下面是小编为大家整理的托福阅读高效备考细节,本文共7篇,以供大家参考借鉴!本文原稿由网友“江湖骗子收容所”提供。
篇1:托福阅读高效备考细节
其实,当大家备考了一段时间后,你就会发现多数文章都是可以在文章标题中找到关键点的。但是只有把如此的关键点当成阅读全文指引,才能带来最大的收益。作为托福阅读的一种技巧,必须在清晰明了的审题后,再进入阅读。如果是为了形式化的“审题”,那对于全文阅读的效率依然是没有任何帮助的。
托福阅读背景之“外星人解密文件”
The CIA has released thousands of declassified documents on flying saucers, aliens and other unexplained phenomena.
美国中央情报局(CIA)日前公布了数千份有关飞碟、外星人及其他未解之谜的解密文件。
'We've decided to highlight a few documents both skeptics and believers will find interesting,' the agency said on its website.
中央情报局在官网上发表声明说:‘我们决定公开几份文件,它们将会引起怀疑者和信奉者的兴趣。’
The post continued: 'Below you will find five documents we think X-Files character Agent Fox Mulder would love to use to try and persuade others of the existence of extraterrestrial activity.'
声明称:“我们相信,接下来的五份文件会连《X档案》中的特别探员穆德也想要加以利用,试图说服他人外星活动真实存在。”
All of the documents are dated from the late 1940s to the 1960s, but were top-secret until now.
这些文件可追溯到20世纪40年代末到60年代,在此之前它们一直都是绝密文件。
One of the files attached to the post is a document from East Germany in 1952, where agents were called to investigate what witnesses described as a 'huge flying pan'.
在公布的文件中,有一份来自1952年的东德,文件记录了特工人员对目击者描述的“巨型飞盘”的调查。
The object was said to have a diameter of about 15 meters, according to the document.
据这份文件记载,该物体直径约为15米。
Similar flying saucers were also spotted in North Africa and Spain, the report said.
报告称,在北非和西班牙也发现了类似的飞碟。
'The picture [of the object] shows a diagonal stripe of diminishing width and lighter in shade than the sky over the dark bulk of a building cornice,' it was noted.
文件还记载道:“从照片来看,该物体表面呈宽度递减的斜条纹,它比飞檐上方的天空颜色更浅。”
Included with some of the documents were three pictures of the alleged extraterrestrials.
在部分文件中还附有所谓的外星生物的三张照片。
One of the photos - taken by British student Alex Birch in 1962 - claimed to show a group of flying saucers flying over the city of Sheffield in the UK.
其中一张照片是由英国学生亚历克斯·伯奇于1962年拍摄。这张照片展示了一群飞碟飞过英国谢菲尔德市的上空。
However the photo was proven to be a hoax.
然而,这张照片后来被证实是一场骗局。
The files also detail a case of flying saucers that were spotted over what was formerly Belgian Congo.
这些档案还对在比属刚果(刚果旧称)发现的飞碟事件进行了详细的记载。
The document reveals that two 'fiery discs' were seen over a uranium mine, and that the discs had 'glided curves and changed position many times'.
据文件披露,在铀矿上空发现了两个“火盘”,它们沿曲线轨迹滑翔,并多次变换位置。
It then adds: 'Suddenly, both discs hovered in one spot and then took off in a unique zigzag flight to the north east.
文件中写道:“突然,两个飞碟在一个地方盘旋,随即又沿独特的之字形轨迹向东北方飞去。
'A penetrating hissing and buzzing sound was audible to onlooker below. The whole performance lasted 10 to 12 minutes.'
“目击者听到一阵尖利的嘶嘶声和嗡嗡声。飞碟从出现到消失持续了10到12分钟。”
An aircraft was then set to investigate the object, and got with meters of the saucer and according to the pilot, the inner core of it remained totally still while the a knob opening could be seen from the outside.
一架飞机随后被派来侦查该物体,并飞到距飞碟几米远处。据飞行员说,飞碟内核区完全静止不动,从外部可以看到一个球形突出物。
The pilot then gave up his pursuit when the 'disc' appeared to disappear.
当“飞碟”消失后,飞行员也停止了他的追踪。
Also contained in the files is the case in Socorro, New Mexico in 1964, when police officer Lonnie Zamoraspotted a large flame rise from the ground and pierce the sky above a remote patch of desert.
这些档案中也包含了1964年发生在新墨西哥州索科罗的案例。当时警察朗尼·萨莫拉发现沙漠远处一团巨大火焰腾空而起,划破天空。
He went to investigate and found a shiny object the size of a sedan perched on the hilltop, which was oval in shape and aluminium in color.
他走过去想一探究竟,发现在山顶处有一个轿车大小的发光物体,椭圆状,呈金属铝的颜色。
The object then began to rise into the air and then sped away from him over the mountains and disappeared.
随即,该物体开始升上天,快速越过山头,然后从他眼前消失了。
The release of the documents coincide with the long-awaited return of The X-Files on Sunday.
这些文件的公开恰逢影迷期待已久的《X档案》在周日回归。
The beloved show was rebooted by the Fox Network after 10 years, with its two original stars reprising their roles.
这场深得观众喜爱的科幻剧时隔十年之后,由福克斯电视网续拍。原来的两大主演也将回归。
Vocabulary
reboot: 重新启动
reprise: 重演
托福阅读背景之外星人来地球度假
Government officials believe aliens may visit Earth and suggest harnessing UFO technology for UK defences, files say.
Documents from the Ministry of Defence classified archives show staff believed aliens could visit for “military reconnaissance”, “scientific” research or “tourism”.
In a 1995 briefing now published by the National Archives, a desk officer said the purpose of reported alien craft sightings “needs to be established as a matter of priority”, adding there did not appear to be “hostile intent”.
The unnamed official said it was “essential that we start with open minds”, explaining “what is scientific ‘fact’ today may not be true tomorrow”.
Clarifying he did not “talk to little green men every night”, he said: “We have a remit that we have never satisfied. That is, we do not now (sic) if UFOs exist.
“If they do exist, we do not know what they are, their purpose or if they pose a threat to the UK.
“If the sightings are of devices not of the earth then their purpose needs to be established as a matter of priority. There has been no apparent hostile intent and other possibilities are: 1) Military reconnaissance; 2) Scientific; 3) Tourism.”
He added that “if reports are taken at face value” they showed extraterrestrial vehicles had “a very wide range of speeds and are stealthy”.
Thus, he suggested, “we could use this technology, if it exists”.
His briefing document lists possible reasons for UFO sightings, including mass hallucinations, US aircraft, “atmospheric events” and hoaxes, but indicated none provide a fully convincing explanation.
It adds there are “some indications that the reported incidents are only the tip of an iceberg and many people do not wish to risk embarrassment and so do not report sightings”.
He also noted that the number of reports of “strange objects in the skies” increased dramatically after the Second World War, with most sightings coming from “farmers, policemen, doctors and lovers”.
在英政府公布的一批有关UFO的机密文档中,英政府官员称外星人可能造访地球,并提议利用外星人高超的飞行器技术为英国国防服务。
国防部机密档案的文件显示,有官员认为外星人造访地球可能是为了进行军事侦察,科学研究,或者度假观光。
在国家档案馆公布的一份1995年的简报中,一名事务员称应首先确认报告中的外星人乘飞行器到地球的目的,并称他们看起来并无“敌意”。
这位匿名官员还说:“重要的是,我们要有开放的思想,”并解释道“今天的科学‘事实’,到了明天可能并不正确。”
他澄清他从未“夜夜与小绿人谈话。”他说:“有一项工作我们一直没能实现。那就是,我们不知道UFO是否存在。”
“如果他们确实存在,我们也并不知道他们是什么物种,有什么目的,或是否会对英国造成威胁。”
“如果这些目击事件所观测到的装置不是地球上的,那么应首先确认这些外来者的目的。目前并未发现他们有明显的敌意,其他的可能目的有:1)军事侦察;2)科学研究;3)度假观光。”
他还说“若从表面上来看报告的内容”,外星人使用的交通工具速度奇快,而且应该具有隐形功能。
因此,他提议:“如果这种交通工具存在,我们可以利用它的技术。”
他在简报文件中列出了出现UFO目击事件的几种可能,其中包括集体幻觉,可能看到的是美国飞行器,可能是某种大气现象,甚至可能是恶作剧,但都没有做出能够完全令人信服的解释。
报告中还“暗示报告上来的UFO目击事件只是冰山一角,因为怕尴尬等原因,许多人并没有对政府报告自己的‘发现’。”
他还指出,在二战之后,报告“天空中出现奇异物体”的事件出现了迅猛增长,大部分报告者为“农民、警察、医生以及情侣”。
托福阅读背景之“俄政客自称遇见外星人”
A Russian MP has asked an eccentric regional leader to explain his behaviour after claiming on state television that he was visited at home by aliens in a UFO, media reported Thursday.
Kirsan Ilyumzhinov, head of the Buddhist Kalmykia region of southern Russia and president of the World Chess Federation (FIDE), announced without apparent irony on a high-profile chat show he had met the aliens in .
In an equally bizarre twist, Andrei Lebedev, an MP for the nationalist Liberal Democratic Party, has now written to President Dmitry Medvedev raising fears that secret information could have been disclosed in the close encounter.
“I ask you to say if the head of Kalmykia has made an official report to the Russian presidency about his contacts with representatives of an alien civilisation,” he said, quoted by tabloid Komsomolskaya Pravda and other media.
“Is there an established procedure of informing about such contacts by high ranking people who have access to secret information like Ilyumzhinov?
”And did he in the course of his seemingly innocent conversation disclose secret information?“
Ilyumzhinov had said in his comments, broadcast in late April, that the aliens appeared in a transparent tube on the balcony of his apartment in Moscow.
”I was reading my book, watching television and had almost fallen asleep. Then I felt that someone was calling.
“I would not have believed it, if I had not had three witnesses -- my driver, my minister and my aide,” he said.
This is not the first time the chess-mad leader has spoken of extraterrestrial encounters. He had earlier claimed to have been shown round a UFO in
据媒体本周四报道,俄罗斯一名地区领导人日前在接受当地一个电视台的采访时语出惊人,宣称自己曾在家中遇见搭乘不明飞行物的外星人。一名杜马议员要求他对他的这一行为做出解释。
俄罗斯南部信奉佛教的卡尔梅克共和国领袖、国际象棋协会主席基尔桑·伊柳姆日诺夫日前在一档高端人物谈话节目中严肃宣称,他曾在见过外星人。
同样不可思议的是,俄罗斯民族主义政党自由民主党成员、国家杜马议员安德烈•莱比德夫竟致信总统德米特里•梅德韦杰夫,称外星人可能在与伊柳姆日诺夫“亲密接触”时窃取了俄罗斯国家机密。
俄罗斯小报《共青团真理报》和其它媒体援引莱比德夫的话说:“我想知道这位卡尔梅克共和国领导人是否已向俄罗斯总统正式汇报了与外星人接触一事。”
“像伊柳姆日诺夫这样有机会接触到国家机密的高级官员,是否有一个既定的程序来汇报此类事件?”
“在他与外星人貌似很普通的交谈中是否泄露了国家机密?”
伊柳姆日诺夫在上月末的一档电视节目中称,他曾看到外星人搭乘一艘透明的太空船降落在他位于莫斯科公寓的阳台上。
“当时我正一边看书一边看电视,几乎快要睡着,突然觉得有人在叫我。”
他说:“要不是有司机、政府部长和助理三个目击证人,我自己都不敢相信。”
这位国际象棋界领导人已经不是第一次宣称自己遇见外星人。他曾称自己在参观过一个不明飞行物。
篇2:托福阅读备考要注意细节
托福阅读备考要注意细节 这4个常被忽视的问题别漏掉
托福阅读备考请提前准备词汇
如果基础一般的同学,想要参加托福考试 ,最好提前3-4个月准备起来。一本好的词汇书是必不可少的。其实背哪一本词汇书不是重点所在,重要的是能够持之以恒,每天对所背的词汇进行复习和总结。因为你在做词汇题时如果能遇到你熟悉的词,可以节省你会到文章中去看上下文猜词的时间。虽然不能保证背到就一定能考到,但是单词可以帮助你更好的理解文章。曾经有一名语言专家这样说过:“Without grammar, little can be conveyed and without vocabulary, nothing can be conveyed.”足以说明词汇的重要性。
托福阅读训练先看懂文章结构
接下来大家要从理解文章的结构开始理解文章。我们要明白,托福考试的阅读文章都是北美校园基础课程的文章,基本没有做过改动。所以文章的结构就是完全按照美式作文的五段法,我们的考生只要用这样的方式去分析每一篇文章,就会发现他们的结构是大同小异的。
托福阅读备考需重视积累背景知识
积累背景知识对我们来说相当的重要,因此我们在做新托福 阅读的题目的同时,也应该在空余的时候多阅读课外读物,原版杂志。譬如,国家地理、自然等一些著名的原版杂志,这不仅可以扩充我们的背景知识,同时也可以补充我们在词汇量上的不足。
托福阅读备考考前也要做模考
在复习的最后阶段,做做模拟练习题是必不可少的。如果有条件的话,最好做一下模考软件。因为这样可以模仿新托福机考的真实场景。比较推荐的模考软件有Barron, Kaplan以及一些比较权威的模考网站。当然在你报名时托福官方网站提供给你的那一套不完整的模考题也是很有参考价值的。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析:教学过程中的反思实践
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例:
This was justified by the view that reflective practice could help teachers to feel more intellectually involve d in their role and work in teaching and enable them to cope with the paucity of scientific fact and the uncertainty of knowledge in the discipline of teaching.
词汇讲解:
paucity /?p?s?ti/ n.少量,少许,少数
结构划分:
This was justified (by the view) (that reflective practice could help teachers to feel more intellectually involved in their role and work in teaching and enable them to cope with the paucity of scientific fact and the uncertainty of knowledge in the discipline of teaching.)
深度分析:
修饰一:(bythe view),介词短语,修饰justified
中文:通过这个观点
修饰二:(that reflective practice could help teachers to feel more intellectually involved in their role and work in teaching and enable them to cope with the paucity of scientific fact and the uncertainty of knowledge in the discipline of teaching.),超级无敌长的同位语从句,解释view的内容,在从句中还有一个并列结构A and B
中文:反思实践可以帮助教师带着更多思考去融入他们在教学中的角色和工作,并使他们能在教学法中处理科学事实的缺乏和知识的不确定。
参考翻译:
这是合理的,因为基于这样的观点:反思实践可以帮助教师带着更多思考去融入他们在教学中的角色和工作,并使他们能在教学法中处理科学事实的缺乏和知识的不确定。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析:岛上生物群落共生关系
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例:
It is significant that the earliest living things that built communities on these islands are examples of symbiosis, a phenomenon that depends up on the close cooperation of two or more forms of life and a principle that is very importantin island communities.
词汇讲解:
community n. 社区,团体,社会,(动植物的)群落
symbiosis /s?mba?'os?s/ n. 共生
结构划分:
It is significant that the earliest living things (that built communities on these islands) are examples of symbiosis, a phenomenon (that depends upon the close cooperation of two or more forms of life) and a principle (that is very important in island communities).
深度分析:
修饰一:(that built communities on theseislands),从句,修饰living things
中文:在这些岛上建立生物群落
修饰二:(a phenomenon and a principle),同位语,修饰symbiosis,注意这里的a phenomenon和a principle被从句隔开了,注意这里的断句
修饰三:(that depends upon the close cooperation of two or more forms of life) ,从句,修饰a phenomenon
中文:依赖两种或两种以上的生物紧密合作
修饰四:(that is very important in island communities)从句,修饰aprinciple
中文:在岛上生物群落非常重要
参考翻译:
在这些岛上建立生物群落的最早的生物以共生方式存在是非常重要的,共生是一种依赖两种或两种以上的生物紧密合作而生存的现象,也是在岛上生物群落非常重要的原则。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析:有声电影的批判观点
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例:
Though it may be difficult to imagine from a later perspective , a strain of critical opinion in the 1920s predicted that sound film would be a technical novelty that would soon fade from sight, just as had many previous attempts, dating well back before the First World War, to link images with recorded sound.
词汇讲解:
perspective /p?'spekt?v/ n. 透视法,透视图;远景;观点,看法
strain n. 品种,类型
结构划分:
(Though it may be difficult to imagine from a later perspective),a strain of critical opinion inthe 1920s predicted that sound film would be a technical novelty (that would soon fade from sight),(just as had many previous attempts, (dating well back before the First World War),to link images with recorded sound).
深度分析:
这句话的主干就是a strain of critical opinion in the 1920s predicted that
修饰一:(Though it may be difficult to imagine from a later perspective),从句
中文:虽然从以后的观点来看很难想象
修饰二:(that would soon fade from sight),从句,修饰a technical novelty
中文:不久就会从视线里消失 修饰三:( just as had many previous attempts to link images with recorded sound),从句,大家一定要注意这里的attempts to被插入语(dating well back before the FirstWorld War)隔开了,断句不要出问题
中文:就好像以前试图把图像和录音连接在一起的许多尝试一样。
修饰四:(dating well back before the First World War),插入语
中文:追溯到一战以前
参考翻译:
虽然从以后的观点来看很难想象,但在20世纪代有一种批判的观点预测有声电影将会是不久就会从视线里消失的技术创新,就好像一战以前试图把图像和录音连接在一起的许多尝试一样。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析:夸张乞讨造成的伤害
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例:
The answer lies apparently not in the increased energy costs of exaggerated begging——such energy costs are small relative to the potential gain in calories——but rather in the damage that any successful cheater would do to its siblings, which share gene s with one another.
结构划分:
The answer lies apparently not in the increased energy costs (of exaggerated begging)——(such energy costs are small relative to the potential gain in calories)——but rather in the damage (that any successful cheater would do to its siblings), (which share genes with one another).
深度分析:
这个句子主干是:The answer lies apparently not in the increased energy costs but rather in the damage,大家要注意这里的not…but结构,不是…而是
修饰一:(of exaggerated begging) ,介词短语,修饰costs
中文:夸张的乞讨
修饰二:—— (such energy costs are small relative to the potential gain in calories) ,破折号,解释说明
中文:这些能量消耗相对于可能获得的能量相比是很少的
修饰三:(that any successful cheater would do to its siblings) ,从句,修饰damage
中文:任何一个成功的欺骗者会对它的兄弟姐妹造成伤害
修饰四:(which share genes with oneanother),从句,修饰siblings
中文:彼此拥有相同的基因
参考翻译:
答案明显不在于夸张的乞讨所增加的能量消耗——这些能量消耗相对于可能获得的能量相比是很少的——而是在于任何一个成功的欺骗者会对和它有同样基因的兄弟姐妹造成伤害。
托福阅读备考要注意细节
篇3:高效备考托福阅读心得
托福考试改革两个月后 高效备考托福阅读心得分享
托福阅读考试难度变化分析
托福考试改革后阅读部分算是变化比较大的一个科目。其中特别明显的一个改变就是阅读文章的段落长度有所增加,每一个段落里包含的信息更多,大家想要准确定位到题目涉及的内容越来越困难,那些曾经毫不费力就找到定位的题目一去不复返了。
所以从某种程度上来说,阅读的难度较之前是有上升趋势的,因为去掉的题目中有一半是可以做到秒选的词汇题,另外一部分是相对比较容易的事实题和其他题型。去掉的都是容易的,留下的都是难啃的题目,面临这样的新挑战,大家就需要调整备考策略,做到更有科学针对性地备考。
如何根据改革调整托福阅读备考计划?
1. 词汇方面依然不能放松
虽然词汇题减少了一半,在总题数中的相对占比量减少,但并不意味着词汇题不重要。词汇作为语言学习中最基础的敲门砖一定要扎实好。去掉的词汇题相对也容易一些,所以词汇题的备考必不可少。小站君在这里推荐两款备考神器:
a. 小站托福APP。里面的阅读部分有一个按题型练习,里面有699道词汇题,这些词汇题就是ETS官方模考套题TPO中的词汇题的汇总,但是这些词汇是在真题中会大量重复考的,大概占每场正式考试词汇题的一半甚至以上,所以克服词汇题的第一步就是先把这699词汇题完成,查缺补漏;
b. 小站每次考试前都会持续发布的词汇预测。这个是针对699的词汇进行的补充,这个预测词汇库是的词汇题的汇总,而根据这套词汇库汇总,大家可以发现的考试,重复旧题最多的是的旧题,所以这个预测词汇库可以说是非常有针对性的备考素材。各位考托的同学可以充分利用起来。
2. 理解方面要注重段落的结构和信息的归纳
刚刚小编已经说过,托福考试改革之后,托福阅读的很多题目对应的段落都变得特别长。但题目方面大部分情况下却依然是一段出1-2道题,有些时候,很长的段落可能也就考一道题,而这种题目考综合事实性质的题型的概率比较高,所以对整体的段落结构和主要内容大家要有一个清晰的把握。比如下面这个段落:
Most amphibians do not exhibit parental care. This observation suggests that parental care has costs to the parents that may outweigh the enhanced survival of offspring. Reduced reproductive output is one cost of parental care. Species that exhibit parental care usually produce fewer eggs per clutch than related species that do not have parental care. Furthermore, time and energy spent on parental care may limit opportunities for additional matings. Another cost may be decreased food intake for the caring parent. Parents typically do not eat when they are guarding nests or eggs, and females that remain with their clutch produce fewer clutches overall than do females that do not remain with their clutch. Reduced rates of parental survival are another potential cost of parental care. Remaining with the eggs could increase an individual’s vulnerability to predation. Because most amphibians are small and have ineffective defenses against vertebrate predators, parental care could increase the risks of the parents’death and might not save their eggs or young.
这是一篇.11.13的原题,是一个相对比较新的真题库文章。这个段落就考了一个非常综合的事实题,具体题目如下:
According to paragraph 5, providing parental care is associated with which of the following?
A. More clutches produced per female
B. Less danger to parents from predators
C. More food needed by caregiving parents
D. Fewer eggs produced per clutch
针对这个题目,大家如果想要按照常规做法,通过关键词比如parental care去找定位,就会发现整段都在讲parental care,定位很难找。这个时候大家需要把整体的段落结构梳理一下,可能整段内容会看得更清楚一些,比如:
Most amphibians do not exhibit parental care. This observation suggests that parental care has costs to the parents that may outweigh the enhanced survival of offspring(论证parental care利大于弊). Reduced reproductive output is one cost of parental care.(第一个坏处:繁殖量减少) Species that exhibit parental care usually produce fewer eggs per clutch than related species that do not have parental care.(该句话是上一句话的展开) Furthermore, time and energy spent on parental care may limit opportunities for additional matings.(第2个坏处:限制了mating的机会) Another cost may be decreased food intake for the caring parent. (第3个坏处:吃的食物减少)Parents typically do not eat when they are guarding nests or eggs, and females that remain with their clutch produce fewer clutches overall than do females that do not remain with their clutch. (针对上面小观点的展开)Reduced rates of parental survival are another potential cost of parental care.(第4个坏处:减少parental存活率) Remaining with the eggs could increase an individual’s vulnerability to predation. Because most amphibians are small and have ineffective defenses against vertebrate predators, parental care could increase the risks of the parents’death and might not save their eggs or young.(针对第4个点的展开)
这样分析了段落之后,整体的结构就非常青楚了,然后再去对应选项会发现,A,B,C都跟原文的几个小观点反了,直接选D,对应上了第一个小观点。是不是这样答案一目了然多了。
3. 备考素材要与时俱进
托福官方模考套题TPO是一个相对比较老的备考素材了,TPO40之前的文章整体的难度都小于现在考试的难度,所以如果想利用TPO的话,难度相当的套题是TPO50及之后的文章,TPO40-49,有些难度也不大,不过可以作为补充背景知识的一个比较好的素材,因为里面的文章,话题比较广。
至于TPO40之前的,如果基础不是很好的同学,可以利用40之前的文章打基础。除了TPO,另外更有针对性的素材是预测题库,小站每次考试之前都会发预测题库,那里面的40篇文章可以作为一个重要的备考素材,另外就是大范围预测题库里面有147篇文章,这个题库中覆盖的话题更全面,对于长线备考的学生来说是个不错的素材,而且,这些经典题目的分析解读类资料也是比较多的。
总而言之,托福考试改革后阅读部分的改变并不仅仅是考试时间和题目数量,具体题型的变化以及文章结构段落长度的调整大家也需要赶快适应起来,在备考中提前做好应对措施,以确保能在之后的考试中取得理想的成绩。
托福考试阅读技巧:六大阅读策略
托福考试阅读技巧1:两分钟预读
花上两分钟的时间快速浏览文章的题目;掌握第一段的内容大义;阅读每一段的第一句话;阅读文章最后一段。这个能比较快地对文章的大体内容有个一定的了解。
托福考试阅读技巧2:利用题干关键词
先读题干,划出题干的关键词; 利用划出的关键词迅速找到对应的文章中的相应内容;通过阅读文章的相关内容回归题干找出正确选项(或者通过排除法来找出正确选项)。
托福考试阅读技巧3:快速阅读
因为托福阅读的篇幅很长,所以考生在进行阅读的时候要学会快速地阅读。最好能做到用余光来覆盖信息;从而了解每一段的大意和作者的用意,而不是一字一字地阅读每一个单词的含义。
托福考试阅读技巧4:利用上下文来猜测生词
考生要在备考时掌握托福考试的核心词汇、高频词汇。但是托福阅读的篇幅长,词汇量也比较大,考生在考试时难免会遇到生词。这个时候要学会利用上下文把生词融入到语境中进行理解。从而猜测生词的意思。
托福考试阅读技巧5:做出推论
考生们要学会定位找出文章的逻辑细节,也就是论据;然后利用各种结构指示词和文章的主题来判断这些细节的作用。
托福考试阅读技巧6:概述总结
仔细阅读文章的第一段,找出观点;了解文章的基本结构,注意文章是如何对观点进行展开的,通常是一个主要观点有3个中心点支持(一个段落一个中心点),而每个段落的中心点又会有2-4个要点支持。
托福备考策略和技巧:巧用关键词
托福考试阅读部分一篇文章一般较长,所以一般是以段落为单位的。有时候可能会有学生说我做题的时候并不会去看整段啊,或者有学生说我看懂了哎,但题目就是没做对啊!其实我们在阅读一个段落时要学会使用方法,是什么方法可以帮助我们快速阅读呢?
要读懂一个段落我们只需要抓住几个关键词而已。那么关键词怎么抓呢?一是看逻辑信号词;二是读句子的时候一定牢记只看主干!下面我们就以托福TPO25中的文章The Decline of Venetian Shipping为例,说说如何巧抓关键词。
TPO25-2 The Decline of Venetian Shipping:
Paragraph 2 This decline can be seen clearly in the changes that affected Venetian shipping and trade. First, Venic’s intermediary functions in the Adriatic Sea, where it had dominated the business of shipping for other parties, were lost to direct trading. In the fifteenth century there was little problem recruiting sailors to row the galleys (large ships propelled by oars): guilds (business associations) were required to provide rowers, and through a draft system free citizens served compulsorily when called for. In the early sixteenth century the shortage of rowers was not serious because the demand for galleys was limited by a move to round ships (round-hulled ships with more cargo space), with required fewer rowers. But the shortage of crews proved to be a greater and greater problem, despite continuous appeal to Venic’s tradition of maritime greatness. Even though sailors’ wages doubled among the northern Italian cities from 1550 to 1590, this did not elicit an increased supply.
以上算得上是托福阅读中较长的段落了,在快速阅读这个段落的时候我们要找的关键词是:逻辑信号词—如段落中所标示的first, but, this… 我们不难发现这些信号词所在的句子基本都是解题的信息点。那么在做题定位时不妨多加留意。当然,抓住这些关键词并不难,难在理解。
接下来我们就来看看理解这些句子时的关键词。每段话的首句是必定要读的。This decline can be seen clearly in the changes that affected Venetian shipping and trade。这是包含了一个定语从句的复杂句。先看到核心词changes,再看到Venetian shipping and trade。这篇文章接下来具体要写的内容就展露无遗,也就是威尼斯船业和贸易的变迁。
First,这当然是开始写shipping的标志了。Venice’s intermediary functions in the Adriatic Sea, where it had dominated the business of shipping for other parties, were lost to direct trading. 我们一直强调句子要读主干,那么简单地看这个句子就是Venice’s functions were lost, 核心词很显然是lost,也对应了整篇文章的主题 decline. 接下来两句写到了15和16世纪遇到的船员难招的问题。…there was little problem recruiting sailors to row the galleys (large ships propelled by oars): guilds (business associations) were required to provide rowers, and through a draft system free citizens served compulsorily when called for. 这句话中有冒号的出现,阅读冒号之前的内容there was little problem;到下一句:the shortage of rowers was not serious because the demand for galleys was limited by a move to round ships (round-hulled ships with more cargo space), with required fewer rowers. 这句中要看到的核心是not serious;再往后看到But….to be a greater and greater problem. 到这里意思应该已经一目了然了,就是讲威尼斯船业在招聘船员方面所遭遇的变迁:little problem—not serious —greater problem.
刚才我们讲了文章阅读部分要抓关键词,其实我们在阅读题目和选项时也是需要寻找关键词的。有些题目的选项是比较长的,四个选项看上去也差不多一段话了,所以一定要抓住关键词判断才行,如否定词、比较词和并列词。这些是快速浏览选项的第一步。再次也要看到题干和每个选项中能让我们快速定位到原文的关键词。我们还是以托福TPO25为例:
TPO25-1 The Surface of Mars
Paragraph 5 As on the Moon, the extent of large impact cratering (i.e. craters too big to have been filled in by erosion since they were formed) serves as an age indicator for the Martian surface. Age estimates ranging from four billion years for Mars’s southern highlands to a few hundred million years in the youngest volcanic areas were obtained in this way。
According to paragraph 5, what have scientists been able to determine from studies of large impact cratering on Mars?
A. Some Martian volcanoes are much older than was once thought。
B. The age of Mars’s surface can vary from area to area。
C. Large impact craters are not reliable indicators of age in areas with high volcanic activity。
D. Some areas of the Martian surface appear to be older than they actually are。
划出选项中的关键词后,定位到原文迅速浏览发现原文中并无如A和D选项中的比较,C中的否定词not和原文是明显相矛盾的,故而选择B,而B选项对应的恰好是本段末句:Age estimates ranging from four billion years for Mars’s southern highlands to a few hundred million years in the youngest volcanic areas were obtained in this way。
根据以上分析,我们应该明白在阅读之时何为关键词。简单地讲有定位关键词和判断关键词。定位关键词包括题干及选项中的名词,还有就是段落中那些一直向你示好的逻辑信号词了,不要忘记用它们找到你解题需要的信息。判断关键词是选项中那些有特色的词汇,包括否定词,比较词或者是句子主干中的动词等,根据这些词和原文进行对应,至少有一半的选项可以迅速被排除。
托福备考经验:选择题细节
Two species of deer have been prevalent in the Puget Sound area of Washington State in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The black-tailed deer, a low land, west-side cousin of the mule deer of eastern Washington, is now the most common. The other species, the Columbian white-tailed deer, in earlier times was common in the open prairie country, it is now restricted to the low, marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River。
According to paragraph 1,which of the following is true of the white-tailed deer of Puget Sound?
A. It is native to lowlands and marshes。
B. It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than to other types of deer。
C. It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie。
D. It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it once occupied。
这是一个典型的细节题,在该题题干中,有的考生会选择Puget Sound作为枢纽词回原文定位,由于它是专有名词,在文中会比较显眼。但是假如一旦选择了这个地名,势必会定位在该段的第一句话,托福细节题往往是定位在哪句就在哪句找谜底,这样的话考生是选不出准确谜底的,由于定位不精确。实在准确的枢纽词应该是white-tailed deer,这个用连字符连接的词在文章中也是比较醒目的,按该词定位应是该段最后一句话。所以根据它的意思应该选D项。其中A项与原句意思不符,B和C都与定位句信息无关。
我们再来看另外一个否定事实细节题的例子:
Plant communities assemble themselves flexibly, and their structure depends on the particular history of the area. Ecologists use the term “succession” to refer to the changes that happen in plant communities and ecosystems over time. The first community in a succession is called a pioneer community, while the long-lived community at the end of succession is called a climax community. Pioneer and successional plant communities are said to change over periods from 1 to 500 years. These changes—in plant numbers and the mix of species—are cumulative. Climax communities themselves change but over periods of time greater than about 500 years。
According to paragraph 1, which of the following is NOT true of climax communities?
A. They occur at the end of a succession。
B. They last longer than any other type of community。
C. The numbers of plants in them and the mix of species do not change
D. They remain stable for at least 500 years at a time。
这个题大家都会选择用climax communities去定位,但在定位过程中会泛起良多题目。首先考生要学会跳跃式定位,即根据文章中特殊的标点符号以及最醒目的词来搜索我们真正需要的枢纽词。文中的particular是加了暗影的,succession是在引号里面的,都非常醒目,通过看这两个词我们会发现它们四周没有我们需要的东西;再比较凸起的就是数字及破折号,在500的上方有a climax community,但它是单数,与题干枢纽词不完全匹配,细节题讲究的是精确定位,所以我们应该选择500斜下方的Climax communities,即该段的最后一句话。
否定事实细节题的出题思路有两种:一是无中生有,四个选项只有一个没有提到,这种思路多合用于选项比较简短的标题题目;二是张冠李戴,即根据定位点的内容表述,只有一个选项与之矛盾,这种思路多适应于选项比较长的标题题目。就这个例题而言,根据定位的最后一句话,从表述上来保存后关闭说跟它相关的只有C和D两个选项,D项的意思与原句相符,而C项与原句矛盾,所以准确谜底是C。
篇4:托福阅读备考细节技巧指点
托福阅读备考细节技巧指点 阅读题目也能精读
托福阅读题目也能精读?
很多考生觉得,对托福阅读文章进行精读只需研究文章就可以了,事实上,托福阅读文章后面的题目也有很大的学习价值。在精读的最后阶段,你可以再次仔细阅读各道题目,扫除之前“蒙答案”的情况。
托福阅读题目怎么精读
具体来说,考生可以从三个方面精读题目。
1. 读懂题干选项辨析词汇
考生首先看一下自己是否真的读懂了每道题的题干和选项,如果题干和选项中出现不认识的单词,应进行查阅并记录到笔记本中。
2. 确认题目和原文关系
其次,考生再把每道题和原文的关系作一次确认,比如,托福阅读题目中常出现同义替换的关系,这里的同义替换包括两层含义:
首先是题干中的词汇和原文所对应的替换点,也就是考生是如何找到该题的定位句的;
其次是正确答案和原文所对应的替换点,也就是ETS是怎么写出这个答案的。
精读题目时,你可以找到这些替换点并逐一把它们记录下来,多次总结后,你会发现托福阅读中的同义替换会有一些常见的套路。比如,有些替换通过词性的变化来实现,有些替换则靠同义词改写,而有些替换则可能是变换句型。
3. 整理错题回顾复习
最后,考生可单独整理出错题,整理错题可以让考生看出自己哪些题型是比较薄弱的,考前再做一些针对性的练习。整理出来的错题也可以放到考前几天作为再次回顾复习的材料。
托福阅读100个长难句精选汇总深度解析:The presence of mammal...
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例:
The presence of mammal species that require grassland vegetation has led Arctic biologist Dale Guthrie to argue that while cold and dry, there must have been broad areas of dense vegetation to support herd of mammoth, horse, and bison.
结构分析:
复合句。 主句主语+that引导的定语从句+主句谓语+宾语+同位语+宾补。that引导的宾语从句,其中含有while引导的让步状语从句。
句子分析:
the presence of mammal species 主语,that定语从句修饰species, 从句中require作谓语,grassland vegetation 作宾语。 had led 是主句谓语, Arctic biologist为宾语,Dale Guthrie 为宾语同位语,to argue 宾语补足语。本部分的意思:需要草地植被的哺乳动物的存在使得北极生物家戴尔古恩莱认为。
宾语补足语中包含that引导的宾语从句,其中,while cold and try 是让步状语从句,从句中省略了本文前一句提到的 the Beringian landscape和 was;cold and try 作从句表语。 that引导的宾语从句为there be句型,to support herd of mammoth, horse and bison做定语,修饰broad areas of dense vegetation。 本部分意思:尽管(白令海峡)寒冷干燥,那里肯定曾经有大面积茂密的植被来维持数目庞大的牛群,马和野牛的生存。
参考翻译:
需要草地植被的哺乳动物的存在使得北极生物家戴尔古恩莱认为:尽管(白令海峡)寒冷干燥,那里肯定曾经有大面积茂密的植被来维持数目庞大的牛群,马和野牛的生存。
托福阅读100个长难句精选汇总深度解析:Tolls on roads became...
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例:
Tolls on roads became high enough to finance what has been called a road revolution, involving new surfaces and bridges, new passes through the Alps, and new inns and hospices for travelers.
结构分析:
复合句。句中包含what引导的宾语从句。
句子分析:
Tolls on roads主语, became high enough为系表结构, to finance …为结果状语。在结果状语中,finance为动词,what为宾语从句,其中,what充当主语,has been called a road revolution 为谓语部分。
本部分意思:公路通行费足以资助所谓的道路革命。
involving后置定语修饰revolution, new surfaces and bridges作involving的并列宾语1, new passes为宾语2,through the Alps为定语, new inns and hospices为宾语3,for travelers 为定语。
本部分意思:包括新的路面和桥梁,穿过阿尔卑斯的新关口,以及为旅客新提供旅馆和收容所。
参考翻译:
公路通行费足以资助所谓的道路革命,包括新的路面和桥梁,穿过阿尔卑斯的新关口,以及为旅客新提供旅馆和收容所。
托福阅读100个长难句精选汇总深度解析:Fire is death to papyrus...
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例:
Fire, for example, which is death to papyrus paper or other writing materials such as leather and wood, simply bakes it hard, thereby making it even more durable.
结构分析:
复合句,结构较为简单,全句只含一个which 引导的定语从句。
句子分析:
主句主语fire, 谓语bakes, it 宾语(这里指代上文出现的clay,本句中没出现这个单词),hard,宾语补足语。for example为插入语,which 引导的定语从句修饰fire。从句中,which指代fire,充当主语。is death to papyrus paper or other writing materials为谓语部分, such as leather and wood,举例说明有哪些materials。现在分词短语thereby making it even more durable作结果状语,it为宾语,even more durable 为宾补。
参考翻译:
例如,火只是将粘土烤硬,从而使其更耐用,而对于纸莎草纸或其他书面材料(如皮革和木材),火意味着毁灭。
托福阅读备考细节技巧指点
篇5:托福阅读备考细节技巧指点
托福阅读备考细节技巧指点 阅读题目也能精读
托福阅读题目也能精读?
很多考生觉得,对托福阅读文章进行精读只需研究文章就可以了,事实上,托福阅读文章后面的题目也有很大的学习价值。在精读的最后阶段,你可以再次仔细阅读各道题目,扫除之前“蒙答案”的情况。
托福阅读题目怎么精读
具体来说,考生可以从三个方面精读题目。
1. 读懂题干选项辨析词汇
考生首先看一下自己是否真的读懂了每道题的题干和选项,如果题干和选项中出现不认识的单词,应进行查阅并记录到笔记本中。
2. 确认题目和原文关系
其次,考生再把每道题和原文的关系作一次确认,比如,托福阅读题目中常出现同义替换的关系,这里的同义替换包括两层含义:
首先是题干中的词汇和原文所对应的替换点,也就是考生是如何找到该题的定位句的;
其次是正确答案和原文所对应的替换点,也就是ETS是怎么写出这个答案的。
精读题目时,你可以找到这些替换点并逐一把它们记录下来,多次总结后,你会发现托福阅读中的同义替换会有一些常见的套路。比如,有些替换通过词性的变化来实现,有些替换则靠同义词改写,而有些替换则可能是变换句型。
3. 整理错题回顾复习
最后,考生可单独整理出错题,整理错题可以让考生看出自己哪些题型是比较薄弱的,考前再做一些针对性的练习。整理出来的错题也可以放到考前几天作为再次回顾复习的材料。
托福阅读100个长难句精选汇总深度解析:A good illustration of this...
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例:
A good illustration of this occurred after sea otters were eliminated from some Pacific kelp (seaweed) bed ecosystems: the kelp beds were practically obliterated too because in the absence of sea otter predation, sea urchin populations exploded and consumed most of the kelp and other macroalgae.
结构分析:
主干结构为复合句,其中带有after引导的时间状语从句,because 引导的原因状语从句。
句子分析:
主句中, a good illustration 主语, of this 定语。occurred 谓语。 本部分意思:一个很好的例子发生在。
after 引导的从句中, sea otters 主语,were eliminated 谓语, from some Pacific kelp bed ecosystems 状语。本部分意思:海獭从太平洋海带(海草床生态系统)被消除之后。
本部分是进一步说明。the kelp beds 主语,were practically obliterated 谓语。本部分意思: 实际上,海带床也被除去了。
because 引导的从句中, in the absence of sea otter predation, 状语, sea urchin populations 主语,exploded and consumed 谓语, most of the kelp and other macroalgae 宾语。本部分意思:因为再缺乏海獭捕食的情况下,海胆数量暴增,吃光了大部分的海带和其他海藻。
参考翻译:
一个很好的例子就发生在海獭从太平洋海带(海草床生态系统)被消除之后:实际上,海带床也被除去了,因为再缺乏海獭捕食的情况下,海胆数量暴增,吃光了大部分的海带和其他海藻。
托福阅读分析备考面面观
托福阅读题型
托福考试满分为120分,阅读部分和其他3个部分(听力,口语,写作)一样都是分别总分为30分。阅读部分一般情况下有3篇文章,共60分钟的答题时间。如果遇到了阅读加试,将有多一篇阅读,作答时间也会相应延长。文章的长度大概在700字左右,每一篇文章会带有12-14道题目。阅读部分所有题目都是客观题,以四选一的单项选择题为主,也有一些多选题。正式考试之中,非单选题都会有明确的提示。
阅读文章取材
托福文章取材于不同学科的大学程度初阶学术性文章,可以分为人文艺术,社会科学和自然科学这三大类。虽然托福文章的主题高度多元化,但是考生并不需要担心自己缺乏涉及学科的背景知识。因为托福考试测试的是语言的运用和理解,而非一个学科专业考试,所以所有的答案都可以在文章中找到。
专有名词应对技巧
因为托福文章涉及学科门类繁多,掌握一些常用的专有名词也会对考生十分有帮助。例如,托福考试并不会要求你掌握氧气是如何和氢气结合变成水的,但是如果你知道氧气是“Oxygen”,氢气是“Hydrogen”,你会更轻松地掌握涉及到相关名词的文章。同理,像“Nitrogen”、“Carbon”之类的常用专有名词学生也应该掌握。但是像“Cyanide”之类比较少见的词汇,大家遇到也不用担心。毕竟在现今知识高度专业化的年代,无穷无尽的专有名词是不可能都掌握的,而且这也不是ETS(托福主办机构)要考察的内容。
在此我给大家提供一个遇到不懂的专有名词的技巧。假如你在考试的时候遇到不认识的,甚至从未见过的单词,例如“Cyanide”,你会如何应对?大家可以不用纠结这个单词到底是什么意思,不要被卡住,继续往下读。你只要在心里记住文章提到了一种叫做“Cyanide”的物质就可以,并且记住这个词出现的大概位置。假如这个文章介绍了“Cyanide”的属性,用途与注意事项。把重点放在这个物质的属性,用途和注意事项,而不是这个物质是什么,把文章顺着读下去,然后去回答题目。这样子就可以避开由于不认识的生词而带来的障碍,顺利解答题目。以后我们也会陆续介绍更多的阅读备考策略。
注:Nitrogen是氮,Carbon是碳,Cyanide是氰化物
总而言之,备考托福阅读,最重要的是提升自身的词汇量,并且多练多思。在此基础上配合专业的课程,掌握正确的解题思路与答题技巧会更有助于获得理想的成绩。
托福阅读的传统做题策略有哪些
阅读时间:
15分钟一篇,一篇13/14道题。(官方要求是20分钟一篇)
13道题中除了4道词汇题(30‘’)1道多选题(1’30‘’)之外,其他题目基本(1‘)一般是在第三段/第四段,大概第8题/第9题的样子,是一段会出2道理解题的段落。题目编排,近几年的TPO一般第一篇第二篇文章偏难,生词多,第三篇简单难度类似早期TPO。
在题目上一般是(细节 词汇,细节 作用, 细节 词汇, 细节 词汇 改写, 细节 词汇, 黑点 大意)规律就是每一段都会出细节题(In paragraph n...)再加一道其他题,早期一段只有一道题的情况几乎不存在了。
简单的文章可能会出比较难的大意题,尤其是对比型的简单文章。用上面的标准控制时间,用下面的方法去读的话,20分钟一般都是够用的。
托福阅读高分障碍:
速度:1’大概150-170字,生词量一般而且前后不出现感觉自相矛盾需要停下来想的情况下。
选项:词汇量一般,有时词汇题的相似词汇不造句都感觉不出区别。
新托福阅读真题训练技巧:
1,粗看下文章的段数,对每段大概几道题有个预期。(比如只有5段,那长段肯定是3道题)粗看每段第一句话,对文章的整体意思心中有数。
2,每段段首变成中文理解,以迅速的进入状态,并记忆主要意思。(就算只有一道词汇题,这段的段首也要读)
3,每读一段整理一次逻辑,A支持的观点是,A的观点的问题是B的观点是。(记忆法,图像帮助理解,逻辑帮助记忆,生成图像来理解含义,对逻辑部分用色彩记忆红黄绿记忆法,每一段的第一句作为逻辑中心标记黄色。
这段如果讲倒推如原因,在脑中的逻辑框架就在红色的区域生成记忆,如果正推将后果等就在绿色区域生成图像,读完全文留下来的会是每一排都是红黄绿三色的逻辑关系,每一段都纵向罗列,如下)红——黄——绿
4,鉴于每段都会出细节题,如果有词汇题等先只看一句话,做完了要看到细节题问的什么再看文章,鉴于有四个选项,选一个对的或者不对的,看的时候自己要边看边总结,比如总结出三个步骤, 解释了三个方面的问题,或者其他。5,要检查,每个不确定的题都标上guess回来看,我不确定的题错的概率还是非常高的。如果不走神的理解全文,一般15分钟是够的,还能剩下几分钟检查。
新托福阅读真题做题策略:
词汇题、句子改写题——只读该句不读完整段(30‘ . + 1’.1)耗时3分钟
词汇题看好单词的词性、发出者(是人,是物),保持一致的最对,看这一句即可。
In the past,whole cities grew from the arduoustask of cutting and piling stone upon. Some ofthe world’s finest stonearchitecture can be seen in the ruins of the ancient Inca city of MachuPicchu high in the eastern Andes
Mountains of Peru.猜词是保证不了完全准了,根据意思,这道题排除BD,剩下AC很是纠结,但是看task本身,skilledtask这种说法小奇怪,一般是skilled workers,所以选A
The word “arduous” in the passage is closest inmeaning to
Difficult Necessary Skilled Shared
词汇题一直是难点超爱错,猜出来的,如果有时间检查一定要再看一下,从ETS出题的角度考虑。
托福阅读备考细节技巧指点
篇6:托福阅读备考做题细节指点
托福阅读备考做题细节指点 刷完题后切记做好这几件事
托福 阅读备考要做错题分析
尽管题目都是读懂了才能做对、读不懂就会做错,但毕竟,每个题目有自己的问法和常见的回答角度,那么在这个过程中,我们应该按不同的题型来进行不同的分析。
托福阅读词汇题
1. 背住题目中出现的所有词汇题的题目单词及正确答案
2. 搞不懂的词汇题,务必要看看单词的英文释义
托福阅读细节题&排除题&推断题
对于这些题目,思考并回答下列问题:
1)题目的中文意思是什么?
2)根据题目所问,原文中哪句话能够回答题目?找到并翻译这句话。
3)先不看选项,试着根据上一步中理解的句意,自己回答这道题目。
4)阅读选项,翻译中文意思并找到符合自己回答的选项。
5)分析其他选项的错误原因。
托福阅读句子简化题
对于这种题目,思考并回答下列问题:
1)题目句子的中文意思。
2)每个选项的中文意思。
3)分析选项的正确和错误原因。
托福阅读修辞目的题
对于这种题目,思考并回答下列问题:
1)题目的中文意思是什么?
2)题目问及的原文句子以及其上下文语境的中文意思是什么?
3)先不看选项,试着根据上一步中理解的句意,体会作者的意图。
4)阅读选项,找到正确选项并翻译中文意思。
#FormatImgID_0#
托福阅读插入句子题
对于这种题目,思考并回答下列问题:
1)待插入句子的中文意思是什么?
2)这个句子有哪些关键词/关键信息,能够帮助我们确定正确位置前后的信息?
3)这个句子插入正确位置后,与前后文构成了什么样的联系?
托福阅读小结题
对于这种题目,思考并回答下列问题:
1)选项的中文意思是什么?
2)正确选项对应原文的哪段/那几段的主要内容?
3)错误选项为何错误?
错题分析这个步骤必然需要字典的帮助,依靠自己的努力想出来的题目、句子,才算是自己吸收了。解析什么的,请到万不得已的时候再使用。(还要有对解析好坏的判断能力)
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析:木卫四金属含量较少
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例:
This tells us that Callisto has far less of the rocky metallic materials found in the inner planets and must instead be an icy body through much of its interior.
结构分析:
复合句,其中包含that 引导的宾语从句。
句子分析:
主句中this作主语,tells谓语,us宾语,that引导宾语从句。宾语从句中,Callisto作主语,has...(谓语1)和must be an icy body(谓语2)为并列谓语。谓语1中,has 为动词, less of the rocky metallic materials 作宾语,found in the inner planets是后置定语修饰rocky metallic materials。本部分的意思:这告诉我们,在内行星中,木卫四的岩石金属物质含量较少。
谓语2为系表结构,an icy body为表语,through much of its interior为状语。本部分意思:相反,它内部的大部分物质一定以冰态存在。
#FormatImgID_0#
参考翻译:
这告诉我们:在内行星中,木卫四的岩石金属物质含量较少;相反,它内部的大部分物质一定以冰态存在。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析:海草系统沉积性环境
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例:
Since most seagrass systems are deposit ional environments, they eventually accumulate organic material that leads to the creation of fine-grained sediments with a higher organic content than that of the surrounding unvegetated environment.
结构分析:
复合句。Since 引导原因状语从句,主句中包含that引导的定语从句。
句子分析:
原因状语从句Since most seagrass systems are depositional environments中,most seagrass systems 作主语,are depositional environment为系表结构。本部分意思:因为大多数的海草系统属于沉积性环境。
they eventually accumulate organic material… surrounding unvegetated environment为主句。其中,they是主语,accumulate是谓语,organic material是宾语。本部分意思:它们最终会积累有机物质。
that引导的定语从句修饰organic material,其中,that作主语,leads to为谓语,the creation是宾语,of fine-grained sediments with a higher organic content为定语修饰宾语。本部分意思:会产生有机物质含量更高的细颗粒沉淀物。
介词短语than that of the surrounding unvegetated environment作定语。其中,that是代词,指的是organic content,of the surrounding unvegetated environment 定语,修饰that。本部分意思:比起周围无植被区的细颗粒状沉淀物的有机物质含量。
参考翻译:
由于大多数海草系统属于沉积性环境,它们最终会积累有机物质,进而形成有机物质含量高于周围无植被区的细颗粒状沉淀物。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析:石油是有机物分解产物
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例:
Two additional kinds of evidence support the hypothesis that petroleum is a product of the decomposition of organic matter: oil possesses optical properties known only in hydrocarbons derived from organic matter, and oil contains nitrogen and certain compounds believed to originate only in living matter.
结构分析:
复合句。句子主干为:主语+谓语+宾语,宾语后有一个同位语从句;冒号后为主语的同位语。
句子分析:
Two additional kinds of evidence support the hypothesis that petroleum is a product of the decomposition of organic matter,其中,two additional kinds of evidence为主语,support为谓语,the hypothesis为宾语。that引导the hypothesis的同位语从句,其中,petroleum为主语,is a product 为系表结构;介词短语of the decomposition of organic matter作定语,修饰表语。本部分意思:还有另外两种证据能支持石油是有机物分解的产物这一假设。
(1)oil possesses optical properties known only in hydrocarbons derived from organic matter and (2)oil contains nitrogen and certain compounds believed to originate only in living matter
这两部分为主语Two additional kinds of evidence的同位语,对主语进行解释说明。
部分1中,oil为主语,possesses作谓语,optical properties作宾语。 过去分词短语known only in hydrocarbons作后置定语,修饰properties, derived from organic matter为后置定语,修饰hydrocarbons. 本句意思:石油具有光学特性,这些特性只有源自有机物的碳氢化合物中才有。
部分2中,oil为主语,contains为谓语,nitrogen and certain compounds为并列宾语。后置定语believed to originate only in living matter修饰compounds。本句意思:石油含有氮和某些化合物,人们认为这些化合物只能来源于有生命的物质。
参考翻译:
还有另外两种证据能支持石油是有机物分解的产物这一假设:一是石油具有光学特性,这些特性只有源自有机物的碳氢化合物中才有;二是石油含有氮和某些化合物,人们认为这些化合物只能来源于有生命的物质。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析:火毁灭书面材料
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例:
Fire, for example, which is death to papyrus paper or other writing materials such as leather and wood, simply bakes it hard, thereby making it even more durable.
结构分析:
复合句,结构较为简单,全句只含一个which 引导的定语从句。
句子分析:
主句主语fire, 谓语bakes, it 宾语(这里指代上文出现的clay,本句中没出现这个单词),hard,宾语补足语。for example为插入语,which 引导的定语从句修饰fire。从句中,which指代fire,充当主语。is death to papyrus paper or other writing materials为谓语部分, such as leather and wood,举例说明有哪些materials。现在分词短语thereby making it even more durable作结果状语,it为宾语,even more durable 为宾补。
参考翻译:
例如,火只是将粘土烤硬,从而使其更耐用,而对于纸莎草纸或其他书面材料(如皮革和木材),火意味着毁灭。
篇7:如何高效备考托福口语呢
如何高效备考托福口语呢
好了研究托福三年的前XDF老师跳出来回答一下了
前几天又去考了一下 总分115 口语28
相信我要短期内提高托福口语分数 看这个就可以了 真的
。。真心反对一下第一名答案的影子跟读法
这个短期内练真的考试是来不及的
我也只有高效巡回讲座的时候才会介绍一下shadowing 因为听众大部分不一定会短期内考试
但是上课时间分分钟全是讲题 不 讲题讲技巧强化班18小时还不够
记得当年备课的时候想在上课说Podcast shadowing 听抄技巧什么的
结果直接被老大骂回来了 “他们能直接用吗?短期内能提高吗?不能的话就只讲跟考试有关的内容”
你看连考试相关内容都被驳回了 更不要说段子什么的呢
XDF真的不只是段子啊
真心话 我还不想讲段子呢
但是一帮子人大夏天/大冬天窝在教室里面一下子上4小时以上的课真的会困
所以那种时候没办法只好讲讲段子把大家精神吊起来
其实讲段子真的很累的好吗 要表情 要情绪 要动作 要语调起伏
比讲题累好几倍。。。。。。。。
好吧回归正题 以下全部是干货
1。托福口语分数高 完全 不等于 英语口语好
(所以反对排名第一的shadow法 虽然很好但是短期内练不出来)
2。 只要是考试 必有技巧
3。加试 不算分
以下截图来源于托福官方指南第四版第五页
okay这三点明确了我们可以谈一谈怎么短期内提高托福口语分数
需要的材料:
1。Toefl Offical Guide(简称OG)
2。TPO(目前网上出到32套)
3。考前最近的机经&预测
这三个都是网上免费可以找到的东西
关于1,2题准备
按照
有细节(也就是抽象意见的具体展开)
有必要的连接词(but, moreover之类)
单词尽可能多样化(同一单词不要多次重复)
看情况适当使用从句长句(which, who 什么的就算)
语速不必过快(重点是要人家听清楚你在说什么)
可以有一两处小错
说不完也没关系
的方式准备
以上黑体字总结了口语1,2题的采分点
(老子上课的干货啊!!!!)
只要符合以上几点
随便你怎么讲。。
随便你几条理由。。
随便你什么内容。。
随便你什么模板。。
真的
有兴趣和有时间证实的朋友们可以看OG口语部分的采分标准
对的 ETS人家连怎么对你答案进行打分都写出来了。。
甚至CD里面还有学生回答和对于回答的点评。。
准备材料
1。TPO32套
但是题目可能有点老 而且可能不够刷
2。机经
最新考过的机经看下 可以发现最近考题的趋势 似乎最近开始脱离传统题材开始往北美靠近了
预测机经我本来是不信的 结果中得频率还挺高 最近我的日本的考题竟然中了国内的机经= = 所以仁者见仁智者见智 反正拿来当普通练习刷还是可以的
关于3题准备
这个网上各种都很多了。。
阅读
记 1。主要内容
2。1st理由
3。2nd理由
听力
记1。观点提出人的性别
2。什么观点(同意/反对)
3。 针对1st理由的同意/反对
4。针对2nd理由的同意/反对
TIP:阅读的两条理由在听力中会被重复 所以阅读时间来不及可以听力的时候再记
回答:看题目要求来
一般是先总结阅读内容 The school made an announcement that...../ in the proposal, there is a student suggesting that....
然后说学生意见 the ... in the conversation agreed/disagreed with ...because....1st reason 2nd reason
关于4题准备
这道题一般来说是大家最头疼的题目。。
因为阅读很抽象 题目很多时候两个单词都看不懂 更多时候是看懂了也不知道在说什么。。
呵呵呵呵呵呵
这道题记住一个原则
阅读的抽象概念 和 听力的具体事例 是一一对应的
就是说
如果阅读说 reference group是指一帮子人 我们很崇拜他们 所以他们干嘛 我们就会去学他们干嘛
听力中必然会出现 具体的一帮子人 我们绝对会崇拜他们 他们绝对会做一些具体的事情 我们绝对会去学他们做这些事情
听力中除了以上和阅读相关的,其他的信息不用听不用记
回答:题目会要求用听力中的例子解释阅读定义
in the lecture, the professor.....
然后 原则是 听力中请出现阅读关键词
比如这道题 说完听力中出现具体的一帮子人我们很崇拜他们以后 要说therefore, they became his REFERENCE GROUP。
目的是让rater知道 你是真的听懂了 听力和阅读之间的联系
乃们明白了吗
第四第六题其实是最简单最有套路的
刷提到最后你们会爱上这两道题的
关于5题准备
听
1。问题
问题的组成大多情况下遵循这个原则
期望BUT现实 且两者之间有巨大的矛盾
比如想去音乐会(期望) BUT 那个时间有AUDITION(现实)
2。两个SOLUTION
回答:
总结问题 说清楚solution(不需理由) 然后说你选哪个为什么
其实后半部分就是第二题的微缩版本 答题技巧请参照1,2题答题技巧
关于6题准备
呵呵呵呵仿佛又看到了学生痛苦抱头的场景呵呵呵呵呵
以前讲课讲累了就拿46题虐学生呵呵呵呵呵
好开心 >__<
这道题大多数 80%+都是生物题
而且是关于 adaptation 和 survive的生物题
(所以我以前上课会说 如果你真的一点都没听懂 你就往“这个动物要活下去!活下去!”上面说。。)
技巧:上来三句话一定是废话 三句之后出现重点
重点=第四题概念
也就是同样的技巧 抓关键词 接下啦每一个例子都跟关键词对应
就拿日本7月6号的题来讲
河里面的生物 有adaptation 所以可以不被水流冲走活下去
okay接下啦你需要听 是哪个生物 有什么adaptation 怎么不被水冲走
于是出现了第一个larva 它有个Hook可以勾住河床 所以冲不走
第二个(名字忘了) 它没有鱼漂 所以不会float
以上。
简单吧。。。
tip:动物名字如果真的记不下来可以记首字母 因为后面问题里面会出现这两只的名字 照着念就好了
如果是实验题 同样听三句话以后的关键句
然后根据关键句 记关键信息
3,4,5,6请刷TPO
1-32套我目前为止还没碰到过刷完的学霸
以上。
教程来了:
首先请看完OG
里面有加试是否算分;题目描述;学生答案;学生答案评析;打分标准。。
所有的一切都以OG为准!!
然后请去找ETS内部的培训教材Benchmark responses和annotations
里面有每一个分数的学生回答以及评论
通过这个结合打分标准(score rubrics)请认真分析清楚哪些是采分点!!
这时候估计大概的框架可以出来了
然后去找TPO
一个个验证你的框架
每一个自己回答 录音 然后打分 对照打分标准 再打分 再改善框架
好了我言简意赅 就这三个材料 全是ETS的
请好好备课对得起学生
pdf版文章下载:影子跟读法:提高口语的最佳方法.pdf_免费高速下载
我建议的操练材料:ESl Podcast 精品短文 ESL Podcast 精品短文
相关链接
quora网友回答:Learning English: How do I improve my English speaking skills in a very short time?
Alexander Arguelles维基:en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Arguelles
Dr. Alexander Arguelles的 youtube主页(需翻wall):www.youtube.com/user/ProfASAr
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
【干货】托福口语万能模板
Q1
Personally, I would like to say that my favorite is … And there are a couple of reasons to name. The most important thing is that… What’s more… So that’s why
Q2
Well, in my opinion, I would definitely agree with the point that… The first reason I want to say is that…
More importantly… So, that’s why I choose… for the two reasons listed above Personally speaking, I prefer… for several reasons. I think …is more appropriate for… for several reasons. Firstly, …
Besides, in my experience
Bur probably the most important reason for my preference is that…
In a word, that’s the reason of my preference./ that’s why my preference is… I think it is important to … For one thing, …. By doing… Another thing is the advantage of… As for… I agree that, but unless…, …
Q3
The school has implemented a new policy that… due to…
And the woman/man holds a positive/negative view towards the announcement. The first reason s/he gives is that…
And the second one is based on the fact that…
In the reading material, there is a/an announcement/message/notice/proposal about …The university/college is going to…
In the listening material, two students discuss about the… The man/woman is against/supporting the… He or she feels unhappy/less satisfied about… thinks the… is unfair/inconvenient/unaffordable for the following reasons: Firstly, he thinks/says… Also, he points out that… In addition, in his opinion, …
Q4
In the lecture, the professor mainly talked about the theory that…
To reinforce the theory, the professor gave two reasons/examples in his speech. The first one is that… The other one is that…
And that’s the two reasons/ examples the speaker presented to explain his idea. TYPE 1:
The reading passage: definition n
Listening passage: examples, study, research
模版:
The reading passage gives the definition of…, which is…
In the lecture, the professor goes on to demonstrate it by introducing some researches/examples/ experiments.
The first is…
This research proved that… The second is…
(Additional investigations also showed that) TYPE 2:
The reading passage: the phenomenon / te problem/the process /some functions/some features
Listening passage: research, analysis...
模版:
The reading passage describes the phenomenon / the problem/the process /some functions/some features of…
... is… (定义的内容)
In the listening passage, the professor continues to demonstrates it by introducing some researches /analyses
The first is… The second is… TYPE 3:
The reading passage: a conception held by/the principle/ the application/the cause/the effect
Listening passage: specific aspects
模版:
The reading passage introduces a conception held by/the principle/ the application/the cause/the effect
In the listening passage, the professor describes several specific aspects of… Firstly,… Secondly,…
Q5
(10”problem+17”each solution+10”choice &why) In the conversation, the woman’s problem is that… is having a hard time dealing with the problem that... The man comes up with 2/3 solutions to her problem. offers her 2/3 possible solutions.
At first, he suggests that she do…. However, she’s concerned that… His other recommendation is to…, while in the woman’s opinion …
Besides, the man thinks it is reasonable to…, while the situation is that…
From my point of view, I think the second choice is preferable because…/ for the following reasons:
If it were my choice, I would choose the former/latter one, because…
The woman is trying to decide…/ figure out… what to do with… and her friend makes a couple of suggestions/ recommendations.
He encourages her to…. The advantage of this method is… The other idea i s to…
I think she should go with the second idea because…
Q6
(15”theory+20”each example)
In the lecture, the professor provides two examples to illustrate the theory/phenomenon that…
The first one is that… Another example is that…
And that’s the two examples the professor presented to explain the theory/phenomenon.
In the lecture, the professor discusses …in several points/aspects.
Firstly, he points that…. For instance, … Secondly, he mentions that
and he shows some data/research about Finally, he states that
According to the lecture, there are two major criteria for… First, she mentions, and I’m quoting here,…
Point out, present, describe, state, mention, discuss, provide, demonstrate, introduce, give (example)…
托福口语怎么考上不了25?你肯定掉进这几个坑了...
对于中国学生来说,托福四个部分里最难拿高分的就是口语了,听说中国考试的平均分数只有19分左右...可见托福口语真的很蛋疼,不过今天这篇文章给大家分析了托福口语最容易错的点,解决了他们托福25分不是梦。
接下来学霸君还会更加努力给大家带来考试干货、学霸技能、和备考经验的!快来点击标题下方的北美学霸君关注我,么么哒!
如果你也被这样的托福问题所困惑:
1、为什么自己的阅读和听力在老师的指导下和自己勤奋的日夜刷题的题海战术中不断取得自信,但是口语还是无情的在真实的考场中被“虐”?
2、为什么自己在每日的训练中已经能在表述答案时做到流畅自然,但分数还是不能像其它科目一样得到高分?
3、为什么已经每天跑到湖边疯狂地用英文呐喊,老师还是说自己的口语有问题?
想知道问题出在哪里吗?
如果是发音存在问题则需要了解自己哪些音节发得不准,或是在发音技巧上如连读,不完全爆破等多下功夫。机会与自己的小伙伴或是native对话,模仿地道的英文。单纯重复而不对错误进行及时的纠正,只会让自己在通向高分的道路上渐行渐远。
有时候有目的的训练才能使自己的口语不断进步。另外,要着重强调的是中国考生在托福口语中面对问题,已经有思路,但仍存在的表述障碍,或是已经很努力地去练习,但是找不到具体提升方向的三方面:一是表达思想空洞,没有具体的例子和细节支持,二是缺乏连贯性,三是词汇使用不当。
1、表达思想空洞
首先,中国学生在用英语表达的时候,论点有余,但是支持论点的例子和原因显得严重不足,因此,整篇表达听上去十分干涩,不够丰满。
例如,当一个中国学生想要表达他非常喜欢一部电影的时候,他可能会不断地罗列他的论点而无法去挖掘、发展他的观点,他会说“I love this movie, and I think it is amazing. No one loves the movie like I do; it is so good and I think it is the best film in this world.”
这样的表达即使用最漂亮的发音呈现出来也显得苍白无力。甚至有的同学将托福口语题目中常出现的一句话“Use specific details and examples to support your opinion.” 当作一句没用的话,殊不知这正是托福口语考试希望同学们做的,用充分的事实去展开。
一个建议的版本可以是这样的,如果想表达很喜欢Forrest Gump《阿甘正传》这部电影,可以说:
“I love this movie because I can learn something about America's history. For example,I know the lost generation and Watergate scandal through this movie. People living in UnitedStates start doubting the policy of government, and of course, how the Vietnam War affected American people's lives. People want to change their attitudes to the war, and look for their own freedom and democracy. So I can have the opportunity to enrich my knowledge concerning this through this masterpiece.”
这是一部非常“有文化”的电影。导演将美国重要的历史事件默默的安排在阿甘的经历中,通过时代的变迁反映出美国在各个时期的特征和美国年轻人的追求。如果考生可以用“迷失的一代”,“水门事件”,“”来举例,rater马上就明白我喜欢这部电影的原因了,而且通过这些美国人耳熟能详的例子也体现出考生满腹经纶,是一个非常了解美国历史和文化的优秀考生。
再举一例,比如谈到一所好的大学需要具备什么样的特点这道题时,会说“The university has a good library.”或“The university has numerous trees.”就此停止了,而没能有理有据地展开。
正确的表述比如:
“My university has a good library, and it is one of the largest and most valuable research libraries in China. It has about 6 million items in its collection, including over 2 million books and pamphlets and thousands of charts, engravings, manuscripts, map and so forth. The library's half million manuscript collection reflects different aspects of Chinese life and culture. And the library has grown so large that it could no longer be housed in one building. Two more buildings were built to accommodate the ever increasing collection in the library. Also, the library is computerized, so students can research the information or E-book freely when the professor assigns the new homework, which makes the use of the library a pleasant experience.”
要想避免表达思想内容空洞就可以按照上面大学图书馆一例来把自己的想法展开。具体要细化到什么程度还是由考生自己决定,不过强烈建议考生可以根据自己的生活经验和真实的感受(比如真的对自己学校的图书馆)进行客观的评价,而不是在考场中随性的编造例子,毕竟编造的内容是你临时想的,你也不能确定你的创造是否能hold住45秒的答题时间,反而自己真实的感受更容易表达。所以平时对于生活中的素材,或是一些新闻实事合理积累也对话题的展开大有裨益。
2、注意中西方文化差异
还有就是在举例表达时也必须注意中西文化的差异,很多考生在阐述思想时能把中国文化中普遍认同的东西表达出来,却没有能够把中国人为何普遍认同这种东西其背后的原因和条件讲述出来。
因为美国人对其背后的原因和条件一无所知,就很难明白你想表达的思想观点,甚至会认为你所表达的观点是荒.唐的。比如说,一个学生在谈到在中国用什么交通工具最好这一问题时,阐述了这一观点“Only the very wealthy people can afford to buy a car.”为了使美国人真正理解这句话,就必须按下面的方法来交代原因和条件:
The living standard in China is still not very high. The average monthly income per person even in large and affluent cities is about 200 U. S. dollars. This income is just enough to cover the family expenses, without any money left for savings. Furthermore, cars in China are far more expensive than in the United States. The cheapest car in China would be about 10,000 dollars. Very few Chinese people can save enough to purchase a car, not to mention the cost of car maintenance.
从此例可以看出在表达思想时一定要把支持这一观点的事实和条件列出来,即使是众人皆知的原因和条件亦是如此。要避免跨越的思维,造成强逻辑的错误,这是西方人在表达思想时与中国人的不同之处。
在中国,一个人下结论时,如果别人听不懂,往往这个听不懂的人会被看作无知,而下结论的人被认为是有高深学问和深刻语言能力的,这也是我国强调“博学”的体现;而美式思维更强调推理能力,即如何自圆其说。
即有时候我的观点与你所知的观点有些许不同,甚至曾被你认为是错的,但是当你听完我的叙述之后,你发现有道理并被我说服了。有意识的培养自己说理的能力,对于思路的详细扩展有非常积极的影响。
- 成人高考历史高效备考方法2025-09-28
- 托福阅读:细节题如何做2022-12-29
- 超级详细备考托福攻略2022-12-11
- 托福口语黄金备考心得2024-03-05
- 托福口语Task5&Task6备考方法及2023-01-22
- 托福阅读的权威备考资料2025-04-26
- 托福听力备考误区知多少2025-05-25
- 托福阅读备考高分标准2025-08-30
- 托福口语两周备考要点解读2022-12-21
- 托福口语备考7个技巧盘点2023-06-27