GRE写作立论驳论文提分心得

时间：2023年02月16日

来源：无拘无束r粽子

编辑：本站小编

以下是小编收集整理的GRE写作立论驳论文提分心得，本文共8篇，仅供参考，希望对大家有所帮助。本文原稿由网友“无拘无束r粽子”提供。

篇1：GRE写作立论驳论文提分心得

Six?months?ago?the?region?of?Forestville?increased?the?speed?limit?for?vehicles?traveling?on?the?region's?highways?by?ten?miles?per?hour.??Since?that?change?took?effect,?the?number?of?automobile?accidents?in?that?region?has?increased?by?15?percent.??But?the?speed?limit?in?Elmsford,?a?region?neighboring?Forestville,?remained?unchanged,?and?automobile?accidents?declined?slightly?during?the?same?six-month?period.??Therefore,?if?the?citizens?of?Forestville?want?to?reduce?the?number?of?automobile?accidents?on?the?region's?highways,?they?should?campaign?to?reduce?Forestville's?speed?limit?to?what?it?was?before?the?increase.??

At?first?look,?this?seems?to?be?a?very?well?presented?arguement.??A?logical?path?is?followed?throughout?the?paragraph?and?the?conclusion?is?expected.??However,?upon?a?second?consideration,?it?is?apparent?that?all?possibilities?were?not?considered?when?the?author?presented?his?conclusion?(or?at?least?that?s/he?did?not?present?all?of?the?possibilities).?There?are?numerous?potential?explanations?for?why?the?number?of?accidents?in?Elmsford?decreased?while?the?number?in?Forestville?increased.??Although?it?seems?logical?to?assume?that?the?difference?in?the?percentage?of?accidents?was?due?to?the?difference?in?whether?or?not?the?speed?limit?had?been?increased?during?the?specified?month,?this?does?not?necessarily?mean?that?the?speed?limit?should?be?reduced?back?to?what?it?originally?was?in?Forestville.??The?author?does?not?state?two?specific?pieces?of?information?that?are?important?before?a?conclusion?such?as?the?one?the?author?made?is?sound.??The?first?is?that?it?is?not?expressed?whether?the?speed?limits?in?the?two?neighboring?regions?had?had?the?same?speed?limit?before?Forestville's?speed?limit?had?been?increased.??If?they?had?originally?been?the?same,?then?it?is?reasonable?to?conclude?that?Forestville's?speed?limit?should?be?reduced?back?to?what?it?was?before?the?increase.??However,?if?the?two?region's?speed?limits?were?initially?different,?then?such?a?conclusion?can?not?be?made.??The?second?piece?of?information?that?is?necessary?for?the?present?argument?is?the?relative?number?of?accidents?in?each?of?the?areas?prior?to?the?increase?in?speed?limit.??For?the?author?to?make?the?presented?conclusion,?the?number?of?accidents?should?have?been?approximately?equal?prior?to?the?increase?in?the?speed?limit?in?Forestville.??If?the?two?missing?pieces?of?information?had?been?presented?and?were?in?the?author's?favor,?then?the?conclusion?that?the?author?made?would?have?been?much?more?sound?than?it?currently?is.??In?conclusion,?the?argument?is?not?entirely?well?reasoned,?but?given?the?information?that?was?expressed?in?the?paragraph,?it?was?presented?well,?and?in?a?logical?order.?Comments:?

This?competent?critique?claims?that?there?are?“numerous?potential?explanations?for?why?the?number?of?accidents?in?Elmsford?decreased?while?the?number?in?Forestville?increased.”??However,?the?author discusses?only?two?points:??

--?whether?the?speed?limits?in?the?two?regions?were?originally?the?same;????and?

--?the?number?of?accidents?in?each?region?prior?to?Forestville's????raising?the?speed?limit.??

Although?the?response?appears?at?first?to?be?well?developed,?there?is?much?less?analysis?here?than?the?length?would?suggest.??The?first?third?and?last?third?of?the?essay?are?relatively?insubstantial,?consisting?mainly?of?general?summary?statements?(e.g.,?“A?logical?path????conclusion?is?expected”?and?“If?the?two????more?sound?than?it?currently?is”).??The?real?heart?of?the?critique?consists?of?minimal?development?of?the?two?points?mentioned?above.??Therefore,?although?two?important?features?of?the?argument?are?analyzed?and?the?writer?handles?language?and?syntax?adequately,?the?lack?of?substantial?development?keeps?this?critique?from?earning?a?score?higher?than?4.

篇2：GRE写作立论驳论文提分心得

The?agrument?is?well-presented,?but?not?thoroughly?well-reasoned.??By?making?a?comparison?of?the?region?of?Forestville,?the?town?with?the?higher?speed?limit?and?therefore?automobile?accidents,?with?the?region?of?Elmsford,?an?area?of?a?lower?speed?limit?and?subsequently?fewer?accidents,?the?argument?for?reducing?Forestville's?speed?limits?in?order?to?decrease?accidents?seems?logical.??

However,?the?citizens?of?Forestville?are?failing?to?consider?other?possible?alternatives?to?the?increasing?car?accidents?after?the?raise?in?speed?limit.??Such?alternatives?may?include?the?fact?that?there?are?less?reliable?cars?traveling?the?roads?in?Forestville,?or?that?the?age?bracket?of?those?in?Elmsford?may?be?more?conducive?to?driving?safely.??It?is?possible?that?there?are?more?younger,?inexperienced,?or?more?elderly,?unsafe?drivers?in?Forestville?than?there?are?in?Elmsford.??In?addition,?the?citizens?have?failed?to?consider?the?geographical?and?physical?terrain?of?the?two?different?areas.??Perhaps?Forestville's?highway?is?in?an?area?of?more?dangerous?curves,?sharp?turns,?or?has?many?intersections?or?merging?points?where?accidents?are?more?likely?to?occur.??It?appears?reasonable,?therefore,?for?the?citizens?to?focus?on?these?trouble?spots?than?to?reduce?the?speed?in?the?entire?area.??Elmsford?may?be?an?area?of?easier?driving?conditions?where?accidents?are?less?likely?to?occur?regardless?of?the?speed?limit.??

A?six-month?period?is?not?a?particularly?long?time?frame?for?the?citizens?to?determine?that?speed?limit?has?influenced?the?number?of?automobile?accidents?in?the?area.??It?is?mentioned?in?the?argument?that?Elmsford?accidents?decreased?during?the?time?period.??This?may?have?been?a?time,?such?as?during?harsh weather?conditions,?when?less?people?were?driving?on?the?road?and?therefore?the?number?of?accidents?decreased.??However,?Forestville?citizens,?perhaps?coerced?by?employment?or?other?requirements,?were?unable?to?avoid?driving?on?the?roads.??Again,?the?demographics?of?the?population?are?important.??It?is?possible?that?Elmsford?citizens?do?not?have?to?travel?far?from?work?or?work?from?their?home,?or?do?not?work?at?all.??Are?there?more?people?in?Forestville?than?there?were?sic?months?ago???If?so,?there?may?be?an?increased?number?of?accidents?due?to?more?automobiles?on?the?road,?and?not?due?to?the?increased?speed?limits.??Also?in?reference?to?the?activities?of?the?population,?it?is?possible?that?Forestville?inhabitants?were?traveling?during?less?safe?times?of?the?day,?such?as?early?in?the?morning,?or?during?twilight.??Work?or?family?habits?may?have?encouraged?citizens?to?drive?during?this?time?when?Elmsford?residents?may?not?have?been?forced?to?do?so.??

Overall,?the?reasoning?behind?decreasing?Forestville's?speed?limit?back?to?its?original?seems?logical?as?presented?above?since?the?citizens?are?acting?in?their?own?best?interests?and?want?to?protect?their?safety.??However,?before?any?final?decisions?are?made?about?the?reduction?in?speed?limit,?the?citizens?and?officials?of?Forestville?should?evaluate?all?possible?alternatives?and?causes?for?the?increased?number?of?accidents?over?the?six-month?period?as?compared?to?Elmsford.?Comments:?

This?outstanding?response?begins?by?noting?that?the?argument?is?“well?presented.”??It?then?proceeds?to?discuss?possible?alternative?explanations?for?the?increase?in?car?accidents?and?provides?an?impressively?full?analysis.??Alternatives?mentioned?are?that???

--?the?two?regions?might?have?drivers?of?different?ages?and?experience;?--?Forestville's?topography,?geography,?cars,?and/or?roads?might????contribute?to?accidents;?

--?six?months?might?be?an?insufficient?amount?of?time?for?determining????that?the?speed?limit?is?linked?to?the?accident?rate;?--?demographics?might?play?a?role?in?auto?accidents;?--?population?and?auto?density?should?be?considered;?and?

--?the?times?of?day?when?drivers?in?the?two?regions?travel?might?be?relevant.??

The?points?are?cogently?developed?and?are?linked?in?such?a?way?as?to?create?a?logically?organized?critique.??Transitions?together?with?interior?connections?create?a?smoothly?integrated?presentation.??For?the?most?part,?the?writer?uses?language?correctly?and?well?and?provides?excellent?variety?in?syntax.??The?minor?flaws?(e.g.,?using?“less”?instead?of?“fewer”)?do?not?detract?from?the?overall?high?quality?of?the?critique.??This?is?an?impressive?6?paper.?

GRE写作

篇3：gre写作提分心得

gre写作提分心得分享

GRE写作分心：研究范式

所谓的示范文章是许多GRE考试专家和学者总结的重要指导材料。这是为考试题写的高分满分的样篇文章。因此，例如，考生不仅要记住它，还要逐字分析它，分析文章的逻辑顺序、词语的选择和文章的修辞。这些是稀有的财富。

GRE写作分心：准备模板

gre写作方法每个GRE候选人都需要有自己的写作模板。在考场上，很多学生可能会因为大脑短路而紧张，通常练习一些单词或逻辑会突然消失，大脑中一片空白。这就要求考生在平时总结不同的模板，增加记忆，即使考场紧张，大脑也会有条件地反映出一些结构化的句子，给自己的写作增添光彩。

GRE写作分心：修改文章

许多考生甚至在准备考试和练习作文时也经常写作。但事实上，一篇文章一旦发表，就不能放在书架上。我们需要更多的修改，检查遗漏，填补空白，随时发现文章中的不足之处。经过反复修改，我们可以提高写作和创作水平。

GRE写作分心体验：勤奋思考

深思熟虑的生活是充实的，GRE作文也是如此。当我们读别人的优秀作品时，首先要学会，其次要比较，看别人的观点为什么比我们自己的更合适，从而提高我们对问题的看法。这三个人一定有一个老师。他们应该不断学习，多思考，丰富大脑，为他们的创造提供物质。

GRE写作分心体验：熟悉问练习题

gre写作方法GRE作文的亮点之一是作文练习题的全面宣传。gre写作怎么练因此，如果考生能够对练习题中的每一篇文章进行逻辑分析，并记住每一个问题的逻辑分析，那么他们在考试中会为你节省大量的时间，并且更合理地安排他们的作文，而不需要分析问题的逻辑。在考试过程中再次浪费不必要的时间。

GRE写作分心：善于学习

GRE的准备工作不能闭门造车，脑力激荡，通过各种渠道和其他考生老师进行沟通，提高速度。每个人的意见和讨论，有时会突然透彻你对一件事的看法，很多时候的讨论，对你来说，是很多不同的观点，多学习对你有好处。

我和你分享一些关于GRE写作的想法。我相信所有读过以上内容的学生都应该有所收获。我希望这些想法能为你的GRE写作提供一些帮助。

提示：GRE考试写作要求

两种GRE写作要求考生每天至少阅读一些大纲。如果你选择用模型测试软件练习写作，你也应该努力27分钟到400多分钟。如果你不知道如何评价你写的文章，你可以找一些有很强写作能力的老师或学生帮助改正。同时，还要注意句子的润色和修饰。

GRE作文题库整理：逻辑问题+是非问题

逻辑问题分析论证句式：

1. The mere fact that ticket sales in recent years for screenplay-based movies have exceeded those for book-based movies is insufficient evidence to conclude that writing screenplays now provides greater financial opportunity for writers.

2. It is possible that fees paid by movie studios for screenplays will decrease in the future relative to those for book rights.

3. The argument fails to rule out the possibility that a writer engage in both types of writing as well as other types.

4. In any event,the advertisement provides no justification for the mutually exclusive choice that it imposes on the writer.

5. The argument simply equates success with movie ticket sales,which is unwarranted.

是非问题分析论证句式：

1. Whereas other societies look to the past for guidance, we cast our nets forward(面向未来).

2. It is the belief in a brighter future that gives us optimism.

3. Even these days,when not all progress seems positive ,the belief remains that for every problem there is a rational solution.

4. The job of the parents is to give the children every opportunity while they are growing up and then get out of their way.

5. What deference people in authority do command is based on their actual powers rather than on their age, wisdom,or dignity.

6. In a society that changes as fast as ours,experience simply does not have the value that it does in traditional societies.

7. It has taken a long time to convince the public that free enterprise does not mean that a company should be free to pollute the air,foul the rivers,and destroy the forests.

如何让你的GRE作文脱颖而出

首先你要做的是，避免临阵磨枪。如果到GRE考试在即，再去学习GRE写作范文，这样做虽然会使你创作的框架上与范文相似，但仅仅是做到了形似而神不似。这样的写作紧紧停留在临摹而不是创作阶段，这样创作的文章只是表面唬人，但实际只是“纸老虎”，没有自己的中心思想，也抓不住题目的意义以及对考题透彻的分析。所以，应该在学习模板的同时创造出属于自己的写作模板。

其次你要做到提高自己的词汇量。不同的英语词汇有时会表达相同的意思，但是在文章中起的作用大不相同，一篇文章中你使用的是否是高阶词汇，是不是句型多变都决定了你作文的得分。你创作文章使用的词汇不一定要多华丽，重在变幻，读你的作文要像坐过山车，柳暗花明又一村。

最后善用模板，不断练习。模板的使用，可以使你在GRE作文考试中，迅速了解考题，并且根据自己的模板，构建自己的作文结构，但是这种结构并不是适用于任何文章。这是需要你去合理调配。有了作文的结构，仅仅只是框架，你需要填充自己的灵魂，即自己的中心思想，而中心思想是靠自己不断的总结，各种知识在你脑海的沉淀，只有有阅历的人才可以写出内涵丰富的文章。

篇4：gre写作提分内容

gre写作提分内容分享

GRE写作经验：研究模式

所谓范文，是众多GRE考试专家学者总结出的重要指导材料。这都是为试题写的一篇高分的样本文章。因此，考生要做的不仅是背诵范文，还要逐字分析范文，分析文章的逻辑顺序、选词、修辞，这些都是难得的财富。

GRE写作技巧：准备模板

每个GRE候选人都需要有自己的写作模板。在考场里，许多学生可能因为紧张而大脑短路。一些他们经常练习的词汇或逻辑会突然消失，在他们的脑海中留下一片空白。这就要求考生在平时总结不同的模板，增加更多的记忆。即使是在考场紧张的时候，大脑也会有条件地反映一些有组织的句子，为他的作文增光添彩。

GRE写作小贴士：修改文章

许多考生甚至在备考和练习作文时也经常写作。但事实上，作文一旦出版，就不能上架。需要多修改、多检查、多补缺，gre写作技巧,gre考试培训随时查找自己文章的不足之处。只有反复修改，才能提高我们的写作和创作水平。

GRE写作经验：勤于思考

有思想的生活是充实的，gre作文也是。我们看别人的优秀作品，首先要学习，其次要比较，看为什么别人的观点比自己的更合适，这样才能提高自己对问题的看法。三个人一定要有我的老师，不断学习，多思考，丰富自己的大脑，为自己的创作提供素材。

GRE写作经验：熟悉题库

GRE作文的一大亮点是作文题库的完全开放。因此，如果考生能够对题库中的每一篇文章进行逻辑分析，记住每一个问题的逻辑分析，gre写作技巧,gre考试培训就可以节省你大量的考试时间，更合理地安排你的作文创作，而无需在考试过程中再次分析问题的逻辑，浪费不必要的时间。

GRE写作：善于学习

备考GRE不能闭门造车，集思广益，通过各种方式和更多的考试朋友和老师交流来更快提高。有时，你的意见和讨论可能会突然间通过你对一件事的意见。大多数时候，你的讨论对你来说只是很多不同的角度。多学点东西对你有好处。

GRE写作高分范文：北美GRE写作满分范文

The following appeared as part of an article in a daily newspaper:

“Most companies would agree that as the risk of physical injury occurring on the job increases, the wages paid to employees should also increase. Hence it makes financial sense for employers to make the workplace safer: they could thus reduce their payroll expenses and save money.”

Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument. For example, you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion. You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument, what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, and what, if anything, would help you better evaluate its conclusion.

GRE首段

This argument states that it makes financial sense for employers to make the workplace safer because by making the workplace safer then lower wages could be paid to employees. This conclusion is based on the premise that as the list of physical injury increases, the wages paid to employees should also increase. However, there are several assumptions that may not necessarily apply to this argument. For example, the costs associated with making the workplace safe must outweigh the increased payroll expenses due to hazardous conditions. Also, one must look at the plausability of improving the work environment. And finally, because most companies agree that as the risk of injury increases so will wages doesn't necessarily mean that the all companies which have hazardous work environments agree.

GRE中间段1

The first issue to be addressed is whether increased labor costs justify large capital expenditures to improve the work environment. Clearly one could argue that if making the workplace safe would cost an exorbitant amount of money in comparison to leaving the workplace as is and paying slightly increased wages than it would not make sense to improve the work environment. For example, if making the workplace safe would cost $100 million versus additional payroll expenses of only $5,000 per year, it would make financial sense to simply pay the increased wages. No business or business owner with any sense would pay all that extra money just to save a couple dollars and improve employee health and relations. To consider this, a cost benefit analysis must be made. I also feel that although a cost benefit analysis should be the determining factor with regard to these decisions making financial sense, it may not be the determining factor with regard to making social, moral and ethical sense.

GRE中间段2

This argument also relies on the idea that companies solely use financial sense in analysing improving the work environment. This is not the case. Companies look at other considerations such as the negative social ramifications of high on-job injuries. For example, Toyota spends large amounts of money improving its environment because while its goal is to be profitable, it also prides itself on high employee morale and an almost perfectly safe work environment. However, Toyota finds that it can do both, as by improving employee health and employee relations they are guaranteed a more motivated staff, and hence a more efficient staff; this guarantees more money for the business as well as more safety for the employees.

GRE中间段3

Finally one must understand that not all work environments can be made safer. For example, in the case of coal mining, a company only has limited ways of making the work environment safe. While companies may be able to ensure some safety precautions, they may not be able to provide all the safety measures necessary. In other words, a mining company has limited ability to control the air quality within a coal mine and therefore it cannot control the risk of employees getting blacklung. In other words, regardless of the intent of the company, some jobs are simply dangerous in nature.

GRE末端

In conclusion, while at first it may seem to make financial sense to improve the safety of the work environment sometimes it truly does not make financial sense. Furthermore, financial sense may not be the only issue a company faces. Other types of analyses must be made such as the social ramifications of an unsafe work environment and the overall ability of a company to improve that environment (i.e。， coal mine)。 Before any decision is made, all this things must be considered, not simply the reduction of payroll expenses.

GRE这篇官方钦定满分的范文，其最明显的优点在于：

1. 字数高达599words, GRE充分体现了字数为王的判分倾向。

2. 标准的五段制，首段、GRE末端，中间三段，看上去很美。

3. 没有陈词滥调、GRE满篇废话的模板式语言。

只有以上三点离满分还是很远的，GRE之所以SIX，我看更重要的在于，每段各尽其责，既独立又统一，形成了完整的ARGUMENT，specifically:

1. 首段再现了原TOPIC的推理过程，GRE并指出其assumptions多有不适;尤其令阅卷人高兴的是：首段在最后简化罗列了推理中的三个问题。要知道美国人就喜欢的作文---总分式，在首段就把三个ideas罗列出来，然后在中间三段分别展开，先总后分，一目了然。

2. 中一的TS -- “The first issue to be addressed is whether increased labor costs justify large capital expenditures to improve the work environment.”可谓是一针见血，一剑封喉。对于这样严重的推理漏洞，如果不首先指出，其argument必然软弱乏力。此所谓Topic中的 “必削点”，不可不察。

3. 中二的TS – “This argument also relies on the idea that companies solely use financial sense in analysing improving the work environment.”这可谓是剑走偏锋，独辟蹊径，出人所料。文章竟然批评了Topic以钱为本经营理念，提出了要以人为本，这样写是有一定风险，毕竟这不是Issue。那本文是如何化险为夷的呢?且看本段最后一句“this guarantees more money for the business as well as more safety for the employees.”我不由得长舒一口，人家再次回归了，又回到了Topic中以“Money”为本的推理。

4. 中三的TS – “Finally one must understand that not all work environments can be made safer.”这充分体现了作者不只是坐而论道的arguer，而是关心其可行性的现实主义者，考虑到方案本身的可行性和局限性。

5. 末端不但对首段提出的论点做出了重复性的总结，GRE而且又不厌其烦地把中间三段的ideas一一罗列。如此“啰嗦”估计令某些同学略有不齿，但这恰恰是美国人的最爱，cultural shock了吧?

本文最令我欣赏的地方，GRE就是对EXAMPLES的运用

1. 中间段一，运用了“设例”GRE(假设的情况)，$100 million啦、$5,000了，很幼稚是吧?可美国人喜欢啊;咱中国的学生，尤其是理工科的，喜欢用一些相当高深的例子，有没有想过那些阅卷老师能看懂吗?尤其是在极短时间内，他们IQ又不高，知识又不多，联想又不丰富……

2. 中间段二，运用了“具例”GRE(具体的例子)，举一个妇孺皆知的Toyota例子把想说明的问题统统道出，再次体现出美国人喜欢浅显易懂的事例。

3. 中间段三，运用了“泛例”GRE(某一类人、团体或组织)，通过采煤行业指出了计划可行性的所受到的制约，一个多么质朴无华的泛例，充分地考虑到了阅卷老师的理解能力。

以上这一切怎能不让美国阅卷者频频颔首，GRE啧啧称善呢?他或她手中的笔在纸上划出了一条美丽的弧线 —— 6

相反，有些中国学生，凭借自己繁密的逻辑、GRE渊深的例子和云雾缭绕的行文，每每令那些阅卷者咬唇咂舌，shrug连连，又怎能获得一个理想的分数呢?你挑战了他的智商，他必然报复你的分数。

GRE写作四法助你考试

拆分法

分析题目极为有效的一种手段，其基本原理就是面对一个云山雾罩的抽象的大的概念，将其一分为二或者一分为多进行分别讨论。

解析法

通过对题目主体的需求进行分析，从而找到支持论证的有说服力的理由与典型的论据。主体需求，可以是个人，教育，社会，政府与文化发展等方面的需求。

正反法

对题目的主张或者结论分成两面分析。没有绝对对错，哪边理由与例证多我们走哪边。也可写成让步式或者对照式两面论证。

比较法

适用于题干中两个对等概念的比较。

这四种解题办法可以交替结合使用，我们一起来看一下典型的例子：

例子：“Students should bring a certain skepticism to whatever they study.They should question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively.”

相信这个题会比较简单。大的概念是Study是否需要质疑，要看学习的内容。

1.如果是Well established principles and theories，就别质疑争议了吧?各专业的同学可以列举出一堆这样的内容。

2.如果是Controversial issues，就质疑争议好了。找你最有话可说的领域争议一番。

最好写的可质疑争议内容包括：Stem cell research，abortion，same sex marriage，nuclear power 等。

篇5：GRE写作如何合理备考提分

GRE写作如何合理备考提分?这8个实用技巧一个都不能少文

GRE写作提高技巧一：研究GRE作文范

必须研究范文，尤其是5分和6分的范文，他们真的非常重要，因为那是最权威的辅导资料。研究也不是简单的熟读和背诵，而是逐字逐句体会作者的意思及修辞。还有提醒一点，ETS对范文的评论也都非常精彩，建议大家参考。这会非常有利于理解考试所考的重点。

GRE写作提高技巧二：养成GRE作文逻辑思维

必须要熟练，重要的是形成惯性思维，考试时间真的很紧张，要想现场思考每句话的调理性难度太高，写得时候手指不停运转，远远超过了大脑运转速度。只有有充分思维准备的人，才能驾轻就熟，运用自如。题目中提到politics，大脑中就应当出现Franklin Roosevelt， Lincoln， Gerhard Schroeder， Gandhi。提到ART，就该想到Rembrandt， Van Gogh， Starry night， night watch， Hemmingway， the old man and the sea; 提到Scandal，就该想到Nixon，Watergate，bill Clinton，sex sandal，Enron。总之，熟练是非常非常重要的!

GRE写作提高技巧三：积极改写GRE作文

必须多修改，如果不勤修改自己的文章，就不知道自己原来的漏洞和不足在哪。闷头写只能导致lose the stake! 当认真学习一段时间写作之后，再回头改第一篇习作，肯定会发现自己很多毛病，这说明：你在进步!

GRE写作提高技巧四：从别人的GRE作文上吸取经验

必须学习别人的文章，不管是高分满分作文，还是平时练手之作，都是非常宝贵的学习，参考资料，看到别人的文章和写作思路，是提高自己水平的有效途径。建议大家看看各类写作内容，真的会受益匪浅。

GRE写作提高技巧五：多思考多动脑

必须多思考，多写不如多改，多改不如多想，当然这种想不是fantasy或者daydream。而是针对写作思路和自我总结。总结越多考试就越顺手。

GRE写作提高技巧六：拿下全部GRE作文题库

必须看GRE的全部题库，不要抱侥幸心理，在考试之前找到文章中出现的逻辑错误，远比在30min中为它而浪费时间值得的多。

GRE写作提高技巧七：与朋友同学进行交流

必须多交流，听听大家的意见，有益无害。收集不同人对于某些ISSUE的观点和看法，转化成自己的东西，本身也是一种对素材的储备过程。

GRE写作提高技巧八：准备出自己的GRE作文例子

必须要有自己的例子。没有哪个考官会喜欢几百号人都说Van Gogh， Einstein， Curie。要结合自身经历，准备一些比较独家又有代表性的例子。

新版GRE写作新题库：Argument

题目：

The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a Batavia newspaper.

“The department of agriculture in Batavia reports that the number of dairy farms throughout the country is now 25 percent greater than it was 10 years ago. During this same time period, however, the price of milk at the local Excello Food Market has increased from $1.50 to over $3.00 per gallon. To prevent farmers from continuing to receive excessive profits on an apparently increased supply of milk, the Batavia government should begin to regulate retail milk prices. Such regulation is necessary to ensure fair prices for consumers.”

Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation is likely to have the predicted result. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.

中文翻译：

Batavia的农业部门报告说全国奶牛农庄的数量比前增加了25%。然而就在同一时期，当地Excello Food Market牛奶的价格从每加仑$1.5上涨到了$3.0。为防止农场主在牛奶供应量明显增加的情况下获取过多的利润，Batavia的政府应限制牛奶的零售价。这种规定对于稳定物价是必需的。

写一篇回应，在其中讨论还有哪些问题需要被回答才能决定文中的推荐是否能得到预期结果，并务请解释对这些问题的回答是如何帮助更好的评估文中的建议的。

以上就是为大家提供的新版GRE写作新题库Argument部分的内容，希望大家能够在练习中提高自己的写作水平。

新GRE写作官方优秀范文精选

写作题目：

High-speed electronic communications media, such as electronic mail and television, tend to prevent meaningful and thoughtful communication.

高速电子通讯媒体，例如电子邮件和电视，在逐渐地抑制有意义的和有思想性的交流。

正文：

The technology is seducive:the global networks transparently transiting megabytes of information in fractions of a second; client/server softwares supporting fabulous real-time multimedia presentations on PC and MAC workstations; effortless visits to the virtual reality words. As a result, the interpersonal communication become increasingly meaningful and thoughtful in that the appearance of high-speed electronic communications media such as electronic mail and television accumulates more people in different geographicla places to a conference and facilitate their communication.

No field benefits more than business in terms of commercial intercourse from the electronic communication, which can save the engaged businessmen plenty of time ,energy and money, in other words, make profits for them. Instead of taking several flights one day to make trades with people, now the businessman just need sit down in front of the computer screen , and click the keys. While it is expensive to call in a large number of people to a definite place to hold a meeting, by utilizing electronic television, electronic conference presently goes on in the internet, ecnomically and efficiently. Thereby electronic media facilitate our meaningful communication, which contributes to the prosperity of business in reality.

On an individual level, electronic communications media shorten the distance of people to such a degree that every and each one, regardless of sex, nationality, and race, can talk with each other in the global village through internet. When people of different backgrounds participate in a specific talk toward a special topic, motley assortments of opinions and views bear their heads and in the mean time we share our sparks of thoughts, we can obtain the more profound and through understanding of the matter around us. Further , the implements based on the internet offer us a another way to communicate with our familiar friends. Unlike talking to them in true life, where we have to conceal some of our inner expression when facing to facing, we are able to free our mask and interact with each other without restrictions of the mind, and thus carry a deep talk.

Yet some people may argue that the internet renders people no thoughtful and meaningful communication, since they contrive misleading information and play evil jokes to others. Nonetheless, this has, in my opinion, nothing to do with the internet itself. Rather, if we are honest and sincere enough behind the screen, the problem will not exist and thus we can make most use of the electronic means to foster our life.

In sum , I disagree with the statement in that from our empirical experience, the electronic media makes our communication increasingly meaningful and thoughtful.As long as we adopt a genuine and candid attitude towards people in the global networks, no matter in many social field such as the business area or from a personal perspective, electronic communications media will serve as a powerful and serviceable implement aided in our quotidian life.

篇6：gre考试写作提分关键是

gre考试写作提分关键是?

大家都知道，gre考试是计算机考试，我们都需要非常清楚，笔试则大不相同。考试分为语文和数学两部分。数学是初中的难点。中文很难。它可以分为空白填充和阅读。在难度方面，词汇是基础，0是需要的。多练习阅读。GRE写作主要注重逻辑推理和分析性写作两项技能，并将加大力度引入要求考生有针对性地回答的实践题，减少考生依赖事先准备好的材料(如背诵)的可能性。

如何提高GRE写作水平?让我们看看编辑们分享的这些GRE写作技巧吧!

一。找到gre写作考试关键，你就能得到高分

众所周知，gre写作考试成绩并不容易获得。许多考生会因为一些原因而失分，例如语法问题或不恰当的例子。

1)词汇。许多人问他们是否需要在写作前记住词汇书。据我们所知，词汇书是为笔试的汉语部分而收集整理的，与作文没有多大关系。gre写作方法,gre写作怎么练作文所需的高级水平仍然是这些。当一台机器或一个考官看到它时，他会把它锁起来，知道如何写议论文，他会依靠它们。此外，一些常用动词和名词的同义词应分成若干组记忆。英语修辞不是华丽的，而是多变的。句型应该是可变的，表达相同意思的词也应该是可变的。原来英语单调，重复是禁忌。

2)模板。如何使用模板不是使用模板，而是合理使用模板。因为初学者一眼就直奔主题是件好事。什么是结构?模板是结构。模板是骨架，支撑，但不是灵魂。当然，灵魂部分是文章的主要目的，靠自己不懈的写作，不断的研究去探索和发现。不要依赖模板。没有灵魂的骷髅得不到高分。

2。最全面的GRE写作复习计划

注意新的GRE作文练习，如何准备Arg练习?每个GRE考试题目都要看一看，找出逻辑错误，提取关键词或信号词。按照传统的分类模式，问题习题的编写可分为社会、技术、行为、教育、历史、媒体、艺术、国际等大类。但是，在以后的审查中，这样的分类并不能满足高效审查的需要。因此，在开始准备问题练习时，需要对练习进行分类。找出每个大类之间的水平关系。例如，科学技术在教育、社会、行为和历史中的应用和影响。这样，每个GRE考试题目的核心点就会更清晰，方向也会写得更多。梳理练习时间为7-10天，还有很多任务要完成。

3.新GRE作文常见弊病及解决方案

写作速度慢，内容不饱满

在新GRE作文中的另一个普遍问题是写作速度太慢，这显然是因为在考试前所作的准备不够充分。GRE考试的写作除了开头段和结尾段，中间一般应该写三段。但是考生在规定时间内往往只能写两段，而且字数也不够，只能写400字左右。GRE写作虽然没有字数要求，gre写作方法,gre写作怎么练但是一篇较好的、成熟的，能够充分展示自己观点的GRE作文，一般应在600字左右，或者是600字以上。由此可见，一篇400字左右的文章在内容上是不够充实的。

论证不够吸引人

在阐述思想观点之后，缺乏有力的例证去支持所阐述观点。或者总是引用每个人都耳熟能详的例证，例如目前最流行的例证有两个B和两个E，两个B即Bill Gates和Bill Clinton。两个E即Einstein和Edison.并不是这些例证不恰当或不足以说明问题，而是如果每一位GRE考试的考生都把爱迪生发明电灯作为例证，都引用爱因斯坦所说的成功是百分之九十九的勤劳加上百分之一的天分，那么自己的文章就显得平庸乏味，不吸引人。同时，也说明考生的知识面狭窄，视野不开阔

4.五个GRE写作考试高分技巧

1.GRE考试积极改写GRE作文：必须多修改，如果不勤修改自己的文章，就不知道自己原来的漏洞和不足在哪，闷头写，只能导致lose the stake! 当认真学习一段时间写作之后，再回头改第一篇习作，肯定会发现自己很多毛病，这说明：我们在进步!

2.从别人的GRE作文上吸取经验：必须学习别人的文章，不管是老外280，还是版主们组织的同主题习作，都是非常宝贵的学习，参考资料，看到别人的文章和写作思路，是提高自己水平的有效途径!小站教育建议大家看看版主们原来写的习作和互拍，真的会受益匪浅。例如：among,needle,pooh,鬼谷子等牛人的，不一一列举了。

3.GRE考试多思考多动脑：必须多思考，多写不如多改，多改不如多想，当然这种想不是fantasy and daydream.二是针对写作思路和自我总结!

4.研究GRE考试作文范文：必须研究范文，尤其是5分和6分的范文，他们真的非常重要，因为那是最权威的辅导资料!不是简单的熟读和背诵，而是逐字逐句的体会作者的意思及修辞。还有提醒一点，对范文的评论也都非常精彩，建议大家参考!这会非常有利于理解考试所考的重点。

5.复习GRE写作考试必备攻略

写作练习要趁早

对于任何的考试都是一样，练习不仅要趁早，还需要在练习的时候加强对写作模式的总结。有很多人都以为刚开始写好一点花多长时间都值得其实到后来发现根本不是这样，限时和不限时两种感觉完全不同。限时之后就会发现，GRE考试没有固定的套路在三十分钟内基本不可能完整的写出一篇从没见过的argument.这里的套路不是大家都熟知的在网上和书上流行的摸版。而是自己总结出来的一套写作模式，更重要的是思维模式。

小站教育老师建议：不推崇使用模版，因为每个人要有自己的写作套路，别人的模版尽量不要直接拿来用，毕竟那些还是别人的东西，最好自己能弄出来自己的风格来。而写作套路，就是仁者见仁，智者见智的事情了，练习作多了，提纲列多了，基本就出来了。

多加写作练习

对于GRE写作来说，想要得到高分就必须要勤加练习，通过练习我们能够得出自身的不足点，也能发现自己的写作优势。所以，在复习GRE写作的时候，一定要多加练习。

GRE范文：法律

题目：

It is possible to pass laws that control or place limits on people's behavior, but legislation cannot reform human nature. Laws cannot change what is in people's hearts and minds.

通过法律可以控制或者限制人们的行为，但是立法是无法改变人类本性的。法律无法改变人们的感情和思想。

正文：

Ever since the Code of Hammurapi comes into being, laws have begun to put restrictions on people's behaviors and have played an important role in the maintenance of social order. But aside from its impact on shaping public deportment, legislation is of no avail to reform human nature as well as mankind thoughts.

Our collective life experience is that we make choices and decisions every day--under a legal system. No one is ever granted the rights to surpass the boundary of laws; otherwise there may be lack of protection for private property and personal right from being violated. Common sense tells us that the laws will punish the wrongdoers severely sometimes so harshly even to sentence the felons to death. It is the awe to controlling authority as well as the fear of castigation that made most of the people away from the illicit behaviors. Laws, for better or worse, have put up a paradigm on which people abide by, for the sake of personal interests and the social stability as well.

Laws can exert their influences on people’s “hands and legs”, but when it comes to man’s hearts and minds, it cannot. In the long history of its development, laws change over time and vary from region to region not to alter human nature but to be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances, times and places. The end of a legal system impels laws to evolve to keep pace with changing mores, customers, and our collective sense of equity but with little concern for the reconstruction of human thoughts. Bigamy, to be commonly regarded as illegal in most countries, is yet legitimate in some Arabian countries. For Islamic, outlawing bigamy seems an impinge upon their religious freedom of choosing mates. Instead of bringing about a revolution in the conception of marriage among Islamic disciples, laws give way to the entrenched customers. Still more, from the psychotic analysis angle, that laws will change nature is further doubted. Sigmund Freud has divided the individual personality into threefold: the id, the ego and the super ego. The ego, as the surface of the nature and the part you show the world, is governed by the “reality principle,” otherwise known as laws.

However, so powerless are laws to extend its impacts on the id and the superego remains below, each has its own significant effects on the personality. A rapist, for example, despite years of imprisonment may still relapse into outrages in that laws fail to civilize the id desires composing of instinctual drives. By no means can laws alone alter our nature. Were laws by itself be able to cause a change in the human nature and exercise a fundamental influence on people's hearts and minds, then it would probably be no need for its existence. People at no time can ever have imagined this.

In fact, to truly change the human nature, it is through the synergic efforts associating the education, moral and ethic social interactions altogether that brought about a reconstruction of human nature.

In conclusion, in spite the fact that we may live in a harmonious society with the implementation of the laws, it seems unthinkable for laws to undertake the role as a reformer in rebuilding man's nature as well as hearts and minds.

GRE范文：成功

题目：

Success, whether academic or professional, involves an ability to survive in a new environment and, eventually, to change it.

成功，无论是学术上的还是职业上的，都涉及了适应新环境并最终改变新环境的能力。

正文：

Many wonder the intrinsic impact of industrial revolution over the last century. Is it a blessing or a curse? Ever since the invention of steam engine, mass production enabled factories to make out products in a madly efficient manner, while machines also supplanted innumerous traditionally skilled artisan, forcing them out of work. Gone are the days when they boasted of their craftsmanship that they assumed to be able support their family all their life. Consumers became more aspiring to novel design instead of durability as goods were made to be discarded.

Hundreds years later, with the first installation of integrated circuit on the chip, another profound turnover took place. Now the computer pervades our life so much that one may find himself half illiterate in absence of input skill. This time, thousands of jobs were created in Silicon Valley, transforming some of the few into billionaire over one night. Nevertheless, the original inventor might not expect that the ensuing slow down and thus recession in IT sector would approach so soon in less than 10 years, which is obviously less than a presumable 15 years time normal for a periodical change.Positive or negative, one mark that characterizes the technological bombardment indicates a constant fact: changes exist ubiquitously and operating at an ever-increasing tempo; those who fail to catch up with the torrent of change would ineluctably engulfed by billows, floating no where and eventually dissolve as negligible bubbles.

Favors as well as opportunities goes to who adapt to the contemporary trend. Fully recognizing this axiom, long before the scientists announced accomplishment of sketches of human genes or earlier successful cloning of Doris, candidates preparing for university admission have smelt the sense. Today, in the U.S., biology and its branch disciplines become the first choice for top students of senior high, determining that this subject, foretold as the third wave in technology, could bring them brilliant future as “Bill Gates” dreamt the same in the previous wave.

In addition to academic realm, respect would be paid to people who though deprived of their past secure professions, choose not to be a loser in the whimsical society. Like the artisans who lost jobs, a vast number of skilled laborer in China’s city of Wengzhou have undergone darkness and depression in those old days. However, after years of endeavor and refinement, they prove their value again. By accurately posit the economic trend and market demand, they play an active role in almost all economic sectors, garments, catering and lodging, hi-tech industry, you name it.

While ability honed in surviving the fickleness of the world makes the path through success shorter, it is essential for the more ambitious to acquire the pith of reformist and lead the trend. In this way, it could help him distinguish from the mediocracy and platitude. This is absolutely not an easy task. Inborn insight and foresight are needed to tell uncommon out of the commonplace; extraordinary perseverance and encouragement is a must to face the coming challenges against his iconoclasm. Very few people crowned with triumph possess this quality, whether the Nobel Prize winner or those who makes coverage on the Times.

In sum, as shown in the course of history, success, whether academic or professional,involves an ability to surviving in a new environment and---, eventually, ---to change it.Now some elite persons have again forecast that another social change is impending.Are you ready for that?

篇7：GRE写作高效提分建议

GRE写作高效提分建议分享申请文科专业请关注作文成绩

GRE作文分数价值分析

许多人可能都觉得，作文独立计分不算入总分，可能其分数重要性并不是太高。这种想法其实是存在很大错误的，原因主要有两点：

1. 文科院校看重GRE作文成绩

众所周知，GRE考试作为一门研究生阶段入学的综合能力测试，其考试成绩可以用来申请全美各大学校的大部分研究生专业和项目。理科项目一般不需要作文得分，更看重的是GRE总分和GRE数学部分的成绩。而文科项目除了总分和语文部分成绩外，对于作文也往往会提出专门的分数要求，在这一点上越是优秀的学校越是明显。而假如考生想要申请的是排名靠前，在TOP20以内的顶尖文科名校，那么GRE作文至少也需要考出4分以上的成绩才能过关。根据官方发布的最新数据显示，中国考生的GRE作文平均成绩仅为3分，因此大家想要获得优秀文科院校的青睐，就需要在作文方面获得超过大部分考生的平均水准的成绩。

2. 作文成绩是录取重要参考指标

同时，由于目前许多顶级名校的申请人数过多，招生官在初步筛选申请者时，往往会采取先根据GRE得分一刀切的方式，把一定分数线以下的考生直接排除。而在剩下的考生中，哪怕你的GRE总分超过别人不少，但如果作文分数偏低，那么你的被录取可能性就会降低。可以说，在GRE总分处于同一水平的情况下，考生GRE作文得分高低将成为衡量考生水平的重要参考指标。

GRE写作高效提分建议分享

因此，GRE考生如果申请的是文科类院校专业，那么作文成绩就必须要进行提升，而提分的具体要点可以归纳为以下四个方面：

1. 整体结构

文章的整体结构框架是一篇作文好坏的最重要标准。一般来说，一篇标准的GRE高分作文，按照开头，结尾加上中间三个段落的五段式写法是比较常见的。因此，考生对于一篇文章的写作，至少要列出3个分论点，确保中间三段言之有物，同时开头结尾也需要发挥出各自相应的引导和总结作用。

2. 逻辑论证

GRE作文有两篇，而无论是立论文ISSUE还是驳论文ARGUMENT，其本质都属于议论文，因此让文章显得有说服力就成为了关键所在。无论是让自己的论点能够站得住脚，还是让对方的观点显得错误百出，都需要考生通过逻辑论证来得以实现。因此，逻辑论证的合理性、对观点挖掘的深度，以及分论点之间的的连贯性，都考生需要在写作中体现出来以支撑逻辑论证。

3. 遣词造句

一篇好作文自然离不开词句上的运用。合理正确没有语法错误只能算是达标，想要让GRE作文得到4分以上的评价，考生就需要在达标以上进一步进行遣词造句的优化运用。句式使用上需要多样化，避免简单句的连续出现，但也不能过度堆砌长难句而让文章显得累赘。词汇运用上不能重复使用相同词汇，要体现出一定的变化展现词汇量，但也要确保所用词汇的正确表达，不能为了追求新颖而滥用生僻词汇，也需要避免词汇间错误搭配的问题。

4. 字数篇幅

虽然GRE考试对于作文字数篇幅从来没有提出过明确要求，但根据官方公布的各类高分范文来看，一般来说字数在400-600字是最佳范围。这是因为篇幅过短的文章，容易给考官留下考生写作能力不足，无法表达出自己想法的印象，但篇幅太长同样会给人留下啰嗦累赘的感觉。因此把文章的篇幅字数控制在400-600字是最为合适的做法。

总而言之，GRE写作成绩无论从考试本身出发而是从招生录取角度考虑都是相当重要的，哪怕不计入总分，考生也应该投入足够的精力时间认真备考而不是随意打发敷衍，如此才能保证一个足以匹配大家高分总分的写作得分。

GRE写作满分作品

题目：

“Students should memorize facts only after they have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts. Students who have learned only facts have learned very little.”

学生们在记忆知识的时候应该先学习有助于解释那些知识的理念、潮流和概念。仅仅死学知识的学生是学不到什么东西的。

正文：

The speaker makes a threshold claim that students who learn only facts learn very little, then concludes that students should always learn about concepts, ideas, and trends before they memorize facts. While I wholeheartedly agree with the threshold claim, the conclusion unfairly generalizes about the learning process. In fact, following the speaker's advice would actually impede the learning of concepts and ideas, as well as impeding the development of insightfuland useful new ones.

Turning first to the speaker's threshold claim, I strongly agree that if we learn only facts we learn very little. Consider the task of memorizing the periodic table of elements, which any student can memorize without any knowledge of chemistry, or that the table relates to chemistry. Rote memorization of the table amounts to a bit of mental exercise-an opportunity to practice memorization techniques and perhaps learn some new ones. Otherwise, the student has learned very little about chemical elements, or about anything for that matter.

As for the speaker's ultimate claim, I concede that postponing the memorization of facts until after one learns ideas and concepts holds certain advantages. With a conceptual framework already in place a student is better able to understand the meaning of a fact, and to appreciate its significance. As a result, the student is more likely to memorize the fact to begin with, and less likely to forget it as time passes. Moreover, in my observation students whose first goal is to memorize facts tend to stop there--for whatever reason. It seems that by focusing on facts first students risk equating the learning process with the assimilation of trivia; in turn, students risk learning nothing of much use in solving real world problems.

Conceding that students must learn ideas and concepts, as well as facts relating to them, in order to learning anything meaningful, I nevertheless disagree that the former should always precede the latter--for three reasons. In the first place, I see know reason why memorizing a fact cannot precede learning about its meaning and significance--as long as the student does not stop at rote memorization. Consider once again our hypothetical chemistry student. The speaker might advise this student to first learn about the historical trends leading to the discovery of the elements, or to learn about the concepts of altering chemical compounds to achieve certain reactions--before studying the periodic table. Having no familiarity with the basic vocabulary of chemistry, which includes the information in the periodic table, this student would come away from the first two lessons bewildered and confused in other words, having learned little.

In the second place, the speaker misunderstands the process by which we learn ideas and concepts, and by which we develop new ones. Consider, for example, how economics students learn about the relationship between supply and demand, and the resulting concept of market equilibrium, and of surplus and shortage. Learning about the dynamics of supply and demand involves (1) entertaining a theory, and perhaps even formulating a new one, (2) testing hypothetical scenarios against the theory, and (3) examining real-world facts for the purpose of confirming, refuting, modifying, or qualifying the theory. But which step should come first? The speaker would have us follow steps 1 through 3 in that order. Yet, theories, concepts, and ideas rarely materialize out of thin air; they generally emerge from empirical observations--i.e., facts. Thus the speaker's notion about how we should learn concepts and ideas gets the learning process backwards.

In the third place, strict adherence to the speaker's advice would surely lead to ill-conceived ideas, concepts, and theories. Why? An idea or concept conjured up without the benefit of data amounts to little more than the conjurer's hopes and desires. Accordingly, conjurers will tend to seek out facts that support their prejudices and opinions, and overlook or avoid facts that refute them. One telling example involves theories about the center of the universe. Understandably, we ego-driven humans would prefer that the universe revolve around us. Early theories presumed so for this reason, and facts that ran contrary to this ego-driven theory were ignored, while observers of these facts were scorned and even vilified. In short, students who strictly follow the speaker's prescription are unlikely to contribute significantly to the advancement of knowledge.

To sum up, in a vacuum facts are meaningless, and only by filling that vacuum with ideas and concepts can students learn, by gaining useful perspectives and insights about facts. Yet, since facts are the very stuff from which ideas, concepts, and trends spring, without some facts students cannot learn much of anything. In the final analysis, then, students should learn facts right along with concepts, ideas, and trends.

新GRE Issue写作范文透析

Topic

The following is a letter to the editor of an environmental magazine：“The decline in the numbers of amphibians worldwide clearly indicates the global pollution of water and air. Two studies of amphibians in Yosemite National Park in California confirm my conclusion. In 1915 there were seven species of amphibians in the park, and there were abundant numbers of each species. However, in 1992 there were only four species of amphibians observed in the park, and the numbers of each species were drastically reduced. The decline in Yosemite has been blamed on the introduction of trout into the park's waters, which began in 1920 (trout are known to eat amphibian eggs). But the introduction of trout cannot be the real reason for the Yosemite decline because it does not explain the worldwide decline.”

Sample Essay

In this argument, the writer of the letter concludes that global pollution of water and air has caused a decline in the number of amphibians worldwide. To support his or her conclusion, the writer cites the results of two studies, seventy-five years apart, that purportedly show that the number of amphibians in one park in California, Yosemite National Park, have drastically declined. Additionally, the writer casts aside a given reason for the decline, stating that the introduction of trout to the park (who are known to eat amphibian eggs) does not explain the worldwide decline in the number of amphibians. This argument defies simple logic and suffers from several critical fallacies.

First of all, the argument is based on only two studies in one specific part of the world, Yosemite National Park in California. It is impossible to pinpoint a worldwide theory for the decline of amphibians based on any number of studies in only one specific location in the world - the specific varieties of amphibians, geographical conditions and other location specific variables prohibit such a sweeping generalization. One very specific location cannot be used as a model for all other locations, even within one particular country, let alone the entire world. The writer provides no evidenced whatsoever that links the Yosemite study with any purported effects anywhere else in the global environment.

Secondly, the two separate studies were done seventy-five years apart. There is no evidence that the two studies were conducted in a similar manner over the same duration of time or even over the same exact areas of Yosemite National Park, or that the exact same study methods were used. For example, perhaps the first study lasted over an entire year and was conducted by twenty-five experts in amphibious biology, resulting in the finding of seven species of amphibians in abundant numbers. By contrast, perhaps the second study was conducted over a period of one week by a lone high school student as a school science project. The writer offers no basis on which to compare the two studies, leaving it open as to whether the two are truly comparable in their breadth, scope and expertise.

Finally, the writer notes that the decline in the amphibian population has been blamed on the introduction of trout into the park's waters in 1920, but then dismisses that argument on the purely specious basis that it does not explain the worldwide decline. This part of the argument blithely dismisses the very relevant fact that trout are known to eat amphibian eggs. This attempt to “prove a negative” is the last resort of those in search of some vain attempt to prove the truth of the matter that they are asserting. It is basically impossible to “prove a negative”; this is an attempt to shift the burden of proof back on to the nonbelievers of the argument. The global environmental situation and that of Yosemite National Park are not perfectly correlated, and the fact that the trout may very well be responsible for the decline cannot simply be dismissed without further proof.

In summary, the writer fails to establish any causal relationship between global air and water pollution and the decline of amphibious life worldwide. The evidence presented is extremely weak at best and narrowly focuses on one tiny area of the globe, as well as putting forward as proof two studies about which almost nothing is known. For a stronger argument, the writer would need to directly put forth evidence associating air and water pollution with not only the decline at Yosemite but also throughout other areas of the world.(599 words)

[题目]

下述文字摘自一封致某环保杂志编辑的信函：“全球两栖动物数量的减少明显标志着全球性水与大气的污染。对加利福尼亚州约塞米蒂国家公园内两栖动物所作的两项研究可证实我的这一结论。19公园内有七个物种的两栖动物，每一物种都拥有丰富的种群数量。然而，1992年，在公园内所能观察到的两栖动物物种仅为四类，且每一物种的种群数量已骤然下降。约塞米蒂公园动物数量减少被归咎于始于19的将鲑鱼引入公园水域的做法(众所周知，鲑鱼喜食两栖动物所产的卵)。但鲑鱼的引入不可能成为约塞米蒂公园动物数量减少的真正原因，因为它无法来解释全球范围内的动物数量减少。”

[范文正文]

在本项论述中，信函作者的结论是，全球性水与大气污染已致使世界范围内两栖动物的数量减少。为了支持其论点，作者援引了两份时隔75年之久的研究结果，这两份结果据称可证明加利福尼亚州某一公园――即约塞米蒂国家公园――内两栖动物的数量锐减。此外，该作者撇开了动物数量减少的一个已知原因，陈述道，将鲑鱼引入公园(据称，鲑鱼喜食两栖动物所产的卵)这一做法不足以解释世界范围内两栖动物数量上的减少。这一论点有悖于简单的逻辑，犯有一系列关键性的逻辑谬误。

首先，该论点所依据的仅仅是世界上某一特定地点――即加利福尼亚州约塞米蒂国家公园――内的两份研究。围绕着两栖动物数量减少这一问题，如果仅以世界上一个特定的地点为样品，再多数量的研究也无法得出一种精确的、适用于全世界的理论。两栖动物的具体种类、地理状况以及其他因地点而特异的变数均不允许我们作出如此一概而论的总括。一个非常具体的地点不能用作一个代表所有其他地点的模型，即使在一个特定的国家内也不行，更不用说在整个世界范围内了。信函作者没有提供任何证据将约塞米蒂公园的研究与全球环境中任何其他一处地方的任何所宣称的效果联系起来。其次，所提及的那两项互为独立的研究时隔75年之久。没有证据可证明这两项研究是在相同的时间跨度内以相似的方式进行的，或是在约塞米蒂公园完全相同的地点进行的，或所使用的研究方法绝然相同。

例如，第一项研究可能持续了整整一年之久，且是由两栖动物生物学领域的二十五位专家共同进行的。结果是发现了七大种类数目众多的两栖动物。相反，第二项研究可能是一位高中生孤身一人所做的学校的一个科学课题，仅为期一个星期。信函作者没有提供将此两项研究进行比较的基础，从而使两项研究在其广度、范围以及专业水准方面的可比性不得而知。最后，信函作者指出，两栖动物种群数量的减少，已被人归咎于1920年将鲑鱼引入公园水域这一做法，但紧接着又以该论据无法解释世界范围内动物数量减少这一似是而非的依据将该论据予以否认。信函作者论述中的这一部分漫不经心地将一个极为相关的事实弃置不顾，即众所周知，鲑鱼喜食两栖动物所产的卵。这种“prove a negative ”的尝试往往是这样一类人所惯用的最后伎俩，他们竭力寻找某种徒劳的尝试，力图去证明他们所宣称的事物的真理。从根本上讲，“prove a negative”是不可能的。这样一种做法是试图将论证的负担重新转嫁给不相信该论据的人。全球的环境情形与约塞米蒂公园的情形并不绝然对应。鲑鱼极有可能造成了两栖动物数量减少这一事实在缺乏进一步证据的情况下是断不能轻易予以否认的。

概括而言，信函作者没能在全球空气和水污染与世界范围内两栖生命数量减少之间建立起任何因果关系。该作者所拿出的证据充其量也是极为苍白无力的，狭隘地将焦点集中在世界的一片极小的区域上，作为证据而援引的两项研究几乎不能说明任何问题。欲使其论点更具力度，信函作者尚需摆出直接的证据，将水和空气污染不仅仅与约塞米蒂公园的两栖动物数量减少联系起来，而且也与世界其他地方的动物数量减少联系起来。

GRE写作高效提分建议分享

篇8：GRE写作提分技巧介绍

GRE写作提高技巧二：养成GRE作文逻辑思维

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