英语高考复习讲与练（10）主谓一致和倒装

这次小编给大家整理了英语高考复习讲与练（10）主谓一致和倒装，本文共6篇，供大家阅读参考，也相信能帮助到您。本文原稿由网友“hang1987”提供。

篇1：英语高考复习讲与练（10）主谓一致和倒装

一、考点聚焦

1、语法形式上的一致

主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。

The number of students in our school is 1,700.

Mary and Kelly look alike.

2、意义上一致

（1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。

The crowd were runing for their lives.

单数形式代表复数内容的词有people、police、cattle等。

（2）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。The news is very exciting.

形复意单的单词有new、works（工厂）、means和以ics结尾的学科名称physics、poli-tics、economics等。

3、就近原则。即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如果连词or、either … or、neither … nor、not only … but also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。

Either you or I am mad.

4、应注意的若干问题

（1）名词作主语。

①某些集体名词如family、team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数，反之用复数。

My family is going out for a trip.

The whole family are watching TV.

这类词常有audience、class club、committee、company、crew、crowd、enemy、government、group、party、public、team等。

Population和“a group(crowd)of + 复数名词”也适用于这种情况，强调整体用单数，强调各个部分用复数。

②某些集体名词如people、police、cattle、oxen只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。

③单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。

A sheep is over there. Some sheep are over there.

④名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工场、住宅等；作主语时，动词一般用单数。My uncle’s is not for from here.

常见的省略名词有the baker’s 、the barbar’s、the Zhang’s等。

表示店铺的名词一般作集体名词看待，但用作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。如：

Richardson’s have a lot of old goods to sell.

⑤当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数。

Thirty years has passed.

Five minutes is enough to finish the task.

⑥不定代词each、every、no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：

Each boy and each girl in my class has a dictionary.

⑦如果主语有more than one … 或many a … 构成，尽管从意义上

看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词用单数形式。

More than one student has seen the play.

Many a boy has bought that kind of toy.

但是，“more + 复数名词 + than one”结构之后，谓语用复数。

⑧一些由两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。如glasses、clothes、trousers、shoes、compasses、chopsticks、scissors等。

但如果主语用a kind of、a pair of、a series of等加名词构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。

A pair of shoes was on the desk.

⑨this kind of book = a book of this kind(这种书)，其谓语动词；短语this kind of men = men of this kind = these kind of

men(口语)（这一类人），但this kind of men的谓语用单数，men of this kind和these kind of men的谓语用复数，all kinds of后跟复数名词，谓语用复数形式。如：

This kind of men is dangerous.

Men of theis kind/sort are dangerous.

⑩复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则，用作单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有means、works、species(种类)、Chinese、Japanese等。当它们的前面有 a、such a、this、that修饰时，谓语用单数；有all、such、these、those修饰时，谓语用复数。

○11如果名词词组中心词是all、most、half、rest等词语，所指是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式，反之用单数。

All of my students work hard.

All of the oil is gone.

○12在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：

Between the two windows hangs an oil painting.

（2）由连接词连接的名词作主语。

①用and或both … and 连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。但如果并列主语指的是同一个人，同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。

Truth and honesty is the best policy.

To love and to be loved is the great happiness.

Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.

A knife and fork is on the table.

②当主语后面跟有as well as、as much as、no less than、along with、with、like、rather than、together with、but、except、besides、including、in addition to等引导的词组时，采取“就远原则”。

③以or、either … or、neigher … nor、not only … but also等连接的词作主语时，采取“就近原则”。

（3）代词作主语。

①名词型物主代词连接的动词，既可以用单数，也可以用复数，这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。

Ours (Our Party) is a great Party.

Your shoes are white, mine (= my shoes) are black.

②such、the same起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。

Such is our plan. Such are his last words.

③关系代词who、that、which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。

④疑问词who、what、which作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。

Who lives next door? It is Xiao Liu.

Who lives next door? It is Wang and Li.

⑤不定代词any、either、neither、none、all、some、more等作主语时，要注意下列情况：

（A）单独作主语时，视其在文中的意义，动词可用单数或复数形式。Now all has been changed. All are present.（B）其后接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，动词用单数形式；若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数；在正式文体中，单数形式的动词更常用。Do (es) any of you know about the accident? None of us has

(have) seen the film.

（4）分数、量词作主语。

①“分数或百分数 + 名词”构成的短语以及由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of + 名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词，而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。如：

Lots of damage was caused by flood.

A number of students have gone to the countryside.

A large quantity of people is needed here.

Quantities of food (nuts) were still on the table.

②a great deal of、a large amount of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数；large amounts of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。

③表示数量的one and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

One and a half apples is left on the table.

④half of、(a)part of修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数，修饰可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数。

(5)名词化的形容词作主语。

如果主语由“the + 形容词（或分词）”结构担任时，谓语通常用复数。这类词有the rich、the poor、the brave、the injured、the living、the wounded等。如表抽象的也可以用单数，如the unknown、the beautiful等。

（6）从句作主语。

①由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。

What we need is more money.

What we need are more people/teachers.

②在“one of + 复数名词 + who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此从句中的谓语动词也应该是复数形式。如one前有the only则用单数形式。

This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told by my father.

She was the only one of the girls who was late for class today.

（7）不定式、名动词（短语）作主语用单数形式；There be句型中be的单复数取决于be后的第一个词的数。

There is a book, two pens on the desk.

There are two pens, a book on the desk.

5、倒装句的要点复习

（1）在以there、here、now、then、such引导的，引起人们注意的招呼句要倒装。

There goes the bell. Here comes the bus.

（2）表示动态的状语，置于句首时，句子要倒装。

Off went the horse. In came the boss.

From the speaker comes the doctor’s voice.

（3）表示地点的词语置于句首或强调地点概念时。

South of the town lie two steel factories.

Between the two buildings stands a tall tree.

注意：句子的主语为人称代词时，句子不倒装。

Here it is. Away they went.

（4）否定词never、seldom、hardly、scarcely、barely、rarely、little、not、nowhere、by no means、at no time、neither、nor等放在句首时，句子常倒装。如：

By no means shall we give up.

Never have I been to the USA.

Seldom does she get up late in the morning.

（5）在not only … but also … no sooner … than …、hardly … when …、scarcely … when …、not until …、so … that …、such … that …句型中，主句倒装，从句不倒装，但要注意：neither … nor … 连接的句子前后两个分句都要倒装。

Not only is she smart but also she is beautiful.

Such great progress did he make that he was praised.

So heavy is the box that I can’t carry it.

Neither has he a pencil, nor has he a pen.

（6）Only + 状语或状语从句 +其他（only在句首时要倒装）。

Only then did I realize the importance of learning English.

（7）so、neither、nor放在句首时，表示前面的情况也适用于另一个人或物时，用部分倒装。

（8）表语或状语或动词原形 + as/though + 主语 + 其他时，句子要倒装。（在让步状语从句中）

（9）虚拟语气中用倒装代替if。

Were I you, I would go there at once.

Had you come yesterday, you could have helped us.

（10）在一些表示祝愿的句子中。

Long live China!

二、精典名题导解

选择填空

1.-Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _________to go to university.

-So do I .(上海 )

A.hope B.hopes C.hoping D.hoped

解析：答案为B。本题考查主谓一致中的意义一致原则，不定代词either、neither、each、one、the other、another以及所有的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义一致的原则采用单数形式，排除A。选项C是非谓语动词的一种，不能单独作谓语，亦应排除。根据答语中的时态又可排除选项D。

2.The number of people invited _________ fifty, but a number of them __________ absent for different reasons.（NMET ）

A.were; was B.was; was C.was; were D.were; were

解析：答案为C。本题考查the number of和a number of 的区别。“the number of + 复数名词/代词”结构中的中心词是number,“a number of + 复数名词/代词”结构中的中心词是of后的复数名词或代词，故谓语动词分别用单、复数。解题关键在于仔细区分哪个是真正的主语。

3.-David has made great progress recently.

-_______, and __________.(上海 )

A.So he has; so you have B.So he has; so have you

C.So has he; so have you D.So has he; so you have

解析：答案为B。 本题考查倒装知识。“So + 主语 + 助动词”表“确实如此”，“So + 助动词 + 主语”表“也一样。”

主谓一致

1．His Selected Poems first published in 1965．

A．were B．was C．has been D．have been

2．Twenty dollars enough for the coat．

A．is B．are C．has D．have

3．Learning about Travel News and Sports News in China Daily his great interest．

A．is B．are C．cause D．gives

4．His family very big and all of his family music．

A．are；1ove B．are；1oves C．is；have D．is；1oves

5．It Jack and Frank who been murdered．

A．are；have B．is；are C．is；have D．is；has

6．Writing stories and articles what I enjoy most．

A．is B．have been C．was D．were

7．The poor woman with her two children in a street corner．

A．was seen beg B．were seen beg

C．Was seen bagging D．were seen begging

8．-Is there anybody in the classroom?

-No,the teacher as well as the students to the playground．

A．go B．went C．has gone D．have gone

9．Three-fourhs of the land by forest and grass．

A．has covered B．has been covered

C．have been covered D，are to be covered

10．-Have you heard about the new school?

-No,when and where to build the new one

A．is not decided B．aren’t decided

C．has not decided D．haven’t been decided

11．E-mail，as well as telephones， an important part in daily communication．

A．is playing B．have played C．Was playing D．play

12．Not even one of the hundred students who took the test passed．

A．has B．have C．is D．are

13．The worker and poet to the party the other day．

A．is invited B．was invited C．had invited D．invited

14．There a driver and a number of broken wine bottles beside the high way when the police arrived．

A．were B．was C．had been D．would be

15．Books of this kind well．

A．sell B．sells C．are sold D．is sold

16．Three fifths of the cattle sold abroad in the city．

A．has B．has been C．have D．have been

17．Three-quarters of the land covered with

green grass whikthe rest--covered with pine trees．

A．is；is B．is；are C．are；is D．are；are

18．Three million tons of coal in this district every year.

A．is exploited B．are exploited C．has exploited D．have exploited

19．I，not you， in the wrong．Not I but he been invited．

A．were；have B．were；has C．was；has D．was；have

20．Every boy and every girl that each day and each hour brings duty．

A．know；their B．knows；their C．knows；its D．know；its

主谓一致

1-5 BACCC 6-10 ACCBA 11-15 AABBA 16-20 DAACC

省略与倒装

1．If Bob’s wife doesn’t agree to sign the papers， .

A．neither he will B．neither won’t be C．neither will be D．he Won’t neither

2．Hardly the people ran toward it．

A．had the plane landed when B．had the plane 1anded than

C．the plane had landed when D．the plane Was landing than

3．Not until Mr．Smith came to China what kind of country she is．

A．did he know B．he knew C．he did know D．didn’t he realize

4．0nly by practising a few hours every day be able to master the language．

A．you can B．can you C．you will D．will you

5．Jenny is a beautiful girl and she likes dancing very much， ．

A．so is Mary B．so does Mary C．so Mary does D．so it is with Mary

6．Never before our country as strong as it is today．

A．has；been B．不填；has been C．has been；不填 D．is；不填

7．0nly by taking a taxi on time．

A．you can arrive there B．arrive there you can

C．can you arrive there D．therer you can arrive

8．Not only polluted but crowded．

A．was the city；were the streets B．the city was；were the streets

C．was the city；the streets were D．the city was；the streets were

9． got into the room telephone rang．

A． He hardly had；than B．Hardly had he；when

C．He had not；than D．Not had he；when

10．Not until over back to his lab．

A．Was the war；the scientist went B．the war was； went the scientist

C．was the war；did the scientist go D．the war was；did the scientist go

11．-Listen，there ．

- Oh，yes．There ．

A．goes the bell；it goes B．goes the bell；goes it

C．the bell goes；it goes D．the bell goes；goes it

12． then he wouldn’t have made such a mistake．

A．If he followed your advice B．Were he to follow your advice

C．Had he followed your advice D．He had followed your advice

13．Only after set free able to go on with his research work．

A．he was；was he B．was he；was he C．was he；he was D．he was；he was

14． do we go for picnics．

A．Sometimes B．Certainly C．Seldom D．0nce

15．No sooner had she seen her father she ran to him．

A．than B．when C．as D．that

l6．Nowhere else in the World cheaper tailoring than in Hong Kong．

A．a tourist can find B．can a tourist find

C．a tourist will find D．a tourist has found

17． ，the football game has been decided not to be put off．

A．Heavily as did it rain B．As it rained heavily

C．Heavily as it rained D．As heavily as it could

18．Now here else in this city ．

A．can such cheap things be found B．Can find so cheap a thing

C．such cheap things can be found D．you can find sucn cheap things

19．Not the parents their daughter to marry a rich merchant．

A．and；want B．but；wants C．but；want D．yet；want

20．-Can you tell me where my uncle is?

-Yes，of course， ．

A．here your uncle comes B．here comes your uncle

C．comes your uncle here D．your uncle here comes

21．So 1oudly that even people in the street could hear him．

A．he spoke B．did he speak C．he did speak D．spoke he

22．The door burst open and ，shouting with anger.

A．in rushed the crowd B．rushed in the crowd

C．the crowd in rushed D．in the crowed rushed

23．On the top of the hill where the old man once lived．

A．a temple stands there B．a temple standing

C．does a temple stand D．stands a temple

24．The soil is a part of the earth， is the atmosphere．

A．that B．such C．so D．it

25．Not until I shouted at the top of my voice his head．

A．that he turned B．he had turned C．he didn’t turn D．did he turn

省略与倒装

l-5 CAABD 6-l0 ACCBD 11-15 ACACA 16-20 BCABB 21-25 BADCD

篇2：英语高考复习讲与练 （3）代词与it

一、考点聚焦

代词分为九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词\\疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词、关系代词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。

1、人称代词

（1）人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下4中情况：

①作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中，或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用，常用宾格。

-Does any of you know where Tom lives?

-Me.

What! Me (to)play him at chess? No!

②句子中代词作宾语或宾语补足语时，与所替代的名词在人称、数、格在意义上一般要保持前后一致。

The thief was thought to be he.(the thief是主格，故用he代替)

They took me to be her.他们误以为我是她。（me是宾格，故用her

替代）

③作表语人称代词一般用宾格，但在强调句型中，被强调部分代词的格不变。

I met her in the hospital.→It was her who I met in the hospital.

④在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。如：He is taller than me(I).但在下列句中有区别。

I like Jack as much as her.=I like both Jack and her.

I like Jack as much as she.=I like Jack and she likes him, too.

(2)两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：

①在并列主语中，“I”总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二 三 一（人称）。宾格me也一样。

You ,she and I will be in charge of the case.

Mr.Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him.

②第三人称，男女两性并用，男先女后。

He and she still don’t agree to the plan.

(3)几个人称代词的特殊用法。

①we/you(口语)常用来泛指一般人。

②she可以代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。

The “Titanic”was the largest, wasn’t she?

2.物主代词

（1）名词和形容词性物主代词各自的语法功能。

（2）one’s own…=...of one’s own句式的转换。

（3）某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词。

如： take sb. by the arm, be wounded in the leg.

3.反身代词

（1）反身代词的语法功能：宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。

（2）反身代词和某些动词连有，构成固定短语。

enjoy oneself, feel oneself, make oneself at home, make oneself understood

（3）反身代词还可用于某些成语中。

for oneself为自己或独立地，of oneself自然地，自动地

by oneself独自地，in oneself本身性质，beside oneself喜怒哀愁至极

This problem gets a chapter to itself.这个问题占了一章（独有）。

Just between ourselves, I don’t think much of him.私下地说我并不怎么看重他。

They were discussing about it among themselves.（相互共同）

Left to himself he began to write.别人走后只留下他，他写了起来。

I’m very angry with myself.生自己的气。

4.相互代词（each other, one another）

相互代词无人称、数和格的区别，在句中作宾语。其所有格分别为each other’s 、one another’s ,作定语。

一般来说，each other指两者之间，one another指三者或三者以上之间，但现在区分已不明显。

5.指示代词（this, that , these, those, such, same）

指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性，在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。

（1）指示代词this和that的区别。

①this (these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that(those)常指时间或空间较远的人或物。

This is my desk and that is yours.

In those days they could not go to school.

②this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。

I want to tell you this:the English party will be held on Saturday

afternoon.

He hurt his leg yesterday. That’s why he didn’t come.

③为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。

The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.

The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.

④this在电话用语中作自我介绍，that询问对方；this和that可以当副词用，意思相当于副词so。

（2）such和same的用法。

①such指“这样的”人或事，在句中作主语和定语。

Such was the story.

We have never seen such a tall building.

②same指“同样的”人或事，在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语，same的前面要用定冠词the.

The same can be said of the other article.

另一篇文章也是同样的情况。（主语）

Whether he can do it or not,it is all the same to me.

他是否能做这事，对我来说都一样。（表语）

6、疑问代词（who,whom,which,what,whose）

疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语。

（1）who/what

①询问姓名或关系。--Who is he? --He is my brother./He is

Henry.询问职业或地位。--What is he？ --He is a lawyer/teacher.

②What/who 作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于说话人的视点，可单数也可复数。

What is /are on the table?

Who is/are in the library?

(2)which与who、what

which表示在一定范围内，而who、what则无此限制。

I found two books on the desk.Which is yours?

7.连接代词和关系代词

连接代词与疑问代词的形式相同，主要有who、whom、whose、what、which以及它们与ever合成的代词whoever、whomever、whatever、whichever等。它们用来引导主语从句，宾语从句和表语从句，即连接复合句中的主句和从句，并在从句中担任一定的句子成分，以连接代词引起的名词性从句前不能再加that.

关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词，它们包括who、whom、whose、which、that等。这两类代词的用法详见“名词性从句”和“定语从句”部分。

8、不定代词

不定代词主要有：all、each、every、both、either、neither、one、none、little、few、many、much、other、another、some、any、no等。还有由some、any、no和every构成合成代词，不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数和不可数之分，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等（every、no只能作定语）。下面介绍几组主要不定代词的用法与区别。

（1）some与any

一般用法：some、any可与单、复数可数名词及不可数名词连有。some一般用于肯定句，any多用于疑问、否定或条件句。

He has some Chinese paintings.(定语)

Some like sports,others like music.(主语)

Ask me if you have any questions.(定语)

Do you have any questions to ask?(定语)

I don’t know any of the students.（宾语）

特殊用法：

①any用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思。

Any child can do that.（定语）

You may take any of them.（宾语）

②some用于单数可数名词前表示“某一”。

Smith went to some place in England.（定语）

③在期待对方回答yes 时，some用在表示请求或邀请的问句中。

Would you like some bananas?（邀请）

Mum,could you give me some money?(请求)

④some 用于否定句表示部分否定。

I don’t know some of the students.（宾语）

some和any在句中还可作状语，作副词。some意为“大约”相当于“about”,而any则表示程度，意为“稍，丝毫”。如：

There are some 300 workers on strike.

Do you feel any better today?

(2)one,both,all

①one作定语、表语、主语或宾语，可以指人或物，表示“一个”的意思，其复数为ones,指人时，其所有格是one’s，反身代词是oneself.

One should try one’s best to serve the people.(主语、定语)

This is not the one I want.(表语)

one、ones可以代替上文提到过的名词，以免重复，one、ones前面分别可以用this、that、these、those或the、which等词修饰。如：

These books are more interesting than those ones.

Here are three pens.Which one is yours,this one or that one or the one in the pencil-box?

②both用作定语、宾语、主语和同位语，可以指人或指物，表示“两者都”的意思。

This maths problem can be worked out in both ways.(定语)

Both of the boys are here.(主语)

We both are students.(同位语)

注意：both用于否定句，表示部分否定；表示完全否定时，用neither。如：Both of us are not teachers.我们俩并不都是教师。

Neither of us is a teacher. 我们俩都不是教师。

both不能放在the、these、those、my等之后，而应放在它们的前面。如：Both my parents like this film.

Both the /these boys are tall.

③all用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语，指“全部的”、“整个的”，可与可数或不可数名词连用，除少数情况外，一般不与单数可数名词连用，与复数名词连用时，表示“所有的”、“全部的”，指三个或三个以上的人或物。

He gave me all the money.他把全部的钱给了我。

All the schools are flooded.所有的学校都被淹了。

I told him all about it. 我把一切都告诉了他。

That’s all for today.今天就在这儿。

They have all been to Xi’an.他们都去过西安。

注意：all 用于否定句，表示部分否定，完全否定用none。如：

Not all the ants go out for food.(or:All the ants don’t go out for food.)并不是所有的蚂蚁都出去寻找食物。

None of the money is mine.这钱一分也不是我的。

（3）many和much

many和much都表示“许多”，但many修饰或代替复数可数名词，much修饰或代替不可数名词。它们在句中可作主语、宾语、定语。much有时用作状语。

（4）few, little; a few, a little

few和little表示没有多少，含否定意义；而a few 和a little表示有一些，有几个，含肯定意义。另外，few、a few 修饰可数名词；little、a little修饰不可数名词。它们在句中常用作定语、主语和宾语。

（5）no和none

no=not any,表示“没有”，用来修饰可数名词或不可数名词，通常作定语，none代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数形式。none还可以在句中作宾语。

注意：none既可以指人又可以指物，no one只能指人。

（6）each和every

each（各个），指两个或两个以上的人或物，侧重个体，在句中作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。every（每个），指三个或三个以上的人或物，侧重整体，在句中只能作定语。

Every student it our class has a dictionary.(定语，强调班上“所有的人”)

Each student in our class has a dictionary.（定语，强调各个个体）

Each of them has been there.（主语）

The teacher gave each of the students a new textbook.（宾语）

We each got a ticket.（同位语）

（7）either和neither

either是“两者中任何一个”的意思，可修饰或代替单数可数名词，neither是“两者中没有一个”的意思，可以修饰或代替单数可数名词，它们可在句在作主语、宾语或定语。如：

Here are two pens. You may take either of them.(宾语)

Neither boy knows French.(定语)

注意：①either也作副词，其意为“也”，用于否定句的句末。He doesn’like tea, and I don’t either.（状语）②either与or构成连词，意为“不是……就是……”或“要么……要么……”。He is either Japanese or Chinese. ③neither用作副词，意为“也不”，即“not…either”。He can’t do it, neither can I. ④neither可与nor构成连词，意为“既不……也不”。Neither he nor you are a student.

（8）other和another, the others 和others

the other表示“两者中的另一个”；“the other + 复数可数名词”

表示“其余（他）的……”；the others表示“其他的人或物”。“others及other + 复数名词”泛指“其他的（别的）人或物”。这些词语在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。如：

He got two books; one is textbook, the other is a novel.

Five of the pencils are red, the others(the other pens)are yellow.

Some are singing, others are dancing.

another修饰或代替单数可数名词，意为“（三个或三个以上的）另一个”，不能指两者中的另一个，在句中可作宾语和定语。

This coat is too dark. Please show me another.(宾语)

Please give me another book.（定语）

注意：another修饰复数名词时，意为“再，又”。如：Please give me another ten minutes. one … another(a second)… a third…the other…意为“一个……一个……一个……一个”用于三者或三者以上的排列。some…others…others…，意为“一些……一些……一些”。

二、精典名题导解

选择填空

1. The Parkers bought a new house but__________will need a lot of work before they can move in.(NMET )

A.they B.it C.one D.which

解析：答案为B。分析题意可知，they显然不合，which多引导从句，从此为并列句式，one表示泛指，而此处空格内容指代前面提到的the new house。要仔细区别代词的所指范围，是人还是物，单数还是复数，另应注意句式。

2．If you want to change for a double room you’ll have to pay_________$ 15.（NMET ）

A.another B.other C.more D.each

解析：答案为A。本题考查不定代词用于表示数量附加的用法。“another + 数字 + 复数名词”结构通常用来表示在原有数量上的附加。若选C，正确结构是“数词 + more + 复数名词”。掌握another和more与数字搭配的位置是此题关键。another放在数字前，more放在数字后。NMET 1995中第25小题命题思路与此题一致。

3. Few pleasures can equal ___________of a cool drink on a hot day.(NMET )

A.some B.any C.that D.those

解析：答案为C。本题考查替代词that的用法。that通常在句中替代同类的、特定的但不是同一的事物。本句中that替代the pleasure。句意为“在炎热的夏天几乎没有任何乐趣能与饮一杯冷饮的乐趣相比”。that指代单数或不可数名词，复数用those，表示特指，以避免重复，在比较句型中较为常用，代替可数名词时可换用the one。

代词与it的用法

1.Not all these books are second-hand； of them are new．

A．all B．none C．some D．each

2.You can buy these maps at railway station．They all have them．

A．that B．any C．every D．each

3.I prefer a street in a small town to in such alarge city as Shanghai．

A．that B．it C．this D．one

4.1've only seen one copy of Gone with the wind in the bookshop opposite．Tom，g。and buy ．

A．one B．any C．other D．the others

5.At the time neither country allowed to open any companies on its land．

A．another B．the other C．other D．the others

6.Most of the housework was done by two members of the family，my sister and ．

A．me B．I C．myself D．mine

7. was thoughtful John to send me this present．

A．1t；for B．He；for C．It；of D．He；of

8.-We walked twenty miles today．

-I never guessed you could have walked far．

A．as B．this C．that D．such

9.-Have you read through the two books he lent you last week?

-No， of them is easy to read．

A．either B．none C．both D．neither

10.Meeting my uncle after all these years Was an uncom fortable moment， I will always treasure．

A．that B．one C．it D．what

11.The noise of the party prevented me from getting sleep．

A．some B．any C．no D．many

12.I hate when people talk with their mouths full．

A．it B．that C．those D．then

13.The class are busy preparing lessons for a test．

A．his B．her C．their D．its

14.-Would you care for tea or coffee?

- ，thank you．I’ve just had some tea．

A．Little B．Both C．Either D．Neither

15.It was in the house he used to 1ive that the exhibition was held．

A．where B．that C．as D．which

16.I make a rule to take a walk in the morning．

A．that B．this C．myself D．it

17. of them knew about the plan because it was k。pt a secret．

A．Each B．Any C．None D．No one

18.We couldn’t eat in a restaurant because of us had money on us．

A．all；no B．any；no C．none；any D．no one；any

19.There’re so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind to buy．

A．what B．which C．how D．where

20． we can’t get seems better than we have．

A．What；what B．What；that C．That；that D．That；what

21．Two ancient Chinese vases， worth$1，000，were sold at Sothebv’s last Monday．

A．which B．each C．every D．all

22．The computers we use today are much better than we used ten years ago．

A．one B．that C．ones D．those

23. of them are party members．Some 0f them are League members．

A．None B．Neither C．No one D．Not all

24．-Why don’t we take a 1ittle break?

-Didn’t we just have ?

A．it B．that C．one D．this

25．One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow，and ．

A．the other is white B．another white

C．the other white D．another is white

26．Some people would rather ride bike as bike riding has of the trouble of taking buses.

A.nothing B.none C.some D.neither

27．The two friends met by chance .

A．another day B．some day C．the other day D．other day

28．-Which of the two Italian films do you like better?

- ，because they are meaningless．

A．Both B．Either C．None D．Neither

29． don’t visit this part of the town．

A．The most tourists B．Most tourists C．Most of tourists D．Most the tourists

30．--Would you like some soft drink?

--Yes，but only ．

A．a few B．a little C．few D．1ittle

31．-Which coat would you prefer，sir?

-I’ll take ，to have a change sometimes．

A．all them B．them all C．both them D．them both

32．-Do you have at home now，mum?

-No，we still have to get scores of eggs and some vegetables．

A．nothing B．everything C．anything D．something

33．It was a great party． enjoyed it．

A．All of us B．Evervbody of us C．Everybody D．All

34．If this dictionary is not yours， can it be?

A．what else B．who else C．which else’s D．who else’s

35．-Have you finished your report yet?

-No，I’ll finish it in ten minutes．

A．another B．other C．more D．less

36．-Is here?

-No，Bob and Tim have asked for leave．

A．anybody B．somebody C．everybody D．nobody

37．Sarah has read lots of stories by American writers．

Now she would 1ike to read stories by writers from countries．

A．some；any B．other；some C．some；other D．other；other

38．Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder，but didn’t help．

A．he B．which C．she D．it

39．They are good friends． is no wonder that they know each other so well．

A．This B．That C．There D．It

40．This bus service is very good．There’s bus ten minutes．

A．each B．any C．all D．every

41．Mr Zhang’s English is very fluent，but he speaks Chinese．

A．1ittle B．fewer C．few D．1ess

42．-What Would you like to eat?

-I don’t mind． - whatever you’ve got．

A．Something B．Anything C．Nothing D．Everything

代词与it的用法

l-5 CBDCB 6-10 ACCDC 11-15 BACDA 16-20 DCCBA 2l-25 BDDCC 26-30 BCDBB

3l-35 DBADA 36-40 CCDDD 41-42 AB

篇3：英语高考复习讲与练（7）形容词和副词

一、考点聚焦

1、形容词、副词的作用与位置

形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词，其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。以下属几种特殊情况，须牢记；

（1）形容词短语作定语，定语后置。

a language difficult to master, a leaning tower about 180 feet high

（2）表语形容词（afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等）作定语，定语后置。如a man alive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、faint、ill只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语，ill如作定语意为“bad”。

（3）用作定语，修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词如anything、something等时，通常后置。如：

I have something important to tell you.

（4）else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。

（5）enough、nearby修饰名词前置或后置，程度副词一般位于形容词、副词前面，enough修饰形容词、副词时，必须后置。

（6）几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式→地点→时间。如：

We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday.

（7）频度副词如often、always、usually等在be动词后，行为动词前。

（8）副词作定语，定语后置。如：

The person there is waiting for you.

（9）几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定语（The、A）+ 描绘性形容词 + size（大小）+ shape（形状）+ age（年龄、时间）+ color（颜色）+ origin（国籍、来源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（目的）+ 名词。如：

a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella,

the man’s first tow interesting little red French oil paitings

（10）以-ly结尾的词性辨析。

①下列单词以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、brotherly、timely等。

②表愿意（无-ly）和引申意(有-ly)的副词：

deep深 wide宽广 high高 low位置低

deeply深入地 widely广泛地 highly高度地 lowly地位卑微

③有无-ly意义大不相同的副词：

dead完全，绝对be dead asleep

deadly非常be deadly tired

pretty相当be pretty certain that…

prettily漂亮地be prettily dressed

close近Don’t sit close.

closely密切地Watch closely!

late晚、迟arrive late, come late

lately最近I haven’t seen him lately(recently).

2、复合形容词的构成

（1）形容词 + 名词 + ed

kind-hearted好心的，white-haired白发的

(2)形容词 + 形容词

red-hot炽热的，dark-blue深蓝的

（3）形容词 + 现在分词

good-looking好看的，easy-going随和的

（4）副词 + 现在分词

hard-working勤劳的，fast-moving快速转动的

（5）副词 + 过去分词

hard-won得来不易的，newly-made新建的

（6）名词 + 形容词

life-long终生的，world-famous世界闻名的

（7）名词 + 现在分词

peace-loving爱好和平的，fun-loving爱开玩笑的

（8）名词 + 过去分词

snow-covered白雪覆盖的，hand-made手工的

（9）数词 + 名词 + ed

four-storeyed 4层楼的，three-legged 3条腿的

（10）数词 + 名词（名词用单数）

ten-year 的,two-man两人的

3、形容词和副词的比较等级

（1）原级的构成和用法。

构成：形容词、副词的原级即本身。

用法：表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“not so(as) + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数 + as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构。如：

Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.

This building looks not so (as)high as that one.

Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you .

This room is three times as large as that one.

（2）比较级和最高级的构成。

掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则，熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副词。

（3）比较级的用法。

①对方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级 + than”的结构表示。如：

This picture is more beautiful than that one.

②表示一方不及另一方时，用“less + 原级 + than”的结构表示。如：

This room is less beautiful than that one.

③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by fay等修饰。如：

He works even harder than before.

注意：英语的比较级前如无even、still或yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“…一些”或不译出，一般不可有“更”。如：

She is better than she was yesterday

Please come earlier tomorrow.

另注意：by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the”。如：

He is taller by far than his brother.

He is by far the taller of the two brothers.

④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语），the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语）”的结构（意为“越……越……”）。如：

The harder he works, the happier he feels.

⑤不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级 + and + 比较级”的结构。如：

The weather is getting colder and colder.

The girl becomes more and more beautiful.

⑥某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。这些词有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（较好的，优于……）、junior（资历较浅的）、senior（资格较老的）、prior（在……之前）等。

He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry.

⑦在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。

The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.

A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.

⑧倍数表达法。（A）A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）。The new bui9lding is four times the size(the height)of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍（高三倍）。（B）A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。（C）A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B. Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.

(4)最高级的用法。

①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the + 最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。如：

Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.

He works(the)hardest in his class.

②最高级可被序数词以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like等词语所修饰。如：

This hat is by far / much / nearly / almost / not nearly / by no means / not quite / nothing like the biggest.

How much did the secon most expensive hat cost?

③表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent、extreme、perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。

④形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。如：

He is the tallest(boy)in his class.

⑤作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。如：

Of all the boys he came(the)earliest.

(5)形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。

①形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。

②形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比较，表示“非常”。如：

He is a most clever young policeman.(a most=very)

The film is most interesting.(most=very)

③表示两者间“较……的一个”比较级前加the。如：

who is the older of the tow boys?

④在“the + 比较级…，the + 比较级…”结构中。

⑤在same前一般要加the。

⑥有些形容词前加the 成为名词。如the poor、the rich 等。

（6）由as / so组成的形容词或副词短语。

① as much as + 不可数名词数量。

Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons.

She could earn as much as ten dollars a week.

②as many as + 可数名词数量 多达

I have as a many as sixteen referrence books.

③as early as早在

As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island.

④as far as远到；就……而知（论）

We might go as far as (走到)the church and back.

As far as I know（就我所知），he has been there before.

⑤may (might, could)as well不妨、不如

Then you might as well stay with us here.

⑥as … as can be到了最……的程度，极其

They are as unreliable as they can be.他们极其不可信。

⑦as … as one can

He began to run, as fast as he could.

⑧as … as possible

Just get them to finish up as quickly as possible.

(7)几组重要的词语辨析。

①very 和much的区别。（A）可分等级的形容词和副词前使用very不用much。(B)表示状态的过去分词前用very。a very frightened boy, a very tired child, a very complicated problem, 一般的情况下，以-ing、-ed结尾的分词多用much、very much / greatly等修饰。如：We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom. I was much amused by Jack’s attitude。(C)已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very。如：very interesting / worrying / exicting。（D）too前用much或far,不用very。You are much / far / a lot too nice.另外，在too many / much, too few / little前用far。 There’s far too little opportunity for adventue these days.We’ve got far too many eggs and far too few egg cups.（E）关于原级形容词要记住下列固定的修饰结构：（a）修饰绝对意义的形容词，一般不用very,而用quite completely、well、entirely。如：quite wrong(mistaken, sure)、completely dead、quite impossible、quite perfect等。（b）修饰以a-开头的形容词，多有特殊的修饰词：quite alone, very much alone, wide awake, fast asleep, very much afraid。(c)修饰一些特殊形容词的修饰语有：be well worth, much the same, freezing cold, quite different, terribly cold / frightening。

②so … that … 与such … that … 的区别。

so + 形容词 / 副词 + that …

so + 形容词 + a（n）+ 单数可数名词 + that …

so + many / much / little / few + 名词 + that …

such + a(n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词 + that …

such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that …

such + 形容词 + 复数名词 + that …

注意：下列结构中只能用so不可用such,当名词前有many、much、little、few等表示“多、少”的词修饰时，如 so much progress、so many people、so little food、so few apples等。但当little表示“小”时用such。如：These are such little boys that they can’t dress themselves.下列so的用法是错误的：so a diffcult problem,so difficult problems, so hot weather。

③其他几组词的辨析。（A）ago、before:ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”；before指以过去或将来的某时刻为起点的“以前”。泛指“以前”用before而不用ago。（B）already、yet、still:already表示某事已经发生；yet表示期待某事发生；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句。

(C)too、also、either:too和also用于肯定句，too多用于口语，also多用于书面语，either用于否定句。(D)good、well:与good不同的是，well作形容词，只能在系动词后作表语，表示“身体状况好”，也作副词修饰动词。(E)quick、fast:作形容词皆表“快”。fast多指运动的物体，含持续的意思。quick多指一次动作的敏捷、突然，而且持续的时间较短。(F)real、true:形容词表“真的”。real强调真实存在的而不是幻想的，在句中常作定语；true指与事实标准和实际情况相符合，在句中作表语或定语。(G)hard、difficult:均表“困难”，但hard通常指体力上困难；difficult则指智力或技能上的困难，困难程度大于hard。它们都可作定语和表语。

二、精典名题导解

选择填空

1. It is generally believed that teaching is ___________it is a science.（NMET 2001）

A.an art much as B.much an art as

C.as an art much as D.as much an art as

解析：答案为D。本题可从考查形容词的同级比较点入手。在同级比较as…as句式中，如果as后面的形容词作定语且其所修饰的名词前有不定冠词时，该冠词须置于形容词之后，即形成“as + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词 + as”结构。这道题在名词专题中也有解析，不同的是观察视角不同，应注意培养发散思维。

2. It is always difficult being in a foreign country, __________if you don’t speak the language.(NMET 2000)

A.extremely B.naturally C.basically D.especially

解析：答案为D。本题考查副词的词义辨析。注意掌握词语的准确含义，结合语境进行分析。A项意为“极端地”；B项意为“自然地”；C项“基本上”；D项“尤其，特别地”。根据句意“如果你不会讲（它的）语言，在国外你就总会困难重重”可知答案。

3. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is ______known for his plays.(NMET )

A.the best B.more C.better D.the most

解析：答案为C。本题考查副词的比较级和最高级。要把握句式之间的联系，抓住句子的隐藏信息，结合语境进行分析。根据句意，句中but后应有一词组be well known for…。同时，应注意到前后两个分句把professor White的短篇小说和戏剧进行了对比，故应用well的比较级。

形容词与副词

1．If we had followed his plan，we could have done the

job better with money and people．

A．1ess；less B．fewer；fewer C．1ess；fewer D．fewer；less

2．It is impossible for so workers to do so work in a single day．

A．few；much B．few；many C．1ittle；much D．little；many

3．-If you don’t like the red coat，take the blue one．

-0K，but do you have size in blue?This one is a bit tight for me．

A．big B．a bigger C．the big D．the bigger

4．After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced tractors in 1988 as the year before．

A．as twice many B．as many twice C．twice as many D．twice many as

5．-How did you find your visit to the museum?

-I thoroughly enjoyed it．It was than I expected．

A．far more interesting B．even much interesting

C．so more interesting D．a lot much interesting

6．If there were no examinations，we should have at schoo1．

A．the happiest time B．a more happier time C．much happiest time D．a much happier time

7．On the river there is bridge．

A．an old fine stone B．a fine new wood

C．a stone fine old D．a new wood fine

8．If I had ，I’d visit Europe，stopping at all the small interesting places．

A．a long enough holiday B．an enough long holiday

C．a holiday enough long D．a long holiday enough

9．It Was raining heavily．Little Mary felt cold，so she stood to her mother．

A．close B．closely C．closed D．closing

10．The means of getting from place to place in

the city is the bus．

A．most commonly useful public B．most commonly public used

C．public used more commonly D．most commonly used public

11.Alice is going camping with girls．

A．1ittle two other B．two other little

C．two 1ittle other D．1ittle 0ther two

12.Where have you been days?

A．all last these few B．these all last few

C．1ast all few these D．all these last few

13.He has made progress that all of us want to learn from him．

A．such a good B．so good a

C．a so good D．such good

14.All the people at the party were his supporters.

A．present B．thankful C．interested D．important

15.This kind of apple tastes and sells

A．well；well B．good；good C．good；well D．well；good

16．The storm kept me all through the night．

A．awake B．awoke C．awaked D．awaken

17．My brother was still studying into the night while I was asleep．

A．1ate；sound B．1ately；wide C．deeply；far D．far；late

18．The temperature of a person is about 37℃．

A．formal B．normal C．common D．usual

19．I’m always very when I was asked to recite the text in class．

A．curious B．nervous C．mysterious D．sad

20．It Was impossible for her to get the 9 o’clock train，I know she got up at

9：15．

A．quite B．very C．too D．much

形容词与副词

1-5 CABCA 6-10 DBAAD 11-15 BDDAC 16-20 AABBA

篇4：英语高考复习讲与练（6）介词和连词

一、考点聚焦

1、介词的分类与语法功能

（1）介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等）构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。介词分为：简单介词，如at、in、for等；合成介词，如within、inside、onto、througout等；短语介词，如according to、out of、because of、by means of、in spite of、instead of等。双重介词，如from behind / above / under、until after等。分词介词，如considering、including、judging(from / by) 等。

常见的介词宾语：名词、代词、动名词、从句、不定式等。如：

①It is going to rain this afternoon according to the weather

forecast.

②He quarrelled with her yesterday.

③He succeeded in passing the final exam.

④I’m still thinking of how I can fulfil the task ahead of time.

⑤The professor will give us a talk on how to study English well.

（2）介词短语在句中可作表语、定语、状语和宾补等。如：

①This machine is in good condition.(表语)

②Where is the key to my bike?(定语)

③Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(状语)

④She always thinks herself above others.（宾补）

2、介词搭配

（1）“动词+介词”搭配：注意特定搭配与同一介词与多个动词搭配意义不同的情况。

①rob sb. of sth. / clear the road of snow(“夺去、除去”意

义的动词与of 连用)

②supply us with food / fill the glass with wine（“供给”意义的动词与with连用）

③make a desk of wood / make bread from flour / make the material into a coat（“制作、制造”意义与of、from、into连用）

④介词 + the + 部位与动词的关系（=动词 + sb.’s + 部位，可换用）

strike him on the head(“击，拍，碰，摸”意义与on连用)

catch him by the arm(“抓，拉，拿，扯”意义与by连用)

hit the boy in the face（“肚，胸，眼，脸”等人体前部与in连用）

⑤prevent(stop, keep)sb. from doing sth.(“阻止，禁止”意义与from连用)

⑥persuade(advise, warn)sb. into doing sth.（“说服，建议”意义与into连用）

⑦buy sb. for sth.(leave、get、win、gain、lose等“得失”意义与for连用)

⑧tell sth.to sb.(show、teach、sing、write、read等“告知”意义与to连用)

⑨give sth. to sb.（give、allow、promise、pass、hand等“授予”意义与to连用）

注意：⑦⑧⑨可换成buy sb.sth.双宾结构。

⑩say to sb.(suggest、explain、apologize、murmur、whisper与“对象”连用必须用to)不可说suggest sb.sth.。

同一动词与不同介词搭配意义不同。

for（寻找） to sth. of(听说) on(拜访)

look to (眺望) agree with sb. hear call for(需要)

at（看） on sth. from(收到信) in(请)

同一介词与不同动词搭配，意义各异。

reply to the letter回信，sing(dance)to the music和……唱（跳），amount to 达到，加起来有……，devote to把……贡献给，drink to为……干杯，object to反对，look forward to 渴望，come to苏醒，belong to属于，search for搜……，ask … for … 寻找，use … for用作，leave for前往，take … for误以为，call of倡导，wait for等待，care for喜欢，make up for弥补损失，turn to求助（救）于，help oneself to随意，agree to同意，compare … to把……比作，send for派人去请（拿）……，sail for驶向，航向，set out for动身去，go in for爱好……。

（2）常见“形容词 + 介词”搭配。

of担心…… about / at sth.

afraid angry

for 替……而担心 with sb.

for sth.渴望…… different from与……不同

amxious

about sth. / sb担心…… different to … 不关心……

of讨厌 with sb.

tired strict

from/ with因……疲倦 in sth.要求严格

at擅长 with sb.受……欢迎

good for对……有益 popular in some place流行在……

of sb. to do so友好 for … 因……而流行

with + 名词或what从句

pleased helpful to对……有帮助

at + 抽象名词（听 / 看到……而高兴）

to sb.为人所知

known for因……而出名 be familiar with熟悉

as作为……出名 be familiar to为……熟知（悉）

sorry for … 替……后悔 disappointed at sth.失望

from缺席

rich in富有…… absent

in离开此地去了……

worthy of值得的，glad about sth. for sb.为某人某事高兴，far from离……远，grateful for sth. to sb.为某事感激某人，free from没有……（免除……），proud of(take pride in)自豪，satisfied with (by)满意，sure of / about确信，fond of喜欢，fit for适合，busy with sth.(in doing sth.)忙着干某事，full of充满，ready for准备，similar to相似，wrong with不对；有毛病……

（3）“名词 + 介词”要注意习惯搭配和意义区分。

the absence of water缺水

the hope of success成功的希望

have a chance of (for) entering college上大学的机会

take pride in them为他们感到骄傲

the key to the question问题的答案

a medicine for cough治咳嗽的药

the ticket for tomorrow明天的票

in Beijing去了北京

his abesence

from Beijing不在北京

to study学习方法

the way

of studying maths学习教学的方法

3、核心介词用法归纳与辨析

（1）表示时间的介词in的用法如下。

表示在某一较长时间内，如世纪、年、月、季、周等一般用介词in，

如：in the 1990s, in the year, in January, in(the) winter / summer / fall / spring, in the first week of May。

还可以用时段名词组成固定短语或词组。如：in a while, in no time, in the daytime, in a short while, in time, in the morning (afternoon, evening)。但要注意：

①at night / at noon, in the day(在白天),in the night（大夜间）。

②in five days（weeks, months, years）中in意思是“在……以后”。

③in和during表一段时间内两词可互用。如：in the night, during the night, in the war, during the war。但略有区别：当接表示“活动”的抽象名词时多用during，接“活动”的动名词及短语时用in。如：

during the discussion in discussing the problem

during her stay in Hubei in playing basketball

during the course of in digging the tunnel

（2）在具体的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕，常用on。

on Sunday(s).on Tuesday morning

on Christmas Day(但at Chrismas),on Christmas Eve, on

Children’s Day

on March 8, on the morning (afternoon, evening)of Oct.1

early on the morning of Oct.1(区别：in the late / early morning of Oct.1)

on a rainy night, on warm winter days

(3)表示某一时刻或某一点时间用at,如小时、分钟等。

at breakfast(supper, lunch),at six

at noon (sunrise, sunset, midday, night, midnight, dawn)

at the age of 15, at the time of war,但in time of danger/ trouble。

注意：有些时间名词前不接介词。如：

next day、last Sunday、that morning、these years

one、each、any、every、some、all修饰时,一般不用介词,如some day

one day、yesterday / afternoon,the night before

（4）till、until、to的用法。

①till(until)与持续动词连用一般用于肯定句中，与短暂动词连用一般用在否定句中。如：

He waited for me till twelve o’clock.

He didn’t get up till(until) 10 a.m.(不可用to).

但注意：在句首出现或强调句型中一般不用till而用until。如：

Not until 9 a.m.did Mr.Smith come back to school.

②to表“终结”时常用和from连用，但要注意不与from连用时的意

义。如：from July to September, from six to(till)eight（从……到……为止），但from morning till night（从早到晚），不能用to。from … to常构成习惯搭配，不可换用其他介词。（A）表持久连续、传递、转移的含义。from time to time(不时，有时)，from day to day (天天),from hand to hand(不断传下去)，from place to place（处处，到处），from side to side(左右摇摆)，from door to door（家家户户），from house to house（挨家挨户），from shop to shop（一个商店接一个商店）。(B)表起始终止的全过程或程度加深、状态变化。from beginning to end(从头到尾，自始至终)（from the beginning to the end of…）;from hand to mouth(仅能糊口)，from bad to worse(越来越糟)，from head to foot(从头到脚),

from top to bottom（整个地，彻底地），from top to toe(全身)，from start to finish（自始至终，从头到尾）。（C）from one + 名词 + to another表示“依次”。如from one car to another（顺着车厢依次地）。（D）名词 + by + 同一单数名词，表示“一个一个地”，要与from … to短语区别开：one by one 一个一个地；little by little(bit)一点一点地；step by step 一步一步地，逐渐地（但by and by 不久以后）；sentence by sentence逐句地；day by day一天一天地；side by side(with…)(和……)并肩，一起；shoulder to shoulder肩并肩地，齐心协力；hand in hand 手拉手，紧紧地;face to face面对面。

（5）in、after、later

①in + 一段时间：表示说话时为起点一段时间之后，与一般将来时连用；但表示“在……之内”时，用于各种时态。

②一段时间 + later(later是副词)：表示某一具体时间或某一方面具体时间算起的一段时间后。

③after + 一段时间表示：“在……之后”，用于一般过去时；但时间为点时间时，只能用after,即after + 点时间，用于各种时态。

The doctor will be with us in six minutes.

She graduated in 1981,and eight years later she became the manager of the factory.

He received her letter after four weeks.

另外，in + 一段时间 + ’s + time 与 within + 一段时间的用法如下：

in a week’s time = in a week

They will arrive in three days’ time.(与将来时连用)

My brother’s birthday is in two weeks’ time.（作表语）

I’ll finish the book within two weeks.(within = in less than…用于各种时态，不超出，在……之内)

（6）地点介词at、on、in、to、across、through、over、under、below。

①at 在较小的场所，in在较大的场所，on在……的平面上。如at the

door、at the airport、at the station、at 55 Park Street、in China、in the north、in Asia、on the desk、on the wall等。

②on、at、in还可以表示两地相对位置。若A地属于B地，用in;A地位于B地的外面且有边缘衔接用on；无边缘的衔接有to。如：

Japan lies to the east of China.(范围之外)

Taiwan lies in the southeast of China.（范围之外）

Hunan province lies on the west of Hubei province.(毗邻)

The island lies off the coast of China.(相隔一定距离)

③地点介词的引申、比喻意义：in the sun在阳光下，in the dark(ness)在黑暗中，in the dark不知道，in freezing weather在严寒天气中，in the mud在泥中，in the earth在地下,in the desert在沙漠中,in a heavy rain 在大雨中，in the snow / wind在雪/风中,in public 当众，in trouble 在困境中，get into trouble陷入困境，out of trouble摆脱困难，beyond hope绝望。

④across在物体表面“穿过”；through则表示在三维空间内部“穿过”。如：

They walked across the playground.

I walked through the forest.

⑤over / under / above / below。

over、above译作“在……之上”；under、below译作“在……的下面”，其区别在于over、under表示一种直接的、垂直的上下关系；而above、below则表示一般的“高于”或“低于”，不一定是垂直“在上”或“在下”。如：

A little boat is now under the bridge.

There is a bridge over the river.

The sun sinks below the horizon(地平线)

The window is well above the tree.

⑥表示地点介词的静态性和动态性

He walked to the station（静态，表示方向和目的地）

He walked towards the station.(动态，只表示方向)

He is kind to (towards)us.（两者通用）

He is at the station.(静态，表示地点)

They arrived at the station.(动态，表示地点)

He swam away from the ship.(动态“离开”)

He stood away from the shop.(静态“远离”)

He fell onto the floor.(动态“到地面”)

The city is on the Changjiang River.(静态“平面”)

Go off the road.偏离了道路（动态“离去”）

Come along the river.沿着河过来（线）

across the fields 跨过田野……，over the desert跨越沙漠

across the river横跨这条河……，over the hill翻过这座山

be in the house(静态，在这里……)stay out of the car(静态，在……外)

go into the house(动态，进入)fly out of the country(动态，离开)

（7）表示方式、手段、工具的介词

①by the year/hour/day按年/小时/天。如He rent a house by the year(day,hour).(按by+the+单位名称)但to the pound按磅算，to the ton按吨计。

②表泛指的方式、手段

by post/mail邮寄，by telephone(radio),但on the phone/on the radio/on TV(电讯器材)，by electricity用电，by machinery用电器，by hard work,learn sth.by heart,through the satellite,through practice,through his own efforts,through experience,through the telescop

③交通工具类

by bus/train/car/taxi(road)

by bike/bicycle,on horse back/on foot

by plane/jet/spaceship,by air

by ship/boat/lifeboat,by sea/by water

另外：by means of 用……方法，by way of 经由，取道于，用……方法，with the help (permission)of sb./with sb.’s help (permis-

sion)。

④表方式、手段的其他用法

He beat the dog with a whip.(with+工具机器)

One smells with his nose.(with+人体器官，但by hand“手工，用手”)

He stood up with pride.(with+情绪、情感、态度的名词)

注意：使用语言、材料、文字等用in。如in English(ink,pencil)。另外如：in high (good,low)spirits,in anger,in joy,in comfort,in sorrow,in safety,in danger,in need,in debt,in love,in fun,in pain,in tears,in surprise,in good(poor)health,in good order,in flower,in a way,in a low voice,in silence,in(with)satisfaction,in a hurry,in(with)words,live/feed on food,kneel on one’s knee,take(catch)sb.by surprise(出其不意)

（8）表示“除……之外”的几组常用介绍比较。

①besides 除……以外，（还有）。作副词时意思是“而且，更何况”。

Well all went to the cinema besides Shaw.除了肖外，我们都去了电影院。

It was too late to see a film, and besides, I was tired.

②except除去，除……之外（不再有）。

We all went except John.我们都去了，约翰没有。

在否定句中，两词可以换用，如：

He has no other hats except / besides this one.

③except for除了……（对句子主题进行细节校正或附加说明）后接名词、代词或what从句，此时与except that + 句子意思相同。

He was very clever except for carelessness.

④except that … 除了……一点以外。

He has not changed except that he is wearing dark glasses.

⑤but与except

but和except在表示“除了……以外”时可以通用，但应注意以下三点：

①前面有不定人词、疑问代词在意义上对称时，多用but。

All but one are here.

Nobody but I likes making model ships.

②后接不定式短语为排除对象时，多用but。

He has nothing to do but wait.（前有do,后省to）

③but与一些固定结构连用。

have no choice but to do sth.只得做某事，can not but do sth.不得不,can not help but do sth.不得不……，but for … 如不是……

（9）between与among.

between通常指两者之间。也可以用于三者以上的两者之间。如：

Ann is between Tom and Bill.

Switzer land lies between France, Germany, Australia and Italy.

They soon finished the work between themselves.(共同，合作)

She was busy between cooking, washing, sewing and looking after the baby.(表示接连不断地，一个接一个地忙这忙那)

A horse can be seen between trees now.

among表示三者以上之间。如：

The story is said to have happened in a village among the hills.

He was happy to be among friends again.

We must agree among ourselves.(一起，共同)我们必须达成共识。

London is among the largest cities.( = one of与最高级连用)

（10）表原因的介词for、because of、due to。

He didn’t come to the meeting because of his illness.

The reason for his coming late is that he was ill.

He was praised for his bravery and courage.

The accident is due to your careless driving.

(11)不定式复合结构中的for、of。

这里所说的不定式复合结构形式指的是for 或of加上人或事，作动词不定式逻辑主语的结构。

①It is clever of you to answer it like that.

②It is quite hard for me to explain why.

注意：两句中的of和for的使用，表语形容词能够说明不定式逻辑主语的性质、特征与面貌时用of,如果说明不定式行为本身的性质、状态等则用for。

（12）兼作连词和副词的介词。

①after、since、till / still、before这些词既是介词，又是连词。

The children went home at once after school.

They went to bed after they had finished the job.

②in、on、along、down、up、after、before、along、beyond等介词可兼作副词。

He ran down the hill.（介词）

Can you lift that box down from the shelf for me ?(副词)

③有的介词可以兼作连词和副词。

All the students got to school before me.(before为介词)

We do want to buy something now before prices go up.(连词)

Haven’t I seen you before?(before为副词)

（13）介词的省略。

①表示时间的介词on、at 、in的省略。在next、last、yesterday、tomorrow、each、one、any、every、all等词之前，可以省略，也可以不省略。如（at）last weekend、（on）that day等。

②介词for表示时间的省略要求。（A）以all开头的名词短语，for要省略。如：I stayed with her all he morning.（B）表示一段时间的短语之前，for可以省略，也可以不省略。如：I have been waiting hereI (for) more than three hours.（C）否定句中，表示时间的短语前的for不能省略。如：I haven’t seen you for thirty years.(D)时间状语在主句之前，for不能省略。如：For the whole morning,the old man kept reading.

③某些动词短语之后的介词可以省略。

Nothing can prevent me(from)doing the job.

She spent nearly two hours(in)translating it.

（14）某些名词与介词构成的固定搭配。

①要求接to的名词有：key、answer、visit、entrance、apology、introduction、road等。

②要求接in 的名词有：interest、satisfaction、expert等。

He is expert in teaching small children.

(15)几个常用的并列连词。

①both … and, either … or, neither … nor

both … and“双方都”，连接句子的两个主语时，其后谓语动词通常用使用复数形式。either … or与neither … nor注意采取“就近原则”。

②not only … but also, as well as

注意：两者强调对象不同，not only … but also强调的是but also之后部分，而as well as则强调其前面的部分。not only … but also采取“就近原则”，而as well as只是一个插入语，采取“就远原则”。如：

Mr.Smith, as well as his wife and children, has come to Nanjing for a visit.

not only … but also结构中的not only可用于句首，连接两个分句时，第一个从句主谓要倒装。

Not only is he clever ,but also he is hard working.

（16）几个常用的从属连词。

①when、while、as都表示“当……时候”，when引导的从句的动作与主句的动词可同时发生，也可先后发生；as、while引导的从句则强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。如：

When I go to the station, the train had already left.

He sang merrily as he was working.

②till、until均表示“到……时候止”，肯定句中的谓语必须是延续性动作。如：I worked till late at night.若主句谓语是终止性动词，则主句要用否定形式，意为动作“到……才……”开始发生。如：

She didn’t get up until her mother came in.

注意：till和until通常情况下可以互换，只是在句首时until比till更常用。

③though、although均引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然……”，although较正式，though最常用。如：

Thouth (Although)he was tired,he kept on working.

注意：though、although引导的从句不能与but、however连用，但可以与yet、still连用。though还可以与别的词结合使用，如even though、

as though,而although则不能这样搭配。

④no sooner … than、hardly … when、as soon as三者都表示“一……就”，“刚刚……就”的意思。（A）as soon as 置于主句前后都可以，而且有备各种时态。如：As soon as she gets here I’ll tell her about

it. Mary left as soon as the finished the work.(B)hardly … when、no sooner … than不能表示将来的事，其主句的谓语动词一般用过去完成时，从句用过去时。若将hardly或no sooner放在句首，句子要倒装。如：No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.

⑤某些表示时间的名词（词组）也可用作从属连词。它们是：the moment, the minute,the instant, the day, the time, the first(second, third …)time, the spring (summer, autumn,winter),every(each,next,

any) time(day),by the time,都可引导时间状语从句。如：

His mother died the spring he returned.

Call me up the minute he arrives.

二、精典名题导解

选择填空

1. The home improvements have taken what little there is _________my spare time.(NMET )

A.from B.in C.of D.at

解析：答案为C。本题考查句子结构中介词of的有法。what引导的从句作谓语have taken的宾语，而从句中的基本句型为“there is little of …”,表示“……有很少”，what 修饰little提到了从句句首。注意正确把握句子结构和介词用法，要明白of my spare time和in my spare time的区别。

2. ____________ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.(NMET )

A.As B.For C.With D.Through

解析：答案为C。本题考查with的复合结构作状语的用法。“with + 名词 + 不定式/分词/名词/形容词/介词短语等”可在句中作伴随、时间、原因、条件等状语。本题中with的复合结构作伴随状语。

3. The changes in the city will cost quite a lot, ___________they will save us money in the long run.（2000春季高考题）

A.or B.since C.for D.but

解析：答案为D。本题考查并列连词or、for、but和从属连词的意义和用法。并列连词or通常表示选择关系；for表示因果关系；but表示转折关系；从属连词since表示原因。通过比较前后两个分句意思可知，它们是转折关系。

4. After she considered the problem, she got a tall box to stand ________.

A.on B.up C.above D.by

解析：答案为A。不定式“to stand + 介词”作定语修饰a tall box,其中被修饰词在逻辑意义上是不及物动词，只有加上吊尾介词，句子意思才完整。吊尾介词往往由于受到汉语的影响而缺少，吊尾介词使用的场合有：

（1）定语从句中，先行词被一个不及物动词所修饰，不及物动词后要接介词，先行词被“动词 + 介词”组成的短语动词所修饰，介词常在句尾。

He is the man I just spoke to.

(2)what、whose、who、whatever等引导的宾语从句，宾语从句出现吊尾介词。

I can’t imagine what it is like.

(3) 强调句型，特殊疑问句中由于被强调部分和疑问词位置变更，常出现吊尾介词。

It was the poor boy that we gave the books to.

What for? Where to? Who with?

(4)不及物动词的不定式修饰表“涉及对象、场合、工具、方式、材料”等意义的名词时常带吊尾介词。

a room to live in, a bench to sit on

There is nothing to worry about.

She is a good girl to work with.

(5)某些形容词后接不定式或“动词 + 介词”型短语，动词的不定式形式表“反射”，常用吊尾介词。

①fit、easy、hard、comfortable、difficult、heavy等形容词后。

②The river is good to swim in.

The box is too heavy to carry.

③be worth doing sth.,be worthy of being done / to be done, want/

require / need doing

介词与连词

1．We offered him our congratulations his passing the college entrance exams．

A．at B．0n C．for D．of

2．Let’s walk over--the sun．

A．in B．to C．under D．by

3．We’re all going to the games．Why don’t you come ?

A．up B．across C．along D．to

4．If you are worried about the problem，you should do something it．

A．about B．for C．against D．with

5．I wanted two seats Madame Curie for Friday night，so I rang the cinema to see if I could book two tickets．

A．of B．about C．to D．for

6．He thought the jar made of earth little value and 1et me have it only one dollar．

A．with；for B．of；for C．of；by D．with；by

7．We can’t feel that we are going forward as everythjng us is moving the same speed．

A．around；at B．around；with C．before；at D．with；in

8．The two rings are so alike that it is difficult to tell one the other．

A．very；to B．much；to C．much；from D．very；from

9．It’s so nice to go out for a walk a cool nice summer evening．

A．in B．on C．for D．a

10．He decided to the matter himself．

A．look through B.look into C．look after D．look up

11．I ran an old friend of mine yesterday，whom I hadn’t seen for ages．

A．across B．cross C．after D．for

12．The scientist is well known us his great achievement．

A．to；for B．by；for C．by；as D．to；in

13．This article is quite me．There are too many new words

A．above B．against C．upon D．beyond

14．Does John know any other foreign languages French？

A．except B．but C．besides D．beside

15．She thought I was talking about her daughter， ，in fact，I was talking about my daughter．

A．whom B．where C．which D．while

16．They were surprised that a child should work out the problem they themselves couldn’t．

A．once B．then C．while D．if

17．My name is Robert， most of my friends call me Bob for short．

A．then B．instead C．however D．but

18．-I don’t like reading watching TV．What about you?

-I don’t like reading all day， I 1ike watching TV plays．

A．and；but B．and；and C．or；and D．or；but

19．It was raining hard， ，the peasants went on with their work．

A．but B．and C．however D．although

20．-What do you want those old boxes?

-To put things in when I move to the new flat．

A．by B．for C．of D．with

介词与连词

1-5 BACAD 6-10 BACBB 11-15 AADCD 16-20 CDDCC

篇5：英语高考复习讲与练（21）短文改错

一、考点聚焦

1、题型特点

（1）词法内容。包括名词、代词的数与格，反身代词，动词时态语态，非谓语动词、短语动词的用法，不规则动词的变化形式，形容词的比较级，形容词副词的区别，介词的误用等。

（2）句法内容。包括主谓一致、指代一致，并列连词，从属连词等引导各种从句的关联词语，感叹句，疑问句，祈使句的结构等。

（3）行文逻辑。包括句子的肯定、否定、推理、判断等。

二、应试技巧点拨

（1）通读全文，了解文章主旨大意，确定文章的题材、体裁，把握文章的背景知识。

（2）逐句分析，把握结构。粗略分析词法、句法、逻辑上是否有问题。

（3）逐行修改，先易后难。

（4）复读全文，验证答案。一要注意错误点的分散与比例，二要注意答题是否合乎规范。

2、改错歌诀

现将本书编写者总结的短文改错歌诀提供给大家，希望有所帮助。

短文改错要做好，常见类型应记牢。

名词爱考“数”与“格”，冠词在前“错”“多”“少”。

动词时态和语态，非谓语搭配莫错了。

连代形副错一样，多是故意来混淆。

介词多半搭配，多漏误用想周到。

句法涉及到“一致”①，从句多考关系词。

词法句法均未错，逻辑推理去寻找。

“1126”惯常比②，回读复查敲定稿。

注：①“一致”：包括主谓一致，代词及相应的限定词在数、性、称方面的一致，主语与主语补语，宾语和宾语补语的一致等。 ②“1126”：指的是通常10个题项有一处是正确的，一处（或两处）属多余，两处（或一处）需补加成分，6处需更改。当然，此非“定势”，仅作参考。

三、错误类型

笔者对以来的高考英语改错题作了细致的分析并加以归类后，发现错误类型主要集中在以下方面。(为了既节省篇幅，又方便读者查阅原题，本文从历年的高考英语短文改错题中抽出句子为例，并在例句后注上出自哪一年的第几小题，如(.86)意为该例句出自19高考英语改错题的第86小题。另外，例句中非属某特定错误类型的错误已被笔者改正。)

1、动词时态

从过去6年的高考英语改错题来看，每年都有时态错误的小题，而且改动基本集中在一般过去时与一般现在时之间。时态的更改要以上下文的主体时态为依据。

(1)They offered me coffee and other drinks.We have a

good time talking and laughing together. had(1996.92)

(2)Dear Bob，

Hello.I learn about you from my English teacher Miss

Fang. learned(.86)

(3)My favorite sport is football.I was a member of our

school football team. am(.86)

(4)I am happy with any programme but the others spent a

lot time arguing... was(.92)

(5)I remembered her words and calm down.

calmed(2000.83)

(6)They did not want me to do any work at home；they want

me to devote all my time to my studies so that...

do(2001.79)

(7)The time passes quickly.Evening came.

passed(.82)

2、名词单复数

单复数互改是高考英语改错题的基本题型之一，改动的依据有：一是根据名词前的修饰限定成份；二是根据上下文的逻辑关系。

(1)They were eager to know everything about China and

asked me lots of question. questions(1996.94)

(2)We study quite a few subject，such as

maths，Chinese，English and physics. subjects(1997.91)

(3)We practise three times every week and often watch

football match on TV together. matches(1998.88)

(4)She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me

success，but... schoolmates(2000.77)

(5)...；they want me to devote all my time to my studies

so that I'll get good marks in

all my subject. subjects(2001.81)

(6)On the way up I was busy taking picture since the

scenery was so beautiful. pictures(2002.82)

3、句子结构

句子结构方面的错误范围庞大，解答高考英语改错题主要可以从以下几方面来思考：1)句子结构是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2)单词的词性与其在句中的功能是否相符；3)复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等。

(1)They∧eager to know everything about China and asked

me lots of questions.(形容词不能单独作谓语) were(1996.93)

(2)I'd like to∧your penfriend，and get to know more

about your country. be/become(1997.87)

(“I'd like to...”中的“to”为动词不定式的标志词，其后必须加动词原型)

(3)I live in Beijing，where is the capital of China.

which(1997.89)

(关系词在定语从句中作主语，应该用关系代词)

(4)What∧your favourite sport？

is(1997.94)

(“主系表”结构中缺少连系动词)

(5)I look forward to hear from you soon.

hearing(1997.95)

(此句中“to”为介词，其后必须加名词，代词或动名词等相当于名词的词)

(6)Play football not only makes us grow up tall and

strong but also... Playing(1998.89)

(动词不能作主语)

(7)Also，the sport teaches us the important of

obedience(服从). importance(1998.93)

(形容词“important”不能作动词“teaches”的直接宾语)

(8)I was often a little tired after a day's work and

watch TV demands very little effort.

watching(1999.88)

(同(6)，动词不能作主语)

(9)Unfortunate，there are too many people in my family.

Unfortunately(1999.89)

(作为全句的状语，应该用“Unfortunate”的副词形式)

(10)...but it didn't matter that I would win or not.

whether(2000.78)

(由一般疑问句演变而来的主语从句，应由whether引导)

(11)My parents love me dearly of course and will do all

they can∧make sure that I get a good education.

to(2001.78)

(此句中“all they can”为“all that they can do”的省略形式，“to make

sure that...”为动词不定式短语作目的状语)

(12)...，but we do not seem to get much time to talk

about together. about(2001.83)

(介词“about”后无宾语，此介词多余)

(13)It was about noon∧we arrived at the foot of the

mountain. when(2002.78)

(复合句的两个分句之间缺少连词)

4、赘述

高考英语改错题中的赘述是指在一些固定表达中或从上下文逻辑来看用了多余的词，从而使句子表达不合规范或造成逻辑上的重复。(注：带下划线的词为多余的词，即需删去的词)

(1)Today I visited the Smiths-my first time visit to an

American family. time(1996.86)

(2)In fact，they are planning to visit China in next

year. in(1996.95)

(3)First，let me tell you something more about myself.

more(1997.88)

(4)We practise for three times every week and often

watch football match on TV together. for(1998.87)

(5)Now I can't watch much television，but a few years ago

I was used to watch it every night.much(1999.86)

(6)Whenever I see them I will often think of my English

teacher. often(2000.85)

(7)I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my

head touched the pillow. at(2002.85)

5、固定结构(固定句型、固定短语、固定搭配)

所谓固定结构是指英语中一些不能随意更改的习惯表达。如固定短语中的词不能冗缺，固定搭配要前后一致等。

(1)It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway

station and drove me to their home. of(1996.88)

(2)I use to play ping -pong a lot in my sparetime，but...

used(1997.92)

(3)Some wanted to see the programme while others

preferred another. one(1999.91)

(4)...but the others spent a lot∧time arguing and ...

of(1999.93)

(5)When I was on the stage the next day，I felt so

nervous as I shook like a leaf. that(2000.80)

(6)Suddenly，I caught a sight of my English teacher in

the crowd. a(注：a为需删去的词)(2000.81)

(7)Like most of my schoolmates，I have neither brothers

nor sisters-in any other words，I am an only child.

any(any需为删去的词)(2001.77)

6、冠词

英语中冠词只有三个，从高考英语改错题的角度来看，只能从以下几个方向出题：1)不定冠词a和an互改；2)不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改；3)根据需要增删冠词。

(1)Today I visited the Smiths-my first visit to a

American family. an(1996.87)

(2)Each player must obey∧captain，who is the leader of

the team. the(1998.94)

(3)Suddenly，I caught a sight of my English teacher in

the crowd. a(注：a为需删去的词)(2000.81)

(4)We may be one family and live under a same

roof，but... the(2001.82)

(5)As everyone knows，it's∧famous mountain with all kinds

of plants and animals. a(2002.76)

7、代词

代词不仅要与其所指代对象一致，其运用还要符合上下文的语气及逻辑关系。

(1)The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.

their(1996.90)

(2)And they must not break the rules too often if we

want to win the game. we(1998.95)

(3)Now someone at home reads instead.

everyone/everybody(1999.95)

(4)The day before the speech contest∧English teacher

talked to me. my(2000.76)

(5)It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the

mountain.The three of them were very excited.

us(2002.79)

8、连词及与并置问题

连词连接的前后两部分是否合乎逻辑；并列连词所连接的前后两部分结构是否等同。这两点是解答与连词及其相关问题的高考英语改错题的关键所在。

(1)It was very kind of them to meet me at the station

and drove me to their home. drive(1996.89)

(2)Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and

strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team

spirit. gives(1998.90)

(3)She was smiling but nodding at me. and(2000.82)

(4)I remembered her words and clam down.

calmed(2000.83)

(5)It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a

guest. or(2001.84)

(6)The food was expensive and the service was good.

but(2002.80)

(7)As we climbed the mountain，we fed monkeys，visiting

temples and told stories. visited(2002.83)

9、易混淆的词或词组

易混淆的词既包括词意相同或相近的同义词、近义词，也包括外形相似、意义有别的词组。易混淆词或词组的辨析也是高考改错题中不容忽视的部分。

(1)...but now I am interesting in football.

interested(1997.93)

(2)We must keep in mind that we play for the team

instead∧ourselves. of(1998.92)

(3)Now I can't watch television，but a few years ago I

was used to watch it every night.

was(注：was为需删去的词)(1999.87)

(4)Unfortunately，there are too many people among my

family. in(1999.90)

(5)They did not want me to do any work at family；they

want me to... home(2001.80)

(6)Do they really understand their daughter？What things

are in other homes，I wonder. How(2001.85)

(7)Evening came down. down(注：down为需删去的词)(2002.83)

以上错误类型的划分不一定很科学，但至少能为考生解答高考英语改错题提供思考方法。一旦考生认清了高考英语改错题的特点、解题方法以及错误类型，解题时就不会盲目从事，而能做到有的放矢。

高考改错口诀

（一） 见到谓语找主语，主谓一致找状语

见到名词想多数，可不可数要记牢

见到平行看结构，形式功能要对称

见到代词找指代，指代通常不合理

小小of常抓的点，of前名词adj最高级

（二） 谓与非谓经常混, 谓语句中就一个

其余动词非谓语, 常见形式有三种

ving ved 和to do, 主宾通常ving

现在分词表主动, 过去分词表被动

目的要用不定式, 改错要想拿高分

语法口诀要记牢

（三） 规则是说谎 lie lied lied

不规则是躺 lie lay lain

躺过就下蛋 lay laid laid

下蛋不规则

英语短文改错的八个技巧

1． 先将全文通读一遍，弄清文章大意。

2． 判断对错不但要从本行、本句，还要纵观全文。

3． 多词处记住在该词上划斜线。

4． 缺词、错词处别忘了在原文中做记号。

5． 一般的情况下有一个肯定是对的，有一两个是填词或者删词，大多数是改词。

6． 留心逻辑的错误，尤其是动词、人称代词，肯定、否定等。

7． 遇到没把握的地方，千万不要顺便改动。

8． 注意考点分布的广泛性。如名词单复数的变化、代词、形容词等。另外动词时态容易出题，再就是逻辑方面

四、专项练习

01

In Feb. 2nd 1979, China’s Vice-premier 76．

Deng Xiaoping was at a visit to the U.S. 77．

He was in the space flight center near to Houston 78．

Texas. Sat in the pilot’s seat of a model of 79．

a space shuttle（航天飞机）,he was

asked to touch a button 80．

to make it landing on the earth from 81．

a height of 95,000 feet, that he did. From 82．

windows of the craft, he could see the earth 83．

coming up to meet him as a returned space pilot 84．

would see it. Millions of people in both China and

the US watch this on TV with delight. 85．

02

Some Americans judge success on the length 76．

of his vacations . The man who gets a month’s 77．

vacation each year consider himself more successful 78．

than the man gets two weeks . Many people want 79．

to be teachers because it is teachers who can 80．

get three-month vacation every year . Some college 81．

teachers who teach the three classes consider 82．

themselves less successful than that who teach 83．

only one or two , or none in all . In short , the less 84．

work Americans do , the less successful they 85．

consider themselves .

03

A man with two bad burned ears went to see 76．

his doctor. “What has happened on you?” asked the 77．

doctor. “Well, my wife is ironing while 78．

I was watching a ball game on TV. She put on the 79．

hot iron near the telephone then my phone 80．

rang. I answered the iron instead of the phone.” 81．

The doctor nodded. “But what had 82．

happened to other ear?” The man said, “Hardly had 83．

I hanged up, when the same person called up 84．

again.” The doctor can’t help laughing when he heard this. 85．

04

Dear classmates,

Now I’d like to tell you why I learn English. I often 56._____________

read English aloud and try learn something important by 57. ____________

hearts, which helps me remember it easily and form 58. ____________

the good habit of thinking in English. I listen to a lot and 59. ____________

talk with others in English. In this way, I was improved 60. ____________

my spoken English. I keep a diary in English every day but 61. ____________

my writhing English is becoming better and better. I also try 62. ____________

my best to master the necessary grammar. With this means, 63. ____________

I can express myself in English correct. That’s the way I 64. ____________

have been learning English. I hope it will be useful to you. 65. _____________

That’s all. Thank you.

05

Dear Li Ming

I have received your letter just now. Don’t worry about me. 86．____________

I’m getting on well with my research works in the lab. But 87．____________

to my surprise you say you will give up learn English. 88．____________

The reason is because you have not done well in it recently 89．____________

and you have lost interesting. I’m afraid I can’t agree with 90．____________

you. I know it is not easy to learn English, and English 91．____________

is widely used in the world today and it will be important 92．____________

tool in their future work. Besides, it is becoming more 93．____________

and more important in our daily life. If you study hard, and 94．____________

you will succeed. Do remember that where there is a will there 95．____________

is a way. I’m looking forward to hearing good news from you.

06

Dear Mary,

I have received your E-mail just now. Don’t worry about me. 76.

I’m getting on well with my research works in the lab. But 77.

to my surprise you say you will give up learn English. 78.

The reason is because you have not done well in it recently 79.

and you have lost interest. I’m afraid I couldn’t agree with 80.

you . I know it is not easy to learn English, and English 81.

is widely used in the world today and it will be important 82.

tool in their future work. Besides, it is becoming more 83.

and more important in our daily life. If you study hard, and 84.

you will succeed. Do remember that where there is a will there 85.

is a way. I’ m looking forward to hearing good news from you. 86.

07

A boy who was cleaning the shoes in the street said to 76．

a young man passed by , “Let me clean your boots . It’ll 77．

spend you only a penny .” But the young man refused. Then 78．

the boy told him that he will clean his boots for nothing . 79．

The young man agreed , and soon a boot shining brightly . 80．

Then he put the other boot on the box , and the boy refused 81．

to clean it unless he was paid two pence for his work . The 82．

young man refused to pay for anything and went away . But 83．

the well-cleaning boot made the dirty one so bad that he 84．

couldn't walk on . He returned back and gave the boy two pence . 85．

08

I still remember my middle school life in Tianjin yet. 76.

I was then in a school for Students from Tibet. As we were all left 77.

Home at early age, we met lots of problems in our daily life .We had to do the 78.

Washing, cleaning and shopping by us. 79.

However, we seldom felt lonely or helplessly. We enjoyed our happy life 80.

At weekends, we would play basketball,

swimming in the pool or go for a picnic. 81.

We were living in a big family. We treat each other as brothers and sisters. 82.

If any one of us had any difficulty in 83.

Our life and study, the other would help him out. 84.

It has been five years when we graduated, 85.

but those memories are as sweet as ever before

09

While visiting France, we decide to do some shopping. 76.

Not far the hotel there was a shop with all kinds 77.

of clothing hang up. When we went into the shop, 78.

a woman came up and asked that she could help us, 79.

so we said that we would like to look around on our 80.

own. She looked at us rather strange. Not having 81.

found anything we needed, we thanked the woman 82.

and was left. Suddenly my husband started to laugh, 83.

pointing to the small sign in English, which read: 84.

“DRY-CLEANING SHOP. As you are a smoker, please 85.

don't smoke here.”

10

Dear Elli，

I'm a senior student．I like make friends with 76．____

people and I do my best to get on well to everyone． 77．____

But last week I found that one of my friend 78．____

wrote in her English diary that she unliked me． 79．____

She doesn't want to be my friend anyway．Now 80．____

she has started making fun of me because of I'm 81．____

fat．I am kind to her but why can't she be friend 82．____

towards me？My other problem is trying to lose weight． 83．____

Do I do more exercises？Use pills？And do you 84．____

know any other way？Please give me some advices． 85．____

11

I got to the stadium early so as to find my seat easy . 76.

The performance begin at 7:30 p. m., when all 77.

the seats were taken. We, the audience, were so excited by 78.

the special sound of heavy metal which we couldn’t 79.

help crying and jump. Suddenly I heard the sharp sound 80.

of an Ambulance and saw a young man taken out of a stadium. 81.

He must have injured in the excitement, but this didn’t stop 82.

the concert. It was still went on smoothly. When the 83.

performance was over, the singer thanked us to our 84.

enthusiasm(热情)and support .We kept cheering for him

some time. To tell truth , I’m really crazy about the 85.

heavy metal music. I’m sure I’ll be a fan of this popular type of music.

12

It was fine yesterday. The sun was shining in the

sky. I went boating by myself. I didn’t take many 76．

friends with me because I wanted to row alone. 77．

I hired a boat and rowed slowly to the center of lake. 78．

A fresh breeze was blowing, fish was swimming and birds 79．

were singing. When I reached the center, I took up the 80．

paddles（桨）and lie down in the boat. With the blue sky 81．

over me or green water around me I was extremely 82．

relaxed. Over about two hours passed in this way before I 83．

knew them. I came back home very late. I didn’t feel 84．

tiring at all, for I had really had a good time. 85．

13

Rowena and Billy Wrangler are model high school

students. They study hard. They do extreme well on 76. _______

achievement tests. And next year, Rowena will attending 77. _______

Harvard University. Billy, her younger brother, hope to go 78. _______

to Cornell. That makes Rowena and Billy different from 79. _______

most students is that they don’t go to school. In fact, 80. _______

they’ve never been to school. Since a kindergarten, they 81. _______

have studied at home. Neither Rowena or Billy feels as if 82. _______

they have missed out on nothing by being taught at home. 83. _______

As many of the more than one million people who receive 84. _______

home schooling in the United States, they feel if they 85. _______

have gotten a good education.

14

Mr Smith had neither wife nor children. He liked nothing but 76.________

drinking. He almost spent all of his money drinks. Sometimes he 77.________

was hungry but had to borrow some money to buy a little food. 78.________

One evening he met a friend of him in the street. The man 79.________

asked him to have dinner in a restaurant. He was very happy 80.________

that he drank too much. His friend stopped a taxi and ask 81.________

the driver to take him home. Soon they reached in the door of 82.________

his house. The taxi went away. But he couldn’t put the key into 83.________

the keyhole. Just then a policeman went up, offering to help him 84.________

but he refused. “The house is circled now. If you can stop it 85.________

moving, I can open the door myself,” he said.

15

I often read English aloud and trying to learn something 76. _______

important in heart. It helps me remember what I have learned 77. _______

and form good habit of thinking in English. I listen78. _______

a lot and communicate with the others in English. 79. _______

In this way, I improved both my listening ability and my80. _______

speaking English. I keep a diary in English every 81. _______

day and my written English is becoming better and 82. _______

better. I also try my best master the necessary grammar 83. _______

knowledge. By this means, I can express me 84. _______

correctly. That' s why I have been learning English. 85. _______

16

January 18, Monday Snow

Today was the first day of the winter 76. ________

holiday. I lay on the bed think of the things 77. ________

I could do them. I would spend two weeks 78. ________

doing my homework and had a chance to 79. ________

study some subject I loved. When I felt tired, 80. ________

I would drop in on my friends. And when I 81. ________

realized I had a lot of homework do for the 82. ________

holiday, I am very disappointed. I would 83. ________

never be able to finish before the new term. 84. ________

Oh, my God! How can I real enjoy my holiday? 85. ________

17

Dear Bob,

I must say that I do agree with you. Though you find 76

something, but it doesn't mean it belongs to you. If you 77.

can find who it belongs to, you should try to return back 78.

it. I'm sure you would want someone to do same for 79.

you. Once I found a beautiful picture. I wanted to keep 80.

It. Then I remembered see one just like it in an office. 81.

I went to the office and found the person to who it 82.

belonged. The lady was very happy to get back and 83.

gave me delicious apples. So you see, Bob, I get two 84.

rewards: one I could eat and another I could keep in 85.

my heart.

18

Dear friends,

Thank you so much for inviting me to stay with 76．

you while I am in the UK. I will always remember 77．

your kindness. It was great for me to final use 78．

English in the “realworld”. I was also glad for that 79．

I could experience a different climate, so I was 80．

really unprepared for cold of the English winter! 81．

If I had to do all again, I would certainly try to 82．

find out as many as I could about the weather of 83．

a country after going to study there next time! 84．

Thanks again for everything. I do have a great time. 85．

Kind regards,

19

Dear Abby:

How are you? I’ve got a wonderful news to tell you 76. ________

I have offered a scholarship at a university in Australia for my 77. ________

further education. One hundred and twenty students took exam 78. ________

for it, but only a few were chosen and I was one of them. Therefore,79. ________

my parents are not happy about it. They are strong against my 80. ________

going there. They say it is too far away that they will not see me 81. ________

for a whole year and they are afraid of I will feel lonely. They 82. ________

can’t imagine a girl so young live alone. They advise me to study 83. ________

in the capital instead. Then I’ll be able to continue living with them.84. ________

How can I persuade them to accept the fact I have grown up? 85. ________

20

Dear Kang Li,

I haven’t heard you for a long time. How 76._______

are you? I had just finished the exams. Now I’m 77._______

glad I have time to write for you. Our teacher 78._______

tells us that China is a big country has the 79._______

most population in the world. It’s on the other 80._______

side of the world. Now the sun is shining bright 81._______

here and perhaps you’re sleeping in the dark 82._______

night . I wish to know anything more about the 83._______

Chinese way of living. I wonder at if you can 84._______

tell me about it in next letter. Please write soon. 85._______

21

When I found out that my train would three hours 76.________

late, I changed my idea and would get a bus instead. 77.________

I was about to rush out of the train station while a 78.________

well-dressed old man took me by my arm, “Young 79.________

lady,” said the gentleman, “Shouldn't you find out 80.________

the bus schedule (时刻表) before you rush out catch the 81.________

bus?” I stared at him with my mouth opened. How did 82.________

he read my mind? Before I can say a word, he added, 83.________

“You see, my train is also running late. A same idea 84.________

came to me. But I think a good conversation that can 85.________

help pass the time. Before you know it, your train will be there.”

22

The former White House cook stopped working last April. He cooked

in traditional French way. His food tasted well, but contained a 76. ________

lot of fat. Doctors say this is not healthier. Welter Scheib. 77. ________

the new chief cook, will have a medical doctor as adviser. 78. ________

Dr Dean Ornish is a heart specialist and writer. He says foods 79. ________

can be low in fat and still delicious. The President’s wife 80. ________

Hillary Clinton chose Mr Scheib after tasted his cooking. She 81. ________

wanted fewer fat in the food she ate in the White house. 82. ________

She wanted to eat more fresh vegetables, and including vegetable 83. ________

pies without the use of chemical. The First Lady would also 84. ________

like the White House to serve more America food. 85. ________

23

Scientists hope that if we can discover that the 76.

brain works, we will be able to put them to better use. 77.

For example, how do we learn language? Man 78.

differ from all the other animals in his ability 79.

to learn and use language, but we still do know 80.

exactly how this is done. Some children study to 81.

speak and read quickly than others. But scientists 82.

are not sure of why this happens. They are trying 83.

to find out whether there is anything

to do with the way by which 84.

we teach children's language. 85.

24

Good health is the person's most valuable possession. 76.

Today, it is much easier to be healthy than it was the 77.

past. Modern people know more than health, 78.

have better food, and live in clean surroundings. 79.

Also, scientists and doctors had learned how to deal with 80.

many diseases. Most people can quickly get for help 81.

from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill. As a 82.

result, people in the modem world generally live longer 83.

than people used to. People in developing countries can 84.

expect to live for twice as long as people lived a few 85.

hundred years ago.

25

One evening, I was returning alone the place where I 76. ______

lived, while I found a man-eating tiger, which was 77. ______

getting on ready to jump on me. What could I do then? 78. ______

Should I jump into the river and hope to save my living 79. ______

by swimming? I looked to right. In the river there was 80. ______

a big crocodile waited to welcome me with its mouth wide 81. ______

open. I was so frightening that I shut my eyes. 82. ______

I heard branches moving as the tiger jumped. I opened my 83. ______

eyes. What do you think had been happened? The tiger 84. ______

had jumped right over me or was now in the jaws of the crocodile! 85. ______

26

The village was always very quiet. The people lived there 76. ________

were busy working in their fields during the day, and 77. ________

went to bed early at night, tiring after a long day's hard 78. ________

work. All of them had lived in a village all their 79. ________

lives and have never left for more than one day at a time. 80. ________

During these days they left, they got up early in the morning. 81. ________

They filled their carts with fruits and vegetables and sheeps 82. ________

and went on the market in the town beyond their valley.83. ________

They came back in the evening and with some money and perhaps 84. ________

a present for their children. That was life--hard yet 85. ________

simple, but not unhappy.

27

It would be difficult to imagine modern life with 76.__________

The telephone. It has become an useful instrument 77.__________

Of communication, save much time and travel by enabling 78.__________

People to talk to one another over great distances. 79.__________

Nowadays it is just about as easy to talk cross a 80.__________

Continent, or even overseas, it is to talk to one’s 81.__________

Nextdoor neighbor. However, it is emergencies that 82.__________

Telephone really proves its useful. When there is 83.__________

A fire, and when someone is suddenly taken ill, the 84.__________

First thing one thinks of it is “where is the nearest phone?” 85.__________

28

How much times do you spend with your parents? 76．

When did you last tell them what is on your mind? 77．

Your parents are your dearest people in the world 78．

when you are young. And they always care of you 79．

deep. But even though many children still love 80．

their mum and dad ,families may become more close 81．

as you get older .The end of the year is a time for families 82．

to get together .Have you ever thought what you can 83．

show your parents that you love them ?Find chance 84．

and do something for them or to have a sincere talk with 85． them. If you can do this ,your parents will be very happy.

29

At the first time in my life I was interviewed 76.

by an university professor for a teaching position at 77.

a high school. I was very excited that as soon as we sat 78.

down then I started to introduce myself in English 79.

before I asked to. But to my puzzlement, I saw, out of 80.

the corner of his eye, that the professor was becoming 81.

impatient. He said my spoken English had contained 82.

too many bad idioms and non-American expression. 83.

I felt hurt and discourage. I stood up in silence and 84.

made for the door. Three years have passed but the job 85.

interview still remains fresh in my mind.

30

Since you are very interested in Beijing Opera , I had managed 76．

to get for you a ticket for tonight’s performance . It’s worth 77．

watching because it is performed by several famous player . 78．

The performance is in Lu Xun Theater . I came to give you a ticket , 79．

but you happened to out . I have to leave you a note . To get to the 80．

theatre , we can take the bus just in front of the school gate 81．

and get off at the second bus-stop . If you want to walk to there , 82．

just go westward along Beijing Road , and turn to the right 83．

while you reach Friendship Road . You will see Lu Xun Theatre 84．

on the right . It won’t spend you long . You can’t miss it . 85．

答案:

01

76. In-On 77. at-on 78.删去to 79. Sat-Sitting/Seated 80. ∨ 81. landing-land 82. that-which 83. windows前加the 84. returned-returning 85.watch-watched

02

76．on-by 77．his-their 78．consider-considers 79．the man-the man who 80．√81．get-get a 82．删去the 83．that-those 84．in- at 85．less-more

03

76. bad-badly 77. on-to 78. is-was 79. 删去on 80. then-when 81. √ 82. had-has 83. to后加the 84. hanged-hung 85. can’t-couldn’t

04

56. why- how 57.try后加to 58.hearts－heart 59.去掉to 60.was－have 61.but－and

62.writing－written 63.With－By 64.correct－correctly 65.正确

05

86. 删去have 87. works-work 88. learn-learning 89. because-that 90.interesting-interest 91. and-but 92. be后加an 93. their-your 94. 删去and 95. √

06

1.a city-the city 2.去掉being 3.before-after 4.names-name

5.that--where 6. In-After 7.explain---explain to 8.however-but/yet

9.that-what 10.∨

07

76．去掉第一个the 77．passed 改passing 78．spend 改cost

79．will 改would 80．boot 后加was 或shining 改shone 81．and 改but 82．正确 83．去掉for 84．well-cleaning 改well-cleaned 85．returned 改turned 或去掉back

08

76．去掉yet 77．去掉were 78．At early age - at an early age 79．us - ourselves

80．helplessly - helpless 81．Swimming - swim 82．treat - treated 83．正确

84．other - others 85．when - since

09

76．decide→decided 77．the前加from 78．hang→hanging 79．that→if/ whether

80．so→but 81．strange→strangely 82．√ 83．去掉was 84．the→a 85．As→If

10

76．make→making 77．第二个to→ with78．friend→friends 79．unliked→disliked 80．anyway→anymore 81．去掉第二个of 82．friend→friendly 83．√84．And→Or 85．advices→advice

11

76. easy – easily 77. begin–began 78. √ 79. which–that 80. jump – jumping

81. a – the 82. have∧been 83.was 84. to – for 85. tell ∧the

12

76．many→any; 77．row→be; 78．of^lake→the; 79．第二个was→were; 81．√；

81．lie→lay; 82．or→and 83．去掉about; 84．them→it; 85．tiring→tired.

13

76. extreme－extremely 77. will －will be / attending－attend 78. hope －hopes

79. That－What 80. right 81. a kindergarten－kindergarten 82. or－nor 83. nothing－anything 84. As－Like 85. if－as if

14

76. wife→a wife 77. money ∧ →on 78. but→and 79. him→his 80. very→so

81. ask→asked 82.in（删去） 83.√ 84.went→came 85.circled→circling

15

76. trying→try或去掉and 77. in→by 78.form后加the/a 79. 去掉the

80. I后加have 81. speaking→spoken 82.√ 83. best后加to

84. me→myself 85. why→how

16

76.√ 77. think→thinking 78.去掉 them 79. had→have 80. subject→subjects

81.And→But 82. do→to do 83.am→was 84. finish→finish it 85.real→really

17

76．do-don’t或者agree---disagree 77．去掉but 78．去掉back 79．d0八same，the 80．√ 81．see一seeing 82．Who-whom 83．get八back，it 84．get-got 85．a．．Another-one

18

76．√ 77．am→was 78．final→finally 79．去掉for 80．so→although 81．for∧cold, the 82．do∧all, it 83．many→much 84．after→before 85．do→did

19

76.a wonderful news→wonderful news 77.have offered→have been offered

78.exam→exams 或在exam 前加 the 79.Therefore→However

80.strong→strongly 81 .too→so 82.afraid of→afraid(that) 83.live→living

84.√ 85.fact→fact that

20

76. heard后加 from 77. had---have 78. for---to 79. has前加that 或which

80. most---largest 81. bright---brightly 82. and---but 83. anything---something

84. 去掉at 85. √

21

76. would后加 be 77. get→ take 78. while → when 79. my→ the 80. √

81. catch前加 to 82. opened →open 83. can→could 84. A→The 85. 去掉 that

22

76. well 改为good 77. healthier 改为healthy 78. adviser 前加an 79.√ 80. and 改为but 81. tasted 改为tasting 82. fewer 改为less 83. and 去掉 84. chemical 改为chemicals 85. America 改为American

23

76. 第二个that→how 77. them→it 78. √ 79. differ→differs 80. do ∧→∧not 81. study→learn 82. read ∧→∧ more 83. → of 84. by→in 85. children's→children

24

76．the→a 77．was∧→∧in 78．√ 79．clean→cleaner 80．had→have 81．去掉for 82．since→when 83．去掉the 84．developing→developed 85．去掉for

25

76. alone－alone to 77. while－when 78. getting on－getting 79. living－life

80. right－the right 81. waited－waiting 82. frightening－frightened 83. no error

84. had been－had 85. or－and

26

76.people 后加 who lived→living 77. √ 78.tiring→tired 79.a→the

80.have→had 81 .days后加when 82.sheeps→sheep 83.on→to

84. 第一个 and去掉 85.yet→and

27

76.with---without 77.an-a 78.save-saving 79.正确 80.cross-across

81.it前加as 82. is后加in 83.useful-useless 84. and---or 85.it去掉

28

76.times-time 77.is-was 78. √ 79.of-for 80. deep-deeply 81.more-less 82.you-they 83. what-how 84.find后加the 85.删去to

29

76、At→For 77、an→a 78、very→so 79、去掉then 80、asked前加had 81、his→my 82、去掉had 83、expression→expressions 84、discourage→discouraged 85、√

30

76.had-have 77.删去for 78.player-players 79.a-the 80.to后加be 81.we-you 82.删去to 83. √ 84. while-when 85.spend-take

篇6：英语高考复习讲与练（12）名词性从句

一、考点聚焦

1、名词性从句中连接词的运用

名词性从句中的连接词有连词that / whether / as if，连接代词what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever，连接副词where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever。

（1）that的用法。

①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如：

That they are good at English is known to us all.

The problem is that we don’t have enough money.

She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day.

②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：（A）当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；（B）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；（C）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：

He judged that,because he was a child, he did not understand

wine

Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.

The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.

③that从句作主语和宾语时，可以用it 来替换成以下几种结构表达。

(A)It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that… （B）It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that ...（C）It is said/reported/ believed/known/thought/suggested that … （D）It seems/happens that。如：

It happened that I went out last night.

It is said that China will win in the World Cup.

④that和what的区别。

that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不以当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词 + 关系代词即常说的先行词 + that。如：

It’s shame that he has made such a mistake. Do what he says.

⑤同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。

同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语，宾语与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连词that而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。如：

They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位语从句)

The hope she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.（定语从句）

（2）whether和if的用法。

①whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如：

It all depends on whether they will come back.

②后面直接跟or not 时用whether。如：

I didn’t know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.

③主语从句表语从句中只能用whether。如：

Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.

The question is whether they have so much money.

④whether可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if不能。如：

We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do

it or not.

⑤whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。如：

The question of whether they are male or female is not impor-

tant.

I have not decided whether to go or not.

⑥间接引语位于句首时或者是间接引语提前时用whether不用if。如：

Thank you, but whether I’ll be free I’m not sure at the moment.

⑦whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”，而if不能。如：

Whether he comes or not, we will begin our party on time.

（3）疑问词 + ever和no matter + 疑问词的区别。

①疑问词 + ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如：

Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.

You can choose whatever you like in the shop.

②疑问词 + ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：

Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished,

Whatever you do, you must do it well.

③no matter + 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如：

No matter what you do, you must do it well.

No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.

（4）when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。

when 和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when和where引导的是定语从句，否则则为同位语从句。如：

They put forward the question where they could get the money.

This is the place where the accident happened.

2、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致

（1）宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致，但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。如：

Hello,I didn’t know you were in London. How long have you been here?

The teacher told us that light travels at a very high speed.

（2）主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如：

When the meeting will begin has not been decided yet.

When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet.

When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided.

3、名词性从句的词序

名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如：

He asked me what was the matter with me.

We’ve heard the news that we’ll move into the new house.

Whatever you say will interest us all.

二、精典名题导解

选择填空

1. A computer can only do ________ you have instructed it to do.(NMET 2001)

A.how B.after C.what D.when

解析：答案为C。本题考查的是名词性从句作宾语的用法。此句的引导词既作连词又在宾语从句中充当一成分，故what最合适。

2. -I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week..

-Is that _________ you had a few days off ? (NMET 99)

A.why B.when C.what D.where

解析：答案为A。此题考查的是从句的用法。根据题意“我上周开车去珠海看航空展去了。”下面一句接着问：“那就是你为什么离开的原因吗？”故用why引导表语从句表示原因。

3. I hate __________ when peope talk with their mouths full.(NMET 98)

A.it B.that C.these D.them

解析：答案为A。本题考查的是形式宾语的用法。题意为“我讨厌人们谈话时嘴里塞满东西”。该空白处没有任何含义，而且已经用了when连接该宾语从句，所以此处只填一个形式宾语it。

名词性从句

l．_ the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing makes the nation very excited．

A．Whenever B．If C．Whether D．That

2．The headmaster made a suggestion that the sports meet until next Sunday．

A．Will be put off B．will put off C．put off D．be put off

3． is a fact that English people and American people share a lot of customs．

A．There B．This C．That D．that

4．Dr Black comes from either 0xford of Cambridge,I can’t remember ．

A．where B．there C．which D．that

5． he said at the meeting astonished everybody present．

A．What B．That C．The fact D．The matter

6．I remember this used to be a quiet village．

A．when B．how C．where D．what

7．Can you tell me the railway station?

A．how I can get to B．how can I get to

C．where I can get to D．where can I get to

8．We all took for granted that he would agree with us．

A．it B．him C．that D．what

9．It worried her a bit her hair was turning grey．

A．while B．that C．if D．for

10． leaves the room last ought to turn off the 1ights．

A．Anyone B．The person C．Whoever D．Who

11． they are most interested in is they can produce more and better cars．

A．That；how B．What；how C．What；that D．That；that

12．The reason she gave for not being present was the heavy snow prevented her coming．

A．why；because B．why；whether C．that；that D．how；that

l3． I have will be yours sooner or later．

A．No matter what B．No matter how C．Whatever D．However

14．Word came I was wanted at the office．

A．which B．why C．that D．whether

15．The town is no longer it was ten years ago．

A．which B．that C．what D．when

16．It is generally considered unwise to give a child be or she wants．

A．however B．whatever C．whichever D．whenever

17．Please tell me you would like to have your coffee-black or white?

A．what B．where C．when D．how

18．-Do you remember be came?

-Yes，I do．He came by car．

A．how B．when C．that D．if

l9． we can’t get seems better that we have．

A．What；what B．What：that C．That；that D．That：what

20．-I drove to Zhuhai for the Air Show last week．

-Is that you had a few days off?

A．why B．when C．what D．where

21．You can take measures you think good to deal with the problems．

A．whatever B．however C．whichever D．those

22．- has made our city Dalian she is taday?

-It is the Party’s policy that has made it take on a new look．

A．What；that B．That；what C．there；so D．That；that

23．It was at the very beginning Mr White made

the decision we should send more firefighters there．

A．that：that B．when；which C．there；what D．where；what

24．It was he worked out the maths problem that we wanted to know．

A．what B．how C．that D．which

25．There will be a special price for buys things in large numbers here．

A．who B．whom C．whoever D．whomever

26．-I rang you about ten，but there was no reply．

-0h，that was probably I was seeing the doctor．

A．when B．why C．what D．that

27．Maria has to baby-sit．That’s she can’t come out with us．

A．how B．why C ．when D．what

28． surprised me most was they had finished the work so quickly．

A．What：what B．That；that C．What：that D．That；what

29．You can’t imagine when they received these nice Christmas presents．

A．how they were excited B．how excited they were

C．how excited were they D．they were how excited

名词性从句

1-5 DDDCA 6-10 CAABC 11-15 BCCCC 16-20 BDAAA 21-25 ACABC 26-29 ABCB

英语高考复习讲与练（12）名词性从句

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