如何应对托福阅读长难句

以下是小编整理的如何应对托福阅读长难句，本文共6篇，欢迎阅读与收藏。本文原稿由网友“庸人自扰”提供。

篇1：如何应对托福阅读长难句

应对托福阅读长难句你需要打好这些基础 长难句复杂修饰成分介绍

托福阅读长难句基础：扩大词汇量

不可否认，掌握句子结构对于分析长难句十分重要，但是要想彻底明白句子的含义，除了掌握句子结构之外，还要有丰富的词汇量。由于托福阅读文章偏学术性，因此不可避免地会出现一些学术词汇。然而，托福文章所涉及的文章体裁十分广泛，想穷尽所有考试中的学术词汇是不切实际的。我们只需在练习时把遇到的学术词汇进行整理，仅仅以“认识单词”为目标，不求会写、会说，这样来积累一定的学术词汇，以保证考试遇到相关学术词汇时头脑中有一个基本的概念。

托福阅读长难句基础：巩固语法知识

长难句之所以看不懂，是因为句子结构分析不清楚。而句子结构分析不清楚，其根本原因就是语法知识掌握得不够牢固。要想把句子结构分析清楚，首先要掌握英语中的五大基本句型。这五种基本句型分别是：

1. 主+谓(例：I swim.)

2. 主+谓+宾(例：I ate an apple.)

3. 主+谓+宾+宾补(例：She found the computer useful.)

4. 主+谓+双宾(例：He gave me a book.)

5. 主+系+表(He is a doctor.)

掌握以上这几种基本句型可以帮助你迅速找到句子的主干，而找到句子的主干是分析句子结构的关键。长难句之所以会感觉到难，是因为句子中含有很多修饰性成分，这些修饰性成分往往给考生分析句子结构带来干扰。因此，考生有必要了解常见的修饰性成分都有哪些。

托福阅读长难句常见复杂修饰性成分介绍

1. 从句(定语从句、状语从句、同位语从句等)

例：This is particularly true for trees in the middle and upper latitudes, which tend to attain greater heights on ridges, whereas in the tropics the trees reach their greater heights in the valley. 这是一个由which引导的定语从句，先行词是前面的trees。

2. 介词短语

例：David Douglas, Scottish botanical explorer of the 1830s, found a disturbing change (in the animal life)(around the fort)(during the period)(between his first visit in 1825 and his final contact with the fort in 1832.)

在这句话中，括号里的都是介词短语，做修饰成分。in the animal life做定语修饰前面的名词change;around the fort做地点状语修饰谓语动词found，说明发现的地点;during the period和between his first visit in 1825 and his final contact with the fort in 1832做时间状语修饰谓语动词found，说明发现的地点。

3. 分词(现在分词、过去分词)

This“atmospheric engine”, invented by Thomas Savery and vastly improved by his partner, Thomas Newcomen, embodied revolutionary principles, but it was so slow and wasteful of fuel that it could not be employed(outside the coal mines)(for which it had been designed.)

这句话中的过去分词invented by Thomas Savery and vastly improved by his partner做后置定语修饰前面的名词engine。

4. 不定式

The growing power of the elite, who controlled the economy, would give them the means to physically coerce people to move to Teotihuacán and serve as additions to the labor force.

不定式做目的状语，表明给予他们方法的目的是什么。

托福阅读备考之长难句分析：创造雅典民主

Cleisthenes' principal contribution to the creation of democracy at Athens was to complete the long process of weakening family and clan structures, especially among the aristocrats, and to set in their place locality-based corporations called demes, which became the point of entry for all civic and most religious life in Athens. (TPO40, 51)

democracy /d?'m?kr?s?/ n. 民主，民主政治，民主制度

clan /kl?n/ n. 宗族，家族;集团，帮会

aristocrat /'?r?st?kr?t/ n. 贵族

civic /'s?v?k/ adj. 城市的;市民的，公民的

大家自己先读，不回读，看一遍是否能理解

Cleisthenes' principal contribution (to the creation of democracy at Athens) was (to complete the long process of weakening family and clan structures), (especially among the aristocrats), and (to set in their place locality-based corporations called demes), (which became the point of entry for all civic and most religious life in Athens. ) (TPO40, 51)

托福阅读长难句100句分析：

这个句子的结构是：

Cleisthenes' principal contribution was 非谓语 and 非谓语

第一个非谓语：(to complete the long process of weakening family and clan structures)

第二个非谓语：(to set in their place locality-based corporations called demes)

修饰一：(to the creation of democracy at Athens)，介词短语

中文：在雅典创造民主

修饰二：(to complete the long process of weakening family and clan structures) ，非谓语动词

中文：完成了减弱家族和宗族结构的长期过程

修饰三：(especially among the aristocrats) ，介词短语

中文：尤其是在贵族间

修饰四：(to set in their place locality-based corporations called demes) ，非谓语动词

中文：在他们所在地方设置基于地点的称之为demes团体

修饰五：(which became the point of entry for all civic and most religious life in Athens. ) ，从句

中文：这成为了雅典所有公民和大多数宗教生活的入口点。

托福阅读长难句100句参考翻译：

Cleisthenes对于创造雅典民主的主要贡献是他完成了减弱家族和宗族结构(尤其是贵族家族和宗族结构)的长期的过程，并且在他们所在地方设置基于地点的称之为demes团体，这成为了雅典所有公民和大多数宗教生活的入口点。

这个句子的主要修饰成分就是从句、介词短语和非谓语动词，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。

托福阅读长难句：守旧派小说

In a period characterized by the abandonment of so much of the realistic tradition by authors such as John Barth，Donald Barthelme，and Thomas Pynchon, Joyce Carol Oates has seemed at times determinedly old-fashioned in her insistence on the essentially mimetic quality of her fiction.

(特殊结构characterized by…——以…为特征)

【译句】尽管处于一个以抛弃大量现实主义传统(以作家约翰?巴思、唐纳德?巴塞尔姆和托马斯.品钦为代表)为特征的时代，乔伊斯?卡罗尔?欧茨因为坚持自己小说本质上模仿的特点，有时候看起来是一个坚定的守旧派。

分句1. characterized by the abandonment of so much of the realistic tradition by authors such as John Barth，Donald Barthelme，and Thomas Pynchon,

分句2. Joyce Carol Oates has seemed at times determinedly old-fashioned in her insistence OD the essentially mimetic quality of her fiction.

分句1 做时间状语“In a period”的后置定语，补充修饰period，相当于省略了 “which was”的定语从句。 分句2 是主句。

整个句子的难点在于找主句。 其实分句1的末尾是 “such as” 引导的三个人名的并列，在最后一个人名Thomas Pynchon前有“and”, 说明这个列举对象中的最后一个。所以整个句子的主干在T P 这个人后面出现。

托福阅读备考之长难句分析：岩石上的水滴

If the pores are large, the water in them will exist as drops too heavy for surface tension to hold, and it will drain away; but if the pores are small enough, the water in them will exist as thin films, too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place; then the water will be firmly held. (TPO 1 Groundwater)

托福阅读长难句句子分析 本句由but引起了前后两个分句，其中都有if引导的条件状语从句，表示两种假设的情况。读懂这种复合句的关键是要迅速找到并理解其主句的谓语部分。本句主句的谓语部分有will exist , will drain away和will exist , will be firmly held。此外，两个分句里都有大家所熟悉的too...to...结构，这里都作后置定语，起修饰作用，意思是“太……以至于不能……”。

词汇精记 ? pores指的是“孔隙”，这里说的是“岩石的孔隙”。

? surface tension指的是“表面张力”。

? film在这里显然不是“电影”，表示“薄膜”，比如：a film of oil on the surface of the water 水面上的一层油。另外，film还有“胶卷”的意思，比如：develop a film 冲洗胶卷。注意film还可以作动词，表示“拍摄”，比如：The explosion had been filmed by an amateur cameraman. 这次爆炸被一位业余摄影师拍摄了下来。

托福阅读长难句参考译文 如果岩石的孔隙很大，其中的水会形成水滴，而这样的水滴太重而足以克服吸引它的表面张力，就会流走;但是如果岩石孔隙足够小，其中的水会形成薄膜，因为太轻而无法克服吸引它的表面张力，从而会牢牢地附着在孔隙表面上。

托福阅读备考之长难句分析：昆虫的数量

The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world's rain forests does not seem surprising，considering the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of the species.

(同位语从句fact that…;定语从句that comprise the bulk…)

【译句】考虑到组成大部分物种的昆虫的巨大数量，认为半数的已知物种栖息在世界的雨林中这一事实看起来并不令人吃惊。

分句1：The fact does not seem surprising.

分句2：that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world's rain forests

分句3：considering the huge numbers of insects

分句4：that comprise the bulk of the species

分句1中嵌套着分句2，分句2解释说明分句1的主语the fact, 是同位语从句;分句3是主句的状语，分句4是定语从句，修饰分句3的the huge numbers of insects

篇2：托福阅读长难句

In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet itspurpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them——evenwhile building materials have changed dramatically.(44)

大家先自己理解，多想想，先别看解析，看不明白，再看下面的解析。

(In order for the structure) (to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose), architecture employs methods of support that, (because they are based on physical laws), have changed little since people first discovered them—— (even while building materials have changed dramatically. )

老邪分析：一个句子重点在于主干，看懂了主干，就看懂了句子的主要成分。以下主干为句子中红色部分，括号里均是修饰成分。

修饰一：(In order for the structure)，介词短语

修饰二：(to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose)，非谓语做形容词性修饰structure

修饰三：(because they are based on physical laws)，插入语，插入语记得先跳过去，断句别出问题，that和have changed是在一起的。

(老师，啥叫插入语?嗯，好问题，改天我专门讲讲这些概念。上过课并认真听的同学，你懂的。)

修饰四：(that have changed little sincepeople first discovered them.从句修饰support

修饰五：(even while building materials have changed dramatically. )，从句

括号外面的是主干：architectureemploys methods of support，注意support这里是名词。

已经拆成这么短了，你再试试看，应该能看懂了吧?其实在理解句子的时候比较容易犯错在于断句和语序，语序和中文有差异，下次我讲修饰成分的时候一并讲。

参考翻译：为了使结构达到必要的大小和强度去满足它的目的，建筑学上使用了一些支撑的方法，因为这些方法都是基于物理定律，所以尽管建筑材料已经发生了巨大变化，这些方法却自人们发现它们以来就没有什么变化。

篇3：托福阅读长难句

世界本没有长难句，修饰成分多了，便有了长难句。

阅读速度大部分来于短时间内理解长难句的能力。

大家在看长难句的时候，多思考，一个句子为什么这么长，常见的修饰成分到底有哪些?其实不多，连词、非谓语动词、介词以及同位语或插入语，上过课的同学懂得。

大家别急，把一句一句弄明白，弄懂一个句子胜过模糊看懂十个句子。希望大家认真看我的分析。

今天我们来看这样一个句子：

Her dancing also attracted the attention of French poets and painters of the period, for it appealed to their liking for mystery, their belief in art for art’s sake, a nineteenth-century idea that art is valuable in itself rather than because it may have some moral or educational benefit, and their efforts to synthesize form and content. (57, OG)

appeal v.恳求，呼吁;(对某人)有吸引力~to sb; (使某人)感兴趣;上诉

for one’s sake为了…的缘故

synthesize/?s?nθ??sa?z/v. 合成，综合

这里是分界线，先自己分析哦。

Her dancing also attracted the attention (of French poets and painters) (of the period), (for it appealed to their liking for mystery, their belief in art for art’s sake, (a nineteenth-century idea that art is valuable in itself rather than because it may have some moral or educational benefit),and their efforts to synthesize form and content.)

老邪分析：

修饰一：(of French poets and painters)，介词短语，修饰the attention。大家注意英文喜欢把修饰成分放在后面，这个很重要。

中文：法国诗人和花季。

修饰二：(of the period) ，介词短语，修饰French poets and painters，也是放在后面哦。

修饰三：(a nineteenth-century idea that art is valuable in itself rather than because it may have some moral or educational benefit)，同位语，用来解释说明前面的belief，这个同位语语放在这里分割了原句，大家断句的时候要注意。

中文：一个19世纪的思想：艺术本身比它所带来的道德或教育利益更有价值。

修饰四：(for it appealed to their liking for mystery, their belief in art for art’s sake , and their efforts to synthesize formand content.)，从句，表示原因，大家注意我把同位语去掉了(因为不重要)，这样更能看清重要内容。这里有一个并列结构，是一个A, B, and C结构，不知道大家在看的时候有没有看出来，A= their liking for mystery，B= their belief in art for art’ssake，C= their efforts to synthesize form and content，插入语解释B。

中文：因为它吸引了他们对于神秘的喜好、他们为艺术而艺术的信仰以及他们把形式和内容融合到一起所作的努力

主干：括号外面的，Her dancing also attracted the attention

参考翻译：

她的舞蹈还吸引了当时法国一些诗人和画家的注意，因为它吸引了他们对于神秘的喜好、他们为艺术而艺术的信仰(这是一个19世纪的思想：艺术本身比它所带来的道德或教育利益更有价值)以及他们把形式和内容融合到一起所作的努力。

这个句子的主要修饰成分就是从句和同位语，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。

篇4：托福阅读长难句

世界本没有长难句，修饰成分多了，便有了长难句。

大家在看长难句的时候，多思考，一个句子为什么这么长，常见的修饰成分到底有哪些?其实不多，连词、非谓语动词、介词以及同位语或插入语。

今天我们来看这样一个句子：

Fuller devised a type of dance that focused on the shifting play of lights and colors on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore, which she kept in constant motion principally through movements of her arms, sometimes extended with wands concealed under her costumes. (44, OG)

voluminous/v?'l?m?n?s/adj.(指衣物)用料多的, 宽松的, 肥大的;

drapery/'drep?ri/n.布料

wand/wɑnd/ n. 棍; 棒; 杖; (尤指小仙子或魔术师用的)魔杖

costume/'kɑstum/ n. 服装, 服装式样

Fuller devised a type of dance (that focused on the shifting play of lights and colors on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore), (which she kept in constant motion principally through movements of her arms), (sometimes extended with wands concealed under her costumes).

分析：

修饰一：(that focused on the shifting play of lights and colors on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore)，从句，修饰dance，大家注意skirts or draperies (she wore)这里还有一个从句哦。

中文：专注于灯光的变换和她所穿宽松的裙子或布料颜色

修饰二：(which she kept in constant motion principally through movements of her arms)，从句，修饰前面skirts or draperies，其实是keep skirts or draperies inconstant motion…

中文：她主要通过手臂的移动使裙子或布料保持连续的移动

修饰三：(sometimes extended with wands concealed under her costumes)，非谓语动词，修饰arms。主要这里with wands (concealed under her costumes)中concealed under her costumes修饰wands

中文：有时候手臂由于隐藏在衣服下面的手杖而变长

主干：括号外面的，Fullerdevised a type of dance

参考翻译：Fuller设计了一种(专注于灯光的变换和她所穿宽松的裙子或布料颜色)的舞蹈，在舞蹈中，她主要通过手臂的移动使裙子或布料保持连续的移动，有时候手臂由于隐藏在衣服下面的手杖而变长。

篇5：托福阅读长难句

今天我们来看这样一个句子：

The ice shelf cores, with a total length of 215 meters (705 feet), were long enough to penetrate through glacial ice—which is formed from the compaction of snow and contains air bubbles—and to continue into the clear, bubble-free ice formed from seawater that freezes onto the bottom of the glacial ice. (53, OG)

penetrate /'pen?tre?t/ v. 进入或穿过某物;充满，遍布

compact /k?m'p?kt/ v. 将(某物)紧压在一起

我是分界线，先自己分析哦。

The ice shelf cores, (with a total length of 215 meters(705 feet)),were long enough (to penetrate through glacial ice)—(which is formed from the compaction of snow and contains air bubbles)—and (to continue into the clear, bubble-free ice) (formed from seawater)(tha tfreezes onto the bottom of the glacial ice. )

分析：

大家可以发现，我把句子拆短了之后，就容易理解多了。请大家仔细看我的分析。

修饰一： (with a total length of 215 meters(705 feet))，介词短语，修饰the iceshelf cores，修饰成分一般放后面哦

中文：总长为215米(705英尺)

修饰二：(to penetrate through glacial ice)，非谓语动词

中文：穿透冰川冰

修饰三：(which is formed from the compaction of snow and contains air bubbles)，从句，修饰glacial ice，修饰成分一般放后面哦

中文：由压缩的雪形成的并包含气泡

修饰四：(to continue into the clear,bubble-free ice)，非谓语动词

中文：继续进入清澈的、没有气泡的冰

修饰五：(formed from seawater) ，非谓语动词，修饰the clear, bubble-free ice

中文：由海水形成

修饰六：(that freezes onto the bottom ofthe glacial ice.) ，从句，修饰seawater

中文：凝固在冰川冰底部

主干：括号外面的，The iceshelf cores were long enough，主和谓语中间被解词短语with a total length of 215 meters (705 feet)隔开了，大家要注意

参考翻译：

总长为215米(705英尺)的冰架核已足以穿透(由压缩的雪形成的并包含气泡)的冰川冰，随后穿透清澈的、没有气泡的冰，这些冰是由凝固在冰川冰底部的海水形成的。

这个句子的主要修饰成分就是介词短语、非谓语动词、从句，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。

篇6：托福阅读长难句

今天我们来看这样一个句子：

Contrary to the arguments of some that much of the pacific was settled by Polynesians accidentally marooned after being lost and adrift, it seems reasonable that this feat was accomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions that set out fully stocked with food and domesticated plants and animals. (46, TPO5)

maroon /m?'ru?n/ v. 放逐到无人岛上，使孤立

adrift /?'dr?ft/ adj. 漂流的，漂泊的

feat /fi?t/ n. 功绩，伟业

deliberate /d?'l?b?r?t/ adj. 故意的，刻意的

set out 从某地出发

stock v. 贮备，贮存

domesticate /d?'m?st?ket/ v. 驯养(动物等)

我是分界线，先自己分析哦。

Contrary to the arguments of some (that much of the pacific was settled by Polynesians accidentally marooned after being lost and adrift), it seems reasonable (that this feat was accomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions (that set out fully stocked with food and domesticated plants and animals. ) )

分析：

修饰一：(that much of thepacific was settled by Polynesians accidentally marooned after being lost and adrift)，从句，修饰arguments

中文：波利尼西亚人是在偶尔迷失和漂流被困住而定居在大部分太平洋地区

修饰二：在上一个从句里还有一个省略的从句(after being lost and adrift) =(after Polynesians were lost and adrift)

修饰三：(that set outfully stocked with food and domesticated plants and animals. )，从句，修饰expeditions，注意这里(fully stocked with food and domesticated plants andanimals. )，非谓语动词修饰set out

中文：出发时充分贮存了食物和被驯化动植物

主干：大家注意，(that this feat wasaccomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions that set out fully stockedwith food and domesticated plants and animals.)， it seems reasonable中的 it指代这个从句，真正的主语是这个从句

参考翻译：

和某些人的观点相反，这些观点认为波利尼西亚人是在偶尔迷失和漂流被困住而定居在大部分太平洋地区，另外一种观点似乎更加合理，认为这些功绩是通过故意的并且出发时充分贮存了食物和被驯化动植物的殖民探险来实现的。

这个句子的主要修饰成分就是非谓语动词和从句，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。

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