托福阅读备考:100个必懂短语

时间:2023年02月12日

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下面是小编整理的托福阅读备考:100个必懂短语,本文共4篇,希望对大家有所帮助。本文原稿由网友“嘉儿千一”提供。

篇1:托福阅读备考:100个必懂短语

托福阅读备考:100个必懂短语

1. a couple of 两三个,几个

Although he thought of the key idea in 1951, the first maser was not completed until a couple of years later.

2. account for 解释

Variations of clay composition and the temperatures at which they are fired account for the differences in texture and appearance.

3. adapt to 使适应于

They have been able to adapt to ecological changes.

4, adorn with sth 用…装饰

Some pots were adorned with incised or stamped decorations.

5.appeal to 吸引

Publishing literature consisting of exciting stories that would appeal to both children and adults

6.apply to 适用于

Ethological theory began to be applied to research on children in the 1960’s.

7.at best 充其量,多

Hunting is at best a precarious way of procuring food, even when the diet is supplemented with seeds and fruits.

8.at intervals 相隔一定距离

However, at intervals of 10 to 100 years, these glaciers move forward up to 100 times faster than usual.

9.at the expense of sth 在损害…的情况下

A multitude of microorganisms make their livings directly at the expense of other creatures.

10.at the height of sth 在…鼎盛时期

The violin had reached the height of its popularity by the middle of the eighteenth century.

11.back and forth 来回地

They then spiral back and forth between the Earth's magnetic poles very rapidly.

12.be absent from 缺席,不在

Lacking the right to vote and absent from the seats of power, women line were not considered an important force in history.

13.be capable of 能…的

Many animals are capable of using objects in the natural environment as rudimentary tools.

14. be characterized by 以…为特征

The nervous system of vertebrates is characterized by a hollow, dorsal nerve cord that ends in the head region as an enlargement, the brain.

15.be composed of 由…组成

Ocean life is primarily composed of plants.

16.be concerned with 与某事物有关

Ethnology is concerned with the study of adaptive, or survival, value of behavior and its Evolutionary history.

17.be distinct from 与…不同

Jupiter and the other giant planets are of a low-density type quite distinct from the terrestrial planets

18.be essential to 对…不可缺少

Public performance is essential to verbal art.

19.be exposed to 使接触,使遭受

Body contact reduces the surface area exposed to the cold air.

20.be far from 离…很远,根本不是

But far from being random, molt is controlled by strong evolutionary forces that have established an optimal time and duration.

21. be hostile to 极不友好的,极厌恶的

Ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans

22.be regarded as 被认为是

Humanity's primal efforts to systematize the concepts of size, shapes, and number are usually regarded as the earliest mathematics.

23.be related to 与…有关的,相联系的

Why is dancing closely related to popular music in the United States?

24. be responsible for 对…负责

In fact, nuclear reactions that convert hydrogen to helium are responsible for most of the energy that stars produce.

25. be sensitive to 对…敏感的

Ants can be extremely sensitive to these signals.

26.be subjected to 经历,遭受

Oil is formed when organic material trapped in sediments is slowly buried and subjected to increased temperatures and pressures, transforming it into petroleum.

27. be superior to 优越于

Natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones

28 .be traced to 找出根源

The ancestry of the piano can be traced to the early keyboard instruments of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.

29. be/become aware of 意识到,认识到

People became aware of the new service by word of mouth or newspaper advertisements.

30. be/become/get accustomed to习惯于

In the harsh environment of northern Europe, Scandinavian women had been accustomed to practicing forms of shifting cultivation, and they immediately understood Native American horticulture.

31. be/become/get involved in 与…有关联的

Two distinct processes are involved in molting.

32.benefit from 从…中受益

Students benefit from schools, which require long hours and homework.

33.break down 分解

All of these forces slowly break down the Earth's exposed rocky crust into smaller and smaller pieces that eventually become clay.

34.by far 到目前为止

Marine sediment is by far the most important environment for the preservation of fossils.

35.by means of 通过,凭借

The topic of the passage is developed primarily by means of Adividing the discussion into two major areas.

36.by virtue of 由于

Many are uninhabitable, by virtue of their small size and particular characteristics

37.confine to 限制在一定范围之内

The delivery service was at first confined to cities.

38.conform to 符合

Parks should be designed to conform to the topography of the area

39.contribute to 有贡献,有助于

Transportation contributed to the development and maintenance of trade.

40.cope with 对付

Under certain circumstance the human body must cope with gases at greater-than-normal atmospheric pressure.

41.date back to 始于

In the United States, rent controls date back to at least World War II.

42. depend on 依靠

The gulls depend on the falcons for protection.

43. deprive sb/sth of sth 剥夺..某事物

Plant stems die when deprived of water.

44.derive from 获得,起源于

Babies obviously derive pleasure from sound input.

45.due to 由于,因为

Due to their dense structure, iron meteorites have the best chance of surviving an impact, and most are found by farmers plowing their fields.

46. evolve from/out of 从...进化来,从…发展来

The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual.

47.extract from 提取

It turns out that some fossils can be extracted from these sediments by putting the rocks in an acid bath.

48.feed on 以…为食物

Predators are animals that capture and feed on other animals.

49.focus on 集中(注意力)于

They focus on the meaning of their parents' words.

50. get rid of 处理掉

Atoms or molecules get rid of excess energy by themselves, without any outside intervention.

51.give access to 向…开放

To connect the pueblos and to give access to the surrounding tableland, the architects laid out a system of public roads with stone staircases for ascending cliff faces.

52.give birth to 使诞生,引起

Most insects lay eggs, but some give birth to live young.

53.give off 发散,发出

If Jupiter were larger, it would give off much less heat.

54.give rise to 引起,导致

The musical Renaissance was too short to give rise to a new musical style.

55.go beyond 超过,越过

An interviewer can go beyond written questions and probe for a subject's underlying feelings and reasons.

56.go out of business 停业,关门

The shop went out of business.

57.have nothing to do with 与…无关

A species’ survival may have nothing to do with its ability or inability to adapt.

58.impart to 传授给

They functioned as sanctuaries where the elders impart tribal lore to the younger generation.

59.impose on 强加于

New regulations were imposed on nontraditional education.

60.in common 共同

No two comets ever look identical, but they have basic features in common.

61.in favor of 赞同,支持

The artist was in favor of a traditional style of painting.

62.in quantity 大量,大批

There were also a number of poor-quality figurines and painted pots produced in quantity by easy, inexpensive means.

63.in season 当季

Before the mid-nineteenth century, people in the United States ate most foods only in season.

64.in spite of 尽管,任凭

In spite of problems with their condition, restoration, and preservation many panel paintings have survived.

65.in the absence of 在缺乏…的情况下

The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities.

66.in view of 由于

In view of the rate at which the radio sources emit energy, they should disappear in a few million years.

67.instead of 代替

Instead of working with light, however, he worked with microwaves.

68.invest in 投资

He started to invest in the town’s cultural development.

69.lead to 导致,引起

In fact, there is wide agreement that it is the rate of change humans are inflicting, even more than the changes themselves that will lead to biological devastation.

70.leave out 排除

Explanations of animal behavior that leave out any sort of consciousness at all and ascribe actions entirely to instinct leave many questions unanswered.

71.off the mark 不正确

This analogy is not far off the mark.

72.on behalf of 代表

Satire serves to prod people into an awareness of truth though rarely to any action on behalf of truth.

73. on the basis of 在…的基础上

Antoine Lavisher, on the basis of careful experimentation, was led to propose a different theory of burning

74.owing to 由于,因为

Marine sediment is by far the most important environment for the preservation of fossils, owing to the incredible richness of marine life.

75.perceive sth as sth 认为

Although art deco in its many forms was largely perceived as thoroughly modern, it was strongly influenced by the decorative arts movements that immediately preceded it.

76.pick up 学会

Adults make it as easy as they can for babies to pick up a language by exaggerating such cues.

77.put off 推迟

Some tasks could not be done in the winter, other had to be put off during harvest time.

78.regardless of 不顾

Ultimately, literature is aesthetically valued, regardless of language, culture, or mode of presentation.

79.result from 因..而产生

Most functions result from the needs of the local area and of the surrounding.

80.result in 结果,导致

The upward movement of fieldstones should result in pure soil.

81.set about 开始,动手

African American artists of this period set about creating a new portrayal of themselves and their lives in the United States.

82. set aside 留下将来用

Certain parts of town were restricted to residential use, while others were set aside for industrial or commercial development.

83.so far 到目前为止

The Paris Exhibition of 1889 included both the widest span and the greatest height achieved so far.

84.sort out 把…分类

Clay particles are sorted out by size and weight.

85.spring up 涌现

In the early colonial day in North America, small cities sprang up along the Atlantic Coastline.

86.stem from 起源于

It can be argued that much of New York City’s importance stems from its early and continuing advantage of situation.

87.stretch out 伸展,伸出

The residues from these explosions left huge black marks on the face of Jupiter, some of which have stretched out to form dark ribbons.

88.strive for 为…而奋斗

As they began to strive for social and cultural independence,their attitudes toward themselves changed.

89.take account of sth./take sth into account 考虑到

Artists are recognizing the distinction between public and private spaces, and taking that into account when executing their public commissions.

90.take advantage of 利用

Many families could take advantage of previously unavailable fruits, vegetables, and dairy products to achieve more varied fare.

91.thanks to 由于

kiwis smell out earthworms thanks to nostrils located at the tip of their beaks.

92.to some extent 某种程度上

Their attitudes toward themselves changed, and, to some extent, other segments of American society began to change their attitudes toward them.

93.turn out 结果是,证明是

Some potash was exported from Maine and New Hampshire in the seventeenth century, but the market turned out to be mainly domestic.

94.usher in 宣告…的来临

Autumn could be ushered in by severe frost.

95. wear away 磨损

Natural forces wear away the Earth's crust

96.wipe out 消灭,肃清

Entire crops can be wiped out by fungal attacks both before and after harvesting.

97.with respect to 在…方面

The year 1850 may be considered the beginning of a new epoch in America art, with respect to the development of watercolor painting.

98. with the advent of 随着…的出现

With the advent of high-resolution radio interferometers during the late 1970's, part of the answer became clear.

99.with the aid of 借助于

It is now taught with the aid of computers.

100.with the exception of 除..以外

With the exception of printing patterns directly onto the cloth, whether by block, roller, or screen, all of these are based on dyeing; that is, the immersion of the fabric in a dye bath.

篇2:100个托福写作短语

81. 相反 in contrast / on the contrary.

82.代替 replace/ substitute / take the place of

83.经不起推敲 cannot bear closer analysis / cannot hold water

84.提供就业机会 offer job opportunities

85. 社会进步的反映 mirror of social progress

86.毫无疑问 Undoubtedly, / There is no doubt that…

87.增进相互了解 enhance/ promote mutual understanding

88.充分利用 make full use of / take advantage of

89.承受更大的工作压力 suffer from heavier work pressure

90.保障社会的稳定和繁荣 guarantee the stability and prosperity of our society

91.更多地强调 put more emphasis on…

92.适应社会发展 adapt oneself to the development of society

93.实现梦想 realize one’s dream/ make one’s dream come true

94. 主要理由列举如下 The main reasons are listed as follows:

95. 首先 First, Firstly, In the first place, To begin with

96.其次 Second, Secondly, In the second place

97. 再次 Besides,In addition, Additionally, Moreover, Furthermore

98. 最后 Finally, Last but not the least, Above all, Lastly,

99. 总而言之 All in all, To sum up, In summary, In a word,

100.我们还有很长的路要走 We still have a long way to go.

篇3:托福阅读备考重点

托福阅读考试的要求

阅读:合理分配时间

此次新托福阅读考试中共有三篇文章,文章的长度700 字左右,与ETS 出版的官方指南中所做的介绍完全吻合。虽然文章比较长,但结构工整。在阅读过程中,需要仔细阅读文章的首段,因为文章重点信息有较集中的体现。

此次考试需要注意以下两点。第一是考试时间:此次阅读考试中的三篇文章在时间要求上被分成两个部分,一个部分由第一篇文章构成,要求在20分钟之内完成14道题目。第二个部分包含两篇文章,要求在40分钟之内完成28道题目,即阅读考试并非把60分钟作为一个整体使用,而应该根据要求先用20分钟回答第一篇文章的问题,然后用40分钟完成余下的两篇文章的问题。时间分配上估计参照了雅思作文考试。这点在官方指南中没有介绍。

尽管阅读部分的考试界面上有Back键,但是完成第一个部分后,进入第二个部分的两篇文章时,无法再回到第一部分的那篇文章。第二点是此次阅读部分的考试当中出现了新题型:三篇文章的最后一道题目都是6 选1 的题型。它由三道小题组成,每个小题目选出一个答案,所以事实上是选了三个答案。

攻克TOEFL阅读之我见:阅读有5大BT特点

虽然11T已经结束了,我的成绩估计在630以上,平时模考都在660左右,我总结了一下攻克TOEFL各个部分的方法。 以下资料均出自于网络和我的个人体会 老T攻克打法之阅读篇 TOEFL阅读5大BT特点 BT之1、时间紧——5篇阅读。。55分钟。。每篇8 --- 11 题不等。。思考时间几乎为0。 BT之2、类型杂——一般是选自科普类型报纸、课本、学术期刊。造成内容比较杂乱深刻,理解相当困难。 BT之3、生词多——词汇题的比例较大。背诵以往词对的帮助似乎不大,造成高分困难。 BT之4、细节散——细节题的数量很多。例如:EXCEPT。此类型题需要挨个选项思考。最费时间的一类题。 BT之5、主题深——原来被传授的首段首句主题已经不灵光了。。大多文章需要自己归纳。 BT1 时间紧——加快阅读速度,要进行大量的泛读(也可以黄皮教材的文章,根据类型选自己喜欢的文章读上7,8遍),这样提高阅读速度+提高语感,我一般读完一篇文章只需2~3分钟左右,一般前两篇文章都比较难,建议大家从第三篇开始做,如果这篇文章的题较少,有可能比较难,要小心一点。 BT2 类型杂——的黄皮已经包括了所有的出题范围,我做了一个阅读分类,大家可以看一下。 BT3 生词多——两种方法阅读文章精读和背词汇书,推荐用王玉梅的新版TOEFL词汇,我这两种方法都用过,建议用阅读文章精读这种方法,推荐hank老师的笔记。 大家可以先过一下词汇书,再做笔记,做笔记的时候,看到认识的词看自己能想起几个意思,几个同义词,反义词,派生词。 BT4 细节散——阅读速度上来可解决此问题。。合理的做题顺序是一大法宝。 (下面详解)。 BT5 主题深——加强母语文章训练。利用技巧。抓住梗概。 TOEFL阅读法 第一步,扫读题干,掌握大致题目。由主题题参考出文章大致内容。标识题干关键词。 第二步,先快速阅读一下文章。 第三步,开始做题,找细节,expect题和infer题和主题题有可能要放到最后做,现在有些词汇题已经不是一眼就可以看出来的,expect题有可能细节太散了,搞不要,一个在第一段,还有两个在第三段,infer题分两种,一种是局部的,一种是要根据整篇文章来推断的,主题题大家都知道了,就不用说了。 第三步,通过其他题目的完成,你已经掌握了文章的TOPIC。请完成主题题。 第四步,可做可不做——检查。 我认为中国学生无法准确快速的抓出文章中心的主要原因是逻辑和句子复杂性的分析,只要攻克了这两点,又有一定的词汇量,我们不需要技巧照样能做题。 最有讲一下资料:真题,阅读笔记电子书,hank阅读笔记,toefl词汇,考g的直接背gre吧,我现在就在背呢。时间多的做一下机考的阅读,当模考用,有好处。

托福阅读文章的具体技巧

为了帮助大家高效备考托福,新东方在线托福频道为大家带来托福阅读文章的具体技巧,希望对大家托福备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线托福频道!

(1)概括地观察 Survey

首先略读每章或每页的大概内容,例如:可从书本的序言和目录开始,通常作者会在序言中交代撰述的重点及动机,而目录则可帮助你了解课本的组织架构及章节层次;阅读课文的名称 title,主题 main

headings 及副题 sub-headings;注意每一主题的头一句,导言 introduction 和本章提要 summary(如果有的话),图片说明 captions to all graphics 等,这样,你不用十五分钟便对内容有概略的了解。

(2)提出一个全面的问题 Write a general question

观察课文内容后,提出一个包含所有阅读数据的问题,把问题写在每章节的开首,令自己可以看到此问题时,便忆起全部内容。

(3)提出各别问题来引导阅读 Write questions to guide your reading

当你看到主题、副题、图片及首句时,由此而提出有关问题,写在题目或图片旁边,帮助你阅读文章内容。

(4)寻求问题的答案 Read to answer the questions

阅读章节时,尽量跟随你的问题来找答案,把握课文重点。

(5)在答案下划线 Underline words that answer the question

在了解一段内容后,找出解答问题的重要字key words及短语phrases,并划记下来。在划记时可选用荧光笔,既方便又快捷。

(6)修正问题 Revise the questions

如果在阅读时,发现问题并未得到解答或不明确,可重新写下问题,并将有关答案的字词划记。再重读文章,遇到不明白的地方,再请教导师或同学。

(7)举一反三 Use examples

当你理解全文时,便可将知识整理起来,同时,学习类推的方法,将知识应用于其它类似事情或日常生活上,利用联带关系,才能把文章内容融会贯通,大大提高你的阅读兴趣和能力。例如:当银行利率提高时,会使银行的存款利息增加,而你可能会联想到投资受影响,或是你会类推更多其它事项。

如何搞定托福阅读?

材料选择

考生在练习时,可以选择英语原版的资料,比如《福尔摩斯》、《暮光之城》等,也可以选择学术性强的资料,如《经济学人》、美国科学文摘等。为了能够把握托福阅读考试,建议考生把重点放在练习题阅读文章以及老托福阅读文章之上。考生在使用文章时,要从词、句、文章上从材料中获取相关信息。

练习重点

考生练习的目的在于学会理解文章,所以考生文章练习要把握好这一重点。理解文章分为四个层面,也就是词汇、句子、段落和文章,为了不在词汇理解上遇到障碍或者出现偏差。考生应该在阅读前应该通过构词法大量记忆词汇,在词汇达到一定水平时,对托福阅读中的学术词分类熟悉,对核心词进行整理巩固;在句子理解时,考生需要对语法知识进行补充,了解托福阅读长难句常见类型,学会分析长难句的方法;对于段落,考生要注意把握段落中的重点和次重点,把握段落结构;文章的整体把握建立在对词汇、句子和段落的把握之上,但是考生也要对文章的一般类型、特点进行熟悉。

练习方法

托福阅读文章练习方法主要有精读和略读两种。精读是指考生要读到文章中的所有内容,包括具体到词汇的细节,考生要理解文章中的每个句子,能够流畅地翻译全文甚至复述内容,在实际练习时,考生要分析每个词汇的含义,把握每个句子的含义,总结段落、文章的大意,精读是为了使考生在练习时有所收获,能够不断攻克不熟悉的知识点;略读和精读是相反的概念,考生的略读练习是为了在限定时间内抓住文章重点,所以考生阅读时,重点把握托福阅读段落关键句和段落间关系,略过例子、解释等细节。当然,考生也要学会精读和略读的方法结合,针对不同内容采用不同阅读方法。

托福阅读备考重点

明明平时看英文文章没有问题,一看托福阅读就好似天书?托福阅读虽然被很多人吐槽难度大、跨度高,但是阅读却是最快的涨分项。

托福虐我千万遍,我待托福如初恋!托福阅读该怎么备考,需要从哪些方面着手? 今天带大家一起来聊一聊托福阅读备考关键点,希望能帮助各位小伙伴!

我们在做托福阅读的过程当中,其实是三条流同时向前进发:

第一条流:长难句流。

第二条流:单词流。

第三条流:句子意思流。

其实我们在做阅读的过程当中,主要限制我们阅读速度和理解速度的,就是这3条流。在这三条路当中的每一条流,都涉及到两个方向,第一个方向是准确率,第二个方向是速度。

因此,在练习托福阅读的时候,每一条流我们都有两个练习的方向,在练习的过程当中,首先涉及的就是要涉及到一个取舍的问题,我们主要练习的应该是先练习准确率呢,还是先练习速度呢?

答案其实非常的明确:先保证准确率的情况下,让自己的速度越来越快。

原因非常的简单,因为哪怕我们用非常短的时间,把这些题全都做完,但是如果错误率非常高的话,那么很显然,这个分数也不会高。我们要的应该是在规定的时间内把题做完,并且有一个很高的正确率,只有这样才能拿到很好的分数。

因此在准备托福阅读的过程当中,第一件事情要做的,就是要分别搞定长难句和单词。而长难句和单词最先要搞定的,也是正确率,因此在练习的过程当中,首先练习的方向就应该是将单词和长难句拆解开来,分别来进行训练。

一、词汇量的增加

如果考生想要提高自己的阅读做题速度,那么首要任务就是积累单词量,掌握一些高频单词的词义、语法以及运用。

对于托福考试来说,阅读每篇大概有700个单词。而且其中有很多学术类词汇,也就是我们日常生活中比较少见到的词汇。由此可知,托福阅读对中国考生的词汇量、语法难度的要求是非常高的。因此考生在学习过程中对那些最容易在托福阅读文章里出现的高频词汇一定要多做归纳整理,然后对这些单词加以熟练运用、掌握。

二、长难句的分析

长难句的分析依赖于学生的语法知识和对于句子主干的提取。通过掌握语法知识、复杂句型和英语语句的结构等来提高自己的分析能力。

大家在做托福阅读的过程中应该可以感觉到英语语法内容知识点的重要性。想要从容应对这些托福阅读,最关键的是对文章内容的句子结构分析。提升句子结构,就是指将主谓宾结构部分和定状补修饰成分准确把握。

三、灵活掌握阅读方法

精读与意群阅读

托福阅读中精读就是把句子中的每一个词认真的读一遍,从而理解整段话的全部内容以及句子间的逻辑关系。在阅读理解中长难句的理解上会出现花费时间长来理解,但是能够精准的掌握整个句子在文章中的影响,这就是阅读精读。

意群阅读是在阅读过程中准确的获取信息,准确把握信息即可,所以想在比较短的时间内获得足够的信息,意群阅读是很合适的方法。意群阅读的方法与精读不同不用把注意力放在每一个单词上,而意群阅读是以词组、固定搭配和完整词意为单位的阅读,只要掌握该句所表达的含义即可。

综上所述,托福阅读要想拿高分,词汇量是基础,掌握各种长难句、英语语句结构是关键,加快阅读和分析速度是核心。

篇4:托福阅读备考陋习

有些考生文章根本不看文章大意,直接做题。这种方法相当于瞎子摸象,对文章只有局部的感觉,整个文章的概念无法获得。要提醒考生的是,近年考试中针对整个文章提问的题量有所增加。所以,这种不了解文章大意直接做题的方法是不可取的,建议先看扫读文章或者看一下文章段落首句。

以上是小站君为大家整理的托福阅读备考陋习,希望大家再备考的过程中能够多加注意,不要范这些错误。托福阅读考试时间非常紧张,建议大家先看题目,然后带着问题找答案,平时如果做纸质版练习的话,不养养成做标记的坏习惯。最后,小站君预祝大家取得理想的托福成绩。

托福阅读如何抓住文章主旨

(1)Topic 话题:即文章的主角是什么。比如讲解某个科学理论、研究某种社会现象,探讨某个历史事件;

在托福文章中,这种导入性信息往往出现在篇首位置。考生可以根据篇首段信息对整篇文章所要讨论的核心内容有所了解。

(2)Aspects 方面:即将篇首的话题延伸拓展为若干个方面进行阐述说明。若话题为某个科学论点,则方面可能分为若干个支持论据;若话题为某种自然现象,则方面可能分为若干个内外成因;若话题为某个历史事件,则方面为几段发展时期;

在这种托福阅读题材中,往往依照各个方面之间的层次关系,将各个方面拆分为若干个独立的自然段落,共同组成行文主体。

(3)Attitude态度:即文章的作者对于所讨论话题持怎样的态度。或是积极肯定,或是消极否定,或是保持中立。

在托福阅读文章中,态度往往是被较多的淡化甚至有可能省略不提。

Topic话题 + Aspects方面 + Attitude态度,这三要素加起来就是标准学术论文体的“T+A+A篇章结构”。托福文章大都遵循这种结构,考生通过篇首段落信息来把控整个文章话题及大致讨论方向,再抓住文章的各个段落主旨,便可洞悉整个文章脉络和逻辑结构。

加快托福阅读速度的四步骤 首段第一句很重要

快速的技巧在于每一段的第一句。想想,考试中的每篇文章都是经过千锤百炼的,而好的文章都有一个很好的思路,这种思路经常体现在文章段落的第一句。所以,从理论上来说,你只需阅读文章每个段落的第一句,而不必顾及段落的其他内容。既然,考试不以你对文章的理解计分(而是以你答案对错计分),你没有理由去关注那些对你答题没有帮助的内容。

只读文章段落中的第一句,你就可以对作者的思路有一个大致的把握。这样可以帮你节约时间,而将更多的时间花在回答问题上。

攻克的4步法

前面我们告诉你如何处理阅读理解文章的6个策略和阅读理解的3种题型,现在我们告诉你在做阅读题时该如何运用这些策略和技巧:

1、解剖文章的第1段;

2、在脑子里面形成一个作者思路图;

3、停下来,总结一下文章大意;

4、开始答题。

解剖文章的第1段

积极主动地解读文章的第1段,时尽量记住作者提出的问题(现象或观点),和一些与文章内容相关的概念和词汇,如这篇文章讲的是印第安人风俗,光电子显像镜还是讽刺文学。文章的论题是什么,作者想说什么?

在脑子里面形成一个作者思路图

在脑子里或者在草稿纸上画一个文章的结构思路题。各个段落的目的是什么,主题又是什么?再次提醒,TOEFL考察的是你的答题能力而非阅读能力。你不必完全掌握整篇文章,了解文章中的每一个细节。(其实,你也没有那么多时间)。相反,你应该只读文章段落的第1句,而快速浏览其余部分。当你“读”完这篇文章时,你就能对文章的结构思路有总体的把握。

停下来,总结一下文章大意

在回答问题前,花几秒钟总结一下文章的思路和主题。

开始答题

根据你对文章的整体思路来答题。将问题(或选项)定位到文章中具体的某个段落甚至具体的句子。这里,你可以比第2个步骤更仔细。

托福阅读中的五种题型

(1)主旨题。主旨题有三种:A、作者的意图;B、文章标题;C、文章的中心思想。这种题一般为第一道题,建议考生把这道题放在最后做,因为做其他题时,考生会逐步了解文章的各个细节,在做题的过程中就会对文章个总的理解,最后处理主旨题可谓水到渠成、万无一失。

(2)列举题。列举题有两种:A、一正三误;B、三正误。也可分为四类。第一类:一句话列举。根据某个选项的语言提示,回归文章找到一句话,这句话包含三个选项的内容;第二类:局部列举。根据题意,回归文章发现连续两三句话涉及三个选项的内容;第三类:段落列举。题干语言在某自然段首句重现。这个句子为段落主题句,即三个选项的内容在这段出现,不涉及到其他段落;第四类:文章列举。选项内容涉及整个文章。一句话列举题和段落列举题有明显的信号词帮助答题,根据题序做题,不必区别对待。文章列举题和局部列举题则应放其他题做完之后再处理。

(3)文章结论题。文章结论题即根据文章可以推断出下面哪个选项结论是正确的,题干没有任何语言信号词。这种题有以下几种布局:为文章第一道题时,相当于文章主旨题,应放在最后一道题时,有可能针对文章最后部分,也有可能针对整篇文章,但不大可能涉及文章其他部分的细节。所以文章结论题应该具体情况具体分析,并不一定是面对整个文章。

(4)作者态度题。作者态度题分为两种:A、局部作者态度题;B、整体作者态度题。文章最后一道题问及作者态度时为整体作者态度题,它涉及通篇文章,要根据整个文章数个语言点串起来的一根主线答题,也就是作者行文的口气。考生千万不可以根据某一个语言点答题,因为整体作者态度题不是考核某一个点,而是考整体感觉。局部作者态度题位置比较灵活,往往问及作者对文章中某一个具体内容的看法,题干通常信号请将考生带回文章某一区域,考查考生对某个语言点的理解。有时候,某个选项从作者的表达相悖,因此,做作者态度题时,考生一定注意不要把自己作为读者的分析、观点强加于作者。

(5)文章想方设法题。文章结构题三种:A、文章前面的段落内容是什么?B、文章下面接着将要讲什么?C、文章组织结构是什么?推断文章前面的内容立足于文章首句,因为文章首句承上启下,尤其注意首句中诸如this、so、other than之类的结构词。预测下文的内容则分两步走:第一、读文章每段首句,文章每段首句表示文章内容的逻辑走向。如果文章讲述某一事物的两个阶段或方面,下文将介绍这一事物的第三个阶段或方面。我们把预测下文内容的题称之为坐标题,即竖看文章每段首句,横看文章最后一句,其他句子是文章所讲内容,而不是下面将要讲的内容,往往选项干扰来自文章所讲内容。至于文章的组织结构题,只需要读文章每段首句即可,因为这些句子是文章框架。

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