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抓住托福阅读词汇题技巧

时间：2025年03月23日

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下面是小编给大家整理的抓住托福阅读词汇题技巧，本文共9篇，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。本文原稿由网友“xxme”提供。

篇1：抓住托福阅读词汇题技巧

抓住阅读词汇题技巧稳稳拿高分

词汇题常见题目形式

The word/phrase…in the passage is closest in meaning to…

The word/phrase…in the passage means…

The word/phrase… in paragraph…

Refers to… what is…?

托福阅读中涉及到的词汇题还是有一定的解题规律的，以下将分两种类型进行讲解。

一、熟悉的词汇

当所考词汇是你认识的词时，分两步：

1.直接在所给的四个选项中找出近义词;

2.将选定的选项代入考察词汇所在的原文语境中，验证是否符合句意，以防止一词多义的情况。

例：官方真题Official-5中的一篇文章Minerals and Plants中的第二题：

The word “exhibit” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. fight off

B. show

C. cause

D. spread

解题过程：这是一道词汇题。所考词汇exhibit是高频词汇，它的基本意思是“展示、显示”。因此，选项B

二、不认识的词汇

遇到不认识的词汇，千万不要归因于自己词汇量不足，无计可施进而放弃。托福阅读中的词汇题存在一定的推理规律，这时候要采取以下措施：

找到考察词汇所在的句子，寻找推理线索(95%的词汇题都暗含线索)，由线索得出的关联信息，分析句意或主干进行推理判断及排除。

例：官方真题Official-3中第三篇文章 The Long-term Stability of Ecosystems中第十题：

The word “pales” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. increases proportionally

B. differs

C. loses significance

D. is common

解题过程：这道词汇题回到原句中，查找线索。

原句：“The destruction caused by the volcanic explosion of Mount St. Helens, in the northwestern United States, for example, pales in comparison to the destruction caused by humans.” 存在两处线索：

1.For example表明此句是具体的实例，它的作用通常是用来进一步解释证明作者的观点;

2. 由in comparison to可知：此句存在对比关系，即自然因素造成的破坏与人类活动的破坏进行比较。

作者的观点句：即前一句为“Ecologists are especially interested to know what factors contribute to the resilience of communities because climax communities all over the world are being severely damaged or destroyed by human activities.”

由because后半句可知：人类活动造成的破坏极其严重。

所以，考察句所举的实例中，自然因素造成的破坏与人类活动的破坏相比较，应该是“不如、逊色”这样的负向信息。选项C中lose同样显示出了减弱、不如的负向信息，因此选项C正确。

托福阅读中的六个高难度句子

托福阅读中也会出现一些考研大家的托福阅读难句，遇到这些句子的时候，要在平时新托福阅读中注意积累，觉得用得到的要记下来，以下总结的托福阅读中的6个高难度句，希望对大家的托福阅读考试有帮助。

1. Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mined the desired effect – success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun – as an actor might.

戴着面具身着盛装的人们，经常扮演各种其他人物、动物或超自然生灵，并且作为一个扮演者所能做的，就是期盼一个在狩猎或战役中获胜、降雨的来临，阳光的重现的结果。

2.But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.

但是这些事实不能解释这个令人感兴趣的问题，就是为什么在一个特殊的靠近他们出生的地方如此的集中了这么多怀孕的鱼龙。

3.A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame, and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instruments capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a ship, percussive brilliance.

十九世纪一系列持续的机械进步，包括踏板的传入、金属结构的完善和钢丝最完美的质量，最后产生了一种能容纳无数音调-从最精致的和弦到一个成熟管弦的声音或从一个清澈的歌声到辉煌的敲击乐的效果-的乐器。

4.Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1972 as “silent”, the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent.

虽然我们习惯于谈到1972年以前的电影是无声的，但用一句完全感性的话来说电影从来就不是没有声音的。

5.For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principal qualifications for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces.

多年以来电影音乐的选择程序完全掌握在导演和音乐督导手中，通常拥有这些权力的主要资格并非是自身的技艺和品味而更多的是因为拥有大量的个人音乐素材库。

6.Rather, they were made of a top layer of woolen or glazed worsted wool fabric, consisting of smooth, compact yarn from long wool fibers, dyed dark blue, green, or brown with a bottom layer of a coarser woolen material, either natural or a shade of yellow.

更进一步，他们是由一个顶层是毛纺或光滑的精纺羊毛织物制作，包含光滑，紧凑的纱线来自长羊毛的纤维染成兰黑色、绿色、或褐色底层含有粗糙天然的和暗黄色的毛纺材料。

托福阅读素材：诺基亚计划重返手机市场

Four years ago, Stephen Elop, Nokia’s then-CEO, described the company as a man at the edge of a burning platform. While its rivals had set the phone market on fire, Nokia hadpoured gasoline on its own platform by failing to acknowledge that newcomers Apple and Google had changed the game.

四年前，诺基亚当时的CEO史蒂芬·埃洛普把公司比喻为一个站在燃烧中的钻井平台边缘的人。当它的竞争对手点燃手机市场时，诺基亚还在自己的平台上开采石油，没有注意到苹果、谷歌等新面孔已经让游戏规则发生了改变。

In hindsight, the “burning platform” memo can be seen as the prelude to the disposal of its once dominant mobile handset business to Microsoft in what many Finns considered a fire sale. The operation that made the candy-bar phone as ubiquitous as the smooth black slate of the iPhone is today was no more.

现在回头来看，“燃烧的平台”备忘录可以被视为诺基亚在放弃手机业务的前兆。它将这个曾经是业界第一的业务出售给微软，而许多芬兰人认为这简直是一次大甩卖。这也使得曾经诺记亚的直板手机从此不复存在——曾几何时，它们和今天的黑色苹果手机一样无处不在。

So it is surprising that Nokia is quietly plotting a return to the consumer mobile market.

正因如此，诺基亚暗中打算重返消费手机市场才如此令人惊讶。

As early as next year, the company aims to rejoin the phone market, two sources briefed on Nokia’s plans told Re/code. In addition, the company has a number of other ambitious technology projects, including some in the virtual reality arena, these sources said.

Re/code从两处消息来源获得了诺基亚计划的梗概：公司计划明年就重返手机市场;它还有许多雄心勃勃的科技项目，其中一些和虚拟现实竞技场有关。

The move is driven by Nokia Technologies — the smallest of the three businesses that remained after the Microsoft deal, alongside its mapping and network equipment businesses. Nokia Technologies is best known for being the arm that licenses the company’s massive portfolio of more than 10,000 patents.

微软收购后，诺基亚仅剩下地图、网络设备和诺基亚科技三项业务。此次行动正是由其中规模最小的诺基亚科技推动的。诺基亚科技是公司专利授权方面的武器，并因此知名。诺基亚在专利上进行了大量投资，拥有10000多项专利。

Unlike other patent houses that do little more than license intellectual property, Nokia Technologies has designed new products and licensed them to other companies. So far, these ambitions have been small in scale. The division has released just two products: An Android program called Zlauncher and the N1, an Android tablet design licensed to another manufacturer that is selling it under the Nokia name in China. Its return to the market is likely to employ a similar tactic.

和其它专利公司不同，诺基亚科技并不局限于知识产权授权。它还设计新产品并授权给其它公司。目前为止，它的这些报负的规模并不大，只发布了两款产品：一款名为Zlauncher的安卓应用和N1安卓平板。N1的设计被授权给另一家制造商，并由它在中国以诺基亚的名义出售。诺基亚重返手机市场可能会采取和N1相同的策略。

托福阅读素材：天琴座流星雨降临

Take a peek into the heavens on Wednesday night and you may get a glimpse of the Lyrid meteor shower, which this year coincides with the Earth Day. The stunning celestialdisplay could see as many as 100 meteors pass by every hour.

你若在周三晚上看一眼天空，就可能会看到今年和世界地球日一起到来天琴座流星雨。在这星空美景里，每小时能看到100颗流星。

The meteor shower will light up the night’s sky from April 16 to 25, but the best views will occur on the night of April 22-23.

4月16日至25日，天空将被这场流星雨点亮。而最好的观赏时机是22日和23日的夜里。

Astronomers say that normally between 10 and 20 meteors should be visible every hour, thought this could rise to around 100 meteors in the space of 60 minutes.

天文学家表示，通常每小时能看见10至20颗流星，而这次相同时间内能看到100颗左右。

Leaving urban centers to escape light pollution will give stargazers the best views, but there is no need for any expensive telescopes or binoculars, as the show can be seen with ones own eyes.

远离市中心能避免光污染，这样会为观星者带来最好的观测效果。但昂贵的望远镜(包括双筒望远镜)并不需要，因为这次流星雨用肉眼就可以看到。

The annual April Lyrids are only visible as the Earth passes through the tail of the Thatcher Comet towards the end of the month, with the bright streaks of lights being particles from that comet.

每年四月的天琴座流星雨只有该月末地球穿过撒切尔彗星的尾部时才能看到，来自彗星的碎片会化作道道流光。

It is one of the oldest known astronomical events, which has been visible for more than 2,600 years. In 1982, stargazers counted up to 90 meteors passing every hour.

天琴座流星雨是人类最早发现的天文现象之一，早在2600多年前就被观测到。1982年，观星者们发现每小时最多有90颗流星。

篇2：托福阅读词汇题的答题技巧

1.在文章中定位到阴影标识的单词或短语。

2.仔细阅读该词或短语所在句子。

3.在句子中寻找可以帮助理解阴影标识的单词或短语的具体意思的线索。

4.选择答案，并将所选择的单词或短语放入原文进行检验，以确认这个句子在全文中仍是有意义的。

提醒考生注意，选择答案时，不要仅仅因为某个选项符合该单词的某一个正确意思就将其作为正确选项;题目考察的是作者在文章上下文中使用了那一个词义。

词汇题遇到迷惑性选项怎么办

在托福考试中，无法通过上下文和词缀词根来猜词的题目不在少数。

A flood of ice would then surge into the Southern Sea. With the continued rise in sea level, more ice would plunge into the ocean, causing sea levels to rise even higher, which in turn would release more ice and set in motion a vicious cycle. (A) drop?(B) extend (C) melt (D) drift。

首先在我们不认识“plunge”这个词的前提下，我们会尝试着看plunge所在的句子，通过句子不难发现，句子告诉我们“随着海平面的上升，更多的冰将要plunge到海里”，此时，有一个极具迷惑性的选项C：melt。

因为通过上下文，melt(融化)是最搭配ice的，符合语境的。并且，plunge这个词并不含有显而易见的“词缀”和“词根”，所以，通过词根词缀猜词的想法也无法实现了。正确答案却是A：drop，因为plunge是“投入;突然下降”的意思，和drop是同义替换关系，因此选A。

接下来需要研究的就是要如何有针对性的提高单词量来提高词汇题正确率。最先需要做的一件事情是将目前的真题里面所有的词汇题做一遍，总结错题和生僻词汇。当你在大量做题时，就会发现一个现象：词汇题有很多重复的词汇在反复地被考查着。

例如：

1.Lichens helped to speed the decomposition of the hard rock surfaces, preparing a soft bed of soil that was abundantly supplied with minerals that had been carried in the molten rock from the bowels of Earth.

A.occasionally

B.plentifully

C.usefully

D.fortunately

2.By far the most abundant form of geothermal energy occurs at the relatively low temperatures of 80°to 180°centigrade.

A.economical

B.familiar

C.plentiful

D.useful

不难发现，两个题目中考查的单词分别是“abundantly”和“abundant”，我们可以认为这样的词汇就算做是重复考查的对象了,所选择的选项也是“plentfifully”和“plentiful”。

篇3：托福阅读词汇题的答题技巧

1月13日

1.laboriously

laborious的副词形式，辛苦地，艰难地，形容要很费力才能做成某事

所以选择：making much effort，做了很多努力

2.distinguish

动词，区分，把不同事物的特点区分开

所以选择：separate，分开(不同的特点)

3.resemble

这道词汇题非常简单，相似的，同义词直接就是similar

4.vulnerable

形容易受伤害

threaten by是被什么威胁，威胁也可以演化为伤害

5.dense

本意密度大，既可指物体本身的密度，也可指空间内聚集某物的比率

closely placed，指空间内紧密的放置，对应dense所描述的第二种密度

6.abrupt

又是非常简单的一道词汇题，唐突的，突然的，对应sudden

7.core

比上一道更简单，core核心，对应center

8.presumed

同样直接同义转换即可，presumed假设的(什么东西)，等于assumed

篇4：托福阅读词汇题解题技巧

托福阅读词汇题解题技巧词汇题如何做的又快又对?

一.托福阅读词汇题答题技巧

1.在文章中定位到阴影标识的单词或短语。

2.仔细阅读该词或短语所在句子。

3.在句子中寻找可以帮助理解阴影标识的单词或短语的具体意思的线索。

4.选择答案，并将所选择的单词或短语放入原文进行检验，以确认这个句子在全文中仍是有意义的。

二.遇到迷惑性选项怎么办

在托福考试中，无法通过上下文和词缀词根来猜词的题目不在少数。

不妨跟随天津环球教育张珊珊老师通过一个例子来看一下：A flood of ice would then surge into the Southern Sea. With the continued rise in sea level, more ice would plunge into the ocean, causing sea levels to rise even higher, which in turn would release more ice and set in motion a vicious cycle. (A) drop?(B) extend (C) melt (D) drift。

三.多刷题

例如：

A.occasionally

B.plentifully

C.usefully

D.fortunately

2.By far the most abundant form of geothermal energy occurs at the relatively low temperatures of 80°to 180°centigrade.

A.economical

B.familiar

C.plentiful

D.useful

托福阅读的猜词技巧

托福阅读的词汇备考是个受争议的话题。有些考生认为托福阅读词汇备考不重要，而有些考生则认为得词汇者得天下。在托福阅读中遇到生词，如果过多依赖词典会打断托福阅读思路，影响速度及理解，这就需要学生学会猜词。

可这不是说平时阅读一涉及到生词便去猜测，如有条件使用词典，同学们还是应该将不会的生词一一查明，并加以记忆。只有这样才能扩充我们的词汇量，提高阅读理解能力。猜词可有多种方法，下面介绍几种常用且准确性高的方法，同样也适合在托福阅读考试中。

一、利用上下文线索猜测词义

1、根据同义、反义关系猜词

Today' s teenagers seem to be more liberal in their ideas than their _______grandparents. A. freethinking B. traditional C. old D. happy

traditional与liberal意思相反，故选B.

2、根据句意或段落文章的上、下文猜测词义Klebold and Harris felt _______ and wanted to revenge against those who disliked playing together with them or laughed at them. A. discouraged B. ashamed C. tired D. separated根据下文的disliked playing together with them判断此处应为“感到孤立”，故选D.

二、利用构词法猜测词义(利用前、后缀及合成词猜词义)

1、用前、后缀猜测词义英语中的前缀、后缀构词颇多，且特定的缀往往表示特定的含义，把握住这一点，可起到以不变应万变的效果。

1)He had been overworking and fell ill at last. overwork是由前缀over-加动词构成，over有“超过、过于”之意，overwork意思是“工作过多，劳累过度”。再如，overburden负担过重，overcharge要价过高，overdo做得过分。英语中常用的前缀还有：

mis-错，误：misfortune不幸;mislead误导;mismanage处理不当 mid-中央：midnight半夜;midway半路under-低于：underdone半生不熟的;underestimate低估anti-反对：antibody抗体;anticyclone反气旋;antifreeze防冻剂

下面划线单词为常见后缀派生词：

1)You must stop dreaming and face reality.(-ty为名词的标志)

2)The country is trying to popularize education. (-ize为及物动词的标志，再如realize，modernize)

2、利用合成词猜测词义。

Family members take turns choosing a special activity for the evening， and everyonepartakes in for fun.根据短语构成及上下文意思看，此处partakes in相当于takes part in.再如break out-outbreak(名词爆发)，set out-outset(名词起始)，come in-income(名词收入)

托福阅读“扫描”法速读解析

Skimming是只看主要大意的速读。一篇文章的大意是有重点的。比如，当出现first second的这种归类总结的地方，或because，as a result这样的因果关系，或是but，however的语意转折处，都需要格外留心。

托福阅读文章讲述主要观点之后通常会有for example来佐证，如果看懂了主要观点，那么对示例所用的时间和精力就不需要太多了。Skimming的技巧在第一遍阅读文章意图抓住文章大意时是非常重要的。

Scanning是“扫描”，但具体到阅读中，大家最熟悉的莫过于查词典时。在有意识地去查某个生词的时候，我们不会去把它所在的页上每一个字都看一遍才找到想要的。

几乎眼睛对词典中的一页扫一下，脑中只有要找的字，看到它，其他的地方都像没有看到一样。在托福的阅读中，scanning的技巧在回答问题时，根据题干中问到的内容，在文章中scan，可以帮助考生准确地定位，找到答案。

以上两种是在托福阅读中最常用也是最有效的技巧。

托福阅读文章长度大多在300-400字之间。以平均每篇读10分钟计算，按照每分钟阅读150字的速度，一篇文章从头到尾通读，至少需2-3分钟。这可了解文章的大意，但不一定保证读得透彻。在第一遍通读的过程中，考生不要期望每个字都一定要理解，遇到不懂的字不必多逗留或苦思冥想可能的意思，这样会浪费时间的。

只需一直往下看，用前面介绍到的skimming原则，掌握文章的主旨即可。这个过程中，托福阅读文章的第一段，尤其是每段的第一句话往往起着提纲挈领或起承转合的作用，是阅读时要多留心的地方。

托福阅读：概览首段前四行可了解主题

很多托福考生都说，也许在托福阅读中，最影响人的实力发挥的恐怕就是要求55分钟内做完50道阅读题。托福阅读不同于CET4，CET6，与高考也是有区别的，因为这些都是大约4-5篇阅读，20题，而且这些考试都没有要求做完每门考试所用的时间。因此很多同学在一开始做托福阅读的时候，十分不适应托福阅读的时间限制，有的人甚至在考前都没有克服这个问题。

方法1 即先阅读文章的首段前4行，注意这里不是前2行，因为现在很多文章首句通常是由专业名词组成或者是一些习语组成，大多数中国学生只知道看完首句，然后他们就崩溃了，因为专业词汇和习惯用语一次性将他们打懵。因此这里建议在托福阅读时间分配上，可以首先读完前4行来了解文章主题方向。

方法2 直接做题，然后在题中找关键词回到原文进行点查。不过这里点查也是有技巧的。第一题通常是文章的主题题，跳过不做，放到最后来做，其他的很多试题都是标记了行号或者可以通过特殊字符来辨认，比如数字，大写字母，拼写十分怪异的单词等等，当一道题没有这些标示的时候要通过邻近的其他试题来定位本题在原文中的位置。

篇5：托福阅读词汇题联系上下文猜词技巧

例1：Absenteeism and lateness hurt productivity and since work was specialized,disrupted the regular factory routine.Industrialization not only produced a fundamental change in the way work was organized; it transformed the very nature of work.

The word disrupted in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. prolonged

B. established

C. followed

D. upset

原句中hurt与disrupt是并列词，含义类似，所以快速确定D选项。这层并列关系是逗号隔开的，在一些句子中，如果看到诸如also/as well as, both…and…, either...or..., neither…nor…, in (the) the same way, equally, similarly/similar to, like/just like, likewise(同样的), while(与此同时), meanwhile(同时), not only...but also... , more...than这样的词也要明确存在的并列关系。

例2：Although limited to a skull, the Pakicetus fossil provides precious details on the origins of cetaceans.

The word precious in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. Exact

B. Scarce

C. Valuable

D. Initial

分析：

Although指示转折关系，所以前、后半句是相反的含义，前面是limited，所以猜测词汇是limit负面的词，我们可以知道exact表示准确的意思，scarce是指稀有的，和limit属于类似的含义，initial开始的，词义不相干。所以选择C。

托福TPO26阅读模拟试题及答案

Survival of Plants and Animals in Desert Conditions

PARAGRAPH 1

The harsh conditions in deserts are intolerable for most plants and animals. Despite these conditions, however, many varieties of plants and animals have adapted to deserts in a number of ways. Most plant tissues die if their water content falls too low: the nutrients that feed plants are transmitted by water; water is a raw material in the vital process of photosynthesis; and water regulates the temperature of a plant by its ability to absorb heat and because water vapor lost to the atmosphere through the leaves helps to lower plant temperatures. Water controls the volume of plant matter produced. The distribution of plants within different areas of desert is also controlled by water. Some areas, because of their soil texture, topographical position, or distance from rivers or groundwater, have virtually no water available to plants, whereas others do.

PARAGRAPH 2

The nature of plant life in deserts is also highly dependent on the fact that they have to adapt to the prevailing aridity. There are two general classes of vegetation: long-lived perennials, which may be succulent (water-storing) and are often dwarfed and woody, and annuals or ephemerals, which have a short life cycle and may form a fairly dense stand immediately after rain.

PARAGRAPH 3

The ephemeral plants evade drought. Given a year of favorable precipitation, such plants will develop vigorously and produce large numbers of flowers and fruit. This replenishes the seed content of the desert soil. The seeds then lie dormant until the next wet year, when the desert blooms again.

PARAGRAPH 4

The perennial vegetation adjusts to the aridity by mear of various avoidance mechanisms. Most desert plants are 11 probably best classified as xerophytes. They possess drought-resisting adaptations: loss of water through the leaves is reduced by means of dense hairs covering waxy leaf surfaces, by the closure of pores during the hottest times to reduce water loss, am by the rolling up or shedding of leaves at the beginning of the dry season. Some xerophytes, the succulents (including cacti), store water in their structures. Another way of countering drought is to have a limited amount of mass above ground and to have extensive root networks below ground. It is not unusual for the roots of some desert perennials to extend downward more than ten meters. Some plants are woody in type — an adaptation designed to prevent collapse of the plant tissue when water stress produces wilting. Another class of desert plant is the phreatophyte. These have adapted to the environment by the development of long taproots that penetrate downward until they approach the assured water supply provided by groundwater. Among these plants are the date palm, tamarisk, and mesquite. They commonly grow near stream channels, springs, or on the margins of lakes.

PARAGRAPH 5

Animals also have to adapt to desert conditions, and they may do it through two forms of behavioral adaptation: they either escape or retreat. Escape involves such actions as aestivation, a condition of prolonged dormancy, or torpor, during which animals reduce their metabolic rate and body temperature during the hot season or during very dry spells.

PARAGRAPH 6

Seasonal migration is another form of escape, especially for large mammals or birds. The term retreat is applied I to the short-term escape behavior of desert animals, and it usually assumes the pattern of a daily rhythm. Birds shelter in nests, rock overhangs, trees, and dense shrubs to avoid the hottest hours of the day, while mammals like the kangaroo rat burrow underground.

PARAGRAPH 7

Some animals have behavioral, physiological, and morphological (structural) adaptations that enable them to withstand extreme conditions. For example, the ostrich has 1 plumage that is so constructed that the feathers are long but not \\ too dense. When conditions are hot, the ostrich erects them on its 1 back, thus increasing the thickness of the barrier between solar radiation and the skin. The sparse distribution of the feathers, however, also allows considerable lateral air movement over the skin surface, thereby permitting further heat loss by convection.Furthermore, the birds orient themselves carefully with regard to the Sun an0 gently flap their wings to increase convection cooling.

PARAGRAPH 1

1、According to paragraph 1, water provides all of the following essential functions for plants EXCEPT

improving plants' ability to absorb sunlight

preventing plants from becoming overheated

transporting nutrients

serving as a raw material for photosynthesis

PARAGRAPH 3

2、Paragraph 3 suggests that during a dry year ephemerals

produce even more seeds than in a wet year

do not sprout from their seeds

bloom much later than in a wet year

are more plentiful than perennials

PARAGRAPH 2

PARAGRAPH 3

3、How is paragraph 2 related to paragraph 3?

Paragraph 2 provides a general description of desc plants, and paragraph 3 provides a scientific explanation for these observations.

Paragraph 2 divides desert plants into two categories, and paragraph 3 provides further information about one of these categories.

Paragraph 2 proposes one way of dividing desert plants into categories, and paragraph 3 explains one problem with this method of classification.

Paragraph 2 discusses two categories of desert plants, and paragraph 3 introduces a third category of plants.

4、In saying that ephemerals will develop “vigorously” when there is favorable precipitation, the author means that their development will be

sudden

early

gradual

strong

healthy

PARAGRAPH 4

5、The word “countering” in the passage is closest in meaning to

eliminating

making use of

acting against

experiencing

6、According to paragraph 4, some desert plants with root systems that are extraordinarily well developed have

relatively little growth aboveground

very leafy aboveground structures

nonwoody plant tissue resistant to wilting

water stored within their roots

7、The word “assured” in the passage is closest in meaning to

pure

diminished

guaranteed

deep

8、What do “the date palm, tamarisk, and mesquite” have in common?

They are always found together.

They depend on surface water provided by streams, springs, and lakes.

They are phreatophytes.

Their roots are capable of breaking through hard soils

PARAGRAPH 5

9、Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted 1 sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

One way animals escape is by entering a state of extended dormancy, known as aestivation, during the hottest and driest times of year.

Animals can escape without using direct action, or aestivation, simply by reducing their metabolic rate and body temperature.

The actions that an animal uses to escape are known as aestivation, which sometimes involves a reduction in metabolic rate or body temperature.

When the weather is especially hot and dry, an animal may suffer from a condition known as aestivation, at which point the animal needs to escape.

10、It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that all of the places desert animals retreat to

provide shade from the sun

sometimes become crowded

are places where supplies of food are plentiful

leave the animals vulnerable to predators

PARAGRAPH 7

11、According to paragraph 7, what special adaptation helps the ostrich cope with hot desert conditions?

Each of its feathers is very short and dense.

Its wings produce only lateral air movement when flapping.

Its feathers are very thickly set on both its back and its wings.

It can make its feathers stand up on its If back.

12、Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.

The increase in reward still did not attract young people to this hard life, and convicted criminals and slaves were pressed into services

Where would the sentence best fit?

PARAGRAPH 1

The harsh conditions in deserts are intolerable for most plants and animals. Despite these conditions, however, many varieties of plants and animals have adapted to deserts in a number of ways. Most plant tissues die if their water content falls too low: the nutrients that feed plants are transmitted by water; water is a raw material in the vital process of photosynthesis; and water regulates the temperature of a plant by its ability to absorb heat and because water vapor lost to the atmosphere through the leaves helps to lower plant temperatures. ■ Water controls the volume of plant matter produced. ■ The distribution of plants within different areas of desert is also controlled by water. ■ Some areas, because of their soil texture, topographical position, or distance from rivers or groundwater, have virtually no water available to plants, whereas others do. ■

13. Directions: From the seven statements below, select the statements that correctly characterize breathing during wakefulness and those statements that correctly characterize breathing during sleep. Drag each answer choice you select into the appropriate box of the table. Two of the answer choices will NOT be used. This question is worth 3 points.

Adaptations of Annuals BF

Five of the phrases will NOT be used.

A. Woody structures

B. Explosive growth in wet years

C. Long, thin, shallow roots

D. Storage of water in plant tissue

E. Minimization of the amount of water used for

Adaptations of Perennials ADG

Four of the phrases will NOT be used,

A. Woody structures

B. Explosive growth in wet years

C. Long, thin, shallow roots

D. Storage of water in plant tissue

E. Minimization of the amount of water used for photosynthesis

F. Short life cycle

G. Leaves designed to minimize water loss

托福阅读词汇题联系上下文猜词技巧实例讲解

篇6：阅读备考技巧之托福阅读词汇题如何快速做

实用阅读备考技巧丨托福阅读词汇题如何快速做对?

一.托福阅读词汇题做题技巧之代入法

由于新托福的题目都是单选题，所以范围已经缩小到四选一，尤其是对词汇题来说，有一种方法就是将选项中的词放入到原文中去阅读，看意思与上下文是否合拍通顺，如文章中选择的单词前后有介词，就更能显出代入验证的好处。例如有这样一句话：When hoisted up in the sky, the microscopic particles act as...选择项则为A. Lifted B. Grouped C. returned D. pointed,四个选项代入后，发现只有A选项能和后面的介词UP连接通顺，所以答案就是A选项，表示升起的意思。

二.托福阅读词汇题做题技巧之利用逻辑关系

逻辑关系主要是看上下文及背景内容。比较常见的逻辑关系是并列，转折，因果，递进等，所以考生要特别注意记忆逻辑关系连接词。例如这句话The heavy amounts of heat and pollution rising form cities both delay and stimulate the fall of precipitation, depriving some areas of rain while drenching others.这句话中出现一个逻辑关系连接词while，这个词是表示一种转折，意思是然而，所以drenching和之前的动作depriving构成了反义关系，depriving意思是剥夺，所以drenching可以猜测其意可能与剥夺相反，前文为剥夺了一些地方的雨，那么相反就是给予另一些地方更多的雨，所以可以看到选择项中C. Thoroughly wetting就是表达了多雨这个意思。而drenching本意就是湿透的意思。

三.托福阅读词汇题做题技巧之背单词

单词记忆主要就是背单词。背单词是很多同学觉得非常痛苦的事情，经常会有学生来问药怎么背，背了一些又马上忘了另外一些。所以关于如何去背单词，在这里有几点建议：

1、利用零散的时间背单词。利用零散的时间背单词可以使用单词卡片。不过，为了保证效率，首先要确定哪些单词需要记忆。理论上，单词量越多越好。实际上，如果一味贪多，结果容易打疲劳战，而且效率低。所以，只记那些常考的核心词汇，而对于那些不太常用的学科名词、物质名词一般加以忽略。

2、进行高频率的重复，建议把重复的周期控制在7天以内。具体说来，就是每天背100个单词，将过一遍这些单词的时间控制在半个小时以内，每天过4遍，第二天再过一遍前一天的。如果程度不是很好的同学可以压缩到50个左右，但尽量不要低于50个。单词材料可以找一些相关的新托福阅读词汇书，或者是以往考过的词汇题内容。

3、把背单词和阅读相结合。广泛的阅读也是增加词汇量的一种方法，并且能够在阅读中加强对已经背过的单词的记忆。当一篇文章的生词量在5%左右的时候，这些生词的词义是可推的。所以我们在选择阅读材料的时候，应尽量将单词量控制在10%左右。单词太多，看不懂文章，太少又起不到提高的作用。相关材料可以上一些网站看，例如economist, national geographic等等。

四.托福阅读词汇题做题技巧之利用词根词缀

有了一定的单词基础，那么通过词根词缀去猜单词也不成问题了。而且除了单词有同义词，词根词缀也有同义关系。例如都是表达否定的同义前缀就有in-，un, non-，dis-等等，表示否定的后缀有-less，所以当看到题目中的单词有这类的否定含义，那么就可以去找选择项中也有否定前缀和后缀的词，也许就是正确选项，因为都是具有否定关系的。例如incalculable和unmeasured就是一组同义词。所以对于一些常见词缀词根是需要考生记忆的。具体有哪些可以参见一些英语字典的附录。

托福阅读长难句：高文化水平国家

The key factor in the success of these countries ( along with high literacy, which contributed to it ) was their ability to adapt to the international division of labor determined by the early industrializers and to stake out areas of specialization in international markets for which they were especially well suited. (TPO18, 50)

The key factor ( in the success of these countries) ( alongwith high literacy, which contributed to it) was their ability ( to adapt to the international division of labor) (determined by the early industrializers) and (to stake out areas of specialization in international markets) (for which they were especially well suited.)(TPO18, 50)

分析：

这个句子的主干就是：

The key factor was their ability

后面两个不定式的并列：

(to adapt to the international division of labor determined by the early industrializers)

and

(to stake out areas of specialization ininternational markets for which they were especially well suited. )

修饰一：(in the success of these countries) ，介词短语，修饰the key factor

中文：在这些国家的成功中

修饰二：(along with high literacy, which contributed to it) ，介词短语，修饰these countries

中文：拥有促进他们成功的高文化水平

修饰三：(to adapt to the international division of labor) ，非谓语动词，修饰ability

中文：适应国际劳动分工

修饰四：(determined by the early industrializers)，非谓语动词，修饰the international division of labor

中文：早期工业化国家决定的

修饰五：(to stake out areas of specialization in international markets) ，非谓语动词，修饰ability

中文：领他们特别合适的国际市场中的专门领域

修饰六：(for which they were especiallywell suited.)，从句，修饰markets

中文：他们特别适合的

参考翻译：

这些国家(拥有促进他们成功的高文化水平)成功的关键因素是他们有适应早期工业化国家决定的国际劳动分工的能力，以及占领他们特别合适的国际市场中的专门领域的能力。

这个句子的主要修饰成分就是从句、介词短语以及从句，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。

托福阅读长难句：工具的用处及生产力

The fact that some societies domesticated animals and plants, discovered the use of metal tools, became literate, and developed a state should not make us forget that others developed pastoralism or horticulture (vegetable gardening) but remained illiterate and at low levels of productivity; a few entered the modern period as hunting and gathering societies. (TPO21, 54)

domesticate /də'mestɪkeɪt/ v. 驯养(动物)

literate /'lɪtərət/ adj. 有读写能力的;有文化的

pastoralism /'pæstərəlɪzəm/ n. 田园主义(风格)，畜牧主义

horticulture /'hɔːtɪ,kʌltʃə/ n. 园艺，园艺学

The fact (that some societies domesticated animals and plants, discovered the use of metal tools, became literate, and developed a state) should not make us forget (that others developed pastoralism or horticulture (vegetable gardening) but remained illiterate and at low levels of productivity); a few entered the modern period (as hunting and gathering societies.) (TPO21, 54)

分析：

这个句子的主干就是：

The fact should not makeus forget

修饰一：that others developed pastoralism or horticulture (vegetable gardening) but remained illiterate and at low levels of productivity，从句

从句中还有一个A but B结构，要注意

中文：其它社会虽然发展了畜牧或园艺(蔬菜园艺)，但依然没有文化并且生产力低下

修饰二：(that some societies domesticate danimals and plants, discovered the use of metal tools, became literate, and developed a state) ，从句，修饰fact。

这个同位语从句很长，其中一个并列结构：A, B, C, and D，这个从句把这个句子的主谓隔开了，大家注意断句

中文：一些社会驯养动植物、发现金属工具的用处、变得有文化以及发展出了一个国家

修饰三：(as hunting and gathering societies.)，介词短语

中文：以狩猎和采集的社会

参考翻译：

一些社会驯养动植物、发现金属工具的用处、变得有文化以及发展出了一个国家，这样一个事实不应该使我们忘记：其它社会虽然发展了畜牧或园艺(蔬菜园艺)，但依然没有文化并且生产力低下;少数以狩猎和采集的社会进入了现代时期。

这个句子的主要修饰成分就是介词短语和从句，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。

篇7：托福阅读词汇题联系上下文猜词技巧实例讲解

The word disrupted in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. prolonged

B. established

C. followed

D. upset

例2：Although limited to a skull, the Pakicetus fossil provides precious details on the origins of cetaceans.

The word precious in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. Exact

B. Scarce

C. Valuable

D. Initial

分析：

托福考试阅读题目名师解析指导

(1)Between 1900 and 1920 nearly 7.5 million new urban dwellings were added to aturn-of-the-century total of 10 million. (2)In the 1920s another 5.7 million were occupied. (3)Thus by 1930 a majority of urban homes had been built within the past thirty years.

托福阅读长难句解析：难点在于对地道表达和句间关系的理解。

第(1)句，从1900到1920，有7.5百万新住房被增入世纪之初(即19)的10百万总量住房中。

第(2)句，从1920-1929，另外的5.7百万新住房被居住。

第(3)句，因此，截止到1929，大多数的城市住房是在过去的30年(1900-1930)建的。为什么呢?因为7.5+5.7=13.2>10，已经超过1900前所有原住房数量了。即(7.5+5.7)/(7.5+5.7+10)>50%。

托福考试阅读题目名师解析指导

【待插入句子】One of the major effects was the rapid growth of the human population itself.

【待插入段落】Paragraph 1: The universal global warming at the end of the Ice Age had dramatic effects on temperate regions of Asia, Europe, and North America. Ice sheets retreated and sea levels rose. ■The climatic changes in southwestern Asia were more subtle, in that they involved shifts in mountain snow lines, rainfall patterns, and vegetation cover. ■However, these same cycles of change had momentous impacts on the sparse human populations of the region. ■At the end of the Ice Age, no more than a few thousand foragers lived along the eastern Mediterranean coast, in the Jordan and Euphrates valleys. Within 2,000 years, the human population of the region numbered in the tens of thousands, all as a result of village life and farming. ■Thanks to new environmental and archaeological discoveries, we now know something about this remarkable change in local life.

正确答案为3rd square;

2.插入句子说重大影响中的一个是：快速增长的人口。那么一定要跟在major effects后面，而我们看到了段落中的momentous impacts;完美的paraphrase，所以毫无疑问就是这里了。

再看段落，组成也很明确：1st为TS主旨句——全球变暖对于各洲的温带(temperate)区域有dramatic effcts。2nd: 西南亚的气候变化更细微。 3rd: 但是，同样的变化循环对人口稀少(sparse)的区域有巨大的影响。4th:在冰河世界末期，只有数千人。间，人口成千上万的增长，都是因为乡村生活和农耕。5th：多亏了新发现，我们知道这种当地生活的剧烈变化。

托福考试阅读题目名师解析指导

【待插入句子】One example of such tropical abundance is found in Panama, which has 667 species of breeding birds一three times the number found in Alaska.

【待插入段落】 When we look at the way in which biodiversity (biological diversity) is distributed over the land surface of the planet, we find that it is far from even. The tropics contain many more species overall than an equivalent area at the higher latitudes. This seems to be true for many different groups of animals and plants. [■]

Why is it that higher latitudes have lower diversities than the tropics? [■] Perhaps it is simply a matter of land area. [■] The tropics contain a larger surface area of land than higher latitudes—a fact that is not always evident when we examine commonly used projections of Earth’s curved surface, since this tends to exaggerate the areas of land in the higher latitudes—and some biogeographers regard the differences in diversity as a reflection of this effect. [■] But an analysis of the data by biologist Klaus Rohde does not support this explanation. Although area may contribute to biodiversity, it is certainly not the whole story; otherwise, large landmasses would always be richer in species.

1.首先公布答案：1st square;

2.看到待插入句子中有one example…，这是个典型的论点+论据的结构! 给我们的是论据，那么前面一定要出现论点，这样才能和举例子对应起来。之后，看看举的是什么样的例子——这样的热带多样性被发现在Panama，有667个鸟类物种，是Alaska的三倍。

3.最后让我们来看一下待插入段落的各个句子：

P1:1st:当我们来看生物多样性(biodiversity)在地表分布的方式时，我们会发现这种分布(it)不是(far from)均匀的(even)。2nd:热带(tropics)比同样(equivalent)面积的高纬度(higher latitudes)地区包含了更多地物种。 3rd:这种现象对许多不同种类的动植物都是正确的。

P2: 1st: 为什么高纬度有(比热带)更低的多样性?

2nd: 可能只是陆地面积的缘故。(托福中经典的自问自答!)

3rd:热带(比高纬度区域)包含了更大的地表面积，有些生物地理学家把这种多样性的差异(differnece in diversity)当成是(regard...as)这种结果(this effect, 只带前半句的热带面积更大)的反射——面积的事实(a fact)在我们看地球曲面投影图的时候并不总是明显的，因为投影(this)会夸大(exaggerate)高纬度地区的陆地面积。(这一句也考到了句子简化题，注意”先大后小”的原则，破折号留到后面读)

4th: 但是KR的数据分析并不支持这个解释。

5th:尽管面积可能导致(contribute to…)生物多样性，它当然不是全部的理由(not the whole story);否则(otherwise),大的地表面积就应该总是有更丰富的物种。 (言外之意是并非如此。——考察常识)

看完之后就很清楚了，第一个段落讲现象，第二个段落讲原因。而待插入的句子说的是现象，所以放在第一段关于生物多样性的论点后面，perfect。

语法积累

far from… 跟上次课讲过的other than…一样，表示否定。

more…than…;lower…than…; larger…than… 识别比较关系。

regard…as… 被认为...

not the whole story 字面理解为“不是全部的故事”;常用的承上启下转移话题的短语。

词汇积累

diversity 多样性

distribute 分布

even平均的

equivalent 等价的

reflection 反映，反射

contribute to… 导致

otherwise 否则

托福考试阅读题目名师解析指导

【待插入句子】 Indeed, at the height of Athenian democracy there was no government separate from its citizenry.

Where would the sentence best fit? Click on square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.

【待插入段落】 During the fifth century B. C. the council of 500 was extremely influential in shaping policy. [■] In the next century, however, it was the mature assembly that took on decision-making responsibility. [■] By any measure other than that of the aristocrats, who had been upstaged by the supposedly inferior “people,” the Athenian democracy was a stunning success. Never before, or since, have so many people been involved in the serious business of self-governance. [■] It was precisely this opportunity to participate in public life that provided a stimulus for the brilliant unfolding of classical Greek culture.[■]

1.首先公布答案：3rd square;

2.然后我们来看一下待插入的句子：Indeed表示强调，翻译成“确实”;at the height of… 在...的巅峰;还有一个there was no… 用否定来表示强调：没有政府是跟全体市民分隔开的，言外之意就是说雅典的民主程度非常之高。既然是强调，那前面一定要出现过相应的信息。

3.最后让我们来看一下这一段的各个句子：

1st: 议会(council)在制定(shape)政策上非常有影响力。 2nd: 但在下个世纪，成熟的立法机构(assemby)承担了做决定的职责。3rd: (以除了贵族之外的衡量标准看来，贵族被本应是下等人的人民抢去了风头)雅典的民主是一个巨大的成功. 4th: 空前绝后，从未有这么多人民参与到自我管理的严肃事业中来。 5th: 正是有了参与到公众生活的机会，才刺激了古典希腊文化的发展(unfolding,展开)。

看完之后就很清楚了，整个段落一句话总结——雅典民主很成功。1st承接上文;2nd～4th讲民主如何成功;5th讲民主带来的影响。而我们要插入的地方在民主程度高的后面，所以是在self-governance后面。放进去之后跟后面也能搭配起来，perfect.

知识小补丁

语法积累：

it was… that… 强调句的固定搭配;

other than… 表示否定，除了... 不是...

decision-making n+ v-ing; 理解的时候就按照v+n来理解，making decision;做决策。

never before, or since 前无古人，后无来者。

篇8：托福阅读词汇题遇到陌生单词2个救急技巧讲解

托福阅读词汇题遇到陌生单词2个救急技巧讲解

托福阅读词汇题遭遇生词应对技巧：根据对比关系来猜测词义

对比关系通常是作者对于A、B两事物进行比较，进而得出论点的一种论证手段。

在一个句子或段落中,有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述,我们可以根据生词或难词的反义词猜测其词义。例如:Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy, unsociable person who does not like to go to parties or to make new friends. Gregarious, 对许多人来说可能是个生词,但是句中单词unlike可以提示我们Gregarious和后面的词unsociable person是对比关系。分析出这种关系后,我们便能猜出意为Gregarious是“爱交际的”。

托福阅读词汇题遭遇生词应对技巧：根据词形构造来猜测词义

遇到生词时，要学会根据语境、常识或者相关的构词法来猜测词义。根据构词法的相关知识，就可以解决一些生词。

举个例子来说，More recently, scientists have documented an alarmingly high occurrence of frogs with malformations.

在这个句子中，生词无疑就是malformations。让我们来看看它是由什么构成的。form是词根, formation“形式”，mal-:构词前缀，可表示“坏、恶、不良”，还可表示“不、不正常、不当、非法。”malformation的意思就应该是“畸形”。更多的例子如：malnutrition: 营养不良;malconduct:(公职人员的)胡作为;maladjustive: 引起失调的;不利调节的。

托福阅读：10秒搞定阅读长难句的方法

在托福考试的时候不可能也没有时间把句子中的每个信息点都读完，当然句子这么长，也不可能所有的信息都是major idea。而我们要做的第一步当然就是提取major idea，也就是所谓的主干。这个主干如何提取呢?

有人说，看句子的第一步当然是划出谓语动词。但是柳湘君老师建议从介词着手，介词对于学生来说简单并且容易识记，这样他们就会很快地找出来。而介宾结构一般是起修饰作用的，那绝不可能成为句子主干，学生们需要做的就是把它们找出并剔除掉就好了。我们来看下面一个例子：

Ekman has found that the so-called Duchenne smile, which is characterized by “crow's feet” wrinkles around the eyes and a subtle drop in the eye cover fold so that the skin above the eye moves down slightly toward the eyeball, can lead to pleasant feelings.

此句话中的红体字都是比较容易找出的介宾结构，当我们把它们剔除掉之后，这个句子就变成：

Ekman has found that the so-called Duchenne smile, which is characterized by “crow's feet” wrinkles and a subtle drop so that the skin moves down slightly, can lead to pleasant feelings.

这一步做完之后可以发现，句子已经减少了不少内容。接下来可以把起修饰作用的形容词与副词划去。对于一个冗长的句子，做减法可以激发学生们把句子读下去的欲望，何乐而不为呢?

做完减法之后，头疼的问题来了，一个句子套一个句子，都是些什么从句?如何判断?建议把这个句子作为一个整体框起来，然后暂且不当它是句子，就当成一个单词，那么这个单词在文中充当的是什么成份它就是什么从句了。我们接着用上面那个例子。

首先在划从句之前，可以把连接词找出来，这对学生来说不是难事，比如说例句中的3个连接词分别是that, which及so that。因为which之前有一个逗点，很容易判断这是一个断点，那我们就先暂且不管that所在的部分，这样就可以划出两个句子。

Ekman has found that the so-called Duchenne smile, which is characterized by “crow's feet” wrinkles and a subtle drop so that the skin moves down slightly, can lead to pleasant feelings.

于是，这个句子就变成

Ekman has found that the so-called Duchenne smile, A B, can lead to pleasant feelings.

我们把A B作为一个整体，就很容易看出其是修饰名词smile的，充当的是定语的作用。而至于A与B的关系，我们只需要知道两者是由so that引导的表示结果的关系就好。这个时候，我们再去看that引导的句子就容易多了。

Ekman has found that the so-called Duchenne smile, A B, can lead to pleasant feelings.

简单说，这个句子就变成了Ekman has found C. 很容易判断C在本句中是充当宾语成份的，即宾语从句。

大家都知道，在英语语法中，定状补都是作补充说明成分的，也是需要我们做减法剔除掉的信息，而宾语是作为主干存在的，是我们需要保留的信息。那么这个例句的主干最后就成了：

Ekman has found that the so-called Duchenne smile can lead to pleasant feelings.

这样一个句子相信大家理解起来就毫不费劲了。由此可知，分析长难句其实就是通过做减法去修饰留主干的过程。

托福阅读备考之长难句分析：纳瓦霍人

As relative newcomers to the Southwest, a place where their climate, neighbors,and rulers could be equally inhospitable, the Navajo created these art forms to affect the world around them, not just through the recounting of the actions symbolized, but through the beauty and harmony of the artworks themselves. (TPO41, 49)

大家自己先读，不回读，看一遍是否能理解

(As relative newcomers to the Southwest), (a place) (where their climate, neighbors, and rulers could be equally inhospitable), the Navajo created these art forms to affect the world around them, (not just through the recounting of the actions symbolized, but through the beauty and harmony of the artworks themselves. ) (TPO41, 49)

托福阅读长难句分析：

这个句子的主干部分：

the Navajo created these art forms to affect the world around them

修饰一：(As relative newcomers to the Southwest)，介词短语

中文：作为西南部相对较新的人

修饰二：(a place) ，同位语

中文：一个地方

修饰三：(where their climate, neighbors,and rulers could be equally inhospitable) ，从句

中文：在那里气候恶劣、邻居冷漠以及统治者暴政

修饰四：(not just through the recounting of the actions symbolized, but through the beauty and harmony of the artworks themselves. )，介词短语

注意这里有一个搭配：not just … but … 不仅…而且

中文：不仅是通过详述这些象征性的行为，而且还通过艺术品本身的美和和谐

托福阅读长难句100句参考翻译：

作为西南部(在那里气候恶劣、邻居冷漠以及统治者暴政)相对较新的人，纳瓦霍人不仅是通过详述这些象征性的行为，而且还通过艺术品本身的美和和谐，创造了这些艺术形式来影响他们周围的世界。

这个句子的主要修饰成分就是从句、介词短语和同位语，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。

篇9：托福阅读词汇题雷区

托福阅读词汇题雷区

首先，托福阅读确实是需要六级以上的词汇量才能得到相对较高的分数。为什么?

第一是因为托福阅读中有一种题目叫做词汇题，词汇题是这样的一种题：你认识这个单词就肯定能做对，而且能很快地做对。你不认识这个单词就是经过层层推断，耗费了很多时间还很容易得到错误的结果，所以说解决词汇题的王道就是认识这个单词。那么词汇题在托福阅读中究竟有多重要呢?是占了25%以上的比例的。OG上说，每篇阅读题有3-6个单词题(每篇托福阅读总共只有13个题呀)，可见词汇题的重要性--只要把词汇题解决了，就能轻松拿下托福阅读中的一大块分数，还为做其它题节省了宝贵的时间。托福阅读的词汇题中考到的词汇是什么难度呢?大概是6级的词汇，也有稍难一些的。所以为了保险起见，单词的水平要达到6级以上，这样就可以把阅读中单词题的分数拿满。第二是阅读速度的问题。对于中国考生，托福阅读的一大障碍在于时间不够用，读文章的速度太慢了。不是说认识单词就能快速读懂文章，而是说单词量太小阅读速度必然大打折扣!

第二，托福阅读需要知道一点专业词汇这不假，但绝非很难很专的词汇。第一是托福阅读考察的词汇是偏于专业性质的，原因是这样：托福考试是为了看考生的英语水平能否保证其在大学中顺利学习专业知识，因此考察的内容是偏重学术的方面的，而阅读文章也多从大学课本的简易内容中选取。所以在背单词的时候对于学术词汇给予一定程度的重视是合理的。第二是托福阅读考察的专业词汇难度有限。这点也是很自然的，因为托福毕竟是一门英语水平考试，又不是专业考试。难度较大的专业词汇在阅读中确实会出现，但根本不是考察的内容，而且其意思可以很容易地猜出来。举个例子：It should be obvious that cetaceans--whales, porpoises, and dolphins--are mammals，这是OG阅读题中的一个原句。这句话中的cetacean就是一个过分专业而无需背的单词，你只要认识了whales，dolphins，mammals就知道了cetacean是生活在水里(海里的)动物，而且是哺乳动物，这就相当于知道了cetacean的意思了。需要记忆的是mammal，whale，dolphin这种比较常用的专业词汇，而不是cetacean这种生僻的类型，把精力放在背这种艰涩的单词上是很不值得的。

以上就是小编为同学们整理的托福阅读词汇题雷区的内容，总结一下，托福阅读确实需要6级以上的词汇量，并且需要记忆相对常用的专业词汇，但绝对不要把精力放在死抠生僻的专业词汇上，因为那并不是托福阅读考察的内容。希望同学们能够考出理想的托福成绩。

托福阅读：文章类型

所谓开门见山型，即指文章直接推出论点，表达文章的中心思想或主题走向。开门见山型的特征往往为定义型句子。一般都较为简短有力，富有哲理性，不超过两行。文章如属于开门见山型，则主题的确立自不待言。

所谓标靶型，即作者在起笔处先推出某个错误的论点或看法，然后加以批驳，给出作者所持的相反或相对立的观点。标靶型语句的特征往往为：“人们常常以为……”、“一般说来……”、“据称……”。遇到标靶型语句时，只要第一句作相反理解，即可确知文章的主旨。

所谓导入型，即作者先隐下主题思想不说，从别的细碎的地方谈起，渐渐接入正题。导入型的语句一般较为琐碎具体，甚至具体到某年某月。有时也纯为挑起读者的好奇心而设。如″American firms have a prob?″什么问题呢?作者只字不提。导入型语句尽管隐藏了主题思想，但文章的脉络、所涉及的范围依然清晰可见。如上句的举例，讨论的关键肯定在problem，范围局限在美国公司。

当然，托福阅读的分类并不是绝对的，有时我们也可看到几种类型缠绕在一起的句子。关键在于：读完第一句后，应能确定文章的中心思想，即或不能，也应尽可能地把握文章的讨论走向。完成了这一点，也就完成了初步阅读。剩下的就是在中心思想或文章的主题走向的指导下去做选择项了

托福阅读之常见的短语

一、带-ing词尾的介词

barring：except，not including除....外

concerning：about，regarding论及，关于

excepting=except

failing：in default of因缺少...;在缺少。..时

following：after in time;as a sequel to在....以后

including：if we include如果包括我;......包括在内

pending：during/until在.....期间/直到.....为止

regarding：about，concerning，in respect of

二、成语介词