【干货】托福写作中该如何举例子

时间：2025年01月28日

来源：wtaoxi

编辑：本站小编

下面就是小编给大家带来的【干货】托福写作中该如何举例子，本文共6篇，希望大家喜欢阅读!本文原稿由网友“wtaoxi”提供。

篇1：【干货】托福写作中该如何举例子

很多学生在写托福作文的时候，最大的苦恼无外乎是该如何举例子？经常会听到学生说，“老师这个例子好假啊？我这个例子写得好长啊，考试的时候会不会来不及啊？一定要举例子吗？举名人的例子会不会得分高啊？我要不要专门花时间去背名人的例子啊？”针对上述问题，我们先来做一个统一的解答。

1. 托福考试是语言测试，关注的是你的例子能否证明主题句，逻辑是否合理，语言表达是否流畅，因而符合事实逻辑的例子，都可以写，不要纠结真实性，不要纠结是名人例子还是个人例子，更不用为了分数去大量背诵名人的例子。

2. 例子的重要性体现在说服力上而不是字数上，只要把能证明你主题句的核心内容提取出来即可，不要过分堆砌。

那么究竟如何去写一个合格的例子呢？细心的同学应该注意到题目中有这样的一句话：“use specific reasons and examples to support your answer ”，其中reasons（也称作 reasoning）为我们讲的逻辑说理，而examples就是例子了。我们建议每一个主体段都要写例子，例子需要是非常具体的事情，要和逻辑说理部分区分开。在这里，我们对一个合格的例子，提出两点要求，即：相关性和细节性。

一.相关性

很多学生的文章中，观点和例子丝毫没有关联度，这样的例子是无效的。所以必须要明确一点，举例子是为了什么？举例子是为了说明主题句（划重点）。建议各位同学写例子之前回头看看主题句，做到心中有数，明确自己写例子究竟是用来证明什么。

例如，我的主题句是“早起学习效率高。”那么要证明“早起学习效率高”，必须有以下四个要素：1. 首先必须确定一位主人翁A；2. 其次A同学起的很早；3. 并且A童鞋把早起的时间都用在学习上了；4. 效果很好；

再比如，我的主题句是“参与间隔年有助于学生们的专业择。”那么要证明这个主题句，必须要满足这四个要素： 1. 首先必须确定一位主人翁B； 2. B同学在间隔年中做了哪些事？ 3. B同学之后选择了什么专业？（间隔年中做的事要和之后选择的专业要有一定的关联度）4. 这个选择很明智；

二. 细节性

区别于其他的写作考试，托福写作最大的一个特点是例子必须要细化，可以具体到某个人，点名道姓，他的具体行为和感触也有相关涉及。那么该如何做到细化例子呢？接着上面的sample继续看。

Sample 1:

主题句：早起学起效率高。

例子：1. 主人翁A：可以具象到身份，人名—my dorm mate Jason

2. A 同学起得早：可以具体到几点起床—get up at 7:00 a.m

3. 花时间学习：可以具体到学什么—memorize new English words/ practice listening/ imitate pronunciation from MP3

4. 效果很好：become proficient in English

参考段落：

First and foremost, morning is the prime time for a student to absorb knowledge. It is because after a whole night’s rest, one’s body is usually at its best in the morning, with the brain being very awake and active. At this moment, students’ learning efficiency is so high that they could memorize the most key points and handle the most difficult part of a subject in a day’s study. For example, one of my dorm mates, Jason, is proficient in English. He gets up at 7 o’clock every morning and goes to the classroom to memorize new English words or imitate the pronunciation from MP3.

Sample 2:

主题句：参与间隔年有助于学生们的专业选择。

例子：1. 主人翁B： my classmate Jenny

2. 间隔年中做了什么事：looking after orphans and helping communities

3. 选择的专业：public affairs management

4. 结果：a wise option

参考段落：

Firstly, during the gap year, students can get a better understanding of themselves and make a right choice about their majors in universities. Over the period from primary school to high school, most students lost the ability to think independently of what they wanted because they had to take care of their academic performances. If they are given an opportunity to engage in some meditation and social practices, they are likely to discover their true callings. I read from newspapers that an American high school graduate spent a gap year looking after orphans, and later he selected public affairs management as his college major, which turned out to be a wise choice.

如何写好托福写作例子

如果想要观点有力和概念生动形象，就必须要用到例子。一方面好的例子可以使观点更加让人信服，另一方面可以丰富文章内容，不至于都是空洞的论点。针对托福写作来讲，考官比较看重例证比较好的文章。在托福的独立写作当中，考生常用的例子包括两种，一种例子是去描述特别具体的某个人或者某一件事情，这种例子一般比较适合与我们的生活，工作和学习紧密相关的话题。比如“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Keeping old friends is more important than making new friends.”;第二种例子就是假设一个一般化的例子，通过假设一个场景来说明问题，而这种例子的写法一般比较适合话题比较大的一些话题，比如“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Land needs to be used to meet human need rather than to protect endangered animals.”今天我们就来展示怎样把这两种例子写好。

一．具体的例子

Topic: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The students in university should not do any part-time jobs.

Position: Disagree

Reason: Doing part-time jobs can intensify our social ability.

Exemplification: Take myself for example. When I was a fresh man，I found it really hard to get along with people around me. Then I was advised to take a job as a waiter in the restaurant during which I had chances to communicate with different customers, making them satisfied with my “smile” service. After a year, I myself can realize that I have become more outgoing and understanding.

写一个很具体例子的时候同学们要注意几个问题：

1、不要写得特别长，写太多就变成了记叙文，而我们的托福独立写作是议论文体;

2、这种例子一定要和说理分析性的内容结合在一起才能够支撑起来一个主体段。

二．假设性的例子

假设性的例子有两点好处。其一就是别人不会怀疑我们写的这个例子的真实性，二就是假设性的例子其实是analytic example，这种伴随着分析的例子其实要更符合托福独立写作的风格，更能够体现一个学生的分析能力与水平，毕竟议论文的特点就是分析和证明。

Topic：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Land needs to be used to meet human need rather than to protect endangered animals.

Position：Protect endangered animals

Reason: Another important reason to protect endangered animals is that the delicate ecological balance of an area might be irreparably harmed by their extinction.

Exemplification: For example, if humans chop down forests and use the land to grow corn, they might simultaneously destroy the habitats of a kind of bird that eats locusts. The next year because the locust population can grow unchecked, locusts might destroy the entire nearby corn crop. Not only do the birds lose their homes, but humans are also harmed. The ecological balance of many natural habitats is still not well understood and humans interfere in it at their peril.

上一个例子，考生能够感受到假设性的例子的威力。整段文章篇幅短，例子少，但是却非常有效地证明了段首的观点即保护生态平衡的重要性。所以，文章不一定要写很多，但是一定要写好，永远不要忘了，独立写作的灵魂和核心就是去证明一个观点的合理性和说服力，所以你用的手段很重要。

托福写作三招“编”例子大法，帮你提到25+！

那说到托福都知到有听说读写四项，相信大家分配时间最少的一项就是写作。托福写作也是四个单项里套路最深的。虽然说自然流畅的高分写作靠的是平时的积累，但托福写作还是有还是有大幅度提升方法的，现在就教大家三招托福“编”栗子大法！

“编”栗子时插入姓名、时间、地点

很多中国学生在写例子的时候会使用“比如说有一个人……”这样的表达。这样的表达看起来底气不足，且中式思维严重，很难受到考官青睐。考生完全可以改用另外的表达“我有一个朋友叫Jason，他在两年前做了_事……”这样写就看起来舒服多了。在叙述个人类例子的时候，尽量使用具体的人名、地名和时间。这样能使你的例子看上去更丰满、富有细节，也更像真实的事件，有说服力。

与论点结合，写出_之前和_之后的变化

需要特别注意的是，例子一定是为论证服务的，绝不能脱离主题举例子。有的考生非常心醉于自己编出来的故事，但是却忘了自己在写托福作文，这个故事并不能证明你的观点，那这样的文章得不到高分一点也不奇怪。

这里的_指的是论点中的主题词。例如：在写机经中的一个题目：公共交通是否应该免费时，有一个分论点是公共交通免费以后，私家车会减少，这样尾气排放得少了，环境也就变好了。这里的主题词就是私家车的数量，例子就可以写成N年前私家车很少，环境很好，然后私家车变多以后，环境就变差了。

例子可写成：

10 years ago， in my childhood memory， the city which I live in now is one of the most beautiful cities I have ever seen. The blue sky and the clean water were quite impressive to me. However， 3 years ago， when I came back to this city again， I was astonished by those changes. The city developed rapidly during those days. There are far more private cars than years ago on the road every day. On average， every household has one or two cars. The city may be described as “developed” now，while the sky here is never as clear as ever.

这个例子当中所用的词汇、句型基本都是中学所学过的。但是其中用到了我们刚才所谈的第一个技巧，加上了时间细节，也用到了第二个技巧，扣紧了主题，说明了有私家车变多之前和之后的变化。这个例子看上去文采平实，但却符合托福考试的评分规范，单就这个例子而言，就是可以得到4~5分的高分的(满分5分)。

“编”栗子后，再结合论点论证说理

这一点不难理解，却是很多考生所忽视的。再强调一遍，例子的存在是为了更好地论证论点，因此在写完例子以后，需要再加上至少1~2句话重申一下你的论点。如上文中出现的例子，写完之后，还应再加上：

If the amount of the cars can be reduced， I believe it will further improve the environment here， and be beneficial to all the citizens here as well. And The free payment of pubic transportation will make this come true.

这样就是一个完整的论述段了。托福作文中如果能够运用上几个生动有趣的例子，文章就立刻丰满起来，如果没有明显的词汇和语法错误，这肯定就是一片高分托福作文。

以上三个小技巧可以帮助考生在短期备考之后就写出一篇内容充实、论证有力的托福作文。但是，不能忘记的是，任何技巧都是要通过至少练习5遍以上才能运用纯熟的。所以，想拿托福写作的高分，多多练习才是王道。

篇2：【干货】托福写作中该如何举例子

新托福写作中，许多考生的分数一直徘徊在20分左右，难以突破25分。就独立写作部分而言，争取达到SCORE 4是写作总分突破25分的有力保证。对于已经有一定基础，能够达到SCORE 3的考生来说，突破的关键点之一就在于是否能在确定的主题下，将各点支持理由进行充分的扩展，做到well organized和well developed。如何做到支持理由的充分扩展呢?在评分标准的说明中，我们可以清晰地看到using appropriate and sufficient exemplifications是做到扩展充分的有力手段。并且在独立写作的题目中，也都明确提出：Provide specific reasons and evidence to support your essay. 在这些要求之下，如何在独立作文中将例证法用好就成为了将支持理由进行充分扩展的关键。

然而，因为中西教育的差别，中式的议论文中一般要求学生从理论的层面展开，高谈阔论地进行讨论，而不太重视实际例子在文章中的运用，这样就导致学生例子储备的缺乏以及对例子描述不到位的情况出现。因此，在独立写作中，很多考生认为只要写上for example之类的提示词，再简单地写两个人名或者进行简单的介绍就算举好例子了，或者考前背几个典型例子，比如Washington, Einstein之类的就能应付各种题目。而事实上，这样的例子考官要不就不知所云，要不就早已经看过无数次，怎么可能会给出高分呢?

因此，要想举出高分的例子，最好是在考前进行充分的准备及大范围的收集。一般说来，推荐有两种类型的例子在文章中运用是最为恰当地：

一、典型事例

典型事例意味着美国人所熟知的历史、文化的例子。例如在讨论媒体对人们的影响时，选用美国人所熟知的脱口秀女王Oprah Winfrey作为例子，或是在讨论学生是否都应该学习历史的时候，选用美国历史上知名的总统，如Thomas Jefferson, Herbert Hoover等进行论证都非常好。这样做既进行了有效论证，又不落入俗套，并且能让考官眼前一亮，打高分自然不在话下。然而，这一类例子对考生的考前准备要求是较高的，一般建议距离考试还有三个月或以上时间的考生进行准备，多收集一些类似的人物或事件的例子，以备考试之用。

二、生活常事

生活常事意味着用自己或身边的人来举例，这一类的事例具备很强的代表性，并且能在一定程度上唤起考官的共鸣。对于大多数备考时间比较紧的考生来说，准备第一种例子性价比不高，并且时间不够。因此，性价比较高的第二种例子更适合于备考时间比较短的考生。托福考试仅仅是语言能力考试，只要能用恰当的例子论述清楚问题就可以，因此用生活常事来举例对于考官来说也有很大的说服力。

有的考生仍然会问，如果我身边真的没有发生这么多事情怎么办?这个时候，考生们就不能这么“死心眼”了，就要学会“编例子”。但是“编例子”也要有技巧，也要让考官信服，绝非信口胡编这里介绍三个小窍门，帮助考生们把例子编得更贴切，更生动。

1. 例子中加上姓名、时间、地点等具体细节

很多中国学生在写例子的时候会使用“For example, some people...”这样的表达。这样的表达看起来底气不足，且中式思维严重，很难受到考官青睐。考生完全可以改用另外的表达“One of my friends, John, ...four years ago.”甚至可以加上这个人的职位、身份等信息，这样写看起来就具体实在多了。在叙述个人类例子的时候，尽量使用具体的人名、地名和时间。这样能使例子看上去更丰满、富有细节，也更像真实的事件，有说服力。

2. 与论点结合，写出事件发生之前与之后的变化

需要特别注意的是，例子一定是为论证服务的，绝不能脱离主题举例子。有的考生编例子编得很投入，写得也很精彩，但是却忘了自己在写托福作文，编造的故事并不能证明全文的观点，那这样的文章得不到高分一点也不奇怪。

恰当的例子会紧扣主题，代入关键词，并适当运用对比的技巧使得例子所服务的论点更加突出。例如在写一个话题：私家车的影响时，有一个分论点是写私家车数量的增加对生活环境有着明显的负面影响。这里的主题词就是私家车的数量及生活环境，如果用举例的方法进行论证的话，例子中就可以将私家车在不同时间段的数量进行对比，从而引申到其影响的对比：N年前私家车很少，环境很好，然后私家车变多以后，环境就变差了。具体例子可写成：

10 years ago, in my childhood memory, the city which I live in now is one of the most beautiful cities I have ever seen. The blue sky and the clean water were quite impressive to me. However, 3 years ago, when I came back to this city again, I was astonished by those changes. The city developed rapidly during those days. There are far more private cars than years ago on the road every day. On average, every household has one or two cars. The city may be described as “developed” now, while the sky here is never as clear as ever.

这个例子当中所用的词汇、句型基本都是中学所学过的。但是其中用到了我们刚才所谈的第一个技巧，加上了时间细节，也用到了第二个技巧，扣紧了主题，说明了私家车变多之前和之后的变化。这个例子看上去文采平实，但却符合托福考试的评分规范，单就这个例子而言，是可以达到SCORE4～5的高分的。

3. 写完例子以后，一定要再结合论点强调说明

这一点不难理解，却是很多考生所忽视的。再次强调，例子的存在是为了更好地论证论点的，因此在写完例子以后，需要再加上至少1～2句话重申一下文章的个人论点。这样即能保证例子与主旨的完美结合，又在结构上形成了一个完整的论述段落。

篇3：托福写作解析举例子手法

托福写作范文解析举例子手法

Question 1

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

Remaining happy and optimistic when you fail is more important than achieving success.

Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

Sample Response

阅读提示：蓝色部分不是例子，呈现出来是为了给大家的阅读创建完整的语境。文中玫红色的部分是举例子的部分。另外，文章没有完整呈现。

To many people, having fame or wealth is the highest ideal. However, we deal with setbacks and mediocrity most of the time. In this case, optimism is desired, and, in fact, it is more important than attaining success.

An open mind in the face of failure enables individuals to have the gut to give it another shot, and as long as we try, the likelihood of success remains. Conversely, if they surrender to the defeat, they are hardly likely to achieve anything. This happens to me on a daily basis. As a salesperson, anytrade may not be made by the first meeting with my clients. Anegotiation may take forever, and failure is highly likely. However, I maintain my faith, and as a result, I persist all the time and have made good deals. Gradually, I find it more delightful to have resilience and patience than to achieve success, which brings only transient excitement. The opposite case happened to one peer of mine who recently quit the job. As he could notcope with the constant failure properly, he never made a single successful sale.

「后文略」

Question 2

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

Some believe that we should keep a distance from the people we care about, because it is necessary for people to understand the importance of each other. Others think being away from people we care about can damage our relationship with them and we should spend more time with them.

Which do you prefer?

Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

Sample Response

阅读提示：蓝色部分不是例子，呈现出来是为了给大家的阅读创建完整的语境。文中玫红色的部分是举例子的部分。另外，文章没有完整呈现。

Between two individuals, keeping a distance could go either of the two following ways: the either strengthen or weaken the relationship. It is reasonable that some people prefer the intimacy between loved ones; in my case, a certain distance is necessary, however.

Staying close with each other, the two parties of a relationship—a friendship, a romantic relationship, or family—may have no secrets between each other. This may be the expectation of a good relationship of my opposite side. The opposite side may also expect that friends, lovers or family stick with each other and be the 24/7 company. They would otherwise feel insecure or even deny the relationship. However, the closeness may be stressful and annoying,counterproductiveto building a sound relationship. For example, my parents and I used to live in the same neighborhood. As they were physically close to me, they visited me often or my apartment when I was absent. Although I appreciated their doing household chores for me, I also felt uncomfortable because many of their unscheduled visits were intrusions and those regular visits were also not-so-delightful. As an adult, I would prefer privacy and random solitude to being taken detailed care of. It thus follows that we in fact would not appreciate an around-the-clock companion but prefer having no distractions.

It thus follows that keeping a distance is actually favorable to the mutual cherishment between two people. When the distance is kept, nothing is taken-for-granted, and the feeling of thathighlights the value of a friend, a lover, or family. Behind the feeling is the sense of insecurity, which however makes the friend, lover or family treasure.This is my strategy of maintaining a good status in my friendships. I deliberately keep myself available yet from a proper distance to my friends, and they thus have limited yet adequate access to me. Many of them may have the fear that they may lose me and, as a result, always keep me in mind.

「后文略」

遇到意义抽象的话题时，我们的讲道理可能是苍白无力的，我们甚至可能也无法把一个道理讲出所以然。“会举例子”才是成就写作内容充实、道理真切的关键，且不说例子的内容在篇幅上的帮助。

托福写作如何找思路

列举双观点撑起文章结构

托福写作的基本原则就是一定要找好写的方向，而不是另辟蹊径、试图做到一鸣惊人。因为托福写作考察的是语言的应用能力，而不是学生的思想高度。另外，如果看到一个题目，觉得某一个观点好写，但是只能想到一个观点，那么就赶紧从另外一个角度展开，看能否想到两个观点。终极目标就是选择的角度能够拓展出两个观点，撑起两个主体段。

列好提纲再开始填充内容

选对破题思路非常的重要，因为只有一开始方向对了，才能往下越走越顺，否则写到最后会步履维艰。因此，在拿到题目后，不妨花个2~3分钟时间，构思下自己的思路，再下笔也不迟。总好过写到一半，发现后面写不下去了，进退两难，最后硬着头皮编下去，因为这样的文章很容易跑偏，而且很难将字数写上去。

一面倒写法也需要反转

除了双观点写法以外，现在一面倒的写法也是比较流行的，那就是自从一个角度把观点一路拓展写下去的方法，否定就否定到底，支持就支持到最后。这样的写法从写作思路上来说是比较简单的，但大家破题以后还需要注意留一个反转的余地，那就是适当认可一下自己反对观点存在的正确性，简单来说就是虽然某某观点有很多问题但还是有一点可取之处的。用这种方式来做一个小的反转，能让你的论述更具有客观性和包容性。

【托福独立写作】高分技巧之让步式写法用法介绍

让步段，顾名思义，就是退了一步的段落。例如，For further career success, is relate well to other people more important than studying hard at school? 选择了同意的立场，写完了三个同意的理由之后，可以再写一点让步段论述一下反方的观点，即在学校学习好也很重要。写让步段的好处有很多，一是上文提及的最实际的用途---凑字数，二是从行文逻辑看，写一段让步段也可以展现考生思维的严密性。只要时间允许，此种一举多得的做法为何不尝试呢?

托福独立写作让步段写法讲解

但是，让步段写作也需要遵循一定的原则。考生在写作时，应当按照三部曲进行：1)写出一个反方观点 2)进行一定程度的削弱 3)重申自己的观点。

1. 写出反方观点

这一步大多数同学都做得不错，但是在提出反方观点之前，可再加上一些连接词，例如admittedly, nevertheless等等。还拿之前拿到题目做例子，For further career success, is relate well to other people more important than studying hard at school? 总观点是同意，让步段写学习好也挺重要的。第一步引出反方观点时，应写：Admittedly, acquiring an excellent GPA is one significant proof of your ability, for “study” is one of the major tasks that students are supposed to fulfill in school.

2. 进行一定程度的削弱

这是大多数同学会忽略的一步。很多同学在写让步段的时候，喜欢跳过第二步，直接重申自己的观点，然而这样的写法会显得逻辑上牵强，行文也显得生硬。因此，在提出反方观点时要进行一定的削弱。例如在写完上文那句话之后，应加上：However, the outstanding scores only prove the intelligence of the student, while the EQ, largely reflected by how well you relate with others, plays an utmost significant role in the future career success.

3. 重申自己的观点

这一步非常重要，因为让步段的提出仅仅是小插曲，重要的还是自己的观点。切不可写了让步段，就忘了自己的立场，那样就是得不偿失了。因此，在写完上面两句话之后，需要再加上一句，therefore, I still hold the opinion that relate well with others is more important than acquiring high scores in school.

在让步段的写作当中，尤其需要注意两点：1是第二步的削弱过程，这样可使文章看起来不那么唐突，更为流畅。2是另外还需注意字数的控制，让步段切不可写得超过之前的论述段的长度，否则就有观点不明确的嫌疑了。

托福写作范文：教育与学习

Students aged 13-18 are taught different subjects by different teachers while younger students are taught by only one teacher all day long. Some people suggest it would benefit younger students to be taught by different teachers. Do you agree with this view? Why or why not? (7月15日托福独立写作真题)

Introduction

As far as I am concerned, the method proposed by some people that students aged under 12 should be taught by different teachers offers a better solution to these children’s education. [开头段直接表立场，言简意赅]

Body paragraph 1

[中心句，开门见山]→There is one major insidious[形容词，潜在的]problem with the traditional method – one teacher in charge of all the subjects.[含蓄虚拟，假设隐含在主语]→Being taught by only one teacher would initiate[及物动词，发起]boredom in children, [非限定语从句]→who are more boredom-prone[形容词，易感到无聊的] than others. From 6 to 12 years old, as children continue to grow, they are becoming increasingly interested in coming into contact with others. Different classmates of the same or opposite gender are perfect targets for these young students to mix or play with; their teacher, [同位语从句]→an adult they see throughout each school day, also ought to be someone of a novelty. [假设论证]→If all the subjects are taught by only one teacher, dislike or even aversion[可数名词，厌恶的人或东西] towards him or her would gradually arise in some students. A small proportion would simply dislike this teacher’s physical appearance while others may likely have an emotional aversion to the teacher’s teaching style.

Body paragraph 2

To address the aforementioned problem,←[不定式作目的状语从句] hiring new teachers to bring freshness to these kids would be an effective solution. ←[就上段的问题提出解决方案，中心句] 【内容详见真经6】

Conclusion

As is stated above, being taught by only one teacher has a serious weakness, and this problem can be addressed by letting different teachers take charge of different subjects. ←[并列句，重申观点] Apparently, these teachers can provide different specialized [及物或不及物动词，使专门化]training for different subjects, thereby laying a solid foundation for the primary education. [总结上文论点收尾]

篇4：怎样理解托福听力中“举例子”

怎样理解托福听力中“举例子”

在托福听力对话中，是不是student动不动就说 one of my classmate told me 巴拉巴拉，或者是when I graduated from high school 的时候做过啥事?在一些讲座中，老师讲到动物会不会照镜子的时候就列举了好多动物的行为?这些examples可能都会成为托福听力的考点。

例如：TPO 18的 conversation 1的第三题：

3. Why does the student mention hosting foreign-exchange students?

A. To explain his interest in a particular field of study

B. To explain why he is looking for a job so late in the semester

C. To explain why he would like to be an exchange student the following year

D. To explain how he learned his computer skills

这篇对话的主旨是一男生转学到新学校，询问兼职工作的事情。在老师询问学生，为何选择该校专业时，男生向老师阐述了自己的家庭和个人经历还解释自己对于所学专业的喜爱。我们听力的是statement +example 这样的形式，特殊的在于：老师的提问引出了需要阐明的观点或者是态度，而学生通过例子来回答了老师的问题。这些考点主要根据说话人对于经历的回忆来说明自己的态度。

我们来看下对应的文本：

Professor: We do have a great program. Well how did you get interested in international studies? Student: My family hosted a few foreign exchange students while I was growing up. Then I took part in an international summer program after I graduated from high school. I thought I really like meeting people from all over, getting to know them.

Professor: OH! Ok! And that led you to our program. …

在这里我们看到，老师提出的问题，学生没有直接回答，而是回忆小时候的事情来阐述自己为什么选择 international study 这个专业来学习。在对话中引出例子的主要意义在于解释说话人的观点，推动对话的进行。

那么在讲座中，例子是如何进行考察的呢?我们还是来看一个例子。例如, TPO 24中的 lecture 4的第四题：

4. Why does the professor mention a bottle?

A. To illustrate the shape of the interior of a passage grave

B. To describe part of a Neolithic burial ceremony

C. To help explain how resonance is produced

D. To give an example of an artifact found in a Neolithic site

对应的原文是： Michael: How so? Professor: Well, first the echoes. When religious leaders started chanting with echoes bounced off the…(此处省略若干)… And another bit of physics I played here is something called Resonance. I know physics, but well I imagine you have all below near of top empty bottles and heard sounds it makes. And you probably notice that depending on its size--- each empty bottle plays one particular music note. Or it is the physics might put it, each bottle resonates at a particular frequency. Well, that's true of these chambers too.

从这些例子可以看到，学生提出问题，老师先给出答案，接着提出例子 bottle 来详细阐释原理。这篇考古学讲座的主旨是：The sound effects that Neolithic people could experience in passage graves, 而从主旨的角度出发，那么这道题目答案就选出C。甚至夸张地来说，考生没有听到这个例子也是可以直接选到C的，原因是只有答案C选项中有resonance(声音共鸣，共振)是和主旨对应的。

举例是托福口语中的运用是非常普遍的，考生们在遇到这类题型需要细心对待，根据上述的方法多加练习，争取考出好的成绩。

在托福考试中，运用举例说明来丰富自己的答案是必不可少的，尤其是在口语和作文中考试中，但是托福听力，在客观题题的考察项目中，例子也是一项举足轻重的地位，那么如何回答相关问题呢?下面三立在线小编为大家意义分析。

在托福听力对话中，是不是student动不动就说 one of my classmate told me 巴拉巴拉，或者是when I graduated from high school 的时候做过啥事?在一些讲座中，老师讲到动物会不会照镜子的时候就列举了好多动物的行为?这些examples可能都会成为托福听力的考点。例如：TPO 18的 conversation 1的第三题：

3. Why does the student mention hosting foreign-exchange students?

A. To explain his interest in a particular field of study

B. To explain why he is looking for a job so late in the semester

C. To explain why he would like to be an exchange student the following year

D. To explain how he learned his computer skills

我们来看下对应的文本：

Professor: OH! Ok! And that led you to our program. …

那么在讲座中，例子是如何进行考察的呢?我们还是来看一个例子。例如, TPO 24中的 lecture 4的第四题：

4. Why does the professor mention a bottle?

A. To illustrate the shape of the interior of a passage grave

B. To describe part of a Neolithic burial ceremony

C. To help explain how resonance is produced

D. To give an example of an artifact found in a Neolithic site

托福听力中的举例细节题

首先来认识一下举例细节题。举例细节题就是用例子说明概念，很多时候ETS会考察所举例子和说话人的论点间的逻辑关系。所以我们经常看见的举例细节题是这样的：

Why does the professor mention/say/talk about/discuss…?

或少数时候，它们也可以跟重听结合：

Why does the speaker say this?

无论是那种形式的考察，要想做好举例细节题，就要听好例子，以及上下文逻辑，这就需要我们在听听力的时候要有足够的预判能力：哪里有可能出现这样的题目。那我们就一层一层剥开举例细节题的高频出题点：

第一层是比较明显的举例表达，比如：for example, for instance, take … for example, take…, like… 等。只要说话者说要举例，就一定注意例子部分，以及例子和上下文的关系。比如TPO 15 L1第10题：

Why does the professor mention a high way?

A. To compare two experiments designed to study distraction.

B. To give an example of when area V5 might be activated.

C. To describe a limitation in the brain’s processing capacity.

D. To make a point about the effect of distractions on driving.

原文中，教授是这么说的：Lavie thinks the solution lies in the brain’ s ability to accept or ignore visual information. She thinks its capacity is limited. It’ s like a highway. When there are too many cars, traffic is stopped. No one can get on. So when the brain is loaded to capacity, no new distractions can be perceived .

笔记顺着教授讲的思路记下来的话，Lavie的想法是capacity is limited，然后用like类比，limited capacity就和highway建立了联系，而题目也正是考察这种联系，所以倒着推到like的前一句就是举例的逻辑答案。选C。

除了比较明显的直接用举例或类比的词句连接外，举例细节还会披上另一层马甲，那就是：“跑题”讲故事讲自己，或讲自己的故事。每当听力中的说话者想借助小故事让自己的想法更浅显易懂的时候，考生们就不得轻松了，这时要特别注意他们讲的故事和上下文的逻辑关系。比如TPO 34 C1第3题：

Why does the woman mention walking in the woods?

A. It is the possible topic of a story she will write.

B. It is what she does to get inspiration for writing.

C. It is an activity that she enjoys very much.

D. It is the setting of her favorite short story.

在原文中，教授想给学生解释一个道理：Well, in fact, I’d hope you’d see that. Of course, there are many levels to this story, but what I really want the class to take away from it was that you don’t need to write about the great, exciting world when you write your stories, uh, even writing about a memory can work.

学生表示明白：Like I could write about one of the times I took a walk in the woods when I was a kid.

教授表示赞同： Exactly!

这道题目中，学生自己的小经历I took a walk in the woods when I was a kid正是对前面教授想说的内容的具体说明，所以逻辑关系就是在前面一句：writing about a memory can work，所以选A答案。而B 答案中的inspiration与memory相差甚远，所以不选。

再比如TPO 17 L4 第13题：

Why does the professor first mention Proteus?

A. To explain how the octopus got its scientific name

B. To introduce the octopus' exceptional abilities

C. To point out that the octopus played an important role in Greek mythology

D. To provide an example of a mythological character that was part animal and part human

原文中，教授是想讲个故事给学生：Well, let me back up here a second. Anyone ever heard of Proteus? Proteus was a God in Greek mythology who could change form. He could make himself look like a lion or a stone or a tree, anything you wanted, and he could go through a whole series of changes very quickly. Well, the octopus is the real world version of Proteus. Just like Proteus, the octopus can go through all kinds of incredible transformations.

顺着教授的思路听下来的话，刚开始可能会疑惑，怎么刚讲的是octopus，现在又成了Proteus呢?跑题了吧?这时，“跑题”讲故事就是高频题点了。“跑题”的目的对应后面的总结句：Well, the octopus is the real world version of Proteus. 所以选B答案。

最后一层，也是举例细节题比较难识别的一层，就是教授讲课时把问题抛回给学生的表达，如：if you…, imagine…, consider…, think of…等等。教授在讲课时，有时会让学生设身处地想象一些场景，这样讲座会更多样。听力中若听到类似的表达，一定注意教授为什么让学生自己imagine/consider/think。比如TPO 19 L3第8题：

Why does the professor mention reddish mud on the roots of a spartina?

A. To illustrate the high density of salt-marsh soil

B. To explain how spartina rhizomes move through the soil

C. To point out the problems spartinas face in getting fresh water

D. To provide evidence that oxygen is present in the spartina’s roots

原文中教授是这么说的：

Soil there is dense and very low in oxygen, so Spartinas have air tubes, air enters through tiny openings on the leaves, the tubes provide direct pipe line for oxygen, carrying it down the leaves through the stems and into the roots, where it is needed. If you pull up a Spartina, you might even notice some reddish mud on some of the roots, this is caused by oxygen reacting with iron sulfide in the soil, and it produces iron oxide or rust.

让学生开始想象前，教授谈的是spartina怎么通过空气管把氧气运到根部的，所以让学生想象的场景：you might even notice some reddish mud on some of the roots，正是跟前面的理论the tubes provide direct pipe line for oxygen, carrying it down the leaves through the stems and into the roots, where it is needed 严格对应的;而教授在描述完场景If you pull up a Spartina 以后，又补充了类似的话：this is caused by oxygen reacting with iron sulfide in the soil, and it produces iron oxide or rust. 想象的场景前后都安插了oxygen，所以这道题严格的逻辑回答应该是D答案。

所以，要攻克举例细节题，要注意三类高频出题点：举例或类比for example时，“跑题”讲故事时，以及让学生想象一些场景时。听到类似的出题点，注意把握好例子和它前面的句子、或后面衔接句的逻辑关系，这样举例细节题就能迎刃而解了。

托福听力TPO练习四步走

step1：tpo实战模拟

新托福听力部分有2个section，每一个section包含1个对话和2个讲座共17道题，1个section的答题时间为10分钟，一个section做题时间到了以后会自动跳入下一个sec-tion。很多考生在没有时间压力下的正确率远远高于限时做题，大量的限时训练会使考生慢慢适应考试的紧迫感并有效提高选项判断的速度。

step2：精听文章

很多同学题目做完并且对完答案就结束了，但往往会忽略提高听力基本功的大好机会――精听。通过精听能够发现自己的听力盲点所在，然后核查文本扫清语言障碍，并且可以更好地理解文章结构及考点。通常听力障碍包括词汇的掌握以及连读失爆等特殊语音现象的听辨，当然除了这些浅层次的听力障碍，我们还要尤其关注文中的一些推理，态度及上下文之间的逻辑关系，这些往往是同学易错的考点，所以要通过大量的精听来总结常考考点所在，从而加强对常考考点信息的敏感程度。在精听的同时可以比对第一步做题时做的笔记，便可以发现自己记下的哪些内容是多余的，而哪些考到的考点自己却没有记下来。

step3：分析选项

托福听力难在部分题目的选项干扰性极强，特别是在文章听得不是很有把握的情况下，很容易犹豫不决，耽误做题速度。所以我们不光是要能选出正确选项，还要明确的知道错误选项错在哪里，在进行大量篇章的选项分析之后，同学们会熟悉常见的干扰选项类型，对正确选项类型更加敏感，从而加快做题速度。这一步我们可以比对第一步做题的结果，总结自己常错的题型，从而在听力中额外关注这些考点。

step4：口头复述

听力是个输入的过程，而口语是输出的过程，精听完成后我们可以立刻尝试将文章做一个简单的口头复述，这样既巩固了词汇，同时又会加深对文章结构和考点的认识，而且这个过程也可以训练托福口语的综合题型，可谓是事半功倍!

托福听力词汇备考需注重单词读音

注意点一：不要轻视托福听力中的短词。什么是短词呢?短词与长词是相对应的。与长词相比，短词的字母较少，读起来也十分顺口。很多考生将备考的重点放在了长词的备考上，觉得长难词考察的几率较大。其实，这是备考中的一个误区。托福听力考试的重点还是常见词汇不同用法上，因此与其花费时间和精力去记忆哪些难记的长词，不如将更多的时间放在常用词汇的备考上。

注意点二：一味地注重单词的拼写，却忽略了单词的读音。由于很多考生没有英语学习的环境，背单词的时候，都是以默写为主，所以当托福听力中出现了考生背过的单词之后，考生无法做到第一时间反应出来，甚至有可能完全没有意识到这是背过的单词。因此，我们在备考时，还是要熟悉单词的正确发音，避免哑巴英语。

注意点三：加强对俚语和习语的掌握。俚语和习语的背后，包含着文化内涵。我们可以适当掌握一些俚语，从多个角度了解英美国家文化。

篇5：托福写作举的例子太假不可信

托福写作举的例子太假不可信?这两个例证使用禁忌不可不知

切忌使用过于本土化的例子

有的同学在表达的时候，没有考虑到中西文化的差异，有的东西中国人很熟悉，很了解，但是美国人未必清楚，这样会导致他们无法理解，比如说有的同学说某个女孩很漂亮，会说她沉鱼落雁，羞花闭月的，但是这样描述美国人是不太懂的，因为这里面包含着中国古代四大美女的典故，与其这样表达还不如说这个女孩非常漂亮，我楼下的邻居张三每次看到她都激动的口水直流，浑身颤抖。这样的表达美国人就非常容易理解了。

例子细节不充分也是大忌

其实同学们都明白，平时身边哪来那么多例子，所以例子基本靠“编”的，虽然是在编造谎言，但是也要努力让谎言看上去比较真实一点，在谎言中增加细节是增加谎言可信度的很简单有效的办法，很多中国学生在写例子的时候会使用“比如说有一个人……”这样的表达，这样的表达看起来底气不足，模模糊糊，考官就很难相信确有其事。同学们可以改用另外的表达“我有一个朋友叫Jason，他在两年前做了X.X事……”这样写就看起来舒服多了。在叙述个人类例子的时候，尽量使用具体的人名、地名和时间。这样能使例子看上去更丰满、富有细节，也更像真实的事件，有说服力。

托福考官对编造例子的容忍度有多高?

对于中国学生来说，很少有学生能够有一个非常宏大的素材库并且任何话题都能从素材库中信手拈来合适的例子，事实上，托福考试仅仅是对于语言能力的测试，只要能用恰当的例子证明自己的观点就可以了，因此，这个为“编造”例子留下了很大的空间，只要“编造”得当，个人的例子或者自己身边的例子对于考官来说也是完全可以接受的。

托福考试作文独立写作范文：自己的经验比询问别人更能解决问题

It’s more important to use your own knowledge and experience than ask others’ knowledge and experience to solve problems.

写作参考一:

People tend to respond to problems differently given the fact that personalities may vary among different individuals. When it comes to the question of whether or not to solve the problem based on one’s own experience and knowledge or solicit others advice, I tend to believe that it really depends on the nature of the problem and we can not draw a definitive line here.

On the one hand, a rookie without any experience in a particular field can learn a great deal of knowledge and develop useful skills when learning from an experienced individual. For instance, when my father taught me how to ride a bike, I remember his experience and knowledge were extremely useful. My father sat me on the paddle with one feet hanging in the air, and I hold the handlebar straight and bent my arms a little bit so that I could keep balance. After my dad’s instruction and guidance，eventually I learned how to ride a bike. Also, in a working environment, the knowledge and experience of senior employees can be very helpful for someone who hold junior positions in the company. The expertise of senior workers have proven from time to time that a certain strategy of business operation cannot be paralleled by any other approach. Indeed, a recent study done by the National Society of Organizational Behavior indicates that one enjoys a better chance to be successful in his professional life if he gets intensive coaching and training from senior managers during the first two years of his job. Consequently, we can conclude that on some occasions it is beneficial for someone to capitalize on others’ experience and knowledge.

On the other hand, for problems, setbacks or major decisions that have a significant impact on the individual’s life, it is not rational to be influenced by others’ opinions and perspectives. For example, when you have big decisions like which university to attend or whether or not taking on a new career path, it is far better for you to figure it out and sort it through by yourself other than solicit the advice from others. Above all, nobody knows you better than yourself. You are the one who needs to live with the decision and other people won’t be the ones with the consequence. Frankly, it takes a lot of courage to stand up and take personal responsibility for your own decision. Any decision made out of assertiveness and confidence should be respected, however, nobody shows any respect to those who are wishy-washy and hesitate to make their own decisions.

In conclusion, we cannot readily draw a definitive line on question of is it better to use your own knowledge and experience than ask others’ knowledge and experience to solve problems since it has has to be examined case by case.

写作参考二:

There are abundant of difficulties and problems people need to handle and deal with in one’s lifetime. Different ways of handling will lead to different consequences, though they may finally solve the problems. Some people are for the opinion to seek advice from other people, for it may be faster and more comprehensive; on the other hand, some people, including me, are more inclining to solve problems using our own resources, for these experience will help us grow.

Admittedly, seeking advice from other people may serve as a shortcut to the problem. A person is not a lonely island in the world. With more ideas and opinions, one can easily find one of the most appropriate ways to solve their problem, be it money ones or the career ones. People will feel much easier to raise funds for urgent uses with friends’ assistances; one will also be relieved or soothing with others’ encouragement when finishing something difficult. It is those helping hand that help us go though the tides and solve the problems. However, other people cannot think in our own position, thus may not help us solve the problems from the deep root. Besides, solving problems by oneself can hone many cherished characters, which definitely can’t be gained with others’ help.

On the one hand, solving problems on one’s own is conducive to cultivate one’s independence. As an integral part of people, being independence can help people think and solve problems on one’s own, for it is people themselves can help them out. This kind of ability can well help adapt to the society, for one will encounter different kinds of problems in a lifetime, some of which can not be solved with others’ help, like tests, races and other important occasions. While others’ help serves as an outer factor, it is one’s own ability that matters and helps one grow. For example, a lot of people, especially successful people, are independent in almost everything, which are trained and cultivated in cracking problems. Relying on other people for advice may end up in disappointment. Thus, solving problem using one’s own experiences and knowledge ameliorate one’s independence and adaptability.

On the other hand, solving problem on one’s own is beneficial for cultivating one’s social responsibility. As a people, one must be responsible for what he/she has done. During problem-solving process, one would definitely experience all kinds of situations, thus knowing what kind of solution would work out best for them. If one fails to solve the problem, he/she will draw the experience and do better next time; if one happens to solve the problem with his/her own experience and knowledge, one will prepare for not having the same problems in the future. One will gradually know how to be responsible for one’s own decision and life, be it a bad or a good consequence. Therefore, solving problems on one’s own serves as the important step for one to be mature and responsible.

In a nutshell, it is strongly recommended that solving problems using one’s own experiences and knowledge, which cannot only cultivate one’s independence but also one’s responsibility.

写作参考三:

With the society becoming increasingly complicated, we find that everyone will inevitably encounter countless problems throughout his or her whole life. When it comes to how to address these problems, the senior strongly recommend that it is better to use one’s own knowledge or experience rather than to ask others for advice, while the young adults may view the issue from the opposite angle. As far as I am concerned, the latter stance is more reasonable, with the reasons as follows.

First, one conspicuous benefit of seeking suggestion from others is that people can solve the troubles or problems more efficiently. As is common sense, the knowledge and experience owned by any individual is limited to some extent so that it may take longer time to work out a complex problem without help from others. By contrast, asking others for advice is a totally different picture. My own experience is a good case in point. Back to my high school life, the chemistry class was a disaster for me because I had great difficulties in memorizing the chemical elements. Given the above situation, I asked my chemistry teacher, an experienced expert in chemistry, for help. According to his suggestions, I had a thorough review of the table of chemical elements and learned the internal relation between each element, thus gaining a satisfactory score in the midterm test.

Secondly, what also cannot be neglected is that turning to others for advice can help to enlarge our social network. For one thing, the course of seeking and receiving suggestions from others is one of the most typical form of communication, which can make us grasp the important principles and skills of establishing close relation with other people. To illustrate, it is of great necessity to maintain humble and modest when you want others to do a favor for you. For another, while being asked to give some advice, people will feel that they are valued and recognized by advice-seekers so that they are more likely to have a soft spot for those who seek counsels. Obviously, one’s humble personality and the mutual appreciation will definitely contribute to the enhancement of interpersonal relationship. Nevertheless, working on a problem individually will greatly reduce our opportunities to communicate with others and thus weaken our social ability, with the worst consequence of isolating ourselves from the whole society.

Factoring what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that asking others for advice is a better choice, in order to tackle the problems in a more efficient way and enlarge social circle.

篇6：托福写作如何举好例子

托福写作如何举好例子

在备考托福写作的过程中，不少拿不到写作高分的中国学生遇到的问题不是看不懂题目，也不是想不到理由，甚至也不是写不到300字(有学生写了470字，却只得了fair)，而是不会论证。“不会论证”这四个字几乎就是托福写作的死穴。ETS的考官们在OG中反复强调fully developed的重要性，说的也就是这个理儿。论证的主要方法有直接论证、举例子、引用他人观点和数据等等。在这里，最适合中国学生操作，也是最容易得高分的就是举例子了。

然而，举例子这个方法向来不为中国学生所重视。因为对于大多数学生来说，举例子实在是太容易不过了，只要写上for example之类的提示词，再写上人尽皆知的诸如Einstein, Newton之类的例子就万事大吉了。而事实上，这样的例子考官早已经看过成百上千遍了，怎么可能再给高分呢?

因此，要想举出高分的例子，最好是写两种例子：

1)美国人所熟知的历史、文化的例子，但一定要有一些新意，不是讲烂了的Galileo, Mother Teresa之流

2)讲自己身边的故事。

若是考生能够选用第一种例子，用得恰当的话自然能让考官眼前为之一亮。例如在讨论媒体对人们的影响时，选用美国人所熟知的脱口秀女王Oprah Winfrey作为例子。或是在讨论学生是否都应该学习历史的时候，选用美国历史上知名的总统，如Thomas Jefferson, Herbert Hoover等进行论证都非常好。这样做既进行了有效论证，又不落入俗套。然而，举这类例子对于考生考前的积累要求比较高。如果距离考试还有三个月或以上的时间，我建议考生可以在考前多准备一些类似的人物或事件的例子，以备考试之用。在这里，推荐给大家几个参考的网站：维基百科www.wikipedia.org/，纽约时报 www.nytimes.com/，华尔街日报 online.wsj.com/ 和 American thinker www.americanthinker.com/ 这些都是很好的收集素材的网站。

对于大多数备考时间比较紧的考生来说，花大量的时间去准备第一种例子显得有些不太划算。因此，性价比比较高的第二种例子更适合于备考时间比较短的考生。托福考试仅仅是语言能力考试，只要能用恰当的例子论述清楚问题就可以，因此用自己或身边人的例子对于考官来说也有很大的说服力。

有的考生仍然会问，那我身边没有那么多的例子可以用怎么办?这个时候，对待ETS的考官就不能这么“死心眼”了，就要学会“编例子”。但是“编例子”也要有技巧，也要让考官信服，绝非信口胡编。在这里介绍三个小技巧，帮助你把例子编得更生动。

1) 加上姓名、时间、地点等

很多中国学生在写例子的时候会使用“比如说有一个人……”这样的表达。这样的表达看起来底气不足，且中式思维严重，很难受到考官青睐。考生完全可以改用另外的表达“我有一个朋友叫Jason，他在两年前做了X.X事……”这样写就看起来舒服多了。在叙述个人类例子的时候，尽量使用具体的人名、地名和时间。这样能使你的例子看上去更丰满、富有细节，也更像真实的事件，有说服力。

2) 与论点结合，写出X.X之前和X.X之后的变化

这里的X.X指的是论点中的主题词。例如在写机经中的一个题目：公共交通是否应该免费时，有一个分论点是公共交通免费以后，私家车会减少，这样尾气排放得少了，环境也就变好了。这里的主题词就是私家车的数量，例子就可以写成N年前私家车很少，环境很好，然后私家车变多以后，环境就变差了。例子可写成：

10 years ago, in my childhood memory, the city which I live in now is one of the most beautiful cities I have ever seen. The blue sky and the clean water were quite impressive to me. However, 3 years ago, when I came back to this city again, I was astonished by those changes. The city developed rapidly during those days.There are far more private cars than years ago on the road every day. On average, every household has one or two cars. The city may be described as “developed” now,while the sky here is never as clear as ever.

3) 写完例子以后，一定要再结合论点论证说理

这一点不难理解，却是很多考生所忽视的。再强调一遍，例子的存在是为了更好地论证论点，因此在写完例子以后，需要再加上至少1~2句话重申一下你的论点。例如上文中出现的例子，写完之后，还应再加上If the amount of the cars can be reduced, I believe it will further improve the environment here, and be beneficial to all the citizens here as well. And The free payment of pubic transportation will make this come true.这样就是一个完整的论述段了。

逻辑能力--托福作文的灵魂

托福独立作文重要的因素是什么?当然是论点和论证。一篇好的作文，论点可以提纲挈领，论证可以丰富文章内容。

由于考试时间的限制，很多英语程度好的学生也会出现一些问题。比如说一个学生对作文的论点言之凿凿，但就是写不出东西，或是写不出令自己满意的句子。所以，上考场前，脑中一定要装一些东西，好的例子，好的句子等。

这里强调论据的重要性，不是忽视逻辑和论点的重要性。相反，只要你能够掌握一些的论据，对你谋划全篇的结构，以及段落发展，是有好处的。

论据的准备也可以称为素材，这种素材可以是一个短语，一个人名，或是一个完整的例子。这种例子能够辅佐你的乱点，能够画龙点睛。

把握好新托福写作的思路

怎样发展成为一篇逻辑性很强的文章呢?下面小编为大家介绍一些实战做法。

1.首先应该审题，尤其关注新托福写作题目中的性词汇。

比如：Improving school is most important factor to sucessful development of country. 看到most ，我们自然想到用他因法。

2.其次用20秒的时间，整理脑中所有能用的素材，让这些素材称为支持你段落的骨架，然后开始确定段落的论点。

3.尽量使你的语言句式丰富一些。

形式主语，主动，被动，动名词To do作主语，倒装句，there be，以及强调句等等。特别强调一点，为了使你文章的逻辑清晰可见，要使用逻辑连接词。

4.把握好过渡词的使用，和适当的论述方法完善你的作文，使之成为一个逻辑整体。

论述方法：条件(假设)法，比如：if 我按照论点那样做，就能cause siginificant effects，除了用if，还能有with, when, only through + 方式+倒装等。

托福写作--优先确定它的灵魂

一、托福写作的立意

由此进入破题与立意结合的阶段。充分的破题所积累的大量思维方向给我们以信心，要做的只有一项遴选工序了。而这选并不是闭上眼睛随手挑，而要符合以下条件：

1.要与论题相匹配。

论题问的既然是提高生活质量与否，一些无关紧要的改变就应该弃之不用，比如烹调时间缩短这一项改变，是事实，且未对生活质量有直接明显影响，就应该避免用作主要论点。

2.要能言之有物。

这是再功利不过的一条标准。比如我自己提到了食物准备时间缩短能让人性情改变，破题时觉得不无可能，真落笔时却不知道由何说起，如果选了这一条为一个主要论点，结果是我说了一句话就走人，那还不如选个能下笔，能展示语言功底，也能显示思维缜密的写作方向。

3.选择的无论是2个还是3个论点，内在一定要有联系。

这其实是整个立意阶段的重头。要立意，就是要明白自己表达的对象是什么，明确立场。然后站在这个立场上，挑选支持自己的论点。

托福写作破题结束后，第二要做的重要事项便是整理行文思路。破题过程其实是个发散思维的过程，而立意，则是要把思维收回来，组织化，理清它的脉络纹路，让他们按照自认为有说服力的顺序排列好，准备落于纸上的过程。这个说服力的强弱，应该以什么标准判断呢?

笔者认为，能说服读者的议论，在论点选择上应该遵循一个原则：三个(或者两个)论点不能在层面上有交叉，但要符合一条明线：支持全文观点。而打动读者的论点选择，不仅遵循上面的原则，三个看似不交叉的论点间还有一条暗线贯穿一致。令全文浑然天成，回味无穷。

立意的地一步，按照上面的原则看，当然是先确定观点。以题目为例，笔者愿意选择否，食物易于准备降低了人们的生活质量。步踏出去了。

确定观点后，破题时得到的思维方向，明显不利于我的就应该排除。

比如营养价值改变这一条，虽然速食文化的确对人体有害，但另一项速食：生疏和熟粗粮，就是向有益方向改变的，两者势均力敌，仅管是很容易想到，也很容易举例论证的论点，却不宜使用，因为如此贸然用了，有思维不缜密之嫌。然而，这毕竟是一块好啃的骨头，如果其他论点都不好论证，还可以回头捡起这一条来，隐去健康速食那个事实进行作文，当然，这依然是下下之选。

二、托福写作中需排除异己

之后，便该比较遗留的可能性论点，选取能言之有物且不交叉的项目，作为主要论点了。

托福写作考试发散思维时，思维如洪水，席卷一切进入视野的可用之材，但大浪淘尽后，选择时就要格外注意这些素材的特征属性，看准了着手点才能下手。一个可能的论点必须作者有话可说才能选用，但如果对一个论点有太多话要说，就应该停下来，看看这些话能否安插在其他论点上。这也是出于观察论点间交叉性的需要。比如我选生活节奏改变，引发出速食对食量的影响，再引出对身体的影响，但个选择的论点是营养价值对身体的影响，两个论点就交叉在一起了。

在挑选论点，寻找言之有物这个“物”的时候，一定要注意避免层面的交叉，而这个层面，也要从托福写作题目中来：题目问的是对生活质量的影响，这些选择的层面一定和生活质量有关。生活质量又有什么层面呢?身体健康是一层，心理健康是一层，这两者合并在一起，是人类健康生活的基本要求，而物质享受是在基本要求上的锦上添花，又可以算一层，三层不交叉的层面就找到了。

以此为依据，再回头找匹配的论点，事半功倍。此处也需要注意，破题时给出的方向只是方向，不是成熟的论点。有需要时，可以把匹配的几个方向糅合成一个论点，方便下笔。

针对本题，三个论点如下：

身体健康下降：速食对食量的影响。心理健康下降：快速的生活节奏造成压力。物质享受下降：精心调配的美食是一种格调，人们正在沉沦于生活压力中，丧失享受的品位。

这三个论点,大家可能都看得心满意足,以为思路完成了,可以下笔了.事实上就这么下笔,的确已经可以成文了.可要写成一篇动人的议论,还是不够.因为这三个论点虽不交叉,却只有一条明线为关联:这条明线就是支持全文观点.细细研究,它们再无其它联系,如果写成文章,读后不会有一气呵成的畅快淋漓之感,也不会特别深入人心.

这条暗线，应该是什么呢?是让托福写作从死板规矩的举例说理，三片豆腐块儿拼成的死文字，变成有思想，又灵性，能从纸上走出来，走进读者内心去的，作者的心声。这暗线，就是前文提过的，能赋予文章品格的，刚柔之论，是或者以情，或者以理，串联整篇文章。

既然这条暗线要贯穿全文，就必须与各个论点有一定联系。而在串连所有论点的同时，要避免交叉，就使这个暗线出于一个全新的视角。之前笔者从题目用词的角度发散思维，再根据题目提问的出发点将发散开的思维分成三股收束起来。从题目本身入手，已无处再用力，可以使用的视角，只能从个人经验和知识中采凿-----而这正是独立写作的基本要求：writing based on knowledge and experience

仍然以题目为例，笔者醉心心理学，因此这一次的暗线会从心理角度入手。调用笔者的心理学知识储备，在遗留的可能性论点中寻找可以嵌含的切入点，将可以利用的心理角度理论排列出一定顺序，落笔时以暗线而非明线的顺序依次展开论证。

托福写满作分范文的欣赏

New findings in scientific areas can examine and challenge previous assumptions. A recent finding concerning the meerkat, a burrow-dwelling animal in the African grasslands, has cast doubt upon the conventional ideas of altruism, the type of behavior in which an animal sacrifices its own interests for the benefit of another.

Meerkats were previously thought to be a typical altruistic animal. When the other meerkats feed, there is usually one meerkat watching out for predators. The sentinel meerkat gains nothing, it seems, for it can neither eat nor escape quickly and successfully after raising an alarm.

However, in the new findings, it's shown that the sentinel meerkat has already eaten food before standing guard, thus contradicting the thought that it has an empty belly while on the lookout. In addition to this, the sentinel is the first to see a predator, so it is the first to escape. It is also placed nearest a burrow, making it relatively easier to flee. Moreover, its alarm calls may cause the group either to gather or to spread rapidly, which may attract the predator's attention, providing the sentinel a better chance to escape.

The same is with supposed human altruistic behavior. Organ donation to strangers may be considered an unselfish act, which provides little reward to the donator. However, by donating his organ, the donator may most probably receive praise and appreciation from others. Isn't this non-material reward, which increases one's self worth, satisfactory to anyone?

将本文的Word文档下载到电脑，方便收藏和打印

推荐度：

点击下载文档