大学英语四级考试语法：52现在分词和过去分词的用法

以下是小编精心整理的大学英语四级考试语法：52现在分词和过去分词的用法，本文共3篇，希望对大家有所帮助。本文原稿由网友“左脚是这个晖”提供。

篇1：大学英语四级考试语法：52现在分词和过去分词的用法

现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示“主动和进行”，过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。

1)分词作状语分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。分词做状语时，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。

【例如】

hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. using what you know of word stems and word formations, you can make a guess at the meaning of a new word.

the students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking. accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station.given better attention, the plants could grow better.

he looked tired and depressed, visibly disturbed by the news of his mother's illness.

分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。

【例如】

notshavingsenough hands, we turned to them for help.(we don't have enough hands).

taught by mistakes and setbacks, we have become wiser and handled our affairs better. (we are taught/teach us) .inspired by the international, the working people of all countries have been fighting for their final liberation. (the working people were inspired/ inspire the working people)____the earth to be flat, many feared that columbus would fall off the edge. (cet-4 ,6)

a)shavingsbelieved b) believing c) believed d) being believed

本句意思为：相信地球是平的，许多人担心哥伦布会从边上掉下去。许多人与相信之间是主谓关系，及分词与主语之间为主谓关系。因此，应用现在分词，答案为b.

no matter how frequently ____, the works of beethoven always attract large audiences. (cet-4 1995,6)

a) performing b) performed c) to be performed d) being performed

本句中贝多芬的作品被反复表演，可见分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词，故答案为b.

____as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention. (cet-4 1996,1)

a) being published b) published c) publishing d) to be published

本句中as引导的是让步状语从句，意思为：他的作品尽管在被这样的时候出版，还是引起了关注，可见分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词，故答案为b.

2)“while ( when, once, until, if , though等连词)+分词”结构现在分词或过去分词作状语时，有时可以在分词前加while，when, once, although, until, if等连词。

【例如】

when leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us.while waiting for the train, i had a long talk with my sister about her work..

once recovered, he threw himselfsintoshis work and made every effort to do it well.

although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam.if translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand.

3)分词作定语分词作定语时，单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前，分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系)，过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系)。

【例如】

we will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund.

this is really an exhausting day to all of us!

we can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.

after a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, i forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day.

more and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries.

the young sitting between my sister and my brother is my cousin jack..

as early as 1649 ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be established in every town ____50 households or more. (cet-4 ,1)

a)shavingsb) to have c) to have had d)shavingshad town

后面由分词做定语，而且town本身有50或以上人家，故town与分词间为主谓关系，应该用现在分词，答案为a。

4)分词作宾语补足语现在分词在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官动词和look at, listen to等短语动词以及have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役动词后面与名词或代词构成复合宾语，作宾语补语的成分。

【例如】

on the top of the hill, we could see smoke rising from the chimneys in the village.

the little boy sat beside the railway line and watched the trains roaring by.

we should not leave him wondering what he should do.

i am sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.

i caught him dozing off in class.

过去分词可以在allow, ask, consider, desire, expect, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, like, make, observe, order, permit, prefer, remember, request, require, see, urge动词等后面作宾语补足语。

【例如】

after my encounter with her, i found myself greatly shaken.you should keep her informed of what is going on here.the teacher expected the students well prepared for the examination.

在动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice，perceive，observe, listen to, look at后既可用现在分词做补语,也可用不定式做补语。用现在分词表示动作正在进行,用不定式表示的动作的全过程已经完成。

【例如】

i saw mr. white get off a bus.

i saw mr. white lookingsintosa shop window.

——do you hear someone knocking at the door?

——yes, i did. i heard him knock three times.

5)分词作表语分词作表语通常看作形容词来用。现在分词表示主语的性质，而且主语多为物;过去分词表示主语的感受或状态，主语多为人。

【例如】

the film“pearl harbor”is really exciting. i am excited about it.

his response to the question was quite disappointing. i felt disappointed at his response.

篇2：大学英语四级考试语法基础：分词

1. 现在分词与过去分词的区别

现在分词与过去分词的区别主要体现在时间和语态上。现在分词表示正在进行的动作并表示主动的意义，而过去分词表示已经完成的动作并表示被动的意义。比较：

a changing world(一个变化着的世界);a changed world( 一个已经起变化的世界)

surprising news(令人惊讶的消息);surprised people(感到惊讶的人们)

2. 分词作状语

作状语时，表示时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、让步和伴随情况等。另外，作状语时，它的逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。

hearing the news， he heaved a sigh of relief.

given another chance， i’ll do it much better.

3. 分词作定语

分词常用来修饰名词或代词作定语。单个的分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之前;分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之后。但有些单个的过去分词作定语时，也可放在被修饰词之后。

he’s a spoilt child.

the man standing over there is our new english teacher.

where are we to get the material needed?

4. 分词作宾语补足语

分词可在感觉动词和使役动词后作宾语补足语。常用的感觉动词主要有：see， hear， notice， watch， find， observe， smell等。常用的使役动词主要有：get， have， keep， leave， set， make， let等。此外，分词还可在want， like， wish， order等表示希望、要求、命令等意义的动词后作宾语补足语。

she watched her baby sleeping.

i got my hair cut.

i don’t want you worrying about me.

5. 分词与连词的连用

分词可与各种连词(如：when， while， once， until， if， unless， though， although， even if， as， as if， as though等)连用。连词+分词(短语)的结构在句中作状语，相当于状语从句。

she’ll get nervous when speaking in public.

he went on talking， though continually interrupted.

6. 分词的独立结构

分词作状语时，其逻辑主语与句子的主语应该一致;否则，分词应有自己的逻辑主语，构成分词的独立结构。独立结构一般位于句首，作伴随状语以及在科技文章中表示附加说明时，它常位于句末。分词的独立结构由名词、代词+分词构成，可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随情况等。

weather permitting， the football match will be played on wednesday.

her son having been sent to school， she began to do some shopping.

he returned three days later， his face covered with mud and his clothes torn into pieces.

there were two parties yesterday evening， each attended by some students.

篇3：大学英语四级考试语法：51分词的独立结构

【例如】

the moon has no light of its own, only sunlight shining on it.

(附加说明)

she rushed out the room, the little baby carried in her arms.

(伴随动作)

maggie ran back to the kitchen, eggs held carefully in her hand.

(伴随动作)

they being blind men, how could they see the elephants? ( =as they were blind men... )

(表示原因)

circumstances changed, it is necessary for you to make a new plan.

(表示原因)

a force acting through a distance, work is done. (表示条件)

both bright side and dark side considered, you will have the confidence to overcome this difficulty. (表示条件)

all flightsshavingsbeen cancelled because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.

there be句型和it也能引出分词独立结构，作状语修饰主句，there和it相当于分词的逻辑主语。

【例如】

there being nothing else to do, we went home.

thereshavingsbeen no rain, the plants withered. it being impossible for most students to turn in their papers as scheduled, the teacher decided to give them another two days. the sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience ____on benches, chairs or boxes. (cet 4 2000,1)

a)shavingsseated b) seating c) seated d)shavingsbeen seated

本题考察的是with引导的分词的独立结构，seat一般用被动形式表示主动意思，所以用过去分词，答案为c。

seat可以用于如下句中：he came in and was seated in the chair. please come in and be seated. so many directors____, the board meeting had to be put off. (cet 4 2000,6)

a) were absent b) being absent c) been absent d) had been absent

本题考察的是分词的独立结构,主语与分词之间是主谓关系，因此选择b。

meet的过去式和过去分词和现在分词

sell的过去式和过去分词和现在分词是什么

hang的过去式和过去分词和现在分词是什么

be的过去式和现在分词

怎样才能通过大学英语四级考试

大学英语四级考试语法：52现在分词和过去分词的用法.doc

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