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GRE阅读提速技巧综合解读

时间：2023年11月16日

来源：漂流百合

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以下是小编帮大家整理的GRE阅读提速技巧综合解读，本文共4篇，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。本文原稿由网友“漂流百合”提供。

篇1：GRE阅读提速技巧综合解读

GRE阅读提速技巧综合解读不同篇幅文章都能更快读完

文章篇幅长先找核心句

一般来说，GRE语文每个部分的20道题中，都会有10道固定为阅读题，而其中长篇阅读只占一篇。虽然数量不多，但光是这一篇阅读，就往往在450字左右，篇幅相当惊人。一篇长篇阅读，固定会附带4道题目。由于GRE所有题目分数相同，因此这4道题目，可以说是整个阅读乃至语文部分性价比最低的。有鉴于此，应对GRE长篇阅读的方法就比较简单了，那就是放到最后再做。之所以这么做，完全是因为同等时间内，大家完全可以把其他耗时更少，更容易做完的题目先搞定，最后集中精力再来对付长篇阅读。毕竟这么长一篇文章，读完已经会有头昏脑涨的感觉，如果直接做完，那之后的思路肯定会受到影响，不利于从整体上提分。

而应对长篇阅读的提速心得也很简单，那就是找关键句做标记。大家没有必要把整篇文章精读，第一遍阅读只要知道全文大意和每个段落的意思就可以了。对于一些细节内容，可以先做好标记，等到解题需要用到时再返回定位，如此可以大幅度节省下阅读的时间用以解题。

逻辑类阅读文章需提升思维速度

除了最让人头疼的长篇阅读外，GRE阅读中还有一种比较烧脑的阅读题型，那就是逻辑阅读。虽然逻辑阅读文章一般篇幅较短，但题目难度却往往不低。如果考生的逻辑思维能力不足，面对这类题目往往会觉得比长篇阅读还要困难。因此，应对逻辑阅读的策略就是跟着难度走。看完文章如果马上就能理清逻辑思路找到解题方法，那就直接做完。如果觉得有点绕，一时半会儿想不清楚，同样先跳过留到之后再完成。这样可以避免大家过度消耗脑力，能以思路比较清醒的状态优先做完其他题目。

想要在逻辑阅读部分提速，考生必须提前在备考过程中加强逻辑思维推理判断能力的训练，把各种逻辑常见的出题方式和思维模式提前练熟，对于各种加强削弱无关等题型做到一看就知道怎么解。

短篇阅读应注意快速分辨排除选项

短篇阅读是GRE阅读中对考生最友善的题型。不仅文章篇幅段，而且难度一般也不高，虽然偶尔会有难题，但大部分题目大家一遍读完就能顺手解决。因此想要拿到高分，大家只要仔细一点看清问题就能比较稳妥的拿到分数了。而想要保证准确率，考生可以尝试在读完文章和问题后先不看选项，自己根据理解想一个大概的答案，然后再和选项匹配结果，既能避免干扰，又能提高解题速度。

以上就是小编为大家带来的GRE阅读逻辑部分提速的一些心得，希望各位在阅读中存在困难无法保证解题速度和正确率的考生，能够参考上文内容作出一些调整，提升自己的阅读应试能力，在GRE考试中冲刺高分实现突破。

GRE分类词汇记忆：飞翔

4.1.3 飞翔

flight n. 飞行，飞翔;逃跑

hover v. 翱翔;(人)徘徊

soar v. 高飞，翱翔;猛增

flutter v. 拍翅

plunge v. 俯冲;投入

GRE分类词汇记忆：行走

4.1.2 行走，奔跑

amble n./v. 漫步，缓行

ambulatory adj. (适宜于)步行的

jog v. 慢而平静地前进

meander v. 漫步;蜿蜒而流

perambulate v. 漫步;巡视

peripatetic adj. 巡游的

promenade v./n. 散步;开车兜风

prowl v. 偷偷地漫游，潜行于

ramble n./v. 漫步

saunter n./v. 漫步，闲逛

stroll v. 漫步，闲逛

hobble v. 跛行;蹒跚

jolt v. 颠簸着移动;n. 震动，摇晃

limp v. 跛行;adj. 软弱的，松软的

lumber v. 蹒跚而行，笨拙地走;n. 杂物;木材

lurch v. 蹒跚而行;n. 突然向前或旁边倒

totter v. 步履蹒跚;摇摇欲坠

mince v. 小步走路;切碎

plod v. 重步走;吃力地干

prance v. 昂首阔步

scramble v. 攀登;争夺

scuff v. 拖着脚走

shuffle v. 拖步走，支吾;洗牌

sidle v. (偷偷地)侧身而行

stride v. 大步行走

strut v. 趾高气扬地走;n. 支柱

swagger v. 大摇大摆地走

trek v. 艰苦跋涉

trudge v. 跋涉

waddle v. (鸭子等)摇摇摆摆地走

wade v. 涉水;跋涉

zigzag n./adj. v. 弯弯曲曲地行进;之字形(的)

bolt v. 急逃;n. 螺栓，门闩

dart v. 急驰;投射;n. 飞镖

fleet v. 疾驰，消磨;飞逝，掠过;adj. 快速的

gallop v./n. (马)飞奔;疾驰

hie v. 疾走，催促

lope v. 使大步慢跑;跳跃;n. 轻快的步伐

scamper v. 奔跑，快跑

scud v. 疾行，疾驶

scurry v. 急跑，疾行

scutter v. 疾走

sprint v. 短距离全速奔跑

gait n. 步法，步态

lope n. 轻快的步伐;v. 使大步慢跑;跳跃

pedestrian adj. 徒步的;缺乏想像的;n. 行人

tempo n. (动作、生活的)步调，速度

tread n. 步履;车轮胎面;v. 踩踏

GRE分类词汇记忆：移动

4.1.1 移动(变换位置)

budge v. 移动一点儿;改变立场;(让步)

creep v. 悄悄地移动;匍匐前进(爬行)

flounder v. 艰苦地移动;挣扎;n. 比目鱼

inch v. 慢慢前进，慢慢移动

jog v. 慢而平静地前进

jolt v. 颠簸着移动;n. 震动，摇晃

locomotion n. 移动，运动

locomotive adj. 移动的;n. 机车，火车头

migratory adj. 迁移的，流浪的

mobile adj. 易于移动的

mobility n. 可动性，流动性

motile adj. 能动的，有自动力的

procession n. 前进;行列 (process n. 过程)

remove v. 移走;迁移;脱掉

shuttle v. (使)穿梭移动，往返运送

slither v. 扭动前进，(蛇)滑动

displace v. 换置;使某人某物离开原位

invert v. 上下倒置

restore v. 使回复(还原位置)，恢复;修复，修补

reversion n. 返回(原状、旧习惯);逆转

transpose v. 变换位置，调换

commute v. 坐公交车上下班;交换

decamp v. (士兵)离营;匆忙而秘密地离开

emigrate v. 自本国移居他国

maneuver v./n. (军队)调遣;策略，操纵 (maneuverable adj. 可移动的，可操纵的)

shunt v. 使(火车)转到另一轨道，转移方向

traverse v. 横穿过，横跨

篇2：gre阅读提速技巧有哪些

gre考试阅读如何提速

GRE快速阅读最关键的是在扫描全文的时候把握每段的主旨，并做出标记，在看完全文后对文章的结构主题有大致的了解。gre阅读技巧,gre考试培训做题时，必须去找准确的信息。因此读者在开始阅读之前就得知道问题是什么。其实并不需要去详读一篇文章，需要做的只是surveying、scan-ning和skimming，也就是三大阅读提速技巧。

概读

Surveying——概读。概读一篇文章指的是检查文章的组织结构以了解文章的大意。概读重点往往集中在每段开头结尾等会提出观点或进行总结的关键内容上，而对于详细内容则一般会跳过。

寻读

Scanning——寻读。寻读是指在文章当中找寻诸如一个特定的词、缩写词、日期、数字或首字母缩略词等细节。当Scan(扫描)一篇文章的时候，gre阅读技巧,gre考试培训也是很快地看，但它和浏览不同。扫描是为了寻找某些特定的词句而不是文章的整体;关注的是细节而非主旨。阅读一篇文章时，可能仅仅只为了找一个百分数或者某个特定事件的发生时间，而不是这篇gre阅读考试文章的主旨。寻读可以帮助读者更有效地找到这些信息。

扫读

Skimming——扫读。扫读指迅速浏览一遍gre考试文章，而无需逐字阅读，以了解文章大意。对于需要把握文章大致整体内容的考生来说，扫读是很有用的技巧。

掌握GRE阅读中出现的转折词

GRE阅读文章中常用的转折词有7个：but, however, yet, though, nevertheless, nonetheless, still。其中前四个为强转折词，后三个为让步式转折。读到这里，有的同学可能会疑惑：though不是让步连接词吗?没错，though一般情况下做连词，连接让步状语从句(句内转折)。但是如果是在两个逗号之间的though，则是副词，相当于however。如这句话About the same time, though, scientists realized comets might contain decaying radioactive isotopes that could have warmed cometary interiors to temperatures that caused the interiors to evolve. 此句表明科学家们完全不同意前一句的看法。让步式转折只要出现，必然是考点，同时也是容易丢分的点。

下面我们来一起看一篇GRE阅读文章：

Astronomers who study planet formation once believed that comets—because they remain mostly in the distant Oort cloud, where temperatures are close to absolute zero—must be pristine relics of the material that formed the outer planets. The conceptual shift away from seeing comets as pristine relics began in the 1970s, when laboratory simulations revealed there was sufficient ultraviolet radiation reaching comets to darken their surfaces and there were sufficient cosmic rays to alter chemical bonds or even molecular structure near the surface. Nevertheless, astronomers still believed that when a comet approached the Sun—where they could study it—the Sun’s intense heat would remove the corrupted surface layer, exposing the interior. About the same time, though, scientists realized comets might contain decaying radioactive isotopes that could have warmed cometary interiors to temperatures that caused the interiors to evolve.

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.

1. It can be inferred that the author would agree with which of the following statements about the “laboratory simulations”?

A. The simulations showed that despite the low temperatures in the Oort cloud, there was sufficient energy there to alter comet

B. Astronomers were initially reluctant to accept what simulation showed about the composition of comets

C. The simulations themselves did not eliminate the possibility that comets contain pristine relics of material from the early solar system.

这是一道不定项选择题。答案是AC，很多同学都选上了B选项，他们觉得 laboratory simulations这句话后马上出现了Nevertheless, astronomers still believed……..，因为nevertheless一词, 所以有的同学会觉得astronomers不会接受前一句的laboratory simulations的结果的。但是要知道，nevertheless和 nonetheless一样表示的都是让步式转折，也就是说天文学家接受前一句的实验结果，但是他们持不同的观点。所谓让步式转折就是接受前面的事实陈述部分，但是不接受观点。

GRE填空题出题原理

填空这种形式对于多年参加考试的同学来说并不陌生，之前的考试不管是考什么内容，比如语文，数学，物理等都会出现填空这种形式。我们要了解的是GRE填空这种题目类型的特点。

通过已知信息补全未知信息这种填空题源自格式塔心理学(Gestalt Psychology)，其中谈到：人们在感知不完整事物时，在内心深处总是倾向于将其补全，使之成为一个完整体。体现在填空题目中，出题人会根据信息的对应关系设置空格，需要考生找到空格对应的成分，然后判断期间的关系，进而判断所填信息的大致含义，然后在选项中进行选择。

所以我们可以把GRE填空思路概括成一个公式：

对应——空格

其中，对应是和空格有语义关系的成分，大部分是题目句子中的已知信息，在双空题和三空题中也有可能是空格间的对应;横线“——”代表信息间的关系，基本就是同向或反向的关系。比如举个中文的例子：

轻轻地我走了，正如我______ 来。

(A) 轻轻地

(B) 大义凛然地

(D) 窸窣地

(E) 惊慌失措地

即使没有听过徐志摩的《再别康桥》，根据句子的逻辑关系，也能判断出空格和“轻轻地”对应，而且由于“正如”表示了相似的关系，故选择答案A

下面给出一道官方题目：

The composer has never courted popularity: her rugged modernism seems to defy rather than to ______ the audience.

(A) ignore

(B) discount

(D) teach

(E) cow

(参见Official GRE VERBAL REASONING Practice Questions第58页第1题)

本题中，空格前有rather than这个逻辑表达，表示反向关系，同时在结构上，空格对应了defy，所以最终判断应该选择defy的反义词。defy的意思是“挑衅，蔑视”，选项中合适的是C，woo的意思是“追求，吸引”。

篇3：GRE阅读提速提分2个重要技巧指点解读

GRE阅读提速提分2个重要技巧指点解读

说到GRE阅读提速，不同的考生可能都有自己的独门技巧和方法。但无论如何，有两个要点其实都是绕不开的，那就是泛读技巧和关联词的作用。考生想要真正实现阅读提速而不降低解题的正确率，就必须重视这两点。

具体介绍

GRE阅读提分技巧：代入阅读原文

新GRE阅读，了解它的题型和特点，将题目代入阅读中，是解决问题的很好方向。以前上学的时候经常就是老师将问题留下，才考试进行阅读训练。题目可以对文章起到一个线索作用，这些都是使GRE阅读快速完成的秘诀，所以“快”将是解决新GRE阅读的关键所在。

GRE阅读提分技巧：掌握泛读方法

泛读就是大致看看，但GRE考试题目有时候会考到段落或文章整体结构，这哪里是随便浏览就可以掌握的?人们也总结了很多阅读技巧。它们固然可以帮助读者有效的缩小阅读量，甚至是鼓励大家完全忽视掉那些专业的细节，但这些技巧存在有共同的问题：只对讲解员所讲到的有限的文章适用。改进的办法是发明不同的技巧去应对所有的文章。

这些做法GRE阅读理解的手法理论上是可行的，但在实践上给考生留下了问题：他们不容易知道何时该使用哪些技巧。技巧越多，就越具特殊性，杂多技巧的组合，会让人感到混乱。

另一方面，做题的技巧倒是非常实用，不过，运用做题技巧的基本条件是知道题目考察的是文章的哪个位置;位置的确定也许不能只靠单纯的阅读技巧来碰运气。GRE文章是论证性文字，而不是说明性文字，如电视机的说明书和校园简介，也不是叙述性文字，如长篇小说和短篇小说。GRE考试题目也总是以考论证结构为主。

美征老师介绍，考主题和态度(包括写法型EXCEPT，考负评价的取非，从否定角度考核心内容的一般的EXCEPT);考特殊论证内容，如让步、对比;考句子在段落中的作用(in order to);考有哪些论据(论据列举);考论据中的特殊形式(泛指化)。

由此，新GRE阅读读文章最重要的是分析结构。分析结构是一种研究式的学习，在其要求下，我们的阅读方法是结构化阅读。论证性文字一定是以论证为特点，这特点分布于文章的各个层面：篇章——段落——句子——单词。

篇章由多个论点组成，论点由作为论据的句子构成，句子本身的典型构成是前后场由表示论证关系的词汇连接，体现论证的意义的单词最重要。要想真正读懂文章，必须把所有那些表现论证的字词句抓出，而这却恰好是过去所有阅读方法都忽略的。

GRE阅读提分技巧：了解关联词作用

关联词和广义的关联成分，经过GRE考试的反复宣传，已经获得众所周知的重要性，在此不论。但是，单纯的关联词也可能组成没有新鲜内容的堆砌文章，于是内容上的关联成为必要，这需要靠论证形式，也就是，我们要看一个论点是如何展开的，或说文章是如何结构或论证的。

对一个论点而言，论证的方式是分角度;但不是所有论点都可以分角度，那些不容易分角度的，论点按照其自身潜在包含的内容展开，由此有差异、正、反三类关系，每种关系的论证都相对模式化。这样就可以懂得GRE阅读理解文章每句话在论证上的作用，无须完全依赖对文章各句所涉专业知识的了解。

希望从本文开始的抽象论述到文章分析的具体论述中，读者们可以大致了解，结构化阅读分析的本质和它的运用的益处：我们没有精读，没有泛读，也没有诉诸技巧，而只是问，这个文章各句以及每句各部分是怎么组织起来进行论证论点的，由此就拆解了该文的结构，并顺带分析了所考的四道题目。

评价这些阅读理论的标准，首先应该来自新GRE阅读考试的要求。这要求再简单不过，要求15分钟左右读完和答完一长一短两篇文章的内容和题目。在这个要求下，精读显然是不行的，虽然如果时间足够长，可以保证做对细节题。

以上就是我们对GRE考试中阅读技巧的分析和总结。考生在备战新GRE阅读中对技巧的掌握也是要到位的。阅读中的方法技巧能够帮助考生快速浏览文章并找出有用的信息，屏蔽无用和干扰的信息，迅速锁定答案。这就是GRE阅读技巧的作用。

GRE考试阅读理解模拟题及答案解析

Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following reading passage.

Immediately relevant to game theory are the sex ratios in certain parasitic wasp species that have a large excess of females.

In these species, fertilized eggs develop into females and unfertilized eggs into males.

A female stores sperm and can determine the sex of each egg she lays by fertilizing it or leaving it unfertilized.

By Fisher‘s genetic argument that the sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted, it should pay a female to produce equal numbers of sons and daughters.

Hamilton, noting that the eggs develop within their host—the larva of another insect—and that the newly emerged adult wasps mate immediately and disperse, offered a remarkably cogent analysis.

Since only one female usually lays eggs in a given larva, it would pay her to produce one male only, because this one male could fertilize all his sisters on emergence.

Like Fisher, Hamilton looked for an evolutionarily stable strategy, but he went a step further in recognizing that he was looking for a strategy.

1. The author suggests that the work of Fisher and Hamilton was similar in that both scientists

(A) conducted their research at approximately the same time

(B) sought to manipulate the sex ratios of some of the animals they studied

(D) studied game theory, thereby providing important groundwork for the later development of strategy theory

(E) studied reproduction in the same animal species

(For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply)

2. The passage contains information that would answer which of the following questions about wasps?

□A How many eggs does the female wasp usually lay in a single host larva?

□B Can some species of wasp determine sex ratios among their offspring?

□C What is the approximate sex ratio among the offspring of parasitic wasps?

3. Which of the following is NOT true of the species of parasitic wasps discussed in the passage?

A) Adult female wasps are capable of storing sperm.

B) Female wasps lay their eggs in the larvae of other insects.

C) The adult female wasp can be fertilized by a male that was hatched in the same larva as herself.

D) So few male wasps are produced that extinction is almost certain.

E) Male wasps do not emerge from their hosts until they reach sexual maturity.

Questions 4 to 5 are based on the following reading passage.

Tocqueville, apparently, was wrong. Jacksonian America was not a fluid, egalitarian society where individual wealth and poverty were ephemeral conditions.

At least so argues E. Pessen in his iconoclastic study of the very rich in the United States between 1825 and 1850.

Pessen does present a quantity of examples, together with some refreshingly intelligible statistics, to establish the existence of an inordinately wealthy class.

Though active in commerce or the professions, most of the wealthy were not self-made, but had inherited family fortunes.

In no sense mercurial, these great fortunes survived the financial panics that destroyed lesser ones.

Indeed, in several cities the wealthiest one percent constantly increased its share until by 1850 it owned half of the community‘s wealth.

Although these observations are true, Pessen overestimates their importance by concluding from them that the undoubted progress toward inequality in the late eighteenth century continued in the Jacksonian period and that the United States was a class-ridden, plutocratic society even before industrialization. (162 words)

4. According to the passage, Pessen indicates that all of the following were true of the very wealthy in the United States between 1825 and 1850 EXCEPT:

(A) They formed a distinct upper class.

(B) Many of them were able to increase their holdings.

(C)Some of them worked as professionals or in business.

(D) Most of them accumulated their own fortunes.

(E) Many of them retained their wealth in spite of financial upheavals.

5. Which of the following best states the author‘s main point?

(A) Pessen‘s study has overturned the previously established view of the social and economic structure of early nineteenth-century America.

(B) Tocqueville‘s analysis of the United States in the Jacksonian era remains the definitive account of this period.

(C) Pessen‘s study is valuable primarily because it shows the continuity of the social system in the United States throughout the nineteenth century.

(D) The social patterns and political power of the extremely wealthy in the United States between 1825 and 1850 are well documented.

(E) Pessen challenges a view of the social and economic system in the United States from 1825 to 1850, but he draws conclusions that are incorrect.

Question 6 is based on the following passage.

Anaerobic glycolysis is a process in which energy is produced, without oxygen, through the breakdown of muscle glycogen into lactic acid and adenosine tri- phosphate (ATP), the energy provider.

The amount of energy that can be produced anaerobically is a function of the amount of glycogen present—in all vertebrates about 0.5 percent of their muscles‘ wet weight.

Thus the anaerobic energy reserves of a verte-brate are proportional to the size of the animal.

If, for example, some predators had attacked a 100-ton dinosaur, normally torpid, the dinosaur would have been able to generate almost instantaneously, via anaerobic glycolysis, the energy of 3,000 humans at maximum oxidative metabolic energy production.

6. The passage‘s suggestion that the total anaerobic energy reserves of a vertebrate are proportional to the vertebrate‘s size is based on which of the following assumption?

(A) larger vertebrates conserve more energy than smaller vertebrates

(B) larger vertebrates use less oxygen per unit weight than smaller vertebrates

(D) the amount of muscle tissue in a vertebrate is directly related to its size

(E) the size of a vertebrate is proportional to the quantity of energy it can utilize

Questions 7-10 are based on the following passage.

Extraordinary creative activity has been characterized as revolutionary, flying in the face of what is established and producing not what is acceptable but what will become accepted.

According to this formulation, highly creative activity transcends the limits of an existing form and establishes a new principle of organization.

However, the idea that extraordinary creativity transcends established limits is misleading when it is applied to the arts, even though it may be valid for the sciences.

Difference between highly creative art and highly creative science arise in part from a difference in their goals.

For the sciences, a new theory is the goal and end result of the creative act. Innovative science produces new propositions in terms of which diverse phenomena can be related to one another in more coherent ways.

Such phenomena as a brilliant diamond or a nesting bird are relegated to the role of data, serving as the means for formulating or testing a new theory.

The goal of highly creative art is very different: the phenomenon itself becomes the direct product of the creative act.

Shakespeare‘s Hamlet is not a tract about the behavior of indecisive princes or the uses of political power; nor is Picasso‘s painting Guernica primarily a propositional statement about the Spanish Civil War or the evils of fascism.

What highly creative artistic activity produces is not a new generalization that transcends established limits, but rather an aesthetic particular.

Aesthetic particulars produced by the highly creative artist extend or exploit, in an innovative way, the limits of an existing form, rather than transcend that form.

This is not to deny that a highly creative artist sometimes establishes a new principle of organization in the history of an artistic field; the composer Monteverdi, who created music of the highest aesthetic value, comes to mind.

More generally, however, whether or not a composition establishes a new principle in the history of music has little bearing on its aesthetic worth.

Because they embody a new principle of organization, some musical works, such as the operas of the Florentine Camerata, are of signal historical importance, but few listeners or musicologists would include these among the great works of music.

On the other hand, Mozart‘s The Marriage of Figaro is surely among the masterpieces of music even though its modest innovations are confined to extending existing means.

It has been said of Beethoven that he toppled the rules and freed music from the stifling confines of convention.

But a close study of his compositions reveals that Beethoven overturned no fundamental rules.

Rather, he was an incomparable strategist who exploited limits—the rules, forms, and conventions that he inherited from predecessors such as Haydn and Mozart, Handel and Bach—in strikingly original ways.

(For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply)

7. The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions?

(A) Has unusual creative activity been characterized as revolutionary?

(B) Did Beethoven work within a musical tradition that also included Handel and Bach?

(C) Who besides Monteverdi wrote music that the author would consider to embody new principles of organization and to be of high aesthetic value?

8. The author regards the idea that all highly creative artistic activity transcends limits with

(A) deep skepticism

(B) strong indignation

(D) moderate amusement

(E) sharp derision

9. The author implies that an innovative scientific contribution is one that

(A) is cited with high frequency in the publications of other scientists

(B) is accepted immediately by the scientific community

(D) presents the discovery of a new scientific fact

(E) introduces a new valid generalization

10. Which of the following statements would most logically concluded the last paragraph of the passage?

(A) Unlike Beethoven, however, even the greatest of modern composers, such as Stravinsky, did not transcend existing musical forms.

(B) In similar fashion, existing musical forms were even further exploited by the next generation of great European composers.

(D) By contrast, the view that creativity in the arts exploits but does not transcend limits is supported in the field of literature.

(E) Actually, Beethoven‘s most original works were largely unappreciated at the time that they were first performed.

Immediately relevant to game theory are the sex ratios in certain parasitic wasp species that have a large excess of females.

某些寄生性胡蜂种群内雌性的数量远超雄性，这种性别比与博弈论紧密相关。

倒装句，正常的语序是 the sex ratios(一堆修饰成分) are immediately relevant to game theory.

game theory：博弈论

In these species, fertilized eggs develop into females and unfertilized eggs into males.

在这些种群内，受精卵发育为雌蜂，而未受精卵发育为雄蜂。

A female stores sperm and can determine the sex of each egg she lays by fertilizing it or leaving it unfertilized.

雌蜂携带精子，它可以通过选择是否让其受精来决定每一枚它产的卵的性别。

F的遗传学观点认为，让每一个体产生最多后代并因此传播自身基因的性别比最具竞争优势，生育数量相当的两种性别的后代对雌蜂是最有利的。

(F哥的观点，前边都没问题，使劲生尽量让自己的基因被表达和传播，但结论很怪，他说要生儿女一边多的最好，莫非蜂是一夫一妻制，怪了点。)

Hamilton, noting that the eggs develop within their host—the larva of another insect—and that the newly emerged adult wasps mate immediately and disperse, offered a remarkably cogent analysis.

H，注意到卵都是在宿主内发育——另一种昆虫的幼虫——而且新生的蜂成熟后立刻交配并离开，提出了一种相当有说服力的分析。

Since only one female usually lays eggs in a given larva, it would pay her to produce one male only, because this one male could fertilize all his sisters on emergence.

既然每只幼虫只有一只雌蜂产卵，只生产一只雄蜂才最有利，因为这只雄蜂已经足够为它所有的姐妹提供精子。

(H哥的观点更合理，一只雄蜂已经足够用了，在保证有精子的情况下，雌蜂越多越能保证产生更多后代。)

Like Fisher,Hamilton looked for an evolutionarily stable strategy, but he went a step further in recognizing that he was looking for a strategy.

H和F都寻找一种进化论意义上的稳定策略，但H更进一步，他意识到自己是在寻找这样一种策略。

1. The author suggests that the work of Fisher and Hamilton was similar in that both scientists

(A) conducted their research at approximately the same time

(B) sought to manipulate the sex ratios of some of the animals they studied

(D) studied game theory, thereby providing important groundwork for the late development of strategy theory

(E) studied reproduction in the same animal species

选C。

他们都尝试解释为什么这些寄生蜂种群内有特定的性别比，且能保持这个比例稳定。

(For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply)

2. The passage contains information that would answer which of the following questions about wasps?

□A How many eggs does the female wasp usually lay in a single host larva?

□B Can some species of wasp determine sex ratios among their offspring?

□C What is the approximate sex ratio among the offspring of parasitic wasps?

不定项选择，有时候真的会选3个。

选B。

A在瞎聊显然没有。

关于C，其实我们知道C问题的相关信息，一个寄主内一只雄蜂，但因为不知道寄主内卵的总数，所以不能确定性别比。不能answer，所以不选C。

3. Which of the following is NOT true of the species of parasitic wasps discussed in the passage?

(A) Adult female wasps are capable of storing sperm.

(B) Female wasps lay their eggs in the larva of other insects.

(D) So few male wasps are produced that extinction is almost certain.

(E) Male wasps do not emerge from their hosts until they reach sexual maturity.

选D。

其实我个人对E是不确定的，但由于D实在错的明显且单选。

Questions 4 to 5 are based on the following reading passage.

Tocqueville, apparently, was wrong. Jacksonian America was not a fluid, egalitarian society where individual wealth and poverty were ephemeral conditions.

托克维尔认为杰克森时代的美国是平等的，穷人有机会使自己跻身富裕阶层，似乎(有人认为)他错了。

(apparently，这个词有两种解释，都是源于apparent。一种是“显而易见地，明显地”;一种是“似乎是这样地(其实未必如此)，表面上地”。下文可以看出作者拿出的证据都是间接的(P的研究结果)，且最终作者否定了P的结论，所以 apparently 应该做“似乎”讲，取第二种解释。此处 Ch'en Meng 老师的文档把 apparently 译成“显然”我认为是错误的。

Jachsonian，杰克逊的，这里的杰克逊是美国第七任总统(任期1828-1836)安德鲁·杰克逊，一直被认为是美国最杰出的十位总统之一，民主党创建者之一。与本题无关。)

At least so argues E. Pessen in his iconoclastic study of the very rich in the United States between 1825 and 1850.

至少E·Pessen的颠覆传统的研究这样认为，ta的研究对象是1825-1850年的美国超富阶层。

(倒装句，正常语序是 At least E·Pessen argues so in his iconoclastic study of …… )

Pessen does present a quantity of examples, together with some refreshingly intelligible statistics, to establish the existence of an inordinately wealthy class.

P的确列举了若干例子，结合一些明显的数据，以勾勒出这个超越常人理解的富裕阶层，使人耳目一新。

Though active in commerce or the professions, most of the wealthy were not self-made, but had inherited family fortunes.

(然而)尽管大部分富人在各自的职业领域相当活跃，其巨额财富却是来自家族传承，而非个人奋斗。

In no sense mercurial, these great fortunes survived the financial panics that destroyed lesser ones.

经济恐慌时期，这些巨富毫无意外得以全身而退，小规模的资本却悉数倾覆。

(in no sense 绝不(adv.);mercurial 反复无常的，难以预测的。

in no sense mercurial 是说这些巨富能够从经济恐慌时期存活下来，不是偶然的，是毫不令人意外的。)

Indeed, in several cities the wealthiest one percent constantly increased its share until by 1850 it owned half of the community‘s wealth.

实际上在某些城市，前1%的富人的财富持续增加，直到1850年，已占他们所在区域总财富的半数。

即便这些观察是真实的，P也高估了它们的重要性，并误以为这个无疑是不平等的进程在杰克逊时代得以继续，甚至使美国在完成工业化以前，就成为一个等级森严的，由财阀统治的社会。

4. According to the passage, Pessen indicates that all of the following were true of the very wealthy in the United States between 1825 and 1850 EXCEPT:

(A) They formed a distinct upper class.

(B) Many of them were able to increase their holdings.

(C)Some of them worked as professionals or in business.

(D) Most of them accumulated their own fortunes.

(E) Many of them retained their wealth in spite of financial upheavals.

选D。

见第四句。

5. Which of the following best states the author‘s main point?

(A) Pessen‘s study has overturned the previously established view of the social and economic structure of early nineteenth-century America.

(B) Tocqueville‘s analysis of the United States in the Jacksonian era remains the definitive account of this period.

(C) Pessen‘s study is valuable primarily because it shows the continuity of the social system in the United States throughout the nineteenth century.

(D) The social patterns and political power of the extremely wealthy in the United States between 1825 and 1850 are well documented.

(E) Pessen challenges a view of the social and economic system in the United States from 1825 to 1850, but he draws conclusions that are incorrect.

选E。

有点儿重要，多说几句。

P的研究虽然是反传统的，但是他overturn学界对这个时期的社会经济结构观点吗?显然没有，第7句可见他的结论是有问题的。

托克维尔对于杰克森时代的美国的分析仍然是权威(definitive)的吗?

最大干扰项。

托克维尔是著名的法国历史学家，政治家，贵族出身的他曾游历美国，写下著名的《美国的民主》(还有《美国游记》及大量书信)，一直被认为是美国社会的旁观者之眼。如果你跟我一样有这种半吊子背景知识，怎么看都觉得这个选项对。可惜即便“托克维尔观点”真的有这种地位，文中也看不出来，作者明确表态的内容，仅限于P质疑托克维尔，P的结论有问题，并不能证明托克维尔的观点就是权威的。所以，重申我们在填空题讲解中就一次次叮嘱各位的那种观点，

“GRE文字推理部分，如果你没有背景知识——是一种幸运，倘若不幸具备一些背景知识——切记要非常谨慎地使用，一切从文本和常识出发。”

不一定是valuable的，也不一定有continuity。

documented 用文件证实或证明的，明确记录的。

显然不够明确(not well)，否则也不会产生这么多分歧，学者们各说各话。

Question 6 is based on the following passage.

Anaerobic glycolysis is a process in which energy is produced, without oxygen, through the breakdown of muscle glycogen into lactic acid and adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) , the energy provider.

无氧糖酵解是一个无氧情况下生产能量的过程，分解的鸡糖原转化为乳酸，和三磷酸腺苷也就是能量提供者。

(读这句话我也快疯了，两个办法，查字典，或者用缩写代号。我还写了一个代号版本：

AG是一个无氧情况下生产能量的过程，分解的肌肉GLYCG转化成乳酸和ATP也就是能量的提供者。

还是用填空题的经验，“不认识的词猜测它的语法角色，然后用代号代表”。)

The amount of energy that can be produced anaerobically is a function of the amount of glycogen present—in all vertebrates about 0.5 percent of their muscles‘ wet weight.

无氧(代谢)能够产生的能量值是一个关于体内糖原的函数——在所有脊椎动物中，这个值与他们肌肉湿重的0.5%相关。

(A是B的函数，就是用含B的式子能够表示或推算A的值。这里的function再翻译成功能就不通顺了。)

Thus the anaerobic energy reserves of a vertebrate are proportional to the size of the animal.

所以，一只脊椎动物所蕴含的无氧能量(最大)储备与它们的体型有关。

如果，比如说，有什么掠食者攻击了一头100吨重的恐龙，一般都是趁龙先生睡觉的时候，一瞬间恐龙先生通过无氧糖酵解产生的能量，大概相当于3000个人类有氧代谢能产生的能量最大值的总和。

6. The passage‘s suggestion that the total anaerobic energy reserves of a vertebrate are proportional to the vertebrate‘s size is based on which of the following assumption?

(A) larger vertebrates conserve more energy than smaller vertebrates

(B) larger vertebrates use less oxygen per unit weight than smaller vertebrates

(D) the amount of muscle tissue in a vertebrate is directly related to its size

(E) the size of a vertebrate is proportional to the quantity of energy it can utilize

选D

很好的一道逻辑题。

请在看一遍2，3两句话。

然后整理一下它们的逻辑链条。

1)无氧糖解产生的能量;

2)体内蕴含的糖原，也就是肌肉湿重的05%;

3)动物的体型大小。

第2句告诉我们，1)和2)相关;

第3句接着告诉我们，因此1)和3)也相关。

现在题目问我们第3句是基于什么样的一个假设。

希望你能敏锐地察觉到，这个假设就是 “2)和3)相关”。

再说个类似的描述，“我跟你同班”，“我跟他同班”，隐含着一个“你跟他也同班”的假设。

多说几句。像这种短文章，只有一道题，有些老师会告诉你，读完问题去文中找答案，我个人表示保留。如果你阅读能力足够强，看懂第四句话用不了多长时间;如果你读不懂，你也未必能迅速判断它跟题目无关。所以说到底，提高你的阅读速度和理解力，不要想那些抄近路的小花招。在标准化考试中，真正能帮你的是实力，不是窍门和好运气，又不是买彩票，你同意吗。

最无辜的还是恐龙先生，你继续睡吧。

Questions 7-10 are based on the following passage.

Extraordinary creative activity has been characterized as revolutionary, flying in the face of what is established and producing not what is acceptable but what will become accepted.

非凡的创造性活动是一种革命，它与现有的规则格格不入，创造不是为了讨好，而是为了改变。

According to this formulation, highly creative activity transcends the limits of an existing form and establishes a new principle of organization.

根据这个定义，高创造性活动超越现有形式的限制，建立一种新的规范。

However, the idea that extraordinary creativity transcends established limits is misleading when it is applied to the arts, even though it may be valid for the sciences.

然而，“卓越创造超越成规”的观点在艺术领域是不成立的，尽管它可能适用于科学界。

Difference between highly creative art and highly creative science arise in part from a difference in their goals.

高创造性艺术品与创造性科学研究的区别，缘于他们迥异的初衷。

对科学来说，新的理论是创造活动的目标和最终结果。新的科学制造新的命题，用以更条理分明地解释相关联的不同现象。

Such phenomena as a brilliant diamond or a nesting bird are relegated to the role of data, serving as the means for formulating or testing a new theory.

比如，一颗夺目的钻石或者一只筑巢的鸟都会被记录成某种数据，用以归纳或测试一种新理论。

The goal of highly creative art is very different: the phenomenon itself becomes the direct product of the creative act.

高创造性艺术的目标则完全不同：现象本身就是创造性活动的直接产物。

莎士比亚的哈姆雷特并非只为描述一个优柔寡断的王子或者或政治权谋;毕加索的格尔尼卡的主题也并非主要关于西班牙内战或法西斯主义。

What highly creative artistic activity produces is not a new generalization that transcends established limits, but rather an aesthetic particular.

高创造性艺术活动要完成的并非一种超越成规的新概括，而是一个具体的美学对象。

Aesthetic particulars produced by the highly creative artist extend or exploit, in an innovative way, the limits of an existing form, rather than transcend that form.

高创造性艺术家创造的具体的美学对象，以新的方式拓展或利用了旧有的艺术形式，而不是超越它们。

不能否认，某领域的艺术史上确有高创造性艺术家建立过新的组织原则;作品艺术价值达到巅峰的作曲家蒙特威尔第就属于这种情况。

(Monteverdi，意大利作曲家(1567-1643)，被认为是歌剧这种形式的创始人)

More generally, however, whether or not a composition establishes a new principle in the history of music has little bearing on its aesthetic worth.

然而，更多普遍的情况是，一件作品是否在音乐史上建立了一种新的原则跟它的艺术价值无关。

一些音乐作品，比如 Florentine Camerata 的一些歌剧，体现了新的组织原则，在音乐史上具有一定的重要性，但没什么听众或音乐评家认为它们属于最伟大的音乐作品。

On the other hand, Mozart‘s The Marriage of Figaro is surely among the masterpieces of music even though its modest innovations are confined to extending existing means.

另一方面，尽管莫扎特的费加罗的婚礼只是稍微扩展了前人的手法，却足以被称为杰作。

It has been said of Beethoven that he toppled the rules and freed music from the stifling confines of convention.

有人说贝多芬颠覆了规则，把音乐从使人窒息的传统限制中解放出来。

But a close study of his compositions reveals that Beethoven overturned no fundamental rules.

但如果你详细地研究它的作品就会发现，贝多芬没有颠覆任何规则。

相反，他是无人企及的利用各种限制的大师，他从海顿、莫扎特、韩德尔、巴赫等前辈音乐家那里继承了很多规则、形式和传统，并极具创造性地加以利用。

( For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply )

7. The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions?

(A) Has unusual creative activity been characterized as revolutionary?

(B) Did Beethoven work within a musical tradition that also included Handel and Bach?

(C) Who besides Monteverdi wrote music that the author would consider to embody new principles of organization and to be of high aesthetic value?

选AB。

A 第1句。

B 第17句。

C 既创立新规则又受到听众好评的只举了Monteverdi，Florentine Camerata 时期的作品听众就不是很爱。

8. The author regards the idea that all highly creative artistic activity transcends limits with

(A) deep skepticism

(B) strong indignation

(D) moderate amusement

(E) sharp derision

选A。

A 深深怀疑; B 强烈愤怒; C 明显地漠不关心; D 觉得有点好玩; E 尖锐的嘲笑

你看看!不背单词行么!

9. The author implies that an innovative scientific contribution is one that

(A) is cited with high frequency in the publications of other scientists

(B) is accepted immediately by the scientific community

(D) presents the discovery of a new scientific fact

(E) introduces a new valid generalization

选E。

第5、6句。

10. Which of the following statements would most logically concluded the last paragraph of the passage?

(A) Unlike Beethoven, however, even the greatest of modern composers, such as Stravinsky, did not transcend existing musical forms.

(B) In similar fashion, existing musical forms were even further exploited by the next generation of great European composers.

(D) By contrast, the view that creativity in the arts exploits but does not transcend limits is supported in the field of literature.

(E) Actually, Beethoven‘s most original works were largely unappreciated at the time that they were first performed.

选B。

A项出现的Stravinsky、D的literture，文中都没出现过，无法判断，一定不选;

E贝多芬的作品初演，当时的听众喜欢不喜欢我们不知道，也不选;

C，很多作曲家都展示出了Monteverdi那样的多方面的才华(既创造新形式，又具有音乐性被人喜欢)，文中再看不到这种例子，不选;

B 伟大的欧洲作曲家创立的那些音乐形式在(贝多芬)以后仍然被后辈音乐家利用。从作者否定“贝多芬是颠覆性的”的态度，可以推测出这种倾向(大概有种“贝多芬都不颠覆你颠覆个鬼”的意味，酱)。

篇4：gre考试阅读备考综合技巧介绍

gre考试阅读备考综合技巧介绍

gre阅读考试技巧一：一定要取舍

a)让步分句(如：带although的分句、带it is true的分句、带do的分句等)一律跳过(但是用括号括起来)，只看后半个分句;

b)such as后的内容一律跳过，也用括号括起来，不过我会数数列举的个数，如果是4个，则必出题，其他个数不用管，出题了再回头看;

c)for example举例只要提炼关键词的首字母就可以了，也要括起来，重点看后面或前面的结论。

d)原因——标志词常为BECause、since——一律跳过，括起来，只看结果。比较容易被忽略的是result in和result from，遇到这两个，我在下面划横线做标记。

e)老观点只把握关键词、知道讲的是什么就行，其他一律跳过。

f)冒号后一律跳过，冒号下做标记。

g)分号后一律跳过，因为表示并列，内容和前面大体一致，分号做标记，出题的话再回来看。

现在的标准是：上面这些全看，因为速度上来了，但看这些内容时仍然是“毫无感觉”地看，可以不用担心它们会分散注意力了。

当这些内容都做标记后，文章结构就非常清楚了，哪儿是举例、哪儿是结论、哪儿是原因、哪儿是转折一目了然，定位非常容易。

gre考试长篇阅读技巧二：分析结构

由此，新GRE阅读读文章最重要的是分析结构。分析结构是一种研究式的学习，在其要求下gre考试备考,gre考试培训，我们的阅读方法是结构化阅读。论证性文字一定是以论证为特点，这特点及于文章的各个层面：篇章-段落-句子-单词。

篇章由多个论点组成，论点由作为论据的句子构成，句子本身的典型构成是前后场由表示论证关系的词汇连接，体现论证的意义的单词最重要。要真懂得文章，必须把所有那些表现论证的字词句抓出，而这却恰好是过去所有阅读方法都忽略的。

关联词和广义的关联成分，经过GRE考试的反复宣传，已经获得众所周知的重要性，在此不论。但是，单纯的关联词也可能组成没有新鲜内容的堆砌文章，于是内容上的关联成为必要，这靠论证形式，也就是，我们要看一个论点是如何展开的，或说文章是如何结构或论证的。

gre考试备考阅读技巧三：分角度论证

评价这些阅读理论的标准，首先应该来自新GRE阅读考试的要求。这要求简单不过，要求15分钟左右读完答完一长一短两篇文章的内容和题目。在这个要求下，精读显然不行，虽然如果时间足够长，可以保证做对细节题。

GRE长难句练习及解析：想象力更深刻

In effect， in trying to demonstrate that the imagination is more profound and less submissive to the intellect than Saint-Beuve assumed， Proust elicited vital memories of his own and， finding subtle connections between them， began to amass the material for Remembrance.

译文：事实上，为了试图证明想象力要比Saint-Beuve的假设来得更为深刻，且并非那么易于屈服于理性，Proust引发了他自己的至关重要的记忆，发现它们之间不无微妙的联系，便开始为Remembrance收集材料。

解释：该句是考察复杂修饰和插入语的。句首是表目的的状语从句：in trying to demonstrate that the imagination is more profound and less submissive to the intellect than Saint-Beuve assumed。然后是finding引导的插入语隔断了前面连接句子的and的后半部分，影响了考生对整句的把握。

解法：看到句首是介词短语引导的状语从句，就先直接往后找句子主语，找到主语之后，直接跳过出现成对逗号的插入语往后看完整的句子。最后，再回头看插入语部分的补充信息对句子整体进行进一步的理解。

GRE长难句练习及解析：伊斯兰

Islam, on the other hand, represented a radical breakaway from the Arab paganism that preceded it; Islamic law is the result of an examination, from a religious angle, of legal subject matter that was far from uniform, comprising as it did the various components of the laws of pre-Islamic Arabia and numerous legal elements taken over from the non-Arab peoples of the conquered territories.

Islam,/ on the other hand,/ represented a radical breakaway/ from the Arab paganism/ that preceded it;/ Islamic law/ is the result of/ an examination,/ from a religious angle,/ of legal subject matter/ that was/ far from uniform,/ comprising as it did/ the various components/ of the laws of pre-Islamic Arabia/ and numerous legal elements/ taken over from/ the non-Arab peoples/ of the conquered territories.

译文：伊斯兰，在另一方面，代表着与伊斯兰法以前的阿拉伯异教的决裂;伊斯兰法是一种从宗教的角度检查的结果，检查的对象是远远谈不上统一的法律主体事物;它包括了伊斯兰教出现以前的阿拉伯法律的种.种成分，并包含了很多被征服的非阿拉伯地区那里拿来的法律因素。

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