in the classroom than they used to．(，上海，)

A．possibly B．probably

C．1ovely D．1ikely

5. glimpse v: catch a glimpse of=get a glimpse of=have a glimpse of瞥见，一瞥

eg：I only caught a glimpse of the thief，so I can't really describe him．我只瞥见那窃贼一眼，所以说不出他的面貌。

【拓展】glimpse u．瞥见，看一眼

eg：I glimpsed her among the crowd j ust before she disappeared from sight．就 在她消失前的一刹那，我在人群中瞥见了她。

6．indicate．point to；point out；make known；

(1)指出，指示(point to)eg：I asked him where my sister was and he indicated the shop opposite．我问他我姐姐在哪里，他指指对面的商店。

(2)表示

eg：He indicates his willingness with a nod of his head．

他点头表示愿意。

(3)(以手势、指示灯等)指示

eg：He is indicating left．他指示车将要向左拐弯。

7．ensure保证；担保；保护，常用于

ensure sb．sth．，

ensure sb．against sth．或

ensure that-clause结构。

eg：This pill will ensure you a good night's sleep．

His recommendation will ensure me a job．

I can't ensure that she will be chosen as May Queen．

We should ensure ourselves against all possible risks．

(英译汉)_____________________________________________

8 remain

(1) 作“保持，依然”解。是连系动词，后接形容词、名词、过去分词或介词短语作表语。

eg：He remains poor all his life．

If you won't eat，you'll just have to remain hungry．

He became a doctor but his brother remained a farmer．

The work remained unfinished．。

The visit will always remain in my memory．

(2) remain也可作“遗留，剩下”解，是不及物动词，不能接宾语，也不用被动语态。

eg：If you take 3 from 8，5 remains．

如果把8减去了3，还剩下5。(八减三得3／)

The children ate and ate until no food remained on the table．

(3)remain还可作“留下，逗留”解。是不及物动词。

eg：I will remain to see the end 0f the match．

How many weeks will you remain(=stay)here?

(3) remain + to do连用，意思是“尚待”。

eg：Nothing remains to be said．无话可说。

It remains to be seen whether he will pass the test．

他能否通过这次考试仍不得而知。

【警示】(1)remain的名词形式有两种：remains意思是“剩余，残留物，等，remainder(常与the连用，单复数同形)，意思是“剩余的人(物)，其他的人(物)”

eg：(2)remain的形容词形式为remaining意思是“剩下的”，在句中作定语。

eg：This is my remaining property．我剩下的财产就是这。

(1)Because he is very lazy and has no job，his life__very poor．

A．still B．remains

C．is remained D．is left

(2)，The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the______.

A．20 dollars remained C．remained 20 dollars

B．20 dollars to remain D．remaining 20 dollars

9 cure vt． 治愈；治疗

eg：This medicine will cure your headache．这药能治好你的头痛。

A few days’rest will cure you．休息几天你的病就会好的。

常构成短语；cure sb．of“治愈某人的……病；改掉某人的……恶习”：

The doctor cured him 0f cancer．医生治愈了他的癌症。

It seems that nobody can cure me of smoking．似乎没有人能使我戒烟。

n.治愈；治疗法

eg：His complete cure can't be expected．他完全恢复健康遥不可期。

他已改掉喝酒的习惯。(汉译英)

____________________________________________________

10．1ead to

(1)引起、造成、导致，+ 名词、代词或动名词

eg：His carelessness led to the accident．他的粗心导致了这次事故。

(2)通过，通向……eg：All roads lead to Rome．条条大路通罗马。

(3)lead sb．to／into／across／through领某人到／进入／越过／穿过……

eg：He led us to the room upstairs．他领我们到了楼上的那个房间。

I led the blind man across the street．我领那个盲人越过街道。

【拓展】

lead a quiet(happy／hard)life过着安静(快乐，艰苦)的生活

give sb．1ead给某人做榜样

take the lead in…在……方面领先

hold／lose the lead保持／失去领先地位

11 The way we view learning and knowledge is also changing．我们看待学习和知识的方法也在变化。

(1)we view learning and knowledge作定语修饰the way，可省略that／in which .eg：I like the way(that／in which)／the pop star acted on the stage． 。

(2)in this way用这种方法，手段

in a way在某种程度上，有点

You're correct in a way．从某种程度上看，你是对的。

in no way绝不

12．promise．允诺，答应：

(A)make a promise作出承诺break a promise违背诺言

carry out a promise履行诺言

I made a promise to give him a picture-book．我答应给他一本图画书。

(B)promise sth．，promise sb．sth．结构

eg：I want you to promise me one thing．我想要你答应我一件事。

(C)promise sb．to do sth．或promise that从句

eg：You must promise me to take a good rest．你必须答应我好好休息。

(D)promise作为不及物动词有“有……的希望，预示……”之意。

eg：The clouds promise rain．乌云预示着下雨。

promising adj．有希望的，有前途的eg：

He is a promising young man．他是一个有前途的年轻人。

针对性训练：’

1.Henry______to attend the meeting on time but he still doesn't turn up．

A．would promise B．has promised

C．promised D．had promised

2.Careless driving____an accident in the future．

A．permits B．shows

C．promises D．means

13．require要求，命令。

(A) require sth．of sb．

(B) require sb．to do

(C)quire that从句(句中用should+ do，should可省略)

eg：All the members are required to attend the meeting．

The court required that he(should)pay the fine．法庭要求他支付罚金。

【警示】require需要；可加名词／代词；require +doing..=require + to be done..，这时动名词是主动形式，但含有被动意义.此时句子主语必须为事或物

eg：This wall requires repairing=This wall requires to be repaired．

requirement，z．要求eg：meet one's requirements符合某人的要求

【拓展】demand，request，require这三个动词都有“要求；需要”之意，但其含义和结构有所有同。

(1) demand主语是人时表示坚决要求，坚持要做某事；主语是物时指迫切需要，其后可接名词、代词、动词不定式或从句，从句用虚拟语气，即谓语用should加动词原形。

eg：He demands to see you．他要求见到你。

She demands a meeting tonight．她要求今天晚上开会。

I demand that one of you(should)go there at once．我要求你们中的一个人马上去那儿。

(2) request意为“恳求；请求”，指通过正式手续提出的要求，口气和缓，态度礼貌。其句型有request sth．(from／of sb．)，request sb．to do sth．和request that从句，从句用虚拟语气

eg：All I request of you is that you should come on time．

我所要求的是你按时来。

Mr Smith requested that his daughter(should)leave here．

史密斯请求他女儿离开这里。

(3)require表示按照法规，权利提出的要求或命令、，指客观需要，含缺此不可之意。其句型有require sth．；require(of)sb．to do sth．；require that从句(从句用虚拟语气)，require doing(主动表被动)和require to be done ：

1．This radio doesn't work．It requires______

A．repairing B．repaired

C．being repaired D．to repair

2．My mother demanded that I____smoking．

A．gave up B．gives up

C．to give D．give up

14．for the first time，the first time

(1)for the first time第一次，初次(介词短语：在句中作状语)

eg：Tom heard of such a thing for the first time in his life．

(2)the first time．．．第一次……时(用于引导时间状语从句)

eg：I remembered John the first time I saw him．

(2) It is／was the first(second．．．)time that…(that引导的定语从句，从句中用现在完成时或过去完成时)

eg：This is the first time that I have been abroad．

15.This company promises that consumers who have been cheated by it can get twice their money cheek．这家公司保证被它欺骗的消费者可以得回两倍的钱。倍数表达法：

(1)…倍数+the size(weight／height／width／length．．．)of+…

eg：That house being built there is 3 times the height of this old one．

正在被修建的那个房是这所旧房的三倍。

The desk is 4 times the length of the box．这张课桌的长度是个那盒子的四倍。

(2)…倍数+比较级+that+…

eg：The number of students in their school is three times larger than that in ours．他们学校学生数量比我们学校多三倍。

(3)…倍数+as +adj／adv．(原级)+as+…

eg：Asia is 4 times as large as Europe．亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。

(4)…倍数+as+many+n．(可数名词复数)+as...

eg：We got 3 times as many people as we had planned．我们买的书是我们原先 计划的3倍之多。

(5)…倍数+as+much+n．(不可数名词)+as…

eg：The book cost me 3 times as much money as the one I bought in Beijing last year．这本书的价钱是我去年在北京买的那本的3倍之多。

重难点针对性训练：

Americans eat ______vegetables per person today as they did in 1910．

A．more than twice B．as twice as many

C．twice as many as D．more than twice as many

16．Company n．

(1)友谊，交情，陪伴[U]

eg：We will be glad of your company 0n the journey．旅行中有你陪伴我们会很高兴。

(A) in company(with)陪伴某人，和……在一起

(B) keep sb．company=keep company with sb．

陪伴某人，和……在一起

He kept me company．他陪伴我。

(2)伴侣，同伴[U]

eg：I have company this evening．今晚我有客。

公司[c]eg：We organized a publishing company．

【拓展】

part company(with)和某人分手，断绝来往

in the company of在……陪同下

17．recognize．

(1)认出；认识，识出，辨出，(能)认出

eg：Do you recognize his handwriting?你能认出他的笔迹吗?

(2)承认(事实)，认清，确认

eg：They refused to recognize a new government．他们拒绝承认新政府。

【拓展】

① recognize as…认出是……

eg：The tune was recognized as the one from the musical．

那首曲子被听出是取自音乐喜剧。

② recognize．．as承认是……

eg：We aU recognized him as a famous writer．

③ recognize sb．to do承认……

eg： They recognized him to be a great leader．

他们承认他是伟大的领袖。

④ be recognized as被承认是，被看作是

eg：He wasn't recognized as a great writer until after his death．

直到他死后才被看作是一位伟大的作家。

【警示】recognize为非延续性动词，不能与表一段时间状语连用。

比较recognize，know，realize．meet

①recognize辨认出，通常指原来熟悉，认识，经过一段时间的间隔或别的原因后，现在重新认出，是瞬间动词，不能用完成时态，不跟时间段，且不能与again连用。

eg：I didn't recognize you just now．刚才我没有认出你。

②know知道，熟悉，了解，延续性动词，指对某人、物非常熟悉或了解较多。

eg：We didn’t know what to do next．我们不知道下一步该做什么。

③realize思想、意识上认识到

eg：He realized that he was wrong．他意识到自己错了。

④meet指初次相识或被介绍认识某人eg：I'm glad to meet you．认识你很高兴。

18.clean up

(1)彻底扫除；清理

eg：It's your turn t0 clean the kitchen up．轮到你打扫厨房啦。

(2)发大财，赚(一大笔钱)eg：He cleaned up a fortune playing cards．他玩牌捞了不少钱。

19．This may sound absurd to you，but if you think about it a little，it may not seem so strange after a11．这可能听起来很滑稽，但如果你再想一想，它可能就不那么奇怪了。

after all

(1)“毕竟”，置于句首，提示或强调可能被人忽视的事实或论点，作为说服对方的理由 eg：Don't be afraid after alI，no one can recognize you here．别害怕，毕竟这儿没人能认出你。

(2)after aIl还可作“终究，终归，到底”讲，置于句末，表示语气上的转折：

I was tired and walked more slowly，but got home after a11．

我很累，走得更慢，但终归还是到家了。

19．Major adj．主要的；重大的；较大的；严重的

n． 主修课程；主修……的学生；少校

v. 主修；专攻(后接介词in)

His major feld is economics．他的主要研究方向是经济学。

He majored in English．他主修英语专业。

=His major is English．

=He is an English major．

The scientific exploration team was 1ed by t11e

A．major B．main C．chief D．most (C)

20．develop n发展；形成；发育；染上；冲洗

He developed aJl interest in collecting stamps．

Can these 6lms be developed by tomorrow noon?

We should try to develop the western part 0f our country．

Plants develop from seeds．

-Why do these photos look so_______?

-The film was not______in the right way．

A．black：washed B．dark；developed

C．bad：printed D．wrong；worked

[解析]wash指水洗，而胶片要用药水显影；照片黑并不是指颜色黑，而是曝光不足。 [答案]B

21, reform vt,n.改革；改良；悔改

与reform相关的一些术语有：

the reform and open policy 改革开放政策

democratic reforms 民主改革

land reform 土地改革

reform oneself 改过自新

22,goods n .商品。货物. goods无单数形式，不能用数词或many等来修饰；作主语时，配用复数动词

There are lots 0f good goods in the supermarket．

Look! There___only___goods on the shelf.

A．is；two pieces of B．is；two piece of

C．are；two pieces of D．are；two piece of

[解析] 综观考题及选项，可知本题着重考察goods作主语时与之搭配的谓语形式。由左边解释知，谓语应用复数，排除A、B两项，又“two”与“pieces“搭配，排除D项，two pieces 0f goods两件货物。[答案] c

23. purchase，n.购买。购置物. Vt,购买

It's really a good purehase!

I have some purehases to make in town．

It was the most extravagant purchase I have ever made．

24, regular.adj.有规律的，定期的,习惯性的,除以上常用义外，regular还有以下意思：

regular teeth整齐的牙齿(整齐的，匀称的)

a regular member正式会员(正规的，公正的)

a regular hero真英雄(十足的，彻底的)

a regular customer老顾客(定期的，经常的)

[考题]she arrives every day at five,_______. (C )

A．how good she is B．it is surprised

C．regular as clockwork D．that's nice

[解析]乍一看本题，A、B、D三项，意思均可知，但c项似乎未见过，显然A、B、D三项均与题干不符，若用排除法，即可快速得到本题答C，所以平时解题掌握一定的技巧是很有必要的。(as)regular as clockwork“极有规律的”.

25, distance n．远处。远方。距离

A good cyclist can cover distances of over a hundred miles a day．The beach is within walking distance of my house，It’s near enough to be reached easily on foot． He won't hit the target at that distance．

考题He was asked many times to join the party'but he always

_____________.

A．went the distance C．kept his distance

B．in the distance D．keep him at a distance

【解析】 “g0 the distance'’意为继续跑完全程，赛足全局等；“in the distance”在……距离内；keep one’s distance保持一定距离，对(人，事业)等冷淡，疏远；keep sb．at a distance与某人保持一定的距离，不愿与某人亲近，A、B两项均不合句意，D项虽符合题意，但时态错误，故选C项。句意为：“人家好几次要他参加那个政党，但他的反应总是很冷漠。” [答案]C

26．Cheat vt .欺骗。骗取

n. 欺骗行为

Keep away from that man!He is always cheating others．

They cheated death in the stormy sea．

他们从狂风暴雨的大海中死里逃生。

As a student,we shouldn’t cheat at the examination．

作为一个学生，我们不应在考试中作弊。

[考题](1) That man is really bad!He_____her wife，he not only always shouts t0 her but a1so fights with her,

A．beat B．is in love with

C．cheats him 0f D．cheats on

[解析]根据句意知，那个“男人”并不爱他的妻子，排除B，句末已明确表明他经常打他的妻子，若选A项则重复，而cheat sb．(out)0fsth．是防止某人得到某事物(尤指以不正当或不诚实的手段)，而cheat(on)sb．意为“不忠实于…”。[答案] D

(2)Jim’s father was accused 0f____at cards，but in fact not．

A．good B．playing C．cheating D．winning

[解析] 固定搭配：accuse sb．0f cheating at cards指责某人玩牌时作弊。[答案] c

27．combine with sth ．同……联合起来

combine A with(and)B把A与B联合起来

Bad planning，combined with bad luck，led t0 the company's collapse．计划不周。加上运气不好，导致这家公司倒闭。

[考题] Nowhere in nature is aluminum(铝)found free，owing t0 its always____with other elements，most commonly with oxygen．

A．combined B．having combined

C．tombine D．being combined

[解析]owing t0介词短语，后接动名词短语作宾语，combine与名词aluminum是被动关系，故用动名词的被动形式。being combined表示“正在被联合”，显然本题无此语境。C、D两项因为是主动形式，也不符合本题语态要求。 [答案]A

28．Appreciate. Vt. 欣赏；理解体会；感激感谢；升值．增值(后接名词、代词,v-ing或从句)

[考题]

As I'll be away for at least a year，I’d applociate

______from you now and then telling me how everyone is getting along．

A．hearing B．to hear

C．to be hearing D．having heard

[解析]本题考查动词appreciate的用法及动词的时态。preciate(感激)后面用动名词，即-ing形式，所以所给选项中可以排除B、C两项。主句中的now and then(时常)表明本句的动名词应用一般现在时，所以D项可以排除。剩余的一项为惟一正确选项。句意为“由于我要离开至少一年的时能不时地收到你的来信，告诉我各位的情况，我会十分感谢。”[答案]A

29．本单元几个前缀的用法

(1)fore一：作“事先；先前”讲。

forecast--预报，foretell一预知，forefather--祖先

(2)re一：作“又、再、重新”讲。

reform--改革，retell一复述，rebuild-重建

(3)en一：作“使……”讲。

ensure一确信，enrich一变富，enlarge一扩大

本单元几个后缀的用法

(1)一ly：作“……地”讲，一般用作副词后缀，也可用作形容词后缀。

regularly一定期地，hardly--几乎不，lovely一可爱的

(2)一or：作“……人，……者，……家”讲，一般指人。

educator---教育家，visitor---游客，inventor---发明家

(3)一(i)ty：无特殊含义。

Reality n现实，ability n 能力，possibility .n 可能性

30．含介词to的常用词组

get down to开始认真做某 pay attention to注意

1ook forward to盼望 refer to涉及；所指 。

belong to 属于 compare..to把……比作…… ．

be used to习惯于 devote to奉献

turn to 转向 be／get close to接近，靠近

stick to 坚持 add to增加

31．tiny、little与small的区别

small小，不带任何感情成分；

little小而可爱的；tiny极小的。

There is a small quantity of milk left in the cup．

Babies have very tiny=(small)fingers．

婴儿的手指很小。

a little problem(1ittle=not important)

32．“v+n+of+sth．”的词组小结

cure sb．of sth．治疗好某人的病

warn sb．of sth．警告某人某事

inferm sb．of sth．通知某人某事

rob sb．of sth．抢劫某人某物

remind sb．of sth．提醒某人某事

33．含all的词组小结

after all毕竟；究竟；到底

above all最重要的是；特别是

first of all首先，第一(：first)

in all总共；总计

at all根本(不)(多用于否定句中)

all in all总的说来；总共

all at once突然；一下子

34．含(in )touch(with)的词组小结

keep in touch(with)与……保持联系

get in touch with和……取得联系

lose touch with和……失去联系

be in touch(with)和……有联系

be／get out of touch(with)失去联系；脱离

bring…into／in touch with使接触：使认识

35．“in+名词”的词组小结

in hospital在住院 in prison在监狱(服刑)

in battle在战斗中 in order井然有序

in danger在危险中 in doubt感到怀疑

in common共有 in debt负债

in sight在视线之内 in trouble处于不幸(苦恼或困境)中

in store储藏着；准备着 in general大体上(=generally)

in peace意为“平平安安地”(peacefully) in secret秘密地(=secretly)

in surprise惊奇地(=surprisedly) in public公开地(=publicly)

in person亲自(=personally) in particular特别地(=particularly)

in place在适当的位置；在通常的位置 in silent无声地(=silently)

36．含air的词组小结

an air of sth．神态，气质，气氛，……的样子

in the air酝酿中

in the open air=outside在户外

on(the)air广播中 by air乘飞机

37.语法讲解

名词性从句(二)： 主语从句

1． 常用来引导主语从句的有从属连词that，whether；连接代词who，what，which；副词when，where，how，why等。

eg：Whether she's coming or not doesn't matter very much．

她是否会来并不十 分要紧。

What seems to be good to eat is often bad for people's health．

那些好像很好吃的东西常常对人们的健康有害。

When we're going to Bejing is not decided yet．

我们何时去北京尚未决定。

2． 为了使句子结构平衡，常用it作形式主语，而将主语从句后置。

eg：It remains a secret how this boy climbed up the hill．

这个男孩是如何上山的仍是个谜。

It's not been decided when the project will be started．

3．“形式主语It+单数谓语动词+其他+主语从句”结构在口语中常可省略连词that。

It's a pity(that)they missed the early bus to Shanghai．

It seems unlikely(that)she will refuse the offer．

4．如果含有主语从句的复合句是疑问句，一般要用带形式主语it的句型；但．what，whatever或whoever引导的主语从句一般不用于带形式主语的句型，即使在疑问句中亦如此。

eg：Has it been decided where we'll have the party?

Is what you told me last night really true?

5．It is said that．…It is believed that…等句式是固定用法，其中的主语从句不可置于句首。

6．引导名词性从句的that和what．．

that引导主从，宾从，表从时在句中无词义，只起连接作用。引导宾语从句时，that可省略；引导主语从句时常用形式主语it代替主语从句。what引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句时，不但起连接作用，而且有具体意义，意为“the thing(s)that(which)所 ……的人(物)”。简言之，从句中如果主语和表语或宾语都不缺少时，连接词用that，否则用what。

eg：The fact is that we are far behind the developed countries in science and technology．The village is no longer what it used to be ten years ago．

语法针对性训练：

1．______tells the truth will be praised in the newspaper．

A．The person B．Anyone

C．Whoever D．Who

2．_____ we can't get seems better than____we have．

A．What；what B．What；that

C．That；that D．That；what

3．It made him miss the train___she got up very late

A．what B．for

C．that D．if

同位语从句.

①常见的标志词有idea，belief，doubt，fact，hope，

news，possibility，tought，promise，advise，suggest，

proposal，demand，request，wish，word，message。

information，truth，case，problem，question，etc．

The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people．

计算机可以识别人的声音，这种想法使许多人感到惊奇。

We must remember the fact that goats usually 1ive in mountainous country． 我们得记住山羊总是生活在山区这一事实。

② how,when,where,why 等也可引导同位语从句，在从句中作成份。只说明内容。

Eg.I have no idea when he will be back.

[考题] (1)The news___ our team had won 150 gold metals excited us．

A．that B．which C．what D．when

(2)Thee news___he to1d us excited all 0f us．

A．that B．which C．what D．when

[解析]本句考查同位语从句与定语从句的区别。同位语从句

用来说明前面标志词的内容，that在同位语从句中不作任何成分，但不可省略；而定语从句用来限制或修饰前面的先行词，that在定语从句中作宾语时在非正式文体和口语中可省略。由此可知，第(1)句是个同位语从句，第(2)句是个定语从句，what不引导定语从句，when表时间．两题均无此语境。 [答案] (1)A(2)B

(3)we’11 go camping tomorrow depends on the weather．

A．If B．Whether C．That D．Where (B )

练习题：

1．The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a____of 60 miles．

A．1ength B．distance C．way D．space

2.People may have different opinions about Karen，but I admire her．____，she is a great musician．

A．After all B．As a result

C．In other words D．As usual

3.I’d 1ike to buy a house-modern,comfortable，and___in a quiet neighborhood．

A．in all B．above all C．after all D．at all

4.There’s _____cooking oil lef in the house．Would you g0 to the corner store and get___?

A．little；some B．1ittle；any

C．a little；some D．a little；any

5．After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth，____our astronauts desire to do is walk in space．

A．where B．what C．mat D．how

6．Chinese arts has won the_____ of a 1ot 0f people outside China．

A．enjoyment B．alppreciation

C．entertainment D．reputation

7．A story goes_____ Elizabeth I of Endand liked nothing more than being surreunded by clever and qualified noblemen at court．

A．when B．where C．what D．that

8．The pilot asked all the passengers 0n board to remain___as the p1ane was making a landing．

A．seat B．seating

C．seated D．to be seating

9．It was foolish of him to_____his notes during that important test，and as a result，he got punished．

A．stick to B．refer to C．keep to D．point to

10．Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the o1d couple，but it remains______whether they’ll enjoy it．

A．to see B．to be seen C．seeing D．seen

11.A1ong the letter was his promise____he would visit me this corning Christmas．

A．which B．that C．what D．whether

12．It is pretty well understood____contrals the flow of carbon dioxide in and out 0f the atmosphere today．

A．that B．when C．what D．how

13．_______made the school proud was___more than 90％0f the students had been admitted t0 key universities．

A．What；because B．What；that

C．That：what D.That；because

14.There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars______road conditions need_________．

A．that；to be improved B．which：t0 be improved

C．where；improving D．when；improving

15.______fashion differs from country t0 country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect．

A．What B．That C．This D．Which

16.To regain their_____after all exhausting game，the players lay in the grass．

A．force B．energy C．power D．health

17． Shipton believed that they were not____the tracks of a monkey or bear and felt the Abominable Snowman might really existed．

A．entirely B．naturally C．clearly D．simply

18．Information has been put forward_____more middle schoo1 graduates will be admitted into universities．

A．while B．that C．when D．as

19．____is no possibility_______Bob Can win the first prize in the match．

A．There；that B．It；what

C．There；whether D．It；whether

20．_______ she couldn’t understand was fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons．

A．What：why B．That；what

C．What；because D．Why；that

21．_______ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising．

A．Who B．The one C．Anyone D．Whoever

答 案

(1) [解析] a 1ength of表示“……的长度”，a way of表示“……的方法”，a space of表示“一段……空地”，故这三者均不符合句意：从一个……远的距离。 [答案] B

(2)[解析] 从but与great可以看出，我承认“毕竟”Karen是个优秀的音乐家。 [答案]A

(3)[解析] 所买的房子，一要现代化，二要舒服，但“最重要的是(above a11)”要有一个安静的环境。[答案]B

(4)[解析] 本题考查代词用法。lime表否定含义，a lime表肯定含义。从句意可判断出家里没有多少油了。故排除C、D两项，后一个空中，some用于疑问句表示委婉的语气。用以提出请求。 [答案]A

(5) [解析] 此题句子为时间状语从句，全主句的主语是由主语从句来充当的，并且主语从句中不定式动词do缺少宾语故选what。[答案] B

(6)[解析]enjoyment表示“享受”，entertainment表示“娱乐”，reputation表示“声望”，均不符合句意所体现的“中国艺术赢得了无数海外人的喜爱／欣赏” [答案] B

(7)[解析] 此题考查同位语从句。that引导句子做a story的同位语，同位语较长，放在句子谓语后 [答案]D

(8)[解析] “就座”的表达之一是be seated，当它用作表语时，只需用过去分词即可，此处remain作连系动词用，构成系表结构，表示“保持就坐的姿势不变”。[答案] C

(9)[解析] 句意表示，她在考试时“偷看了／参考了”笔记本，这是不对的。[答案] B

(10)[解析] 此题测试remain的用法，因为后果还未出现，所以用remain t0 be seen表示“有待观察／弄明白”。[答案] B

(11)[解析] “标志词”promise暗示要使用同位语从句，并且后面的“他 要来看我”就是“诺言”的内容，所以本题考查了同位语从句。[答案]B

(12)[解析】 what引导主语从句，且在句中作主语。tIlat引导主语从句时 不作任何成分；when表示时间，在主语从句中作状语；how表示方式，也作状语。 [答案]C

(13)[解析] 第一空引导词引导主语从句且作主语，只有what；表语从句中因为表述的是事实，所以由只起连接词作用的that引导 [答案]B

(14)[解析] that引导同位语从句具体说明“新问题”的内容。need后既可接动名词，也可接动词不定式的被动式表示被动。 [答案]A

(15)[解析] 分析题意可知，“时髦因国家不同而不同”表述的是事实，所以要用引导词that引导表语从句。 [答案] B

(16)[解析] force多指“力量；武力”，power多指“权力，权 势”，health指“健康”，三者均与题目中选手们为了恢复“体 力、精力”不符。 [答案] B ．

(17)[解析] entirely表示“完全地”，naturally表示“自然地”，clearly表示“清楚地”，而从原文中的下文Shipton认为雪人可能真的存在可知，这些脚印不仅仅是猴子与熊之类的。 [答案] D

(18)[解析]从标志词information及后面的内容即是解释说明ireformation的内容可知，本句是一个同位语从句。 [答案] B

(19)[解析】 第一空表达“存在”的含义，用，I'}lere be句型；从句子结构和意义两方面分析可知，第二空需要引导词引导同位语从句。因为no possibilily已表达了明确的意义，所以用表示确定意义的引导词that。 [答案] A

(20)[解析] 主语从句中的understand缺少宾语，所以第一空要由what 引导。第二空中，既然不理解，必然是有疑问的东西，所以应由why引导。 [答案]A

(21)[解析] whoever引导主语从句表示强调某人；who虽然也可以引导主语从句，但表示强调某事。me one和anyone均不能引导主语从句。

[答案] D

Unit 6 知识与能力同步测控题

(满分120分；时间100分钟)

一、单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分。满分15分)

从A、B、c、D四个选项中，选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项。

1．It is your own fault______you are so tired．You oughtn’t to have stayed up so late．

A．when B．how C．where D．why

2．_____ is obviously right is to give all children equal opprtunities to develop their special gift．

A．As B．That C．Which D．What

3．_____sometimes keeps her awake at night is____Tom is getting more and more quiet at home．

A．That；which B．It；that

C．Whether；what D．What：that

4．A normal young child gains great pleasure when___he does pleases her mother.

A．that B．if C．as D．what

5．It is said that the famous football star is now willing to play for ______would pay him three million dollars a year．

A．anyone B．whomever

C．no matter who D．whoever

6．I don't think Kate is too young to take care of the pet dog____.

A．properly B．correctly

C．exacitly D．actively

7．____really matter that she wore a pair of white shoes．

A．It B．As C．Which D．What

8．_____lies east of China is known to us a11．

A．Japan B．That Japan

C．As Japan D．Why Japan

9．一I suppose a11 the students went t0 the museum this afternoon．

-I’m afraid not．They___went to the net bar instead．

A．almost B．nearly

C．mostly D．most

10．The only season that makes one feel___is the Spring．

A．1ively B．1iving

C．1ive D．1ovely

1 1．The man replied in____accented English that he preferred

a non-smoking section．

A．badly B．heavily

C．seriously D．violently

12．Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas，wind and other forms of____．

A．energy B．source C．power D．material

13．-I’m sorry I didn’t do a good job．

一Never mind．_____you have tried your best．

A.Above all C．At all

B．In all D．After all

14．Now that there are only a few minutes left，we’d better talk about the plan in ________．

A．short B．secret C．all D．general

15．一Do you play football after work?

一Yes，only once in a while，not_____．You know，it is not my favourite sport．

A．regularly B．timely

C．ordinarily D．necessarily

二、完形填空(共20小题；每小题1．5分。满分30分)

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16～35各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。

Many of the World’s pollution problems have been caused bythe crowding of large groups of people into the cities．To supplyfor the needs of the people 16 further pollution by industry．

17 the rapid increase in human population 18 at the present rate，there may be 19 greater harm．Some scientists speak of the increase in numbers of people 20 “population pollution'’．About 2，000 years ago，the world population was probablyabout 250 million．It 21 a billion in 1850．By 1930 the population was two billion.It is now over 22 billion.It 23 to double by the year 2,000．If the population continues t0 grow at the same rate，there 24 twenty-five billion people in the world a hundred years 25 now．

Man 26 the earth’s resources 27 rapidly over the years． Some of them are almost 28 ． Now many people believe that man's greatest problem is 29 the growth 0f his own population．The materials in the world 30 support me growth in human population．31 to come，if the present rate 0f increase continues． Already 32 overcrowding in the cities and 33 in some countries．34 the rate 0f population growth continue?Many people believe the human survival in the future 35 on this question．

16．A．1ad t0 B．1eads to C．1ead D．1eads

17．A．Whether B．If C．Unless D．And

18．A．continues B．will continue

C．continue D．are going t0 continue

19．A．many B．much C．very D．most

20．A．1ike B．to C．as D．for

21．A．reached B．got C．arrived D．went

22．A．three a half B．three and half

C．three and a half D．half and three

23．A．is expected B．expects

C．will expect D．can be expecting

24．A．will have B．will 1ive

C．would be D．can be expecting

25．A．bv B．from C．at D．to

26．A．have been using B．has been using

C．have used up D．has used up

27．A．more and more B．more or less

C．1ittle by 1ittle D．sooner or later

28．A．going B．be going

C．has gone D．gone

29．A．how to increase B．raising

C．how to control D．to decrease

30．A．will B．will not

C．does not D．may

31．A．at time B．in time

C．in no time D．for a time

32．A．this is B．that is

C．where there is D．there is

33．A．hungry B．hunger

C．hungrily D．hungers

34．A．Can B．Must

C．Need D．Dare

35．A．goes B．pushes

C．puts D．depends

三、阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、c、D)中选出最佳选项。

A

Can you imagine what our life will be like in the year 2050?

Perhaps you will be flying off for a holiday on the moon，or maybe You will be taking your dog for a walk in virtual(虚拟)realily．

we recently carried out a survey(调查)0f 1，000 people from different countries to find out what they think life will be like in the future．The results clearly show both our hopes and fears．

The survey suggests that friendship--one of the most important human relationships-will have changed dramatically(显著)．People will make friends mainly through the Internet．What is more，a large number 0f people will come across their future spouses(配偶)in this way!computers will have become completely necessary by 2050．Even now，some people begin to regard them as their best friends. 0thers，however，say that we will become much more separated and estranged(疏远的)from each other because we will have little real human contact．

Edueation will have changed a 1ot，too．As more and more children will be using tomputers in schools，certain abilities，such as memtal arithmetic(心算)，won't be necessary since there will be computer programs for most calculations(计算)．Eyen writing by hand-at least to some extent--will have become a thing of the past．

According to the survey，home life will be more and more comfortable．Most people believe that by 2050 robots will be doing housework and we will rely mainly on ready-made food．A lot of people think that we might only cook for fun in the future．

Space exploration(探险)will become increasingly popular．Fifty percent of the people we talked to believe that man will regularly visit Mars．They also believe that travel on our own planet will probably change．Almost everyone thinks that there will be no cars in the city center． Some even think that environmentally-friendly

(利于环保的)electric or solar-powered cars will have replaced the cars we use now．

Pollution is something that worries us very much．Some fear that it will continue to get worse，and that it will be impossible for us to live on our polluted planet．0thers even foresee(预言)that one day we’ll have to pay for clean air．

On the other hand，people seem to be quite optimistic about the benefits of genetic(遗传)engineering，as they think scientists will use it to cure diseases like cancers and AIDS．If scientists manage to find a cure for these，we'll have a much healthier society．

Some people worry about the future，while others are full of hope and confidence(信心)．No matter how dark or bright it may seem，it is up to us to look after our planet and try to make it a better globe to live on．

36．Many people believe that in 2050，we will_____．

A．not pay for computers

B．seldom leave our homes

C．not have any real friends

D．find partners and friends mainly through computers

37．The passage suggests that in 2050_____．

A．half of the World population will have traveled to Mars

B．students will write with typewriters only

c．Cooking will not be easy to people

D：lessons taught at school and the ways in which they are taught will be very different

38．Some people beljeve that pollution will have_____by 2050．

A．disappeared

B．killed most of the people on the planet

C．become an even worse problem

D．made our planet a warmer place to live on

39．Many people think that by 2050______．

A．there will be a cure for cancer and AIDS

B．people will have stopped dying

C．Scientists will solve all the problems we face.

D．people won’t get diseases

40．The undeflinedword“optimistic'most probably means____in Chinese．

A．悲观的 B．乐观的

C．好笑的 D．担忧的

B

Here are two cars tHat may some day take the place of today's big automobiles(汽车)．If everyone drives such a car in the future there will be 1ess pollution in the air．There will also be more parking(停放车辆)space in cities，and strees will be less crowded．Three such cars fit in the space now needed for one car of the usual size．

The little cars will cost much less to own and to drive．Driving will be safer，too，as these little cars csn go only 65 kilometers per hour．

The cars 0f the future will be fine for getting around a cicy，but they will not be useful f0r long trips．If the car is powered by electricity．it will have two batteries(电池)--one battery for the motor and one for the horn(喇叭)，the signals(信号灯)，etc．Little cars which are powered by gasoline(汽油)will go 450 kilometers before needing to stop for more gasoline．

If big cars are still used along with the small ones，two sets of roads will be needed in the future．Some roads will be used for the big，fast cars，and other roads will be needed for the smaller，slower ones．

41．What is the advantage of the small cars?

A.There won't be so much pollution and the small cars won't

be so expensive as the big ones．

B．It wiIl be safer to drive these small cars．

C．There will be more space for cars to park．

D．All the abeve．

42．Why is it safer to drive these small cars?

A．Because the speed of these cars is unlimited．

B．Because the speed of these cars is limited．

C．Because the streets won't be so crowded．

D．Beeause the cars need only a 1ittle space．

43．What are the two cars referred to in the passage?

A．One which is good for getting round a city and one which

is not useful for long trips．

B．One which is powered by electricity and one which is powered by gasoline．

C．One which is powered by electricity and one which is powered by sunlight．

D．One which costs less and one which runs slowly．

44．Two sets of roads are necessary in the future in order to___.

A．prevent road accidents

B．make the city more beantiful

C．1et small cars run faster

D．1imit the speed of cars

45．The best title for the passage misht be______.

A．Big Cars and Small Cars

B．How to Drive Small Cars

C．Cars for Tomorrow

D．Cars for Everyone

C

As you move around your home，take a good look at the things yon have.It is 1ikely that your living room will have a television set and a video，and your kitchen a washing machine and a microwave oven.Your bedroom drawers will be filled with almost three times as many clothes as you need．Yon almost certainly own a car and possibly a home computer，holiday abroad at 1east once a year and eat out at least once a week．

Now，perhaps，more than ever before，people are wondering what life is a11 about，and what it is for．Seeking material success is beginning to trouble large numbers of people around the world．They feel that the 1ong-hours work culture to make more to buy more things is eating up their lives，leaving them very little time or energy for family or pastimes．Many are turning t0 other ways of living and downshifting is one of them．

Six percent of workers in Britain took the decision to downshift last year．One couple who downshifted is Daniel and Liz．They used to werk in central London．He was a newspapor reporter and she used to work for an international bank．They would go to work by train every day from their large house in the suburbs(效区)leaving their two children wwith a nanny(保姆)．Most evenings Dalliel wouldn't get home untill eight or nine o'clock．and nearly twice a month he would have to fly to New York for meetings．They both earned a large amount of money but began to feel that life was passing them by．

Nowadays．they run a farm in the mountains of Wales．“I always wanted to have a farm here。”says Daniel，“and we took almost a year to make the decision to downshift．It’s taken some getting used to，but it’s been worth it．We have to think twice now about spending money on car repairs and we no 1onger have any holidays．However．I think it’s made us stronger as a family ,and the children are a lot happier．”

Liz．however，is not quite sure，“I used to enjoy my job，even though it was hard work and long hours．I’m not really a country girl，but I suppose I’m gradually getting used to 1ooking after the animals．0ne thing I do like，though，is being able to see more of my children．My advice for other people wanting to do the same is not to think about it too mach or you might not do it a11．”

46．What do the first two paragraphs tell us?

A．People seldom work 1ong hours to make money．

B．People hardly buy more things than necessary

C．People are sure everything they own is in the right place．

D．PeoDle realise there is more to life than just making money.

47．When Daniel was a reporter he_____

A．1ived in central London

B．disliked his job

C．missed his children

D．was well paid

48．Daniel and Liz both agree that the move to the farm_____．

A．was easy to organise

B．has improved family life

C．was extremely expensive

D．has been a total success

49．What does the underlined“it”in the last paragraph refer to?

A．Child-caring． B．Liz's advice．

C．Downshifting． D．Liz’s job．

50．The underlined word “downshming”in the second paragraph

A．repairing your car by yourse1f

B．spending more money carefully

C．moving out to the countryside to live a simpler and better Life.

D．1iving in a big house in the suburbs and dining out once a week

D

What will man be like in the future-in 5000 or even 50，000 years from now“?We can only make guesses，of course，but we can be sure that he will be different from what he is today,for mall is slowly changing all the time．

Let us take an obvious example．Man．even five hundred years ago，was shorter than he is today．Now，on average，men are about three inches taller．Five hundred years is a relativelv short period of time，so we may assume that man will continue to grow taller．Again，in the modem world we use our brains a great deal．Even so，we still make use of only about 20％of the brain's capacity．As time goes on，however，we shall have to use our brains more and more，and eventually we shall need larger ones ! This is is likely to bring about a physical change too；the head，in particular the forehead，will grow larger．

Nowadays our eyes are in constant use．In fact。We use them so much that very often they become weaker and we have to wear glasses．But over a very long period of time it is likely that man’s eyes will grow stronger．

On the other hand。we tend to make less use of our arms and legs．These，as a result，are 1ikely to grow weaker．At tlhe same time，however，our fingers will grow more sensitive because they are used a great deal in modern life．

But what about hair?’This will probably disappear from the body altogether in course of time because it does not serve a useful purpose any longer．In the future，then，both sexes are likely tobe bald．

Perhaps all this gives the impression that future man will not be a very attractive creature to 1ook at!This may well be true．All the same，in spite of all these changes，future man will still have a lot in common with us．He will still be a human being，with thoughts and emotions similar to our own． -

51．The passage mainly tells us that--．

A．man’s life will be different in the future .

B．future man will 1ook quite different from us

C．man is growing taller and uglier as time passes

D．human’s organs’functions will become weak

52．What serves as the evidence that man is changing?

A．Man has got stronger eyes now than he ever had．

B．Man’s hair is gretting thinner and thinner．

C．Man’s arms and legs have become lighter and weaker．

D．Man has been growing taller over the past 500 years．

53．The change in man’s size of forehead will probably be because____.

A．he makes use only 20％of the brain's capacity

B．his brain has grown larger over the past centuries

C．the other 80％of his brain will grow in due time

D．he¨will use his brain more and more as time goes on

54．What will be true about a human being in the future?

A．He will be hairless because hair is no lonlger useful．

B．He will have smaller eyes and will wear better dasses．

C．His fingers will grow weaker beoause he won’t have to make

use of them．

D．He will think and feel in a different way．

55．It is implied that--．

A．human beings will become less attractive in the future ．

B．1ess use of a bodily organ may lead to its degeneration

C．human beings hope for a change in the future life

D．future life is always predietable

四、短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)

Michael was walking along the street other 56_________．

day．Then he felt someone shouting his name． 57_________．

He stopped and 1ooked around．He was Jack 58_________．

Events who were running after him．Michael and 59_________．

Jack went to the same school and then to the 60_________．

same university．So they hadn’t met each other 61_________．

since then．they decided to have the lunch together．62________．

They went to the nearest restaurant and sat by the 63_______．

table near the window．Then they talked about that 64_______．

they had done since they graduated a university． 65_______．

五、书面表达(满分25分)

假如你叫李明，你的澳大利亚朋友Jim来信想了解有关北京为迎接奥运会而进行的城市美化工作的情况。请你根据下表内容，用英语写一封回信，并欢迎他居时能来北京玩。

口号 绿色奥运

计划投资 122亿美元

环境 大面积植树、种草、栽花

美化内容 环保 使用清洁能源、处理和再利用污水

目标 花园城市、天再蓝些、水再清些

注意：1．词数100左右；2．生词提示：口号slogan。

篇9：高三非谓语动词复习教案学案一体化

江苏地区石庄高级中学届高三非谓语动词复习教案学案一体化

2006届高三非谓语动词复习（教师版）

一、概述

1、基本形式的变化：

不定式：

时态 主动态 被动态

一般式 to do to be done

进行式 to be doing

完成式 to have built to have been built

例1：John said that he had run in order to catch the bus. （一般式的主动态）

例2：He hated to be misunderstood by others. (一般式的被动态)

例3：He pretended to be listening attentively. (进行式)

例4：He intended to have told you that. (完成式主动态)

例5：This work of art seemed to have been created several centuries ago. (完成式的被动态)

V-ing形式：

时态 主动态 被 动 态

一般式 doing being done

完成式 having done having been done

不及物动词没有被动式

动名词

例1：I am sure of his coming in time. (一般式主动态) （= I am sure that he will come in time）

例2：He is proud of being selected as monitor. (一般式被动态) （= He is proud that he is selected as monitor.）

例3：I’m confident of his having passed the exam. (完成式主动态)

（= I am confident that he have passed the exam.）

例4：He complained of having been cheated by others. (完成式被动态)

现在分词

例1：He sat in a chair,reading a novel. (一般式主动态)

例2：Being exhausted by work, he fell asleep quickly. (一般式被动态)

例3：Having finished his homework, he went playing. (完成式主动态)

例4：All this having been settled, he went home. (完成式被动态)

2、所做成分

项目/成分 主语 表语 宾语 宾补 定语 状语

动词的ing形式 现在分词 △ △ △ △

动名词 △ △ △ △

不定式 △ △ △ △ △ △

过去分词 △ △ △ △

二、基本知识

（一）动词不定式在句中充当的成分

(1)作主语。

例如：To see once is better than to hear a hundred times.

To make money is not the only purpose of our life.赚钱不是我们生活的唯一目的

在很多情况下，常用it 来充当动词不定式的形式主语。

例如：It is important for us to learn English very well.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。

(2)作动词的宾语，常用在以下动词后：

help，hope，ask，refuse，decide，promise，wish，pretend，expect，arrange，learn，plan，demand，dare，manage，agree，prepare，fail，determine，offer，choose，desire，elect，long，(happen，seem)

例如：He managed to pass the exam.他成功地通过了考试。

He promised to be here at nine.他答应9点钟到这儿。

I didn’t expect to see you here.我没有料到在这儿见到你。

在某些复合宾语中，用it做形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面去。

例如：He considered it better to leave now.他认为最好现在就离开。

I found it impossible to finish the work on time.我发现准时完成这项工作是不可能的。

(3)作定语（常置于名词之后）。

由only, last, next 序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语; 不定式还可用作名词

代词的的宾语 (ability, anything, attempt, chance, curiosity, desire, decision, determination, effort, failure,

intention, need, nothing, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right, something)

例如:She is always the first student to arrive at school.

He is always the last one to leave the office.他总是最后一个离开办公室。

I don’t think he is the best man to do the job.我想他不是做这项工作的最佳人选。

I have no desire to travel.

You’ll find something to interest you here.

注：动词不定式to后所接动词若是不及物动词，而不定式与其修饰的动词之间有动宾关系，这个不定式后就应有必要的介词。

例如：I haven’t decided which hotel to stay at.

I found no one to play with.

(4)作状语

例如：I walked slowly on the ice in order not to fall down.（不至于跌倒） (表目的)

They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet. (表结果)

He tried only to fail. （结果没有成功）

She was happy to hear the news. (表原因)

不定式常用于修饰下列形容词:

able,afraid,angry, anxious, apt, careful, careless, certain, clever, considerate, delighted, difficult,eager, easy, fit, frightened , happy, interesting, likely, lucky, quick, ready, reluctant , right, sorry, surprised, sure, thoughtful, thoughtless, unable, unwilling, wrong etc.

例如：French is difficult to learn. 法语难学。

I’m sorry to interrupt you, but I have to.

(5)作独立副词成分。

例如：To speak frankly, I don’t like your attitude.

(6)与疑问词连用。疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how等后加动词不定式，构成不定式短语，可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。

例如：When to start has not been decided.什么时候出发还没有定。

The problem is how to get there on time.问题是怎样才能准时到达哪儿。

注：在有些动词后常用疑问词 + 动词不定式的结构。这类动词有：know, ask, tell, show, wonder,

consider, understand, learn, instruct, guess, see, explain, discover, imagine, think, hear 等。

例如：He didn’t know what to do next.

I haven’t decided whether to go to Japan.我没有决定是否到日本去。

▲不定式的复合结构

由for + 名词或代词 + 动词不定式构成的复合结构在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、状语等。

例如：It is necessary for you to finish the work before Friday.你们有必要在星期五前做完这项工作。

His idea is for us to travel in different cars.他的主意是让我们乘不同的车去旅游。

由of 引出的不定式复合结构，经常与以下形容词连用：bold, brave, careless, civil, clever,

courageous, foolish, good, honest, kind, nice, rash, right, rude, stupid, silly, thoughtful, thoughtless,

wrong, wise等。

例如：It’s kind of you to say so.

It’s brave of you to go into the burning building to save the baby!你真勇敢，冲进着火的大楼里救这个婴儿

▲不带to 的动词不定式

(1)在有些使役动词及感官动词后可用省略to的动词不定式，如let, make, have, hear, see, feel, smell, hear, watch等。

例如：The teacher often makes me rewrite the composition.老师常常让我把作文重写。

将该句转换成被动语态：I am often made by the teacher to rewrite the composition.

I heard her say that she was fed up.

(2)在下列结构后常用不带to的动词不定式：had better, would rather, can not but, cannot help but, do nothing but等。

例如：I’d better go now, or I’ll miss the train.

They can not but accept his advice.我只好接受他的建议。

(3)在except, but 之前有动词do作实义动词，则except, but 后一般接不带to的动词不定式，反之则接带to 的动词不定式。

例如：We have no choice but to wait.我们除了等待别无选择（我们只好等待）。

There is no choice but to go there.

There is nothing to do but to (to 可省略) read a book.

(4) 在why, why not结构中，紧接其后的动词不定式不带to

例如：Why argue with him?

Why not send those books back?为什么不把那些书送回去？

（二）动名词在句中充当的成分

(1)作主语

例如：Asking for help is sometimes necessary. 请求帮助有时是必要的。

Eating too much is not good for your health.吃得太多对你的健康不利。

Teaching offers something besides money and power.

(2)作补语、表语例如：

Seeing is believing.

We call such an act cheating.我们称这样的行为为作弊/欺骗行为。

(3)作以下及物动词及词组的的宾语

mind，finish，enjoy，suggest，permit，appreciate，consider，miss，dislike，keep(on)，avoid，permit，imagine，risk，escape，admit，stand(忍受)，allow，forbid，excuse，等等。短语动词：give up，put off，look forward to，feel like，insist on，object to，prevent…from，set about，can't help，be/get used to等；短语：be worth doing，be no good doing，be no use doing，be busy doing等

例如：The mother did agree to let the boy risk swimming across the river.冒险游过河

His wife doesn't allow smoking inside the room but allows him to smoke outside the room.

他的妻子不允许在室内抽烟，但是允许他在室外抽。

All of them insisted on my staying with them a few days longer.

他们所有的人都坚持要我再跟他们多呆几天时间。

I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon.

Being ill for a few days,she doesn't feel like eating anything.不想吃任何东西

另在want, need, require等动词后，常用动名词的主动形式表示被动的意思（主语与动名词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系）。

例如：My hair needs cutting. (= My hair needs to be cut.)

(5) 作定语。它与被修饰词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系，通常只表示用途或与所修饰的名词有关的动作。

例如：The factory built a swimming pool last year.游泳池

Our teacher uses a very good teaching method.教学方法

(6) 作同位语。例如：His hobby, making model airplanes, is very interesting.

▲动名词的复合结构

动名词的复合结构由物主代词或名词所有格 + 动名词构成。如果不是在句子开头，这种结构常可以由名词的普通格或人称代词宾格 +动名词构成， 在句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：

Do you mind my closing the door? Do you mind me closing the door?

My closing the door made him angry.

I can’t stand Lao Chang’s talking like that about other comrades.

▲动名词的某些固定结构

(1) It is + no use, no good(fun,a great pleasure, a waste of time,a bore...)等名词+doing sth.

It is no use crying.哭没有用。

It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。

It is a waste of time trying to explain．设法解释是浪费时间。

(2)It is + useless+doing sth．

It is useless speaking.光说没用。

(3)There is no + v-ing “…是不可能的”。

例如：There is no knowing how old she is.(= I t is impossible to know how old she is.)

There is no telling where she’s gone.(= It is impossible / difficult to know where she’s gone.)

(4)make a point of + doing “认为…是必要的”

例如：Our family make a point of going to church every Sunday.(= Our family make it a rule to go to church every Sunday.)

(5)be on the point of + doing “濒临，将要…”

例如：He was on the point of leaving.

(6)on (upon) + doing “一…就…”

例如：On hearing the news, I changed my plans.(= As soon as I heard the news, I changed my plans.)

(7)go + doing (大部分指运动和游戏)

例如：He went shopping / hiking / swimming / fishing etc.

(8)动名词短语常用在以下结构中

have difficulty (in) + doing sth have trouble (in) + doing sth

have fun (in) + doing sth/ have a good time (in) + doing sth/have a hard time (in) + doing sth

例如：We have great difficulty (in) solving the problem.我们解决这个问题有困难。

(9)feel like + 名词“想要”=would like to +原形动词

例如：Do you feel like going to a movie?你想看电影吗?

I don't feel like reading tonight．今晚我不想读书。

(三) 分词在句中充当的成分

(1)作定语。作定语的分词如果是单个分词，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语则放在所修饰的名词后面。在用作定语时，分词在意思上接近一个定语从句。

例如：The boring snow made the bored boys go home. (= The snow was boring, so the boys wee bored and went home.)

China is a developing socialist country.发展中的社会主义国家

The man writing the obituary (讣告) is my friend.

(= The man who is writing the obituary is my friend.)

The broken glass scattered on the ground.破杯

注：现在分词与过去分词都可作定语，但现在分词表达的是正在进行的事情，有主动意义；而过去分词表示的是已完成的事情，有被动意义。

(2)作表语、宾语补足语。能带分词作宾补的动词常见的有see, hear, keep, find, notice, watch, think, want, smell, observe等。

例如：The story is boring.

I found him reading a novel. 在读小说(现在分词作宾语补足语)

I found him surrounded by a group of children.一群孩子包围着 (过去分词作宾语补足语)

(3)作状语。分词作状语可以表示时间, 原因, 条件, 结果, 伴随情况。

例如：Having read all the required papers, he answered the questions fluently. ---时间

Being short of money, I decided to apply for the work. ---原因

Seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital. ----原因

If going there by plane, we’ll have to pay twice as much.-条件

Unless asked to answer questions, the pupils were not supposed to talk in Mrs Smith’s class.条件

The farmer used a new insecticide, thus raising the average yield by 15%. –结果

He sat in a rocking chair, watching TV. ---伴随

▲分词的特殊结构

独立主格

有时分词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致，这时分词须带上自身的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。这种结构在句中多作伴随状语。亦可用来表示时间、原因、条件等。

例如：That being the case, we’d better make some changes in the plan.

Weather permitting, we will go out. == if weather permits

The teacher having finished the lesson, the students left the classroom.

“with或without + 名词或代词 + 分词”的复合结构

常用作补充说明或表示伴随情况。例如：He fell asleep with the lamp burning.

某些固定结构

generally / frankly speaking …,judging from / by …中，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，这种结构只限于为数很少的几个动词。

例如：Judging by his dress, he comes from a wealthy family.从他的衣着判断

Frankly speaking, I don't like him at all.坦率地说

catch+宾语+doing

例如：I caught them stealing my apples．我抓住他们偷我的苹果。

If she catches me reading her diary，she'll be furious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日记，她会愤怒的

注：有些现在分词可以作介词用：如concerning, considering, regarding, respecting等。

例如：Considering his age, he is tall.考虑了他的年龄

I have nothing to say concerning his speech.关于他的演讲

三、非谓语动词比较

1．做主语宾语：-般来说，不定式和动名词成份相同时，表示客观性、一般性行为多用动名词表示，而表示一次性、具体性行为则多用不定式。

Looking after children is her job.照看小孩

To clean the classroom is his job today.打扫教室

I like swimming, but I don't like to swim today because I don't feel well.

注意（1）：begin和start本身为进行时，或后面动词为心理变化意义的动词时，须接不定式。

When we came in, they were beginning to have supper.

After his explanation, I began to understand it / realize that I was wrong.

(2).有些词后面既可以接不定式．亦可接动名词，但其意义有很大区别，须特别注意：

A．remember，forget，regret接动名词，表示完成意义(=having done)，接不定式，表示将来意义：

Please remember to bring me the book I want next time.

I remember seeing her (=having seen her) somewhere before.

Don't forget to write to me soon.

I never forget visiting (=having visited) them for the first time.

I regret missing that good film last week.(后悔干……事)

I regret not taking (not having taken) your advice.

I regret to say I can't take your advice. (遗憾=be sorry)

B．mean：mean to do=want to do打算，想要……；mean doing：意味着，就是

I am sorry, I didn't mean to hurt your feelings，

I meant to call on you, but I was so busy.

Learning a foreign language doesn't mean just working in class.

C．stop：stop to do停下来，要干另一件事，不定式作目的状语；stop doing停止干……，

动名词作宾语。

After some time, they stopped walking and had a rest.

After walking some time, they stopped to have a rest.

D．try：try to do，努力，试图干……事；try doing：试着干……事

He searched everywhere and tried to find his key.

He came to the city from the countryside and tried to find a job.

The mother is out and the boy had to try cooking for himself.

They tried to succeed and tried doing their experiments again and again.

E．want，need，require接动名词表示被动意义，主语与动名词之间为动宾关系。

The bike requires repairing.

These young trees require looking after.

The matter needs thinking over.(=to be thought over)

A Mr. Wang wants to see you.

You don't need to leave so early.

F．go on：go on to do继续干和原来不同的另一件事，不定式作目的状语。

go on doing继续干原来同一件事，动名词作宾语。

After a smoke，he went on telling us that interesting story.

After writing the composition he went on to work out his maths problems.

G．动词advise，allow，permit，forbid后面接单宾语时用动名词，接复合宾语时用动词不定式。

Doctors advise giving up smoking to benefit one's health. 放弃

The doctor advised him to give up smoking so as to improve his health. 放弃

She doesn't allow (permit) smoking in her room.抽烟

H. consider to have done/consider doing(consider…to be)

I. be used to doing/be used to do

J.can’t help doing/to do

2.做宾补：

不定式可以表示一次性、具体性行为，以及将来意义的行为。现在分词可以表示当时正在发生的进行意义的行为，亦可表示-个持续时间的延续性的行为动作。过去分词可以表示完成意义的行为或状态，及物动词的过去分词亦有被动意义，不及物动词的过去分词仍是主动意义。

When I came in, I saw her dancing happily.

I often hear her sing songs in English in her room.

They had the lights burning all night long.

I saw Li Ping pass by and enter the next room just now.

The mother will have the doctor examine her son again.

Tomorrow I'll have my hair cut.

When I got home I found the window broken and the thief gone away already.

When they returned to their hometown, after an absence of twenty years, they found everything changed.

3.做表语：

不定式和动名词做表语解释主语内容，且可以和主语颠倒，意思仍然通顺，回答what的问题。它们有时存在经常性和一次性行为的区别，分词做表语表明主语的性质、特征和状态，不能和主语颠倒，可以回答how的问题。

Her job is cleaning offices.(What is her job?) (=Cleaning offices is her job.)

Our job today is to clean the office.(=To clean the office is our job today.)

The news is very exciting.(How is the news?)

They are very tired after a long walk.

The door is locked now.

The children are well dressed these days.

4.做定语：

不定式做定语与先行词有动宾、主谓和解释先行词内容等关系。在时态上常是将来意义，现在分词做定语是现在时或进行时态意义；过去分词做定语则是完成时态意义。此外，不定式做定语时只能后置，不可前置，而单个分词做定语可前置，分词短语做定语则须后置。动名词做定语，须前置，且要重读，它表明先行词的用途。而分词做定语表明先行词的性质、特征和状态。

a swimming boy=a boy who is swimming a swimming pool=a pool for swimming

the boiling water=the water that is boiling drinking water=water for drinking

Today I have a letter to write. Please find a man to help us.

It is a good chance to practice your spoken English.练习你的口语

I like reading books written by Lu Xun.

The woman standing over there is our English teacher.站在那边的

The house to be built (=which will be built/which is to be built) next year will be our new library.

The house being built (=which is being built) now will be our new library.

The house built (=which was built) last year is our new library now.

5.做状语：

不定式和分词做状语各有不同分工。动词不定式多做目的、结果和原因状语，且多放在句末；分词

可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式状语，多置于句首，做伴随状语，多放在后面。分词用于go doing结构中作目的状语。

(1).目的状语：通常有不定式表示，由于不定式的客观性和将来性特征。不定式前还可加上in order，so as来加强说话的口气。但so as to通常不用于句首。

The Smiths have gone to London to spend their holidays.

I came here (in order/so as) to hear the report.

In order to(不用so as to) see better, we took front seats.

(2)．时间状语：分词作时间状语相当于时间状语从句。现在分词作时间状语一般位于句首，表示的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生，有时现在分词前可以加上时间连词。如果分词动作发生在谓语动词之前，用现在分词的完成体形式。过去分词作时间状语与谓语动词构成同时性和被动意义。分词前有时加上时间连词。

Arriving (=When he arrived) at the bus stop, he found his sister there.

Waiting (=When I was waiting) to see the doctor, I met with a friend of mine.

Having (=When we have) made full preparations, we are ready for an examination.

Having (=When he had) finished his homework, he went to bed.

After finishing his homework, he went to bed.

Seen (=When the town is seen) from the hill, the town looks more beautiful.

Locked (=When he was looked) up in the room, he found himself isolated from the outer world.

When asked to make a speech, he said he was glad to do so.当请他作演讲时

Once recovered, he will go all out to do his work.一旦康复

(3)．原因状语：不定式作原因状语往往用于形容词之后,这些形容词通常是happy, sorry, fortunate, angry, glad, ashamed, discouraged, delighted, frightened, shocked等。分词作原因状语相当于原因状语从句。一般位于句首。

I am sorry to hear that you are not well.

I'm very sorry to have kept you waiting so long.让你久等了

We are greatly delighted to have a native as our guide.

Being (=Since he was) ill all last year, he lived in a sanatorium.

There being no enough money, he couldn't buy the dictionary that he wanted. 由于没有钱

Having (=Since they had) been asked to stay, they couldn't possibly leave right away.

Moved (=As he was moved) by the heroic deeds of the PLA man, he burst into tears.

(4)．条件状语：通常用分词来表示，相当于条件状语从句。一般位于句首。

Turning (=If you turn) to the left，you will see the post office.

United (=If we are united), we stand; divided (=if we are divided), we fall.

Given (=If he had been given) more time, he would be able to do better.

(5)．结果状语从句：不定式作结果状语通常用于so+形容词或副词+as to，such+名词+as to，too…to，enough to和only to等结构。现在分词作结果状语表示谓语动词的结果。

He arrived late to find the train gone.

I worked late into the night, only to find I had not finished half of the job.

He was so friendly as to be always helpful to his neighbors.

His is such a sad story as to arouse out sympathy.

I ran faster than ever, reaching the schoolyard quite out of breath.

The man died young, leaving nothing but debt.

(6)．让步状语：通常由过去分词来表示，而且前面通常有表示让步意义的though。

Though wounded, the soldier managed to get to the village safely.

Though warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.

(7)．伴随或方式状语：分词作伴随状语通常位于句尾，表示谓语动词正在所处主动或被动的状态。

Chinese businessmen, taxi drivers and students talk with them using English.

She came running towards us.

They walked along the streets, talking and laughing.

He went into the house, followed by some children.

He continued to walk up and down, lost in thought.

四、关于there be 的非谓语形式

there be非谓语形式可在句中作主语、宾语、状语和定语

1)作动词宾语时，通常用there to be结构，而不用there being。能这样用的及物动词为：expect，like，mean，intend，want，prefer，hate等，如：

We don't want there to be any comrades lagging behind.我们不希望有任何同志掉队。

They hate there to be long queues everywhere..他们不愿意处处都要排长队。

We have no objection to there being a meeting here．我们并不反对在这里开会。

2)作状语多用there being结构，但若置于介词for之后要用there to be

There being nobody else at hand,I had to do by myself．由于附近没有人，我只得独自干了。(原因状语)

It’s too early for there to be anybody up．太早了，还不会有人起床。(作程度状语)

There having been no rain for a long time，the ground was very dry．

因为好长时间没下雨了，地面非常干燥。(原因状语)

3)作主语时两种结构都可以，但如是用for引导则要用there to be.

It is not uncommon for there to be problems of communication between old and young．

老人与年青人之间存在着沟通问题是很常见的。

There being a kindergarten on campus is a great convenience to female teachers．

校园内有儿园对女教师十分方便。

2006届高三非谓语动词复习（学生版）

一、概述

2、基本形式的变化：

不定式：

时态 主动态 被动态

一般式

进行式

完成式

例1：John said that he had run in order to catch the bus.

例2：He hated to be misunderstood by others.

例3：He pretended to be listening attentively.

例4：He intended to have told you that.

例5：This work of art seemed to have been created several centuries ago.

V-ing形式：

时态 主动态 被 动 态

一般式

完成式

不及物动词没有被动式

动名词

例1：I am sure of his coming in time. （= ____________________）

例2：He is proud of being selected as monitor. （= ________________）

例3：I’m confident of his having passed the exam. （= ______________________）

例4：He complained of having been cheated by others.

现在分词

例1：He sat in a chair,___________(read) a novel.

例2：________(exhaust)by work, he fell asleep quickly.

例3：________(finish)his homework, he went playing

例4：All this _______ (settle),he went home.

2、所做成分

项目/成分 主语 表语 宾语 宾补 定语 状语

动词的ing形式 现在分词

动名词

不定式

过去分词

二、基本知识

（一）动词不定式在句中充当的成分

(1)作主语。

例如：To see once is better than to hear a hundred times.

______________ 赚钱不是我们生活的唯一目的

在很多情况下，常用it 来充当动词不定式的形式主语。

例如： 对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。

(2)作动词的宾语，常用在以下动词后：

help，hope，ask，refuse，decide，promise，wish，pretend，expect，arrange，learn，plan，demand，dare，manage，agree，prepare，fail，determine，offer，choose，desire，elect，long，(happen，seem)

例如： 他成功地通过了考试。

他答应9点钟到这儿。

我没有料到在这儿见到你。

在某些复合宾语中，常it做形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面去。

例如： 他认为最好现在就离开。

我发现准时完成这项工作是不可能的。

(3)作定语（常置于名词之后）。

由only, last, next 序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语; 不定式还可用作名词代词的的宾语 (ability, anything, attempt, chance, curiosity, desire, decision, determination, effort, failure, intention, need, nothing, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right, something)

例如:She is always the first student to arrive at school.

他总是最后一个离开办公室。

我想他不是做这项工作的最佳人选。

I have no desire to travel.

You’ll find something to interest you here.

注：动词不定式to后所接动词若是不及物动词，而不定式与其修饰的动词之间有动宾关系，这个不定式后就应有必要的介词。

例如：I haven’t decided which hotel to stay at. I found no one to play with.

(4)作状语

例如：I walked slowly on the ice in order .（不至于跌倒） (表目的)

They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet. (表结果)

He tried .结果没有成功

She was happy to hear the news. (表原因)

不定式常用于修饰下列形容词:

able, afraid, angry, anxious, apt, careful, careless, certain, clever, considerate, delighted, difficult, eager, easy, fit, frightened , happy, interesting, likely, lucky, quick, ready, reluctant , right, sorry, surprised, sure, thoughtful, thoughtless, unable, unwilling, wrong etc.

例如： 法语难学。

I’m sorry to interrupt you, but I have to.

(5)作独立副词成分。

例如：To speak frankly, I don’t like your attitude.

(6)与疑问词连用。疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how等后加动词不定式，构成不定式短语，可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。

例如： 什么时候出发还没有定。

问题是怎样才能及时到达哪儿。

注：在有些动词后常用疑问词 + 动词不定式的结构。这类动词有：know, ask, tell, show, wonder,consider, understand, learn, guess, see, explain, discover, imagine, think, hear 等。

例如：He didn’t know what to do next.

我没有决定是否到日本去。

▲不定式的复合结构

由for + 名词或代词 + 动词不定式构成的复合结构在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、状语等。

例如： 你们有必要在星期五前做完这项工作。

他的主意是让我们乘不同的车去旅游。

由of 引出的不定式复合结构，常与以下形容词连用：bold, brave, careless, civil, clever,foolish, good, honest, kind, nice, rash, right, rude, stupid, silly, thoughtful, thoughtless, wrong, wise等。

例如：It’s kind of you to say so.

to go into the burning building to save the baby!

你真勇敢，冲进着火的大楼里救这个婴儿

▲不带to 的动词不定式

(1)在有些使役动词及感官动词后可用省略to的动词不定式，如let, make, have, hear, see, feel,smell,

hear, watch等。

例如： 老师常常让我把作文重写。

将该句转换成被动语态：_________________________________________

(2)在下列结构后常用不带to的动词不定式：had better, would rather, can not but, cannot help but, do nothing but等。

例如：I’d better go now, or I’ll miss the train.

我只好接受他的建议。

(3)在except, but 之前有动词do作实义动词，则except, but 后一般接不带to的动词不定式，反

之则接带to 的动词不定式。

例如： 我们除了等待别无选择（我们只好等待）。

There is no choice but to go there.

There is nothing to do but to (to 可省略) read a book.

(4) 在why, why not结构中，紧接其后的动词不定式不带to

例如：Why argue with him?

为什么不把那些书送回去？

（二）动名词在句中充当的成分

(1)作主语

例如： 请求帮助有时是必要的。

吃得太多对你的健康不利。

(2)作补语、表语例如：

Seeing is believing.

我们称这样的行为为作弊/欺骗行为。

(3)作以下及物动词及词组的的宾语

mind，finish，enjoy，suggest，permit，appreciate，consider，miss，dislike，keep(on)，avoid，permit，imagine，risk，escape，admit，stand(忍受)，allow，forbid，excuse，等等。短语动词：give up，put off，look forward to，feel like，insist on，object to，prevent…from，set about，can't help，be/get used to等;语：be worth doing，be no good doing，be no use doing，be busy doing等

例如：The mother did agree to let the boy_______________________________.冒险游过河

His wife _____________________inside the room but ______________outside the room.

他的妻子不允许在室内抽烟，但是允许他在室外抽。

All of them ___________________________ them a few days longer.

他们所有的人都坚持要我再跟他们多呆几天时间。

I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon.

Being ill for a few days,she doesn't _________________________.不想吃任何东西

另在want, need, require等动词后，常用动名词的主动形式表示被动的意思（主语与动名词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系）。

例如：My hair needs cutting. (= _______________________.)

(5) 作定语。它与被修饰词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系，通常只表示用途或与所修饰的名词有关的动作。

例如：The factory built _______________ last year.游泳池

Our teacher uses a very good _______________.教学方法

(6) 作同位语。例如：His hobby, making model airplanes, is very interesting.

▲动名词的复合结构

动名词的复合结构由物主代词或名词所有格 + 动名词构成。如果不是在句子开头，这种结构常可以由名词的普通格或人称代词宾格 +动名词构成， 在句中可作主语、宾语等。

例如：Do you mind my closing the door? Do you mind me closing the door?

My closing the door made him angry.

I can’t stand Lao Chang’s talking like that about other comrades.

▲动名词的某些固定结构

(1) It is+no use,no good(fun,a great pleasure,a waste of time,a bore...)等名词+doing sth.

____________________.哭没有用。

It is no good objecting.________

_______________________________________设法解释是浪费时间。

(2)It is+useless+doing sth．

It is useless speaking.____________

(3)There is no + v-ing “…是不可能的”。

例如：There is no knowing how old she is.(= _______________________________________.)

There is no telling where she’s gone.(= __________________________________________.)

(4)make a point of + doing “认为…是必要的”

例如：Our family make a point of going to church every Sunday.(=__________________________)

(5)be on the point of + doing “濒临，将要…”

例如：He was on the point of leaving.

(6)on (upon) + doing “一…就…”

例如：On hearing the news, I changed my plans.(= _______________________________________)

(7)go + doing (大部分指运动和游戏)

例如：He went shopping / hiking / swimming / fishing etc.

(8)动名词短语常用在以下结构中

have difficulty (in) + doing sth, have trouble (in) + doing sth ,have fun (in) + doing sth have a good time (in) + doing sth,have a hard time (in) + doing sth

例如：_________________________________________________.我们解决这个问题有困难。

(9)feel like+名词“想要”=would like to +原形动词

例如：__________________________________你想看电影吗?

__________________________________今晚我不想读书。

(三) 分词在句中充当的成分

(1)作定语。作定语的分词如果是单个分词，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语则放在所修饰的名词后面。在用作定语时，分词在意思上接近一个定语从句。

例如：The boring snow made the bored boys go home. (= _______________________________)

China is ______________________________发展中的社会主义国家

The man writing the obituary (讣告) is my friend.(= _____________________________)

The ______ glass scattered on the ground.破杯

注：现在分词与过去分词都可作定语，但现在分词表达的是正在进行的事情，有主动意义；而过去分词表示的是已完成的事情，有被动意义。

(2)作表语、宾语补足语。能带分词作宾补的动词常见的有see, hear, keep, find, notice, watch, think, want, smell, observe等。

例如：The story is boring.

I found him _______________. 在读小说(现在分词作宾语补足语)

I found him __________________________.被一群孩子包围着 (过去分词作宾语补足语)

(3)作状语。分词作状语可以表示时间, 原因, 条件, 结果, 伴随情况。

例如：_____________(read)all the required papers, he answered the questions fluently. ---时间

_________(be) short of money, I decided to apply for the work. ---原因

Seriously _______(injure)Allen was rushed to the hospital. ----原因

If ________(go)there by plane, we’ll have to pay twice as much.-条件

Unless ____(ask)to answer questions, the pupils were not supposed to talk in Mrs.Smith’s class.条件

The farmer used a new insecticide, thus _______(raise)the average yield by 15%. –结果

He sat in a rocking chair, ________(watch)TV. ---伴随

▲分词的特殊结构

独立主格

有时分词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致，这时分词须带上自身的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。这种结构在句中多作伴随状语。亦可用来表示时间、原因、条件等。

例如：That______(be) the case, we’d better make some changes in the plan.

Weather __________(permit),we will go out. == if weather permits

The teacher _______________(finish) the lesson, the students left the classroom.

“with或without + 名词或代词 + 分词”的复合结构

常用作补充说明或表示伴随情况。例如：He fell asleep with the lamp burning.

某些固定结构

generally / frankly speaking …,judging from / by …中，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，这种结构只限于为数很少的几个动词。

例如：Judging by his dress, he comes from a wealthy family.从他的衣着判断

_____________,I don't like him at all.坦率地说

catch+宾语+doing

例如：________________________________我抓住他们偷我的苹果。

_________________________________，she'll be furious.

如果她抓住我偷看她的日记，她会愤怒的

注：有些现在分词可以作介词用：如concerning, considering, regarding, respecting等。

例如：___________________, he is tall.考虑了他的年龄

I have nothing to say _____________________.关于他的演讲

三、非谓语动词比较

1．做主语宾语：-般来说，不定式和动名词成份相同时，表示客观性、一般性行为多用动名词表示，而表示一次性、具体性行为则多用不定式。

______________________ is her job.照看小孩

______________________ is his job today.打扫教室

I like ________, but I don't like _______ today because I don't feel well.游泳

注意

（1）.begin和start本身为进行时，或后面动词为心理变化意义的动词时，须接不定式。

When we came in, they were beginning to have supper.

After his explanation, I began to understand it / realize that I was wrong.

(2).有些词后面既可以接不定式．亦可接动名词，但其意义有很大区别，须特别注意：

A．remember，forget，regret接动名词，表示完成意义(=having done)，接不定式，表示将来意义：

Please remember ________(bring)me the book I want next time.

I remember ______(see) her (=having seen her) somewhere before.

Don't forget ________(write)to me soon.

I never forget ________(visit) (=having visited) them for the first time.

I regret _______(miss) that good film last week.(后悔干……事)

I regret not ______(take) (not having taken) your advice.

I regret ______(say) I can't take your advice. (遗憾=be sorry)

B．mean：mean to do=want to do打算，想要……；mean doing：意味着，就是

I am sorry, I didn't mean _______(hurt)your feelings，

I meant _______(call) on you, but I was so busy.

Learning a foreign language doesn't mean just _______(work) in class.

C．stop：stop to do停下来，要干另一件事，不定式作目的状语；stop doing停止干……，动

名词作宾语。

After some time, they stopped _______(work)and had a rest.

After walking some time, they stopped ________(have)a rest.

D．try：try to do，努力，试图干……事；try doing：试着干……事

He searched everywhere and tried _______(find) his key.

He came to the city from the countryside and tried________(find) a job.

The mother is out and the boy had to try _______(cook) for himself.

They tried to succeed and tried ______(do) their experiments again and again.

E．want，need，require接动名词表示被动意义，主语与动名词之间为动宾关系。

The bike requires _________(repair).

These young trees require _____________(look after).

The matter needs ________(think)over.(=to be thought over)

A Mr. Wang wants _______(see) you.

You don't need ________(leave)so early.

F．go on：go on to do继续干和原来不同的另一件事，不定式作目的状语。

go on doing继续干原来同一件事，动名词作宾语。

After a smoke，he went on _______(tell)us that interesting story.

After writing the composition he went on _______(work)out his maths problems.

G．动词advise，allow，permit，forbid后面接单宾语时用动名词，接复合宾语时用动词不定式。

Doctors advise _________ smoking to benefit one's health. 放弃

The doctor advised him _________ smoking so as to improve his health. 放弃

She doesn't allow (permit) _______ in her room.抽烟

H. consider to have done/consider doing(consider…to be)

I. be used to doing/be used to do

J.can’t help doing/to do

2.做宾补：

不定式可以表示一次性、具体性行为，以及将来意义的行为。现在分词可以表示当时正在发生的进行意义的行为，亦可表示-个持续时间的延续性的行为动作。过去分词可以表示完成意义的行为或状态，及物动词的过去分词亦有被动意义，不及物动词的过去分词仍是主动意义。

When I came in, I saw her _______(dance)happily.

I often hear her _____(sing) songs in English in her room.

They had the lights _______(burn) all night long.

I saw Li Ping ____(pass) by and enter the next room just now.

The mother will have the doctor _______(examine)her son again.

Tomorrow I'll have my hair ____(cut)

When I got home I found the window ______(break)and the thief ____(go) away already.

When they returned to their hometown, after an absence of twenty years, they found everything

________(change)

3.做表语：

不定式和动名词做表语解释主语内容，且可以和主语颠倒，意思仍然通顺，回答what的问题。它们有时存在经常性和一次性行为的区别，分词做表语表明主语的性质、特征和状态，不能和主语颠倒，可以回答how的问题。

Her job is cleaning offices.(What is her job?) (=___________________________)

Our job today is to clean the office.(=____________________________________)

The news is very exciting.(How is the news?)

They are very tired after a long walk.

The door is locked now.

The children are well dressed these days.

4.做定语：

不定式做定语与先行词有动宾、主谓和解释先行词内容等关系。在时态上常是将来意义，现在分

词做定语是现在时或进行时态意义；过去分词做定语则是完成时态意义。此外，不定式做定语时只能后

置，不可前置，而单个分词做定语可前置，分词短语做定语则须后置。动名词做定语，须前置，且要重

读，它表明先行词的用途。而分词做定语表明先行词的性质、特征和状态。

a swimming boy=_____________________ a swimming pool=_____________________

the boiling water=the water that is boiling drinking water=water for drinking

Today I have a letter to write.

Please find a man to help us.

It is a good chance _______________________________.练习你的口语

I like reading books written by Lu Xun.

The woman ___________________ is our English teacher.站在那边的

The house to be built (=_______________________________) next year will be our new library.

The house being built (=____________________) now will be our new library.

The house built (=_______________) last year is our new library now.

5.做状语：

不定式和分词做状语各有不同分工。动词不定式多做目的、结果和原因状语，且多放在句末；分词

可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式状语，多置于句首，做伴随状语，多放在后面。分词用于go doing

结构中作目的状语。

(1).目的状语：通常有不定式表示，由于不定式的客观性和将来性特征。不定式前还可加上in order，so as来加强说话的口气。但so as to通常不用于句首。

The Smiths have gone to London to spend their holidays.

I came here (in order/so as) to hear the report.

In order to(不用so as to) see better, we took front seats.

(2)．时间状语：分词作时间状语相当于时间状语从句。现在分词作时间状语一般位于句首，表示的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生，有时现在分词前可以加上时间连词。如果分词动作发生在谓语动词之前，用现在分词的完成体形式。过去分词作时间状语与谓语动词构成同时性和被动意义。分词前有时加上时间连词。

Arriving (=_______________) at the bus stop, he found his sister there.

Waiting (=__________________) to see the doctor, I met with a friend of mine.

Having (=____________) made full preparations, we are ready for an examination.

Having (=___________) finished his homework, he went to bed.

After finishing his homework, he went to bed.

Seen (=_____________________) from the hill, the town looks more beautiful.

Locked (=__________________) up in the room, he found himself isolated from the outer world.

___________________________, he said he was glad to do so.当请他作演讲时

______________, he will go all out to do his work.一旦康复

(3)．原因状语：不定式作原因状语往往用于形容词之后,这些形容词通常是happy, sorry, fortunate, angry, glad, ashamed, discouraged, delighted, frightened, shocked等。分词作原因状语相当于原因状语从句。一般位于句首。

I am sorry to hear that you are not well.

I'm very sorry ________________________________让你久等了

We are greatly delighted to have a native as our guide.

Being (=____________) ill all last year, he lived in a sanatorium.

__________________________, he couldn't buy the dictionary that he wanted. 由于没有钱

Having (=______________) been asked to stay, they couldn't possibly leave right away.

Moved (=_______________) by the heroic deeds of the PLA man, he burst into tears.

(4)．条件状语：通常用分词来表示，相当于条件状语从句。一般位于句首。

Turning (=__________) to the left，you will see the post office.

United (=________________), we stand; divided (=if we are divided), we fall.

Given (=___________________n) more time, he would be able to do better.

(5)．结果状语从句：不定式作结果状语通常用于so+形容词或副词+as to，such+名词+as to，too…to，enough to和only to等结构。现在分词作结果状语表示谓语动词的结果。

He arrived late ______________________发现火车开走了

I worked late into the night,_________________________________结果发现我只做完了一半

He was so friendly as to be always helpful to his neighbors.

I ran faster than ever, reaching the schoolyard quite out of breath.

The man died young, ________________________除了债务什么也没有留下。

(6)．让步状语：通常由过去分词来表示，而且前面通常有表示让步意义的though。

______________, the soldier managed to get to the village safely.尽管受伤

___________________________, he still went skating on the thin ice.尽管警告他有危险

(7)．伴随或方式状语：分词作伴随状语通常位于句尾，表示谓语动词正在所处主动或被动的状态。

She ____________ towards us.跑过来

They walked along the streets, ____________________有说有笑

He went into the house, _________________身后跟着几个孩子

He continued to walk up and down, _______________陷入沉思

四、关于there be 的非谓语形式

there be非谓语形式可在句中作主语、宾语、状语和定语

1)作动词宾语时，通常用there to be结构，而不用there being。能这样用的及物动词为：expect，like，mean，intend，want，prefer，hate等，如：

_____________________________________________________，我们不希望有任何同志掉队。

They hate there to be long queues everywhere.______________

We have no objection to___________________________我们并不反对在这里开会。

2)作状语多用there being结构，但若置于介词for之后要用there to be

_______________________________,I had to do by myself．由于附近没有人，我只得独自干了。(原因状语)

It’s too early__________________________太早了，还不会有人起床。(作程度状语)

_________________________________________，the ground was very dry．

因为好长时间没下雨了，地面非常干燥。(原因状语)

3)作主语时两种结构都可以，但如是用for引导则要用there to be.

It is not uncommon for there to be problems of communication between old and young．

老人与年青人之间存在着沟通问题是很常见的。

_________________________on campus is a great convenience to female teachers．

校园内有儿园对女教师十分方便。

篇10：《十六年前的回忆》教案学案一体化设计

《十六年前的回忆》教案学案一体化设计

篇11：《陋室铭》复习教学案一体化.doc 教案教学设计

教学目标：1理解并掌握重要字词。

2体会作者的情怀。

文白参读；加深记忆。

山不在高，有仙则名。水不在深，有龙则灵。斯是陋室，惟吾德馨。

苔痕上阶绿，草色入帘青。谈笑有鸿儒，往来无白丁。可以调素琴，阅金经。无丝竹之乱耳，无案牍之劳形。

南阳诸葛庐，西蜀子云亭。孔子云：“何陋之有？”

练习巩固：

一古今异义词

1谈笑有鸿儒

2无案牍之劳形

3惟吾德馨

4无丝竹之乱耳

二词类活用：

1山不在高，有仙则名。水不在深，有龙则灵

2无丝竹之乱耳，无案牍之劳形

三、作者身居陋室，为什么借用孔子的话说“何陋之有？”你觉得作者追求的是怎样的`一种生活情趣？

四比较下列各组句子中加点词的意思。

1山不在高，有仙则名

军书十二卷，卷卷有爷名

尝驾黄鹤返憩于此，遂以名楼

2斯是陋室，

毋以是占我花石地

3孔子云：“何陋之有？”

吾江南人斩竹而薪之

然穷其所生之地

五文中点睛之笔是哪句？找出并翻译。

篇12：人教版 高三unit4 intergrating skills教案学案一体化

Teaching aims and requirements:

1. Get a better understanding of the whole passage.

2. Master the language points in the passage.

Teaching procedure:

Step 1. Lead-in

1. What was Darwin famous for?

2. What is the main idea of the book?

Step 2 Fast reading

1.How many parts can the passage be divided into according to the meaning of the passage?

2. Summarize the main idea of each part.

Part I -- Para 1-3:

Part II--Para 4-5:

Part III--Para 6:

Part IV--Pa7:

Step 3 Careful reading

Read the passage carefully and do the comprehension on the next page.

1.Darwin observed that the birds with __ would eat___.

A. small beaks ; hard seeds B. broad beaks；hard seeds

C. hard beaks；hard seeds D. broad beaks；soft seeds

2.Darwin joined the scientific expedition on___．

A.Endeavour B.Tahiti C.the Beagle D.space

3. What was the purpose of Mendel’s experiments?

A.His purpose was based on his love nature.

B. His purpose was to support the ideas concerning the influence of environment upon plants.

C. His purpose was based on the influence of environment upon plants.

4. The belief of the scientists of the nineteenth century was _____

A.The influence of the environment led to the development of new species.

B.The influence of the environment had no effect on new species.

C. different varieties of species depended on different environments

D. Genetics led to the development of new species.

5. The research by Darwin, Mendel and Turesson shows that___.

A.genetics is more important than the environment to plants

B genetics is less important than the environment to plants

C. both genetics and the environment are important to plants

D. neither genetics nor the environment is important to plants

Step 4 Language points

1.(P1.L1) …to experiment and do whatever he liked.

句中whatever引导名词性从句,在句中作宾语,它还可以作主语表语等.当引导名词性从句时不能用no matter what替换.

2.(P1. L4) Darwin’s observations on that voyage led him to write his famous book…

lead to 是一个活跃的词组，意为“通向”、“导致”、“使得”等等，其常见的结构是 lead to sth. 或 lead sb.to sth . 或lead sb. to do sth.。如：

All roads______ Rome. 条条道路通罗马。

There is only one path ________ the castle. 只有一条小路通往城堡。

Hard work and proper ways will ________success. 勤奋的工作和正确的方法会使你成功。 What______________________? 是什么使得你相信他的?

3.(P2. L2) …and deserved special attention.

deserve vt. 这个词字面意思是“值得”、“该受到”，可褒可贬。用到的场合其实挺多的。

① I think you're playing with fire. You deserve it! 你是老鼠戏猫，真是自作自受！

② How dare you do this to me? You deserve a kick in the ass!你竟敢这样对我？找打啊？

③ Such a little boy has to work to support his family. It deserves sympathy.

If you do wrong, you deserve punishment.

If you do wrong, you deserve punishing.

If you do wrong, you deserve to be punished.

类似的词还有：need; want; require

4.(P.2,L1)It was … that give him the key to his new theory.使他获得创建新理论的要领.

the key to sth./doing sth. …的关键, …的答案

①This is the key to the improvement of their living conditions.

② This is the key to world peace.

the answer to_____________

the entrance to__________

the solution to____________

the bridge to____________

the limit to______________

the note to_______________

the guide to____________

the response to____________

the attitude to_____________

the momunent to_________________

5.(P4. L4) …the ideas concerning the influence of environment upon plants...

a declaration concering the war关于战争的宣言

concern oneself with/in 关心… be concerned in从事… ,与… 有关连

as concerns=concering关于…

① I wrote to the head of the firm concerning a business arrangement.

② He refused to answer questions concerning his private life.

6.(P5. L4) It would take a next generation of scientists to bring the importance of the environment on species back in view.

bring sth back in view重现在视野

come in view出现在视野

in view (of)在视力所及的范围,看得见的地方

in view 可以看见；在考虑之中；计划好的

① There was not a house in view.（看见）

②He wants to find work, but he has nothing particular in view. (考虑)…但他没有具体的目标。

③ In view of his youth, the police have decided not to press charges. (考虑到； 由于；鉴于)

7.(P.7,L3)such as soil conditions, is of equal importance to the output of crop.

对粮食农作物产量具有同样重要的意义.

be of +抽象名词=be+该词的形容词

be of importance=be important

be of value=be valuable

be of +the size/age/weight/kind/height etc.这类抽象名词没有相应的形容词.

They are of the same age but of different height.他们同龄但不一样高.

Useful phrases in this passage:

1. 享受做试验的充分自由 Enjoy all the freedom to experiment

2. 值得特别重视 Deserve special attention

3. 明显与…相关 show a clear relationship with

4. 有关 Be related to

5. 用花朵和豌豆实验 Conduct his experiments with flowers and peas

6. 代代相传 Pass on from one generation to the next

7. 导致遗传学的产生Give birth to the science of genetics

8. 形成理念 Form the belief

9. 研究玫瑰的变异情况 Study many varieties of garden roses

10. 重新认识环境对物种的重要性 Bring the importance of the environment on spices in view

11. 大叶 Broad leaves

12. 外形改变 Change one’s appearance

13. 适应新环境 Adapt to the new environment

14. 靠近地表生长 Grow close to the ground

Step5 Writing

达尔文年轻时想干什么就干什么。他对物理化学和植物学有着特别的爱好。22岁时，

他就应邀参加了“小猎犬号”的科学考察。他在考察中的仔细观察使他写出了著作《物

种起源》。这次探险也给了他创建新理论的钥匙。

门德尔也做了有关环境对植物影响的实验。他发现许多特性是代代相传的，并不受环境

的影响，这导致了遗传学的产生。杜尔松通过研究也发现如果植物从某一生长地迁到另

一生长地，他们的外形也随之改变，以适应新的环境。

达尔文、门德尔和杜尔松的研究表明，遗传和环境都很重要。这一点值得特别重视。他

们的发现具有重大意义。

Step 6 Homework

Review what is learned in this period.

Write down the shot passage.

Finish English weekly (unit 4)

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

It was the night before the composition was due. As I looked at the list of topics (题目) , ”The Art of Eating Spaghetti (意大利面条) “ caught my eye. The word ”spaghetti“ brought back the

36 of an evening at Uncle Alien' s in Belleville 37 all of us were seated around the table and Aunt Pat 38 spaghetti for supper. Spaghetti was an exotic (外来的) treat in 39 days. Never had I eaten spaghetti, and 40 of the grown-ups had enough experience to be 41 it. What laughing 42 we had about the 43 respectable method for moving spaghetti from plate to mouth. 44 , I wanted to write about that, but I wanted to 45 it down simply for my own 46 , not for Mr. Fleagle, my composition teacher. 47 , I would write something else.

When I finished it the night was half gone and there was no 48 left to write a proper composition for Mr. Fleagle. There was no choice next morning but to 49 my work. Two days passed before Mr. Fleagle returned the 50 papers. He said, ”Now, class, I want to read you a composition, “The Art of Eating Spaghetti'. \"

My words! He was reading my words out 51 to the whole class. 52 laughed, then the whole class was laughing with open-hearted enjoyment. I did my best not to show 53 , but what I was feeling was pure happiness, 54 my words had the power to make people 55 .

36. A. memory B. thought C. knowledge D. experience

37. A. when B. where C. since D. after

38. A. cooked B. served C. got D. made

39. A. their B. past C. last D. those

40. A. none B. one C. earns D. neither

41. A. careful about B. good at C. fond of D. interested in

42. A. speeches B. lessons C. sayings D. arguments

43. A. nearly B. naturally C. officially D. socially

44. A. Especially B. Probably C. Suddenly D. Fortunately

45. A. settle B. put C. Bite D. let

46. A. work B. story C. luck D. joy

47. A. However B. Therefore C. As for him D. Except for that

48. A. time B. excuse C. way D. idea

49. A. give up B. continue C. hand in D. delay

50. A. written B. graded C. collected D. calmly

51. A. laid B. fast C. publicly D. calmly

52. A. People B. Nobody C. Somebody D. I

53. A. shock B. wonder C. worry D. pleasure

54. A. if B. for C. while D. although

55. A. excited B. satisfied C. think D. laugh

篇13：汉魏晋诗教学案一体化 教案教学设计

汉魏晋诗三首教学案一体化 教案教学设计

高二年级语文教学案一体化      第三册第一单元

4  汉魏晋诗三首

◆学法建议

学习《迢迢牵牛星》、《归园田居》以鉴赏诗句为主，鉴赏炼字炼句的表达效果，情景交融的艺术特点。如“盈盈一水间，脉脉不得语”，写牛郎织女虽一水之隔，却“不得语”，只能含情脉脉，隔河相望。情景并生，哀怨毕现。表情深切，情景交融，声情并茂，雅俗兼得。又如《归园田居》中“误落尘网中”，一个“误”字，包含了多少辛酸和沧桑！

学习《白马篇》，以鉴赏人物形象为主，重点鉴赏揭示人物外在美和内在美的艺术手法。反复诵读。比较诵读四言诗、骚体诗、五言诗，体会这三种诗句的节拍、韵律特点。

◆词语识记

迢迢：形容路途遥远。

【相关词条】千里迢迢、迢迢万里：形容路程很远。

纤纤：形容细长秀美。

【相关词条】纤纤玉手：形容女子手臂的细长秀美。

机杼：u指织布机。本篇用的是这个意思。杼，本指织布机上的梭子。

v比喻诗文的构思和布局。

【相关词条】自出机杼、独出机杼：比喻诗文能创造出新的意境、风格和题材，有新的构思和布局。

相去无几：u相距相隔不远。v相差不大，没有多少。

【相关词条】相去甚远：相差很大，相距很远。

脉脉：相视而含情不语的样子。

【相关词条】脉脉含情、含情脉脉：相视而含情不语。  脉脉传情：相视而不说话，借眉目传递情意。  默默：不说话，不出声。

盈盈一水：清澈的一条水。比喻相隔两地，互相思念。

【相关词条】盈盈带水：同“一衣带水”，像一条衣带那样窄的水，形容仅隔一条水，往来方便。

沉吟：u沉思吟咏。v遇到复杂或疑难的事，迟疑不决，低声自语。

【相关词条】沉吟不决：遇到复杂或疑难的事，迟疑不决，默默地琢磨着。

嘉宾：美好、高贵的客人。

【相关词条】嘉宾满座：高贵的、好的客人坐满了座席。

月明星稀：月亮明亮，星星稀少。后比喻伟大的人物出现，才能小的人相形见绌。

【相关词条】嘉宾满座：高贵的、好的客人坐满了座席。

山不厌高：山不嫌高。后比喻品德越高尚越好。

【相关词条】山高水长：形容人的品德高尚，像山一样高，像水一样长。  山高水低：比喻意外发生的不幸事情，多至死亡。  山高水险：指行进道路上的艰难险阻。  山高水远：路途遥远，山势险峻。

天下归心：天下的英才都心悦诚服地前来归顺。

【相关词条】归心似箭：形容想回家的信十分急切。（注意两个“归心”的意义不同。）

守拙：守住愚拙。

鸡鸣狗吠：鸡狗鸣叫。多形容聚居稠密。

【相关词条】鸡鸣狗盗：比喻微小的、卑下的技能。

樊笼：鸟笼，比喻不自由的境地。在本篇“久在樊笼里”中特指官场生活。

【相关词条】樊篱：篱笆，比喻对事物的限制。

◆ 诗文背诵

这篇课文所选的3首诗，意境情趣迥异，各为代表作，都要求全篇背下来。

迢迢牵牛星（原诗见课本）

【背诵提示】

这首诗共10行，层层深入，一气呵成，哀婉动人；而且连用6个叠音形容词，加上偶句押韵，随韵成趣，堪为《古诗十九首》的代表作。把握这些特点有利于背诵这首诗。

诗的开头两句从远景写起，遥望银河中的牵牛星、织女星，“迢迢”写距离之远，“皎皎”状星光之亮，展示了一幅夜秋星空的图画。

接下来两句诗人将视线移到织女星，写织女织布，“纤纤”绘素手之形，“札札”摹织布之声，先人后物，形美声繁，形声生情。

再四句，织女织布不成，泪如雨下。银河清浅，相去不远，可是不能相会，揭示现实和愿望的矛盾。由事而人，再到人之幽思。

末两句，仅一水之隔，却“不得语”，只能含情脉脉，隔河相望。“盈盈”描水之物貌，“脉脉”传人之情貌，景情并生，情景交融。

短歌行   （原诗见课本）

【背诵提示】

这一首四言诗，共32句，基本上每8句为一个层次。

开头4句，起笔即表忧伤之情：功业未成，盛年易逝，“去日苦多”，忧思何解？接着4句，激昂不平，只好以酒消忧，显出几分无奈。

再8句，不禁吟出《诗经子衿》表明对贤才的渴慕，又引出《诗经鹿鸣》表达纳贤才的迫切。

又8句，这种心情有如明月运行，“不可断绝”；远客来访，“心念旧恩”，深深感激。

结尾8句，先从两个角度比喻，一方面，乌鹊“绕树”比喻贤才在寻找依托，哪儿才是可以托身的地方？言下之意只有我曹操麾下；另一方面，“山不厌高，水不厌深”比喻明主不嫌众多，透露自己慕贤若渴的心情。最后以周公那样“一饭三吐哺”自比，表明要虚心对待贤者，从而得到天下人的衷心归顺和拥戴。

全诗一会儿写嘉宾谈宴，一会儿写思慕贤才，曲曲折折，反反复复，充分表达了曹操渴求贤才、建立功业的恳切心情和远大抱负。

归园田居（原诗见课本）

【背诵提示】

全诗20句，用朴实的语言描绘平平淡淡的田园农家生活，鲜明表现“性本爱丘山”“复得返自然”的品性和喜悦。

前4句回忆弃官前。陶渊明“性本爱丘山”，可随俗当官而“误落尘网中”，从少年算起“一去三十年”。

中12 句叙写归田园。本性难移，正如“羁鸟恋旧林，池鱼思故渊”，于是弃官归田，开荒，守拙，生活在自己开垦的田园：近有方宅、榆柳和桃李，远有人村、狗吠和鸡鸣。

末4句回到眼前，“户庭无尘杂，虚室有余闲”，环境清幽，心境闲适，更知以前“久在樊笼里”，而现在“复得返自然”，深感喜悦和慰藉。

※           ※          ※

曹操是建安风骨的代表人物，他的许多诗句显出那种特有的慷慨之气。

●白骨露于野，千里无鸡鸣。  （《龟虽寿》）

--东汉末年关东州郡将领讨伐董卓时互争权利，战乱给人民造成严重灾难。这两句描写生灵惨遭涂炭的悲惨景象。

●老骥伏枥，志在千里；烈士暮年，壮心不已。  （《龟虽寿》）

--枥：马槽。烈士：怀有雄心壮志的正义人士。处在天下三分时代的曹操，是一位杰出的政治家和军事家。他虽然步入暮年，却以“老骥”自比，依然不损千里之“志”，依然“壮心不已”，豪情满怀。

陶渊明堪称田园诗之祖，他的田园诗历代都被广为传诵。

饮  酒（其二）

结庐在人境，而无车马喧。

问君何能尔？心远地自偏。

采菊东篱下，悠然见南山。

山气日夕佳，飞鸟相与还。

此中有真意，欲辩已忘言。

【背诵提示】

开头四句，说只要心境旷远，就不会受到世俗的干扰，虽然“结庐在人境”，却无“无车马”的喧嚣，概括说，便是“心远地自偏”。下面是传为千古名句的“采菊东篱下，悠然见南山”，诗人采菊东篱，是在不经意间目遇南山（即庐山）。接下来，诗人在暮岚紫霭、归鸟返飞之中，感受到造物的奥秘，参透了生的“真谛”，只是“欲辩已忘言”。

然而，如果联系陶渊明的其他作品来考察，他在本诗中通过一系列意象所隐约暗示的人生真理还是可以探索的：南山的永恒、山气的美好、飞鸟的自由，不正是体现了自然的伟大、圆满与充实，尤其是自在自足无外求的本质吗？那么，人的短促的一生，除了归依自然、顺应自然，在自然的永恒、美好、自由中感受到自己生命的意义外，还有什么可追求的呢？

所以说，这首诗仍然是陶渊明的人生理想的寄托，只是偏重有所不同。

归园田居（其三）

种豆南山下，草盛豆苗稀。

晨兴理荒秽，带月荷锄归。

道狭草木长，夕露沾我衣。

衣沾不足惜，但使愿无违。

【背诵提示】

诗人有不少诗歌抒写体力劳动的艰苦和由此带来的心理上的宁静乃至安乐，这首《归园田居》（其三）是意境最美的。

诗歌写自己“种豆南山下”，“晨兴理荒秽”，直到晚上才“带月荷锄归”，劳作是艰辛的；而且庄稼种得并不好，劳动效果不佳，有两句诗都写草长得茂盛，一句“草盛豆苗稀”，另一句“道狭草木长”。可是诗人并不在意这些，哪怕“夕露沾我衣”，只要自己“愿无违”便感到欣慰和快乐了。结尾两句再次说明，陶渊明之写田园生活，写体力劳动，实际都是在歌咏自己归隐田园与自然的人生理想，并显示出理想获得实现的愉快。

4 美文诵读

诗 意   赵丽宏

诗意是什么？

不同的人可能有不同的理解和回答。大概永远也不会有一个公式化的标准答案。不过我以为有一点是没有疑问的，诗意是一种美，是一种崇尚美的精神之光的闪烁，是自由的心灵在广阔世界飞翔时撞击出的美丽火花。

只要生命存在，诗意就不会消失。

大自然给予人类的诗意是最丰富最缤纷多姿的。如果你愿意去寻找去感受，诗意每时每刻它都会出现在你的眼帘，荡漾在你的心胸。

烂漫春光里有诗意，萧瑟秋景中也能找到诗意。诗人可为春日暖雨中蔓延的新绿谱写诗行，也可面对秋风中飘舞的金色落叶动情咏唱。

夏日的炎阳照耀着一朵初绽的莲花是一首诗，初冬的冷雨敲打着湖面衰败的残荷也是一首诗。

诗意的产生，常常是突然而又自然。你无法预知它的到来，而当它出现时，你总是深深为之陶醉。譬如在冰天雪地中行走时，蓦然见到一株灿然怒放的梅花；譬如在乌云弥漫时，一缕耀眼的阳光突然穿过云层的缝隙照亮地面；譬如早晨从奇妙的梦中醒来，发现惊醒你的是窗外一只不知名的小鸟在歌唱……

我想，例子是永远也举不完的。因为，不同的人在不同的自然环境中会感受到不同的诗意。而我们所拥有的大自然是何等辽阔多彩。

现代人，尤其都市人，面对古诗中所描绘的大自然的机会似乎是越来越少了。我们更多的是面对各种各样的钢筋水泥建筑，面对无数熟悉与不熟悉的脸孔，面对茫茫人海。

人群中当然也能找到诗意，这种诗意往往比大自然的诗意更温馨更深沉，更使人为之心弦颤动。

有人说：“世界上最美丽的风景，是人。”这种说法，本身就富有诗意，是对人世间美好景象的一种诗意的解释。有些人只是从人的外表中发现诗意，譬如少女的明眸和秀发，譬如在音乐中翩然作舞的青春肢体……而真正韵味悠长，意境幽深的，是出自心灵的诗意。这样的诗意无须用语言解释，譬如母亲聆听新生儿的啼哭，譬如热恋中的情侣互相凝视的目光，有时甚至只是会心地莞尔一笑，只是一声含泪的叹息……

是的，在人群中寻觅诗意，其实是一种对真诚的渴望，渴望真诚的友情，渴望真诚的爱和被爱，渴望真诚的呼唤能得到真诚的回报。有时候，相识几十年的熟人会形同陌路，对方的灵魂永远被一堵墙封锁着。有时候，陌生的心灵却会在一瞬间碰撞出美丽璀璨的火花。那一瞬间，可能是茫茫人潮中一次邂逅。目光似乎是不经意地相遇，却毫无阻隔地也看见了对方的心灵。也许从此便消失在人海中，永远再无相逢的机会，可是记忆中却点燃起一盏不灭的灯。只要你想起人海中那一缕清澈透明的目光，心中的这盏灯便会发出晶莹动人的光芒。

诗意也是一种激情，这种激情的抒发常常如喷泉涌动瀑布飞泻，它是人类良知和智慧的情不自禁的流露。

因幸福和欢乐忘情歌哭是诗意，譬如亲人久别重逢时泪眼相向、抱头失声，譬如游子返乡时手捧故乡泥土深情长吻……

面对同类的灾祸和危难，见义勇为、奋力相助，这也是诗意。曾经看过一部难忘的电影：一个幼儿失足跌落在深井中，无数素不相识的人从四面八方赶采，为抢救在黑暗的地下挣扎的幼小生命齐心协力、不分日夜地拼搏，终于驱逐了死神。孩子被救出地面时，欢呼的泪水汇成一片激情的海洋……这样的故事和场面，在地球的每个角落都可能发生，谁说这不是诗意呢?

面对残忍和凶暴发出愤怒的呼喊，也可以是诗意的宣泄。目睹人间惨剧后进洒出悲戚的热泪，发出哀恸的长叹，也可以是诗意的绝响……

有时候，在孤独中同样能寻求到诗意。

陶渊明的.“采菊东篙下，悠然见南山”，便是这样的意境；王摩诘的“独坐幽篁里，弹琴复长啸。林深人不知，明月来相照”，也是这样的意境。远离尘嚣，陶然于大自然永恒的宁静，当然是诗意盎然，现代人几乎已无法体会这种独酌天籁、陶然忘忧的快乐，而这种快乐是多么的迷人。

现代的喧嚣常常使心灵疲惫，寻求诗意的心灵却可以在喧嚣中进入一种孤独的状态。这种孤独绝不是与世隔绝、超凡入圣，而是暂时忘却尘世的烦恼，独自一人默默地遐想。诗人好比夜莺，坐在漆黑之中用优美的声音唱着自己的孤独。现代人生活空间的狭窄和闭塞无法封锁心灵的翔舞，自由的思绪和幻想的翅膀可以飞向任何你想抵达的目标。也许有人会哑然失笑：这不是白日做梦吗?不错，为什么不能呢?美妙的梦不常常是美妙现实的序曲或雏形吗?

梦和现实当然不能同日而语，梦醒之后现实依旧，尘世的喧嚣会扑面而来。然而你在幻想中经历过的美妙片刻却再也不会从心中消失。即便现实严酷，你却不至于忘记了理想的境界是何种模样，你会从头开始去寻找……

是的，没有梦的人生，才真正是长夜漫漫、暗无天日的人生。

诗意，是活泼的生命在生活中发现或者创造的一种情调。不管生活的节奏发生多么巨大的变化，酿成这种情调的土壤却永远存在着。

当然，并不是所有的心灵都能感受诗意撒播诗意。当你的心被浮躁或者冷漠笼罩，当你对生活和人生丧失了激情和爱，那么诗意便会离你而去，就像小鸟毫不迟疑地飞离凋零的枯枝。

一位西方哲人曾这样说过：我愿把未来的名望寄托在一首小诗上，而不是十部巨著上。十部巨著可能会随着时光的流逝被人忘记得干干净净，一首优美而真挚的小诗却可能长久地拨动人们的心弦--只要人们的心中还存有诗意。

不一定非要用分行押韵的文字写诗，我们都可能成为诗人。当你面对辽阔的世界高扬灵魂的旗帜，当你无拘无束地让发自内心的欢笑、歌哭、呐喊和叹息在人海中激起回声，当你的心弦因真情的呼唤而颤动……

是的，假如你能够感受到生活中的诗意，你就永远不要悲哀，你可以和骄傲的先哲们一起，吟诵那首童话一般的诗--

诗人是世上唯一的君主，

他的节杖可伸及最遥远的地方，

当帝王在被遗忘的王座边变成尘土

诗人的感情却依旧被人们缅怀。

即便是在风沙弥漫的荒漠，

他的诗也会长成一排翠绿的白杨。

【诵读点拨】

不再为花事迷乱而效颦蹙眉，不再有哈姆雷特式的患得患失，面对刺心的白眼无须凭双拳来为自己壮胆，一次踏青郊游后的疲乏整整二十四小时也难以消除……

这，便是生命的滋味。

犹如炎阳逞尽了威势渐渐冷却，浆果蒸馏了酸涩终于醇厚，生命之秋充实而宁静，淡泊而辽远。她引逗人时常地堕入回忆的网里，“感时因忆事，不寝到鸡鸣”。使人在悔悟交作并会心的微笑中，揉搓着自己的悲欢冷暖、甘苦辛甜，咂吮着天、地、人、神这四重结构的荣枯、盛衰、有无、生灭之机理，营养余岁。

4 故 事 悟 思

让今天更有价值

在美国，有一个普通公民，43岁时发现患了癌症。初时怨恨、眼泪、诅咒、孤独、绝望、自杀念头都有过，但是没过多久，他沉静了下来。他将“泪泉”变为“甘泉”，将“血雨”化成“春雨”，直到人生的厄运。他看劳作的农夫，远方的落日；听树林的音响，鸟儿的鸣叫……大自然使他增添了生活的勇气。在家庭聚会上，他对妻子和两儿两女说：“我要尽可能地活下去，我已从今天起接受化学治疗。我希望你们帮助我，让我能有勇气面对这个不治之症。我们都不愿意死去，但也不要害怕死亡，我们仍可创造幸福美好的明天。”

他振作起精神，将自己的感觉写成文章：“我诅咒怎么会有这样一个上帝，他会让如此痛苦的事情在我身上发生。而现在，我再也不会怨天尤人了。当我在夏夜里听到一个孩子的哭声、发现周围人们的善意、把手放在胸前感受心脏的跳动时，我知道，这就是生活。我知道自己非常幸运，有一个对我体贴入微的妻子，

很多美妙的事情在我们之间发生，我们就是生活奇迹的一部分。”

之后，他发起组织一个特殊的集会，商定18名癌症患者每月相聚一次，互相帮助摆脱心理上的阴影，愉快地去赢得新的生命。他们共同寻求解决问题的方法，尽可能争取多活些时间。他将这个机构定名为“让今天更有价值”。

【哲思启迪】

意志坚强，便可战胜厄运，软弱是灾难的翅膀，困厄中更需要奋斗，而且只有这种奋斗才会激发出比日常生活多出若干倍的生命力量。

人的生命总是有限的，这是谁也改变不了的事实；有限的生命里，又总会有各种遭遇。我们所能做的便是：不怨天尤人，把每一天的日子都过成自己盛大的节日，“让今天更有价值”。

◆ 课外练习  （一）单选题

1、对朱熹《偶成》一诗，分析不当的一项是（    ）

少年易老学难成，一寸光阴不可轻。未觉池塘春草梦，阶前梧叶已秋声。

A、“少年”指青年，“一寸”极言短且小。

B、“觉”，睡。“未觉”“梦”“已秋声”形容时光宝贵。

C、“池塘春草梦”比喻青春期的欢乐生活，写得含蓄有味。

D、全诗旨在勉励青年人刻苦学习，不要只图眼前快乐而浪费青春。

2、阅读白居易的《花非花》，解说不正确的一项是（   ）

花非花，雾非雾；夜半来，天明去。来如春梦几多时？去似朝云无觅处。

A、诗的前四句应读作“花非/花，雾非/雾；夜半/来，天明/去”这四句赞美花和雾的轻柔美丽、多姿多态、变幻莫测。

B、“来如春梦几多时”承接“夜半来”而写，“夜半来”者春梦也，春梦虽美却短暂，于是引出“来如春梦几多时？”

C、“去似朝云无觅处”承接“天明去”而写，“天明去”者朝霞也，云霞虽美却易幻灭，于是引出“去似朝云无觅处”。

D、全诗表现出一种对于生活中曾经存在过，而现在已经消逝了的美好的人与物的追念、惋惜之情。

（二）比较阅读：阅读下面两首诗，完成1-2题。

题乌江    杜牧

胜败兵家事不期，包羞忍耻是男儿。

江东子弟多才俊，卷土重来未可知。           乌江亭    王安石

百战疲劳壮士衰，中原一败势难回。

江东子弟今虽在，肯为君王卷土来。

[注]乌江，今安徽省和县四十里长江岸的乌江浦。史传项羽兵败乌江无颜见江东父老，乃自刎。

1、对这两首诗字句的解说，不恰当的一句是（   ）

A、杜诗中“事不期”的“期”用字工稳，明确指出兵家胜败之事是难以预料的，与后一句对应，从对待挫折和失败的态度上，褒扬了项羽的功过。

B、王诗站在历史的高度，从总结历史经验入手，认为项羽在政治上丧失人心，“肯为君王卷土来”的反诘，一语破的，其失败是必然的。

C、两诗中的“江东”都指江南，古代以东为左，“江东”又称“江左”，而“江表”的“表”是“外”意，从中原（黄河流域）来说，江南在长江以外，所以江东、江左、江表都指江南。

D、诗中的“江东子弟多才俊”与王诗中的“肯为君王卷土来”表达了江东子弟愿意帮助项王卷土重来的决心。

2、对这两首诗赏析不当的一项是（   ）

A、杜诗认为，项羽兵败只是性格悲剧，若是遭到曲折就灰心丧气，含羞自刎，那就算不上真正的英雄。

B、杜诗赞扬“江东子弟”，认为他们是忠于项王，支持项王东山再起的；王诗则贬抑“江东子弟”，认为他们已经背弃项王，不肯为项王效力。

C、两首诗中都有“江东子弟”句，但杜诗写其多俊才，点出“卷土重来”不是不可能的；王诗则说再也不肯为项王“卷土重来”卖命，指出“卷土重来”的不可能性。

D、两诗都属咏史诗，借古讽今，各从褒扬和贬抑项羽的不同方面，规劝当朝统治者要从项羽失败中吸取历史教训，以史为鉴，治好国家。

参 考 答 案

（一）、1、B（觉，醒）

2、A（应该读作“花/非花，雾/非雾”，这四句是以花和雾来比较作者思念吟咏的对象）

（二）、1、D（王诗中“肯为君王卷土来”是反诘语气，而非表示肯定）

2、B（王诗不是贬抑江东弟子）

教学案一体化实验回顾

教案、学案的研讨

‘教案’教案与导学案的区别

对数函数及其性质说课稿

《对数函数及其性质》说课稿

对数函数教案学案一体化.doc

将本文的Word文档下载到电脑，方便收藏和打印

推荐度：

点击下载文档