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gre写作之作文怎么改呢

时间：2025年05月06日

来源：十九工程師

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下面是小编整理的gre写作之作文怎么改呢，本文共12篇，希望能帮助到大家!本文原稿由网友“十九工程師”提供。

篇1：gre写作之作文怎么改呢

gre写作之作文怎么改

1、积累足够多的形容词，辨析他们之间的不同，vocabulary.com是个很棒的网站。里面有近义词的辨析。比如significant, vital, crucial, critical, indispensable都是重要，那具体有什么区别呢?

2、不要放过英语场景，那是学习形容词准确意思的非常好的机会。比如某期美国好声音里shakira在形容一个歌手声音的时候用的词是otherworldly，那么因为我们实际的听到了那个声音，所有会真正的理解在老外眼里什么声音是“空灵的”。

3、在写作过程中觉得有个词不好，又没有积累的情况下，可以找相关的可能出现这个词的英语场景。比如我写了a good job，但是不知道还能用什么词来替代good, 那我认为在wikipedia上搜索“the pursuit of happiness”《当幸福来敲门》应该会找到答案。

gre作文修改的过程就是一个提高的过程，绝对不能写完了不改就扔在一边，那样只能停留在原来的水平。推荐大家先不限时写几篇，写完一篇就立刻打印出来逐字逐句修改，把过于简单的词和句子一一替换，注意别用太难的词和没把握的词，能用到6级词汇就差不多了，如果想要添加一下较难的词汇建议大家用词典将相应单词查找出来，用进文章里，并且将这个词的含义，词性，用法以及搭配都摘抄到笔记本上。久而久之，你便会形成自己的单词库，还能在无意识间扩大词汇量。

gre作文修改还需要做的一点就是找到自己认为漂亮实用的句式，往自己的gre独立写作里套。尤其开头段，结尾段以及中间各段的衔接，找到了漂亮的句式就从此永远用这个不要再改了，这就是自己独家的写作模板。

GRE作文高分句式参考

GRE常用作文例子借鉴，下面是常见的写作的三个部分，开头、正文以及结尾部分，分别有相应的句型介绍，希望可以供大家参考。

开头：

In this analysis, the arguer claims that … should … To substantiate the conclusion, the arguer cites the example of … where … In addition, the arguer assumes that … This argument is unconvincing for several critical flaws.

正文：

For instance … since … what’s more … etc.

and how well it represented the public opinions..

The sample of the survey is not representative.

(样本太小)

the sample is too small to...

(光数字没比例)

the ratio of four to six

there is only figures but no proportion of the survey 还是ratio?

Insufficient Sample

If the [respondents] only stand for a tiny proportion of the whole [group], we should not be so sure about the conclusion that [the whole group…]

The arguer commits a fallacy of hasty generalization.

It was only carried out in Sun City, but the arguer applies its result to all the company’s markets while doesn’t show us whether Sun City is a representative market of the whole markets.

有的病人会对抗生素过敏

the arguer commits a fallacy of hasty generalization. Even if the maintenance of the airline has been improved as a result of sending its mechanics to the Seminar, which is, of course, an unwarranted assumption, it does not follow that 就算怎样，也不怎样

The survey is based on two isolated examples. The arguer should survey more hospitals of both types.

循环假设

The arguer commits a fallacy of begging the question in assuming that …

结尾：

other possible causes of the …

To conclude, this argument is not persuasive as it stands.

48天GRE写作备考规划

大家都是为了梦想才来考G，于是坚持是最要紧的!我想，不要有依赖心理，朋友都是好人，家人也会帮你，但是要想成功什么的只能靠你自己。心里想着不允许自己给自己找借口就对了。最后就是努力的目标了，如果你不是一个超级坚强而有毅力的人(也许所谓牛人就是指这些人)，那么对你而言，法乎其上仅得其中，每天的计划都要多订一些，比如订40个提纲也许你只列得到10个但是订10个你恐怕就只有完成8个了，一定要告诉自己我需要十二万分的努力，即使世上有很多幸运儿，幸运也只是一时的，永远幸运的人绝对是一直努力的人。这样去朝每天的目标奋斗直到解脱为止。

我ARGUMENT写了有三十几篇吧，不算重写的话，不过喜剧的是考的I是我写过的，A却是没有写过的，只是认真看了几遍总结了一些提纲而已。不过，幸运的是，基本上每篇写了的ISSUE我都有认真的修改过很多遍，后来冲刺列提纲的时候还进行了复习，现在考试居然考到了写过的题，虽然我还是完全重新写的，但自己感觉对这个题的认识已经是另一种境界了。我以前自己写文是从来都不注意改的，后来经过这些修改和总结真的是进步了很多，看看最早写的文我自己都想大笑怎么写成这种的。当然很多情况是考不到你写过的，我考试前也为这个很慌，后来重看了imong特训里面的总是新题那一节，就觉得无所谓了。而且，我想如果你考到了没写过的没写好，绝对比考到了你写过却还是没有写好的心情好受的。所以写一篇一定要写好，改好复习，这是为了不让自己遗憾。你不知道机会会不会来但是你要保证如果它来你是准备好了的。这是通过准备AW我学到的东西。当然看见是你写过的也不要紧张，按总是新题的想法走，不要想要写成和原来一样，抱定一个决心就是一定要写出我自己最深刻的认识就可以了。其他的如语言啊，到你考试的时候已经是改变不了的事了，只有拿不准的坚决不用，实在不行保持用的最少。

我想每个经历了AW的人都会有很多的经验啊，总结啊的，考过的同学大家都会介绍很多很好的经验，只要你认真找认真看，就会有很大的收获。推荐一个大牛silentwings的blog，里面有很多好东西尤其是语法和句子的练习。真的很好，特别适合时间比较充裕(比如还有一个月左右)并且在写一段时间作文后发现自己的语法句法等等糟糕得不行而郁闷万分的同学。还有就是苏明明的写作综述那一系列的都很好。关于作文的资料可以说是浩如烟海了，要把它看完是相当艰巨的。推荐一个方法，在看的初期把觉得有用的东西自己做个索引，我是因为我的explore收藏夹是空的就利用了那个。先看看标题啊什么的，把你觉得好的网站和网页先飞快的浏览一遍，几十秒钟就可以看一个了，然后自己另外给那个网页取个名字收藏起来，这样在后来需要的时候可以节约很多时间。

我的目标一直都是四分，最高的梦想是4。5，最初定的计划是把A和I的提纲全列完……后来可想而知的是全盘失败……这个就不提了……不过我把ARGUMENT的提纲还是有过过的。我开始过得很慢，一般看十篇就是三、四个小时了。一直到今天早上还有四十篇没有看，才开始发慌。但是我还是镇定的把高频的中文分析全部再看了一次然后才再看的那些没有看过的，这时候的速度简直是行云流水啊，是根本连单词都不看了只看中文的提纲分析。到早上10：11分才全部搞定。汗死了…其实这样也不失为一个办法，大家可以在初期试用，然后你以后写文的时候很多单词就不用再查了，因为你对全文的大意是有印象的，我分析了ARGUMENT的题库发现很多单词其实并不会阻碍你的理解和写作的，主要是你开始不知道全篇的中文大意所以才会慌乱。看过中文提纲及分析以后，写文时就相对更不容易发慌，很多单词有时都可以猜出来。

最后实现了从英语文盲到半文盲的转变……第一次写文我是限了时间的，I写了三百多字A写了接近三百吧，当时巨傻，对AW是没有什么概念的，我都不知道有北美范文这本书的存在，后来是在教室遇见一个也考这个的同学热心的告诉我可以看北美……然后我决心写一篇就对到北美改一篇直到我也写成那种为止…坚持了五天以后…我到gter上发了第一篇文。其实当时是没有指望有人给我改的，虽然之前给别人改过，不过那是很久前的事情了，而且我又写的很烂。结果当天一位叫hp314的G友就帮我改了，从中学到了很多东西，可以说是打破了某种错误观念吧，认识到很多不足。感动ing~~~

到了三月中旬，发现还有官方范文的存在，第一次看了官方以后我郁闷非常，感觉是和北美完全就不是一回事情嘛!郁闷之中发现了imong关于的ARGUMENT的几篇文，看这个系列，我是很仔细的，起码看了一周多，每篇基本都看了四遍以上，在看完了这些以后我遇见了瓶颈，持续时间之长简直无法形容……不过当时还是多坚强的，心想还早噻，不用紧张，就一直无所谓的继续写文。当时字数达到了前所未有的低谷啊，我记得最少的一篇A写了200词左右……到了四月了我开始着急，觉得作文没有提高啊什么的，后来就一直研究官方范文，直到有一天再看了一遍imong的特训，然后想原来是这样的啊。再继续研究官方，到考前六天的时候完全的限时成功。自己感受到的是，官方范文绝对是重要的东西，要好好去琢磨，不论看了多少大牛的总结，没有自己研究是感受不来别人感受到的东西的，盲目的模仿只有邯郸学步。无论多么痛苦了还是要坚持自己去找答案，别人的东西无论怎么样都是引导性的作用，因为没人可以代替你思考。总的来说四月我是很颓废的，即使是以前帮了我很多的东西都不想再去看。跑去堕落的整msn.space和Q-ZONE啊什么的，这个其实是很不对的，对我是自身意志力的原因，比照以前我的毅力已经是突破极限了，但是大家能够不要酱紫还是千万不要啊。如果万一成了我这种，那也一定不要放弃，一直坚持到最后，不停的鼓励自己，到无能为力。

最后说下突击吧，我ISSUE突击的方式是提纲还是分类列。只是只列每类的高频就是了。ARGUMENT我基本没有突击还是像以前一样慢慢在看，还好没抽到诡异的题。考前几天的时候，我本来想放弃了，黄瓜帮我改的文起到了醍醐灌顶的作用，突然就振作起来了，写了作文，开始奋力列提纲，告诉自己不要放弃!后来她也一直鼓励我，很温暖很感动! 昨天的时候，突然觉得像是永远也走不到头了样的郁闷，但是小竹子给我说简单，还鼓励了我，今天带着信心和平常心去考试，感觉真的很好!然后是打字我的经验是，我平时是用了个极其恶劣的键盘在打，就是半天敲不动一个字那种，而且经常你按了他还是不反应……结果今天去写文打了好多字出来绝对比平时多多了……两篇写完居然都有时间检查!I还留了五分钟。body写了四段，有两段超级长。I和A平均应该可以到四分吧，我很满足。

总的来说，物品从这个考试中学会了很多事，也想了很多事，以前做事经常就凭直觉啊什么什么的，很多东西没有去想它，因为也用不着。也看了很多书，都是那种被动的接受的很少去挑错啊什么的，现在我随便看什么都会从正反两面去看啊，去想它逻辑何在啊什么的，批判的接受一些东西。突然之间打破了以为会永远套在身上的枷锁，再也不像应试教育时一样的茫茫然，又痛苦着觉得到处受压迫。所以，我觉GRE作文考试真的很不错，即使我没有得什么高分，我也觉得钱花得值得。

篇2：GRE出国考试写作之GRE出国考试作文

GRE出国考试写作之GRE出国考试作文范例

The Trash-Site Safety Council has recently conducted a statewide study of possible harmful effects of garbage sites on the health of people living near the sites. A total of five sites and 300 people were examined. The study revealed, on average, only a small statistical correlation between the proximity of homes to garbage sites and the incidence of unexplained rashes among people living in these homes. Furthermore, although it is true that people living near the largest trash sites had a slightly higher incidence of the rashes, there was otherwise no correlation between the size of the garbage sites and peoples health. Therefore, the council is pleased to announce that the current system of garbage sites does not pose a significant health hazard. We see no need to restrict the size of such sites in our state or to place any restrictions on the number of homes built near the sites.

Sample Essay

In this argument, the council comes to the conclusion that the current system of garbage sites does not pose a significant health hazard and that therefore, there is no need to restrict the size of the garbage sites or the number of homes built near the site. To support this conclusion, the council cites a study of five garbage sites and three hundred people that showed only a small correlation between the closeness of the homes to the sites and the incidence of unexplained rashes among those people living there. Additionally, the council came to this conclusion despite the fact that people living near the largest such site had a slightly higher incidence of the rashes. This argument suffers from several critical weaknesses in logic and information presented.

篇3：GRE作文之错误写作思路

GRE作文之错误写作思路

论述流于表面不够深入

中国考生经历了中考高考等考试，习惯了八股文式的作文写作方式，容易泛泛而谈，常缺少对题目本身的复杂性理解。大家在审题时往往容易流于表面，只根据材料给出的内容做一些浅显表层的论述，而很少发现题目的本质并从更深层次展开讨论。想要取得作文高分，考生就应注意作文题目的隐含意义，避开简单的非对即错的思想，对题目进行辩证地分析与思考，从多维度进行解读，从而写出更有深度的文章。

老掉牙的案例还在用

不少同学在GRE写作中阐述一个观点时，缺乏充分的、确切的例证，用来用去都是一些家喻户晓、乏善可陈的例子，例如最典型的比尔盖茨和爱迪生，而有些同学甚至会出现例子本身和观点关联甚微，牵强附会的情况，这样的作文自然会让考官看起来味同爵蜡，不知所云，分数被扣在所难免。其实这个问题与考生的知识面狭窄、视野不够开阔、思维不够跳跃等等都有很大的关系。小编建议大家平时要多注意对写作素材的积累，比如看每日经济学人，扩大自己的知识面。

写作速度太慢没写完

考生平时缺少打字练习或者思维活动太慢，导致写作速度一直提不上去，首先表现在字数不够上，其次字数不够也直接导致了内容的不充分，自己的思想无法完全展开。GRE写作一般分为5段，开头结尾及中间3段，一篇好的GRE作文一般字数在450-600字，字数多虽然不能说一定是篇佳作，但最起码会让你的内容略显丰富。

开头结尾缺乏吸引力

中国古时形容一篇佳作通常用凤头豹尾，形容其精彩，GRE作文高分的关键也切不可忽视开头和结尾，在时间匆忙的情况下，这两段直接影响了考官对你的第一印象，第一段点明自己的观点和立场，结尾总结，全篇结构完整，条理清晰，再加之充分的例证，是获得高分的关键。开头如果无法吸引考官，结尾又写得草草了事，这样的文章想必很难给人留下好印象。

GRE写作高分范文：如何避免偏激

GRE作文题目：

Most people often look for similarities, even between very different things, and even when it it is unhelpful or harmful to do so. Instead, a thing should be considered on its own terms: we should avoid the tendency to compare it to something else.

人们总是在寻找相同点，即使是在非常不同的事物间也不例外，甚至有时候这样做是无用乃至有害的。实际上，我们应该具体问题具体分析;我们应该尽量避免比较的倾向。

GRE写作正文：

In the age of accelerating changes, the eagerness to understand things in an effective and equally efficient way is more than ever. Although all kinds of complex techniques, skills and equipments helpful for understanding and studying the objects are easily accessible to people, the basic strategies stay the same as before: one is starting from similarities and the other from distinction. From my personal point of view, only by using the two in proper proportion and order can one achieve his/her goal to understand a thing.

Looking for similarities is a proper starting point. When we first meet something new,we need to clarify its basic attributes, finding similarites with other familiar things and classify it according to those attributes. Classification according to similaties is of great assistance to provide us with an outline, basic knowledge which we can base further investigation upon. Although things in contemporary age represent themselves in various forms and styles, similarities exist in any pair as long as certain perspective can be found. For instance, Bookcase and window are so different that at first glance, one

may not be able to find the similarities, or even such an effort seems to be meaningless. Yet, they are both part of a house, something that must be taken into consideration when decorating or refurnishing the house. Such a comparison would be helpful for us to realize that “buy” and “sell” are two basic operation we can have upon window even though we have no idea what window is made of, how it is produced or what its function is.What’s more, looking for similarities not only refer to the object itself, but the relationship with others. Similar relationships helps people understand things in groups or pairs using the strategy: analogy. Analogy is especially useful when the charactertistics of a relationship rather than the objects themselves are the focus of understanding and when similar relationships are known and objects unknown. For example, if told that the relationship between window and ASVE is similar to that between book and read, one can safely guess that ASVE is the operation people can take on window although ASVE stays an unknown action.

Definitely, mere similarity usually exclude the distinctive characteristics of a thing. We need to investigate its own terms for deeper understanding. Within the rough outline sketched by similarity, a more detailed and well-articulated picture can be drawn by grasping own terms of a thing. Still take window as an example. From careful observation, we know that it is transparent, it consists of different chemical materials, it performs the function as to protect privacy, to preserve desirable temperature indoor, and sometimes to prevent rains and snows from going inside. Deeper and further understanding of window can only be gained when we take its own terms besides those it shares with bookcase into consideration.

In the newly development software engineering model named Object-oriented model,the strategy “similarity first and differences later” functions as the core and focus of the whole model. Objects sharing common points are put into same “classes” and common points are processed together, later they are defined, discussed and processed respectively according to their own characteristics. This method greatly reduces the repetive time and energy spent over and over again on similar, if not utterly same, terms. Translated into daily life, starting from similarites for a quick outline and transferring to grasp distinctive characteristics for deeper understanding isthe approach we should always bear in mind when hoping to understand a thing with effectiveness and efficiency.

GRE写作高分范文：法律的灵活性

Laws should not be stationary and fixed. Instead, they should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances, times, and places.

法律不应该是僵化或固定的，而应该根据不同的环境、时期和地点而足够灵活。

GRE写作范文：

Should laws be stable and fixed or be flexible in taking consideration of various factors such as circumstances, times and places? The speaker concludes that instead of being stationary, laws should be constantly changing. The speaker’s claim have merits in declaring that law should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances since adaptation to changing social environment is how the law properly guard the function of social engine and the general welfare of people as a whole. But to some extent, we would not go too much in neglecting to importance of the stability of laws because they are the principles we adhere to in our daily life, if changed too abruptly and constantly, will result in egregious chaos and confusion.

Keeping stability, consistency of laws is indispensable in helping people to make prediction of the consequence of their behaviors and figure out the legal obligation and rights exerted upon them by the legal system. In the personal level, consistency of laws defines the properness and legality of their doings and thus endows people with sense of security and good citizenship. If as the speaker claimed that laws should never be stationary or fixed, people face the threat of being constantly threw into turbid mud of bewilderment and insecurity and finally lose their sight in how to adapt to sudden alternation of in this aspect or another.

Another example that aptly illustrates this is in the field of business. As we know, the ultimate goal of a business is to maximize its profit of shareholders within the framework of laws to define that a enterprises function within this framework, obey its obligation and hamper no interest of the general welfare of the society. In order for a enterprises to thrive, it must carefully study the relevant business laws, including anti-dumping law and torts, etc.Given the choice, most leaders are unwilling to see the prospect that laws are constantly changing since it takes time and effort to build a well-defined frames within companies and overthrow established practice and code would demand another round of revising and reevaluation....

GRE作文

篇4：gre备考资料之写作常用成语

91.先入为主 First impressions are firmly entrenched.

92.先下手为强 catch the ball before the bound

93.像热锅上的蚂蚁 like an ant on a hot pan

94.现身说法 warn people by taking oneself as an example

95.息事宁人 pour oil on troubled waters

96.喜忧参半 mingled hope and fear

97.循序渐进 step by step

98.一路平安，一路顺风 speed somebody on their way; speed the parting guest

99.严以律己,宽以待人 be strict with oneself and lenient towards others

100.鱼米之乡 a land of milk and honey; a land flowing with milk and honey

101.有情人终成眷属 Jack shall have Jill, all shall be well.

102.有钱能使鬼推磨 Money makes the mare go; Money talks.

103.有识之士 people of vision

104.有勇无谋 use brawn rather than brain

105.有缘千里来相会 Separated as we are thousands of miles apart, we come together as if by predestination.

106.与时俱进 advance with times

107.以人为本 people oriented; people foremost

108.因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude

109.欲穷千里目，更上一层楼 to ascend another storey to see a thousand miles further; Ascend further, were you to look farther; Would eye embrace a thousand miles? Go up, one flight.

110.欲速则不达 Haste does not bring success.

111.优胜劣汰 survival of the fittest

112.英雄所见略同 Great minds think alike.

113.冤家宜解不宜结 Better make friends than make enemies.

114.冤假错案 cases in which people were unjustly, falsely or wrongly charged or sentenced; unjust, false or wrong cases

115.一言既出，驷马难追 A real man never goes back on his words.

116.招财进宝 Money and treasures will be plentiful

117.债台高筑 become debt-ridden

118.致命要害 Achilles' heel

119.众矢之的 target of public criticism

120.知己知彼,百战不殆 Know the enemy and know yourself, and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat.

121.纸上谈兵 be an armchair strategist

122.左右为难 between the devil and the deep blue sea

123.纸包不住火 Truth will come to light sooner or later.

gre备考资料之写作常用成语

篇5：GRE作文之写作原则不能丢

GRE作文之写作原则不能丢

原则一：观点上要有原创性

观点是GRE作文考试的核心内容，考察考生能否对一个观点进行深入分析与思考并最终提出一个有层次的观点。有了原创观点就不用担心雷同。而如果真的要借鉴范文观点，建议大家应该尽可能做一些调整，以避免雷同，也可以干脆在文中讲明这个思路是借鉴了哪一本参考书的。美国人对真小人比对伪君子要宽容。

原则二：提升写作备考时间利用率

这个核心原则不仅是对GRE考试而言，实际上适用于所有考试：在最短的时间内获得最多的分数。听上去简单明了，但做起来就就不是那么容易了，基本思路是既不做没有效率的事情，也不做比较有效率的事情，而只做最有效率的事情。对于GRE考试来说，要做到这一点就一定要学会选择，即选择最有效率的事情来做。

原则三：高分写作有套路

首先大家一定要搞清楚一个概念：英语作文水平和GRE作文高分之间并不存在必然直接的联系，作文水平高的人很可能得不到高分，但是作文水平明明很低的人却能一鸣惊人。这是因为考官不会看你以前的习作，也不会看你平时的水平，他只看你在考场上写出来的文章。

所以哪怕考生的文采斐然，每每创新，平时练习时屡出佳文，对于考试也不会有太大帮助。想要在GRE作文中拿到高分，考生要做的是把一个套路，一种思路，自己写得好的话语不断的重复熟练，做到在考试中能够收发自如，信手拈来，这样自然就能拿到高分。

GRE写作想要拿到高分，遵循上述原则能帮助大家少走不少弯路，再结合自己平时的复习练熟写作技巧并准备好足够的材料，相信大家都能在考试中取得满意的成绩。

新GRE写作范文：竞争利弊问题

题目：

“Competition is ultimately more beneficial than detrimental to society.”

归根结底，竞争对于社会是利多弊少。

正文：

Darwin suggested that the process of evolution is one based on competition. This deadly competition weeds out the weak and only the fittest of the species survives. Humans, being the product of millions of years of evolution, are by nature, competitive beings. Yet, humans are also social beings. Like the bees in the hive, we are not very successful living completely on our own. We need to cooperate with other individuals for our survival. Thus, a conflict ensues, between our innate competitiveness, and our need to cooperate. There are pros and cons associated with both. However, it is my belief that overall, competition, is more detrimental than beneficial to human society.

First, let us try to identify why there is competition in the first place. In an environment abundant with resources, where supply outstrips demand, there is very little need for the inhabitants to fight with each other over them. This is not the case on planet earth. Resources are limited, and there is constant jostling to get to the front of the queue to get acquire them. For example, thousands of prospective students apply to gain entrance to top universities around the world, but there are only a handful of places in those universities. Thus, there is competition to get into to these hallowed institutions of higher learning.From a utilitarian perspective, competition is a good thing. In evolution it is responsible for the elimination of “weak” genes. In the business environment, it gets rid of the weaker players. In politics, it weeds out unpopular candidates. In academia, it gets rid of weak students.

Furthermore, competition leads to self improvement. Businesses will strive to offer better products and services at lesser prices. The consumer reaps rich rewards from this competitive spirit. Politicians strive to do the utmost for the people, so they would get reelected. Students excel in there studies, trying to outdo each other.

Thus, ostensibly, competition is responsible for the betterment of the society as a whole. However, this is just the superficial view. Underneath the surface, competition, in every aspect, is slowly eating away at the very fabric of the society.

While it is true to say that competition in corporate world has brought great benefits to the consumer, the society as “Missed A here”whole is playing a great price for it. Most businesses are exploiting cheap labour in the third world to maximise their profits. There are thousands of sweatshops run by well known western corporations in countries like Indonesia, Bangladesh and China. People are forced to work in squalid conditions, often 16 hours a day. They are lucky to receive a dollar a day for there labours. The moment a government in any of these countries try to improve the working conditions of the employees, these multinational giants flee the country, often leaving whole communities facing financial ruin. The corporations are aware that there are plenty of other labour markets that could be exploited with gay abandon.

That is just the human cost. What about the environmental costs? Competition has forced many corporations to “stream line” their operations. Environmental standards are normally the first victims of this “stream line” process. A significant amount of environmental pollution and land degradation has been blamed on industry, yet the factories keep producing more and more. Thousands of items go unsold each year due to competition. Only a fraction of this merchandise is recycled. The rest goes to the already overflowing landfills.

In politics, the detrimental effects of competition are blatant. Politicians often resort to popular yet socially damaging policies to gain votes. These measures include imprudent spending to rabble rousing. The current volatility in Israel and Palestine, the ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka, and the famine in Zimbabwe are all, at least partially, problems created by politicians to get elected.

It has been said that education is one sphere where competition has always had a beneficial influence. Even this claim is dubious. Due to competition students are less likely to exchange ideas with one another, thus enriching the student population as whole. Furthermore, competition drives students to study well to pass exams, but not to gain wisdom. Students spend many hours preparing for standardised tests; tests which many believe are inherently flawed. Thus, it is often not the most intellectual student who succeeds, but the most competitive.

Competition is an inborn human trait. It has some positive qualities, but overall, it does far more harm than help to the society. As intelligent beings, humans can transcend their evolutionary weaknesses. Thus, humans should rely less competition and more cooperation for the sake of the society.

新版GRE写作新题库：Argument

题目：

The following appeared in a memo from the vice president of marketing at Dura-Sock, Inc.

“A recent study of our customers suggests that our company is wasting the money it spends on its patented Endure manufacturing process, which ensures that our socks are strong enough to last for two years. We have always advertised our use of the Endure process, but the new study shows that despite our socks' durability, our average customer actually purchases new Dura-Socks every three months. Furthermore, our customers surveyed in our largest market, northeastern United States cities, say that they most value Dura-Socks' stylish appearance and availability in many colors. These findings suggest that we can increase our profits by discontinuing use of the Endure manufacturing process.”

Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.

中文翻译：

最近一次对于Dura-Sock使用者的调查表明我们公司用于其专利生产方式“Endure”上的钱是浪费的，这种方式使我们生产的袜子足以使用两年。 Dura-Sock一直在做广告宣传它使用“Endure”方式，但这次新调查显示尽管我们的袜子十分耐穿，但Dura-Sock的消费者每三个月就买一双Dura-Sock袜子。而且，在位于美国北部城市我们最大的商场回应调查的Dura-Sock消费者说他们最欣赏Dura-Sock时尚的外观和众多颜色的选择。这些事实说明Dura-Sock可以通过停止使用“Endure”生产方式来增加盈利。

写一篇回应，在其中检视文章的论证中述及和/或未明确述及的假设，务请解释文章的论证是如何依赖于这些假设的，并指出如果这些假设不成立会对文章的论证带来何种影响。

篇6：写作改变了我作文

写作改变了我作文

吴承贝尔

从前的我，不喜欢出门，喜欢一个人待着，一个人坐着看天。而现在，我则喜欢和别人交谈，闲暇时则喜欢走近大自然，看四季流转，这一切的改变，全都是源于写作――

记得小学里写的作文不多，全部翻出来也不会比初中一年写的多。大概是上了初中之后，作文抓得紧了。起初还不觉得，能够一直有题材，有的是写过的，或者是想写但未写过的，马马虎虎还可以。但逐渐地，我感到力不从心，似乎再也没有那种提笔便能一路写下去的能力，常常对着纸，过了一两个小时，脑子还是一片空白。

时值樱花季，同学三五成群约好去鼋头渚赏樱。而我独自待在家中。我感到有些紧张，有些心烦，不自觉地就走出了家门。我走向一边的草坪，拣了块干净些的`大石头坐了下来。午后的阳光暖暖的，照着我的头发有些温热。我惬意地享受着暖风、暖阳，作业则抛在了脑后。我张望四周，看啊，阳光斜溢过枝头，在柔软的草地上勾勒出一片片叶的影。用鹅卵石拼出精致的图案，嵌在大理石的小路上，狭长狭长地划过草坪，挤出一道灰白，将山茶和香樟隔开，好像一道银河间隔了牛郎织女。我不禁闭上眼，开始想象，一句句的描写从脑中蹦出来，我惊奇地发现，这一切的一切不都是非常好的写作素材吗？顿时，一股子欣喜涌上心头。

再之后，便不只是静物了，人、动物都成了我观察描绘的对象。当我和人们交流的时候，我会注意到许多有趣的部分，比如老阿姨们最常讨论的柴米油盐、张家长李家短，周围一些助人为乐的义举等。我开始热衷于和世界对话，人和物都鲜活起来，一下子充盈了我的世界。常常地，我心头会溢出一种温馨。躺在草地上伸懒腰的猫儿，在公园长椅上相互依偎的老夫妻，回忆中偶然拾起的记忆碎片……我的思绪豁然开朗，变得爱笑，爱说话，这不都是因为写作吗？我从开始的凑字数，到后来的不够写，着实有了一个巨大的转变。

是写作改变了我，让我从沉默变得开朗，我会用美好的心情去欣赏，去感受这个世界的精彩和奇妙。

江苏省无锡市大桥实验学校初三（9）班

指导教师：薛汉忠

篇7：写作基础知识之材料作文

写作基础知识之材料作文

材料作文：

是根据所给材料和要求来写文章的一种作文形式。材料作文的特点是要求考生依据材料来立意、构思，材料所反映的中心就是文章中心的来源，不能脱离材料所揭示的中心来写作，故材料作文又叫“命意作文”，属于自命题。

命题作文与材料作文：

材料作文，一般是指出题者只给出一些文字或图画材料，要求应试者根据所给文字或图画的内容自己命题进行写作。材料作文是只给材料不给题目，题目的确定，完全是靠应试者自己对所给材料的理解与把握而定。从命题的角度看，命题作文实际上是他命题，而材料作文则是自命题，这就是二者的主要区别。

写作策略：

①引：

恰当地引用材料，开头既要引述材料，在论证时还要回扣材料(不能全部照抄)，对材料进行分析后，或摘要或概述，三言五语即可。

②议：

是对材料中提供的信息进行分析议论，对人物关系的分析，对结果的预测，对原因的追问等，目的是为了提出观点做铺垫，这部分不能太长，百字左右即可。

③提：

提出论点(或观点)，文字简炼，一两句话就可以，观点明确。

④联：

这是文章的关键，可由材料推开去，可联系历史人物、历史故事，可联系现实生活，今人今事;可以正面举例也可以反面证明;可以摆事实，也可以讲道理。最少要举两个例子，一古一今或一正一反，多角度多侧面得把中心论点阐述得深刻有力，三四百字即可。

⑤深：

深入分析。怎样深入分析??分析原因，说明好处(或危害)，找出症结。

⑥结：

收敛全篇，总结全文，宜对论述的问题有所深化，不要故作惊人之语，强调精炼有力，不要画蛇添足。

在话题作文出现之前，材料作文是中考试卷中经常出现的一种作文考查形式，在话题作文中，材料只是提出话题的背景，材料与文章是一种疏远的关系;而材料作文中的材料则是作文观点的重要载体，是写作内容选择和立意的依据，考生必须从材料中提炼出一个观点进行写作，离开了材料就是离题，文章与材料是一种很亲密的`关系。由此可见，写作材料作文，必须针对其“材料重要性”特点，采取有效的写作的策略，才能更好地写出高质量的考场作文，具体来说要特别注意以下三个方面：

一、读懂材料，全面把握

读懂材料是材料作文写作的重要前提，没有读懂材料必然会模糊作文，以致出现偏题或者离题的现象，读懂材料必须全面把握，切不可断章取义，执其一端，而要抓住重点，明白内容，理清关系，理解中心，为立意奠定一个较好的审题基础。

全面把握材料和理解材料，不可从某一局部入手，只抓住片言只语不放，否则容易跑题。但是要抓住材料中的关键词语或语句，深刻理解其本质意义，这对于把握材料的中心很有帮助。

二、立意求准，力求新颖

材料作文也是“命意作文”，立意好坏直接影响到作文的深刻与否和创新程度，因此，写材料作文，在读懂材料的基础上，要尽量在立意上求准求新。

所谓求准，就是要把握住材料的内容，牢记主题必须从材料中得来，切不可脱离材料，否则就容易写出失败之作。

所谓求新，就是要努力突破思维定势，超越一般人的惯常思路，应该发人之所未发，言人之所不能言，力争做到“人无我有，人有我优”，在“新”字上下功夫，这样写成的文章才有希望焕发出创造的光彩。

三、使用材料，恰当巧妙

在材料作文中，材料在文章中的使用，也是一个不可忽视的问题。一般来说，引用材料有两种形式，即直接引用和间接引用(化用)。根据文体的不同，使用材料也有不同，一般而言，写成议论文，开头最好引述材料，以便更好地提出自己的观点;其他文体也不能完全脱开材料，要在恰当的地方直接和间接引用一下材料，否则容易造成于材料疏远的感觉。

材料的类型：

故事型

梗概、片断、寓言……

论说型

名言警句、哲理、议论文段……

事例型

名人事例、凡人小事……

情景型

生活场景、特别的细节……

图表型

一幅漫画或一个图表……

审题：

审题就是领悟题旨，是一种思维取向过程，也是写好作文的第一步。如果是写提供文字材料的作文，那么必须要正确全面地把握文字材料的意思。

方法：

首先要透视文题的字面意义，即显性要求;

然后再深入把握其内在的关系，即隐性要求。对显性要求要全面、完整地理解文字材料的内容;

对隐性要求要明了文字材料的情感意向，即材料所指的人或事、现象或问题所表现出来的肯定或否定的态度。

误区：

1.误把材料作文的材料，当作话题作文的材料。

2.误把材料作文的材料，看作命题作文的提示。

材料作文的材料是命题的有机组成部分，往往很具体，有完整意思，命题从材料中来，作文内容又离不开材料。而命题作文有时附有的提示，一般来说，或说明或阐述，并不含有具体内容。

有时附了二或三则材料，必须抓准材料之间的联系点或对比点，不能只看一则材料而不及其余。有时材料蕴含了比喻义，要求类比阐述，如“‘回声’的启示”所附的小孩和小山的对话，如果就事论事地谈文明礼貌而不去阐述人与自然或人与他人的关系，就在理解上发生了偏差。

篇8：英语作文写作之道歉信写作

道歉信通常包括三部分内容：1、表示歉意，道歉的原由;2、出现差错的原因，提出弥补措施;3、请求原谅。诚挚的态度在信中要体现出来。

I must make an apology for the delay in returning the book to you. I feel awful about it and I’d like to inform you what happened that day. I got a sudden fever that morning and my classmates took me to the hospital, which accounts for the delay.I

sincerely hope you can understand my situation and accept my apology. Reasonable conclusion convinces me that but for my delay you would have used the book in class. Anyway,I would appreciate your allowing me to give the book back to you this Friday. I will come to your office during your office hour on Monday. Once again, I apologize for any inconvenience it has caused to you.

1.I am writing to apologize for …

2.I would like to give you my apology for…

3.I hope you will accept my sincere apology for

4.I am terribly sorry for what I did, but believe I did not mean to…5.I wish would forgive me for a stupid choice of words.

5.I feel awfully sorry about it and want you to know what happened.

6.but for..., would have done...

作者|王贵友

公众号：贵友英语写作

篇9：高中英语作文写作之句子

高中英语作文写作模板之万能句子分享

一、简洁版高中英语万能句子，适用于日常英语作文写作练习

【段首句】

1. 关于人们有不同的观点。一些人认为 There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that____. 2. 俗话说(常言道)，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。 There is an old saying______. It“s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases eventoday. 3. 现在，，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，;其次，。更为糟糕的是。 Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____Second,____. What makes things worse is that______. 4. 现在，很普遍，许多人喜欢，因为，另外(而且)。 Nowadays，it is common to ______. Many people like______ because ______. Besides，______. 5. 任何事物都是有两面性，也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。 Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages. 6. 关于人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为(说)，在他们看来， People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that______.To them,_____. 7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题，这个问题变得越来越严重。 Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious. 8. 已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。 ______ has become a hot topic among people，especiallyamong the young and heated debates are right on their way. 9. 在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。 ______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.ithas brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well 10. 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出。很显然，但是为什么呢? According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bargraph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ while.Obviously，______，but why?

【中间段落句】

1. 相反，有一些人赞成，他们相信，而且，他们认为。 On the contrary，there aresome people in favor of ___.At the same time，they say____. 2. 但是，我认为这不是解决的好方法，比如。最糟糕的是。 But I don”t think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example，____.Worst of all，___. 3. 对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，(也是)非常重要的。首先，。而且，最重要的是 ______is necessary and important to our country“s development andconstruction. First，______.What”s more, _____.Most important of all,______. 4. 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以。 There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can______ 5. 面临，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来。一方面，另一方面，Confronted with______，we should take a series of effective measures to______. For onething，______Foranother，______ 6. 早就应该拿出行动了。比如说，另外。所有这些方法肯定会。 It is high time that something was done about it. For example. _____.Inaddition. _____.All these measures will certainly______. 7. 为什么?第一个原因是;第二个原因是;第三个原因是。总的来说，的主要原因是由于 Why______? The first reason is that ______.The second reason is ______.Thethird is ______.For all this, the main cause of ______due to ______. 8. 然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，也有它的不利的一面，象。 However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also hasits own disadvantages, such as ______. 9. 尽管如此，我相信更有利。 Nonetheless, I believe that ______is more advantageous. 10. 完全同意这种观点(陈述)，主要理由如下： I fully agree with the statement that ______ because______.

【结尾句】

1. 至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为 As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. Ithink that ____. 2. 总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来。 In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of______.Only in this way can ______in the future. 3. 但是，和都有它们各自的优势(好处)。例如，，而。然而，把这两者相比较，我更倾向于(喜欢) But ______and ______have their own advantages. For example, _____, while_____.Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to______. 4. 就我个人而言，我相信，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为 Personally, I believe that_____. Consequently, I’m confident that a brightfuture is awaiting us because______. 5. 随着社会的发展，。因此，迫切需要。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自已的一份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。 With the development of society, ______.So it\"s urgent and necessary to____.If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it willbe better and better. 6. 至于我(对我来说，就我而言)，我认为更合理。只有这样，我们才能 For my part, I think it reasonable to_____. Only in this way can you _____. 7. 对我来说，我认为有必要。原因如下：第一，; 第二，;最后但同样重要的是 In my opinion, I think it necessary to____. The reasons are as follows. First_____.Second ______. Last but not least,______. 8. 在总体上很难说是好还是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决于的形势。然而，就我个人而言，我发现。 It is difficult to say whether _____is good or not in general as it dependsvery much on the situation of______. However, from a personal point of viewfind______. 9. 综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论 From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusionthat____. 10. 如果我们不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了这种趋势，就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我们应该做的是 If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and someundesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is_____.

二、复杂版高中英语万能句子，适用于一般英语考试作文写作

【开头】

Recently, the problem of has aroused people’s concern. 最近,问题已引起人们的关注. The Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well. 互联网已在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色.它给我们带来了许多好处,但也产生了一些严重的问题. Nowadays, (overpopulation) has become a problem we have to face. 如今，（人口过剩）已成为我们不得不面对的问题了. It is commonly believed that / It is a common belief that 人们一般认为 Many people insist that 很多人坚持认为 With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that 随着科技的发展,越来越多的人认为 A lot of people seem to think that 很多人似乎认为

【引出不同观点】

People’s views on vary from person to person. Some hold that . However, others believe that.人们对的观点因人而异.有些人认为，然而其他人却认为 People may have different opinions on 人们对可能会有不同的见解. Attitudes towards (drugs) vary from person to person.人们对待吸毒的'态度因人而异. There are different opinions among people as to 关于，人们的观点大不相同. Different people hold different attitudes toward (failure). 对(失败)人们的态度各不相同。

【结尾】

Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that 把所有这些因素加以考虑,我们自然会得出结论 Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that 考虑所有这些因素,我们可能会得出合理的结论 Hence/Therefore, we’d better come to the conclusion that 因此,我们最好得出这样的结论 There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits. 毫无疑问,跳槽有优点也有缺点. All in all, we cannot live without But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise. 总之,我们没有是无法生活的.但同时,我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题.

【提出建议】It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了. It is time to take the advice of and to put special emphasis on the improvement of 该是采纳的建议，并对的进展给予特殊重视的时候了。 There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of 毫无疑问,对问题应予以足够的重视. Obviously, If we want to do something , it is essential that 显然,如果我们想做某事,很重要的是 Only in this way can we 只有这样，我们才能 It must be realized that 我们必须意识到

【预示后果】

Obviously, if we don’t control the problem, the chances are that will lead us in danger. 很明显,如果我们不能控制这一问题,很有可能我们会陷入危险. No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that 毫无疑问,除非我们采取有效措施,很可能会 It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation. 很紧迫的是,应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展.

【论证】

From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second. 在我看来,支持第一种观点比支持第二种观点更有道理. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that 我无法完全同意这一观点 Personally, I am standing on the side of 就个人而言,我站在的一边. I sincerely believe that 我真诚地相信 In my opinion, it is more advisable to do than to do . 在我个人看来,做比做更明智. Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why

【给出原因】This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons. First, Second, Third, 这一现象的存在是有许多原因的.首先，；第二,，；第三， Why did ? For one thing ，for another . Perhaps the primary reason is 为什么会？一个原因是，令一个原因是；或许其主要原因是 I quite agree with the statement that The reasons are chiefly as follows. 我十分赞同这一论述,即，其主要原因如下: 列出解决办法: Here are some suggestions for handling 这是如何处理某事的一些建议. The best way to solve the troubles is 解决这些麻烦的最好办法是 People have figured out many ways to solve this problem. 人们已找出许多办法来解决这个问题. 批判错误观点和做法: As far as something is concerned, 就某事而言， It was obvious that 很显然,. It may be true that , but it doesn’t mean that 可能是对的,但这并不意味着 It is natural to believe that , but we shouldn’t ignore that 认为是很自然的,但我们不应忽视 There is no evidence to suggest that 没有证据表明

【如何连接】

强调 still, indeed, apparently, oddly enough, of course, after all, significantly, interestingly, also, above all, surely, certainly, undoubtedly, in any case, anyway, above all, in fact, especially, obviously, clearly. 比较 like, similarly, likewise, in the same way, in the same manner, equally. 对比 by contrast, on the contrary, while, whereas, on the other hand, unlike, instead, but, conversely, different from, however, nevertheless, otherwise, whereas, unlike, yet, in contrast. 列举 for example, for instance, such as, take for example, except (for), to illustrate. 时间 later, next, then, finally, at last, eventually, meanwhile, from now on, at the same time, for the time being, in the end, immediately, in the meantime, in the meanwhile, recently, soon, now and then, during, nowadays, since, lately, as soon as, afterwards, temporarily, earlier, now, after a while. 顺序 first, second, third, then, finally, to begin with, first of all, in the first place, last, next, above all, last but not the least, first and most important. 可能 presumably, probably, perhaps. 解释 in other words, in fact, as a matter of fact, that is, namely, in simpler terms. 递进 What is more, in addition, and, besides, also, furthermore, too, moreover, furthermore, as well as, additionally, again. 让步 although, after all, in spite of, despite, even if, even though, though, admittedly, whatever may happen. 转折 however, rather than, instead of, but, yet, on the other hand, unfortunately, whereas 原因 for this reason, due to, thanks to, because, because of, as, since, owing to. 结果 as a result, thus, hence, so, therefore, accordingly, consequently, as a consequence 总结on the whole, in conclusion, in a word, to sum up, in brief, in summary, to conclude, to summarize, in short. 其他 mostly, occasionally, currently, naturally, mainly, exactly, evidently, frankly, commonly, for this purpose, to a large extent, for most of us, in many cases, in this case

篇10：作文写作素材之宽容

作文写作素材之宽容

关于宽容的名言警句

1.开诚心，布大度。康有为《上清帝第一书》

2.人之心胸，多欲则窄，寡欲则宽。清.金缨《格言联壁》

3.量大好做事，树大好遮阴。中国谚语

4.人非尧舜，谁能尽善。唐.李白《与韩荆州书》

5.关公放了曹丞相，丈夫要有容人量。中国谚语

6.与人为善就是善于宽谅。[美]弗罗斯特《新罕布什尔》

7.忍耐记心间，烦恼不沾边。中国谚语

8.能忍能让真君子，能屈能伸大丈夫。中国谚语

9.毋以小嫌疏至戚，毋以新怨忘旧恩。清.金缨《格言联壁》

10.圣人贵宽，而世人贱众。汉.陆贾《新语.术事》

11.忍一句，息一怒，忍一事，少一事。中国谚语

12.事不三思终有悔，人能百忍自无忧。明.冯梦龙《醒世恒言》

13.仁者爱万物。《史记.赵世家》

14.有容乃大，无欲则刚。《古今楹联类篡》

15.胸中天地宽，常有渡人船。中国谚语

16.多宽恕别人，少宽恕自己。中国谚语

17.太刚则折，至察无徒。《晋书.刘隗列传》

18.恶人胆大，小人气大，君子量大。中国谚语

19.能容小人，方成君子。明.冯梦龙《增广智囊补》

20.一忍可以支百勇，一静可以制百动。宋.苏洵《心术》

21.遇方便时行方便，得饶人处且饶人。明.吴承恩《西游记》

22.宽恕一个敌人要比宽恕一个朋友容易。[英]布菜克《耶鲁撒冷》

23.有忍，其乃有济;有容，德乃大。《尚书.周书.君陈》

24.自出洞来无敌手，得饶人处且饶人。宋.善棋道人《绝句》

25.山锐则不高，水狭则不深。汉.刘向《新序.节士》

26.气馁者自画，量狭者易盈。明.朱之瑜《朱舜水集.恭敏》

27.以大度兼容，则万物兼济。《宋朝事实类苑.祖宗圣训》

28.不会宽容别人，是不配受到别人的宽容的。[俄]屠格涅夫《罗亭》

29.人之谤我也，与其能辩，不如能容。人之侮我也，与其能防，不如能化。弘一大师《格言别录》

30.东海广且深，由卑下百川;五岳虽高大，不逆垢与尘。三国.曹植《当欲游南山行》

31.人本该是有良心的，就连最残酷的心也会有宽恕他人的短暂、美好的记忆。[捷]塞弗尔特《泪城》

32.太山不让土壤，故能成其大;河海不择细流，故能就其深;王者不却众庶，故能明其德。秦.李斯《谏逐客书》

33.能下人，故其心虚;其心虚，故所广取;所广取，故其人愈高。明.李贽《焚书.高言说》

鲍叔荐管仲

春秋时，齐襄公被杀后，公子小白和公子纠为争夺王位而战。鲍波助小白，管仲助纠。双方交战中，管仲曾用箭射中了小白衣带上的钩子，小白险遭丧命。后来小白做了齐国国君，即齐桓公。

齐桓公执政后，任命鲍叔为相国。可鲍叔心胸宽广，有智人之明，坚持把管仲推荐给桓公。他说：“只有管仲能担任相国要职，我有五个方面比不上管仲：宽惠安民，，让百姓听从君命，我不如他：治理国家，能确保国家的根本权益，我不如他;讲究忠信，团结好百姓，我赶不上他;制作礼仪，使四方都来效法，我不如他;指挥战争，使百姓更加勇敢，我不如他。”齐桓公也是宽容大度的人，不记射钩私仇，采纳了鲍叔的建议，重用管仲，任命他为相国。管仲担任相国后，协助桓公在经济、内政、军事方面进行改革，数年之间，齐转弱为强，成为春秋前期中原经济最发达的强国，齐醒公也就了“九合诸候，一匡天下”的霸业。

毛泽东放走张国焘家属

张国焘于1931年任中央工家民主政府副主席，在此期间他推行王明的'左倾冒险主义。1935年在红军长征中，他任红军总政治委员。他反对中央关于红烟北上的决定，坚持南下退却的主张，另立中央，进行分裂党和红军的罪恶的活动。到达延安后，拒绝党中央的挽救，不思悔改。于1938年逃跑到武汉，发表反共声明，投向国民党。当时，张国焘的妻儿还在延安。他的妻子找到毛泽东，哭着说：“他丢下我们母子跑了，主席呀!请您给我们做主吧!”毛泽东沉思了一会儿说：“天要惠雨，娘要嫁人，他要走，要跑，不愿干革命，那也没办法!这样吧，现在你也到武汉去，劝说劝说，做做工作，回来，我们照样欢迎他。”

不久张国焘的妻子带着孩子也到武汰去了，从此再也没有回到延安。