下面是小编帮大家整理的托福独立写作开头段高分写法思路实例解析，本文共7篇，希望对大家有所帮助。本文原稿由网友“野原广志”提供。
篇1：托福独立写作开头段高分写法思路实例解析
托福独立写作开头段常用展开方式介绍
一篇托福作文的开头段如果写的好，往往能够瞬间吸引考官眼球，留下良好的第一印象。而想要写好开头段，选择正确的话题展开方式尤为重要。因此，我们要做到开门见山，明确写作话题和目的，一般来说以下这些写法考生比较容易掌握，也能够起到很好的明确作用：
1. 提出争议性话题，引发讨论式激发读者思考;
2. 用数据来说话，即以事实来陈述;
3. 以报告研究引出话题;
4. 呈现该话题正反方的观点;
5. 引用名人名言、谚语等作为文章的开头;
6. 对将要讨论的话题进行定义。
除了采取正确的展开方式外，开头段的另一个高分精髓在于对句式的运用。如果开头段大家就一味使用简单句，难免会给人一种缺乏句式使用能力的印象，全部由简单句构成的开头段也会让读者觉得比较寡淡缺乏足够的吸引力。因此，小编建议大家在开头段的写作中，合理运用复合句，当然考生要注意不能轻易犯语法错误，在保证语法正确句式通顺的前提下使开头段显得简洁明了，逻辑清晰。
篇2：托福独立写作开头段高分写法思路实例解析
接下来，小编就通过对两道托福写作真实考题的开头段实例来为大家做具体解析：
例子1
题目：Some people prefer to live in a small town. Others prefer to live in a big city. Which place would you prefer to live in? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.
思路分析：
对于这样的话题，我们可以采用第四种方法，呈现出正反方的观点。鉴于这样的方法，我们可以通过以下的方式来扩展段落，第一步---体现普遍性;第二步——体现可讨论性;第三步——得出立场或者文章打算。
开头段实例：
There are undeniable advantages to both life in a big city and in a small town. The former offers more excitement and convenience while the latter offers a cleaner, quieter and often friendlier place to live. However, despite the advantages of small town life, I prefer to live in a big city for several reasons.
点评：
首先用一个简单句描述住在大都市和小城镇都有各自的优点，接着开始分别表现住在大都市和小城镇的优点，然后用一个 however,来表明作者的观点。
翻译：
在大都市和在小城镇生活各有优点，这是不可否认的。前者提供给人们比较多的乐趣及便利，而后者则提供给人们一个比较干净、安静，而且通常更亲切的居住场所。然而，尽管小镇生活有这些优点，但基于某些理由，我还是比较喜欢住在大都市里。
例子2
题目：“When people succeed, it is because of hard work.
Luck has nothing to do with success.” Do you agree or disagree with the quotation above? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your position.
思路分析：
这样的题目，我们可以用名言或者俗语来开篇，吸引考官的注意。
开头段实例：
It has been said that when people succeed, it is because of hard work and that luck has nothing to do with success. Although I believe that hard work is very important and is the surest way to success for most people, I disagree with this statement. It cannot be denied that luck often plays an important role in success.
点评：
这个开篇就是用一句俗语开头，接着开始阐述自己的看法，这也不失为一个好办法 。
翻译：
有人说一个人会成功是因为努力，而运气和成功则是一点关系也没有。虽然我相信努力 很重要，而且对大部分的人来说，努力是成功最可靠的方法，可是我不得不反对这种说法。能否成功，运气扮演着一个很重要的角色，这是不可否认的事实。
举了两个例子给大家，希望各位同学能够个更为直观的了解托福写作开头段的写法思路，并且多加练习，争取也能写出优秀的托福独立写作高分开头段。
托福写作那些疑惑
Q1： 托福独立写作是否中间一定要写三段?
不是的。不要用段落的数量去衡量一篇文章是否好。而是看你能否用你自己的论据去清楚合理地论证文章主旨。 每一段展开一定要言之有物，切不可泛泛而谈，讲空洞的大道理。每个点展开都应该是specific, not general; concrete, not abstract. 也就是说要给出有效的细节或者例子。官方指南P335 的满分范文，也就两个支持段。所以段落的多少和文章是否拿到高分没有必然关系。分论点不是越多越好，而是每一个分论点能够讲的越清楚越详细越好。单纯的罗列的分论点是拿不到高分的。
Q2： 独立独立写作字数是否越多越好?
在官方指南中有这么一句话
“An effective response is typically about 300 words long。 If you write fewer than 300 words，you may still receive a top score，but experience has shown that shorter responses typically do not demonstrate the development of ideas needed to earn a score of 5。”也就是说官方指南中明确表明如果字数不达到300字不能合理的论证你的观点，就不能拿到一个比较理想的分数。在思路清晰，论证充实，且语法错误没有的情况下，字数肯定越多越好。但是很多同学会进入一个写作误区，一味的追求字数，把本来简单的意思非要复杂化，讲的特别啰嗦。这样的同学不仅不能拿到高分，反而还会影响考官的阅卷，觉得你的文章很罗嗦累赘。考官读起来也会很累。
Q3: 是否需要背诵好的模板句型?
相比较背诵好的句型，我更建议同学们准备好的话题素材。根据一年的独立写作考题分析，常考的话题教育类，政府类，科学类话，领导、工作、交友等。同学们可以根据这些话题准备常用的短语表达，考试的时候才能言之有物。
Q4：托福独立写作是否用越高大上的词越好?
讲的越清楚越好，越贴合语境越好。越是高大上的词，通常都是低频词，也就是意味着他们所能搭配的语境是比较局限的，并不是所有的句子里面都能使用。 如果整篇文章都是比较基础的词汇，偶尔来几个特别难词，反而会破坏文章原来的一致性。而且考官评分的时候也不会你使用了三四个生僻词而给你高分，肯定是从文章整体的可读性来进行判断。在官方指南P287中有这么一句话：The writer does not use high-level vocabulary, but word choice is correct throughout.
Q5： 托福写作是不是多写写就可以拿到高分?
很多时候学生觉得自己文章写了挺多的了，为什么好像分数一直上不去。 这是什么原因呢? 中国有一个成语叫‘闭门造车’。写作作为一个输出类的考试，每个同学一定要进行输入，去看别人写的好文章，并且有意识的总结和归纳。 如果有时间，最好能够进行仿写。写完之后将自己的文章和原文进行比对。如果一味的输出，不去找自己的问题，不去改进，也很难得到提升。现在所有的学生我都会让他们每天坚持仿写一段文章，大部分同学表示坚持半个月之后，会明显发现自己有话可说了，不会词穷了。
Q6：平时练习好像感觉还可以，考试的时候分数比较差，这是为什么?
之前我也带过几个学生平时写的作文内容挺好的，讲的也很清楚，上课也很认真，但是考试的时候分数就一直在23以下上不去。在考试之后发现这一些同学，平时很少限时完成作业，给自己一个小时，有的甚至跟多的时间去慢慢构思。这是完全不可以的，实际上，这类同学一旦限时，很多问题都会暴露出来。因此，在临近考试前一定要计时训练，这样才能找到考试的感觉。
Q7: 名人的例子是不是一定比普通的例子要好?
都一样，问题的关键是你能否清楚地表明你为何要用这个例子，以及你自己对于这个例子的看法和分析。并不要求使用有名、复杂的例子，尽管这些例子可能论证力更强。个人经历就是一种很好写的例子。阅卷人并不会按照论据的复杂性来看文章。(当然如果你有独特的例子肯定是更好的，如果没有也不需要强求。)
Q8： 综合写作字数超了会有影响嘛?
不会。只要你回答的是准确切题的，就没有任何问题，是肯定不会扣分的。官方指南中明确说到：‘Suggested length is between 150 and 225 words. You will not be penalized if you write more, so long as what you write answers the question.’
综合写作对学生的听力要求比较高，所以同学们课下一定要好好练习听力，这样写作才能冲高分。有些同学听力写了一丢丢，但是阅读写了一大堆，不管你的字数超没超，综合写作分数都会很低。
Q9: 综合写作部分用模板会不会很俗?
这边和大家强调一遍： 一定要区分有效的模板和无效的模板。 无效的模板是指每一篇文章都能套用的，不假思索就能写的废话。比如the first reason I want to put forward at the very beginning should be considered as …..，还有一些同学强行记忆一些开头和结尾段的模板。这种不建议想在写作拿高分的同学去使用，因为毫无意义，特别啰嗦。(PS官方指南明确表明： Do not “memorize” long introductory and concluding paragraphs, just to add words to your essay.) 但是综合写作部分的模板，我们可以称之为答题的框架，可以让你的结构更加清楚，而且考官更容易踩点，所以使用是没有关系的。问题的关键是!!!你是否有skill去记录所有的听力内容，并且说明听力在哪个点上反驳阅读，这个才是重点。
老师说
学习是一个循序渐进的过程，希望每一位童鞋都能够踏踏实实，一步一个脚印，取得自己理想的分数哦。 No pains; no gains.
托福写作之如何写一个topic sentence(主题句)
所谓主题句(topic sentence, 也有人叫它中心句)，就是独立写作主体段中统领全文的那个句子，也就是表述在独立写作头脑风暴和谋篇布局时候想到的“主要理由”或者“论点”的那个句子。通常一篇独立写作有三个主题句。
例如在题目“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is betterto work in large companies than in small ones.”，选择agree，三个主题句可以是：
The first reason is that a large company can provide more opportunities to develop one’s ability
Another reason for choosing a big company involves welfare.
A third reason is that one who appreciates the unique culture of abig enterprise will become a more responsible person to the society.
在托福写作中，三个主题句可以说是作文中最重要的一组句子，因为主题句对段落起到“提纲挈领”的作用，同时对整篇文章的结构清晰度和文章逻辑性也至关重要。
如何将这个理由“完整”“清晰”“出彩”的表达出来就是本文讨论的话题。
首先，每段主题句通常都位于段首，紧跟于“first, second, third”这些“信号词”之后。除此之外还需要注意以下几点。
丨简明扼要
主题句需要让读者看到之后能够快速、准确地把握本段的主要内容。这要求我们在写主题句的时候，一方面内容要简单，另一方面用语要凝练。
先来看一个反面例子：
“First and foremost, television, invented in the last century, withits wide availability and increasingly prosperous programs ,becomes one of the most powerful means of communication in history, and is more and more difficult to ignore”
这个主题句涵盖的内容太多，读完这个句子，读者根本不明白本段是要陈述电视节目蓬勃发展(increasingly prosperous program), 要强调电视是最强力的交流工具(the most powerful means of communication in history),还是要论证电视不可被忽视(difficult to ignore)，这就是一个典型的内容太复杂的主题句。
再看一个反例:
“First of all, following the new customs can show a sense of respect,which can allow a better and faster adaption inside the local population so that they make more friends.”
这个句子也有两个论点：表示尊重(show a sense of respect)，扩大社交(make more friends),同样也使读者不能抓住本段的主要内容。
如何避免这种错误，使主题句内容简单呢?很简单，首先做到每个主题句有且只有一个论点。论点就是指我们头脑风暴时候想到的那些“key words”，比如健康，安全，情感等等，每段写一个，不要把健康和安全放在同一个段落，也不要把情感和成功放在同一个段落。
例如上面第二个例子，我们只需要删去一个论点，就可以变得非常简洁：
“To start with, accepting cultures in the foreign country is an indispensable element that contributes to the expansion of social circle.”这是一个简洁的主题句，只有扩大社交(contributes to the expansion of social circle)这一个论点。
论点唯一还不一定能完全做到简洁，来看另一个反例：
“The first reason why letting children care for animals isnot the best way to teach them about responsibility is that it could negatively impact a child’s health.”
这句话虽然只有一个论点，可是用语太繁杂，让人头晕。主题句的语法不建议太复杂，建议大家把花式操作留到其他部分去秀，在主题句，只要写一些简单句，例如：“First, raising pets will exert a negative impact on a child’shealth.”就行了。
丨不是陈述事实
来看下面两个句子：
A: “First, some children might be infected by feeding animals.”
B: “First, raising pets could negatively impact a child’s health.”
哪一个是好的主题句呢?
答案是B。
因为A句的内容是一个“纯粹的事实”，而B句则是“抽象的概念”(exert negative impact)，换言之，A句可以作为B句的例子，但B句不能作为A句的例子。
陈述事实的句子是不能作为主题句的，事实是不言自明的。不言自明，也就不需要后面的文字来“论证”了。主题句需要写“a sentence that you could give examples for”，而不能写一个 “example”。
来练习判断下面几组句子中哪一个可以做主题句呢?
A: “Second, the academic performance of some children becomes poor after they are responsible for caring for a pet.”
B：“Second, caring for a pet could disrupt a child’s regular studies.”
A: “First, people could learn how to communicate with eachother through participating in community activities”
B: “First, participating in community activities is apractical and effective approach to enhance their social skills.”
A: “First, letting children take care of animal is a good suggestion for the reason that kids like animals.”
B: “To start with, raising pets fill friendship vacuums and satisfy people’s need to nurture“
(答案：三组都是B句较好)
丨使用高级词汇
很多同学要问，如果主题句中不建议使用复杂句型，又不能出现多层结构，那如何显示自己的语言功力呢?要知道我们展示语言能力的地方并非只有复杂的句型，丰富和精准的词汇使用，同样可以展示英语的专业程度。比如
“First, go to museums can teach people different kinds of knowledge”
→ “First, visiting museums provide people with an opportunity to comprehend a vast amount of knowledge”
想想看，如果原本句子中只会写“good”之处，替换为“advantageous, beneficial, effective, efficacious, favorable,invaluable, rewarding, unparalleled, unprecedented”等等词汇，效果是不是更好呢?如果多次出现“important”的地方，改写为“central, critical ,crucial, decisive, essential, pivotal, primary,principal, vital，a key to, an indispensable part, play a pivotal role, attach great importance to”会不会增加可读性呢?
在平时的阅读中，注意积累一些“高级词汇”，准确掌握词义，并且刻意练习使用这些词汇，逐渐就会取得不错的写作成绩。
篇3：托福写作开头段高分写法思路解读
托福写作开头段高分写法思路解读 定义法实例讲解
托福写作开头段定义法写作思路简介
托福写作开头段的定义法，即通过对话题词的定义的介绍，这种方法在新托福开头写作中有一定难度，考生需要有渊博的知识，才能做到对名词的解释，但对特别明显的词语，考生可借鉴这种方法。
托福写作开头段定义法实例讲解
实例：
The main purpose of public libraries is to provide books and they should not waste their limited resources and space on providing expensive hi-tech media such as computer software, videos and DVDs. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
思路分析：
本题中的话题词为图书馆，可以解释的词也是图书馆比较方便容易。那么到底如何解释呢，比如说图书馆在传统意义上来看，是收藏书的地方，而现在因为科技发展，使得图书馆的意义发生改变，从而引出话题。这里同样可以用形式主语：
It is generally believed that public libraries are places with a large collection of books; however, the digital time has given it a new means of storing and retrieving information.
细节决定成败，你注意了吗?
ETS给出的对于独立写作高分文章的评分标准中，有这样一句话：
“Is well organized and well developed, using clearly appropriate explanations, exemplifications, and/or details.”
也就是说，一篇出色的文章应该得到很好的组织和发展，并运用清晰恰当的说理、举例以及细节(details)来加以论证;这也就是我们常说的摆道理、讲事实。因而，对于托福独立写作，举例论证是不可或缺的论证方式，独立写作的分论点，理应有事例来支撑。
经常有同学会问，一个好例子的标准是什么呢?依笔者看来，一个好的事例要包含细节，陈述翔实。细节既包括事件的前因后果，也包含对于身份、时间等静态信息的描述。接下来，笔者将重点探讨能发挥大作用的两种小细节：名字和数字。
I. 名字
名字不仅指事例中的人名(身份)和地名，也包括行业名、公司名以及品牌名等等。名字的使用，一方面可以使得文章的信息表述更明确、准确，另一方面也可以使语言更加生动。
参照下面的简单对比，名字这类细节的作用显露无疑：
My best friend works in an e-commerce company. (general description)
My best friend, Johnson, works in Alibaba. (description with name)
My best friend, Johnson, works in Alibaba, China’s leading e-commerce corporation. (description with name and place)
因此，若同学们在举例论证时能把人名、地名、品牌等具体信息表述清楚，将会极大地提升语言的可读性和可信性。以下面一段为例：
[Sub-point]Mobile games, which you may be highly familiar with, have prevailed for years and now they serve as the main approach for young people to relax and reduce pressure. [Exemplification] Pokemon, the most popular game recently, is overwhelming the globe at a speed beyond imagination. In many public places of big cities like New York, London and Tokyo, young people gather and look for small creatures with their cellphones. [Analysis] Mixing the virtual and real worlds together, Pokemon provides the players something they can enjoy anywhere and it is a pit-stop in daily routines.
不难看出，这一段中，因为使用了游戏的名字Pokemon以及纽约伦敦等大都市，例子变得极其真实具体，引发读者共鸣的同时，又能很好地服务于文章论证。
II. 数字
同样的，文章中数字的运用，可以使论证变得更加准确，更具说服力。数字的使用既含列考生常用的列数据，也包括对时间、年龄和数量的描述。以下面一段为例：
[Sub-point] Big cities present young people with plenty of career opportunities. [Explanation] Thanks to the developed public transit, geographical advantage and compelling economic policies, big cities become where companies, big or small, tend to gather. [Exemplification] Take Shanghai as an example. Over 300 multinational companies (out of the Fortune 500) from all industries, ranging from finance to auto manufacturing, have their branches or subsidiaries in this metropolis, creating millions of job opportunities for people, especially the young. Every year more than 1 million college graduates flood into this place of dream, hoping to find a suitable job and that one day they will have their own career and gain a foothold here.
在上段中，作者并没有单调地分析大城市具有何种优势从而吸引到寻求工作机会的年轻人，而是列举了几个事实的数字：超过300家500强企业，数以百万计的工作机会，每年超过100万的来沪求职者。这些数据的使用，使得文章的说服力上了一个等级，与只有单调说理而没有数字的论证相比，高下立判。
以上，是笔者对于名字和数字两种小细节的简单探讨。好的举例论证，既让说理显得充实、强势，又让语言变得生动、灵活，很好的增强文章的可读性。各位考生在平时的练习中，应该注意对于各种素材的掌握和积累，这样在考场上才能厚积薄发、熟练运用。
20分钟如何写出托福高分作文
现在很多网上流传的满分托福作文，大多是语言能力极好的英语老师，在充裕时间下(也许1个小时以上)，慢功细活，逐步构建出的完美文章。其特征，经常是，每个分论点都清晰简洁的列在分论段段首第一句。分论点后接一句句法和单词都非常高大上的长难句。后面跟更多的高大上解释。但其实，想在考场上仅有的30分钟内做到这一点，即便是这些老师自己，也是非常困难的。
所以笔者的写作课程一直强调大家练习的，反而是写好简单句，和使用简单，但是准确词汇的能力。其实练好简单句，才是托福写作提分最速成的方法。所以近期会推出一个系列，就是笔者自己在限时情况下(20分钟左右)，尝试解一些以前从未写过的题目。
Agree or Disagree:
A job with more vacation time but a low salary is better than a job with a high salary but less vacation time.
高薪少假 vs. 低薪长假
Disagree.
Ideally, everybody’s dream job would be one that pays well and at the same time, has a lot of vacation time. However, in the cold, hard reality, we often have to choose between high salary and vacation time when we just enter the work force. I, personally, would choose the former.
To begin with, less vacation time would only be a temporary phase, but still a necessary one. I say that our final goal is to earn a lot of money, but simultaneously, have a lot of free time to travel, or to do other things that we want. But, how can we get there? The answer is that we still have to strive for it. We have to learn constantly, even after graduation. Many of my senior classmates, parents, relatives, and teachers tell me the importance of life-long learning. They would say that graduation is the starting point of life. So naturally, if you want to learn and grow fast, you should practice more, strive harder, and constantly reflect on what you are doing. To get more practice opportunities, of course, you should get a job that provides you with a stage.
Of the two kinds mentioned in the above statement, it is obvious that a job with high pay and less vacation offers you more opportunities to gain experience. Allow me to point out some simple facts. With a normal job, which starts from 9 and ends at 6, an employee works 8 hours a day, 40 hours per week, hours per year. With a high pay job, however, overtime is always expected. People with higher salaries often works from 9 to 10, or worse. Accordingly, these people might work 14 hours per day, 80 hours per week, 4000 hours per year, which is just equivalent to two people’s workload in a low paid job. In theory, the latter would grow and gain experience twice as fast as the former. What’s more, growing faster brings even more opportunities. Management always love young people with great potential and ambition, and thus would give them more opportunities and responsibilities. The rewards of choosing a high pay job is not linear in regards to the amount of time you invest. The rewards increase exponentially.
Based on the reasons above, I choose jobs with higher pay but less vacation time.
简单说一下自己这篇文章的写作思路。开篇中规中矩的开头段。上过强化班的同学都知道开头段的三要素：背景引入、改写题中观点、提出自己观点。笔者首先拿所有人的梦想中工作，所谓活少钱多型工作，做了个简单引入。第二句，使用简单副词However转折，随后立即引出并改写题中观点。最后第三句，简练陈述自己观点 – 高薪少假的工作更好。
通常在考场上时，由于笔者自身的展开能力较强，基本一个分论点可以轻松展开到180字以上。所以，在这样的情况下，可以不用仔细构思文章结构。因为知道即便不仔细构思，也不会出现一会写一半就没的写了的尴尬局面。所以这篇文章开头段写完以后没多想，直接在主体段陈述了自己的核心理由，也是笔者最想展开的理由：年轻人必须经历高薪少假的阶段。随后又提到开头段说到过的话题，我们所有人的最终目标是高薪长假。但我们并不能一步登天，而是要一步一步奋斗。
到这里，大家可以大致看清文章的论证思路了。我们在精讲精练班说过，主体段的展开，其实是一个因果逻辑链展开和证明的过程。基本上，任何的段落展开，其实都是某个逻辑链AàB的证明过程。仔细思考的话，不难发现，其实笔者的论证思路到这，逻辑链条已经清晰出现，即高薪少假的工作，可以带来高薪长假的工作。同时，由于这道独立写作题是个比较对比题，笔者还要证明的一个逻辑链为，低薪长假的工作，不能带来高薪长假的工作。
基本上，大家看第一个主体段会发现，笔者在论证的是，想得到高薪长假的工作，一定要奋斗。而第二个主体段在论证的是，高薪少假的工作给我们更多奋斗和锻炼的机会。多到什么程度呢?比低薪长假的工作多一倍。(2000小时vs. 4000小时部分)所以我们成长的也更快。
写到这里时，笔者又想到自己以前在会计师事务所加班的经历。通常加班猛的员工会得到老板的欣赏，因此也会被给予更多的机会和责任。所以便有了第二个主体段的第二个细节点What’s more的部分。这部分后来一共只写了50个字。这是因为笔者发现自己已经写够了近400字，所以觉得没有必要再进一步展开了。如果想进一步展开的话，这里最后完全可以再加一个个人经历的example来支持自己前面的观点。(高薪少假工作有更多的机会)如果真的是在考场上，时间已经所剩无几的话，那么此时就是开启结尾段之时。因此，后来直接all in all, 简单一句陈述结论：我选择高薪少假的工作。
不过最后同学们可能会有疑问说，老师，我如果展开能力没那么强，字数写了半天没凑够，那咋整?或者有同学会问说，老师，有没有一个操作性更强的方法?或者说是步骤化的方法?告诉我第一步该干什么，第二步，第三步分别干什么?第一个问题答案：练习展开能力。第二个问题答案依然是肯定的。
三步po解托福综合写作难题
托福写作考察的关键是什么?新托福综合写作考题不仅是对考生的写作能力的考察，更是对考生综合能力的考察。写作过程中的阅读与听力内容是学生必须要扎实掌握的部分;相比而言，阅读的完成难度并不算大。即使可能会遇到一些生词难词，但是一般基础过关的同学都可以轻松应对;而且关键是考试时有两次机会接触到阅读材料。相反，听力内容只出现一次。不仅如此，之前在阅读里出现的相关生词难词在听力中可能会再一次出现，而且因为不理解具体意思，加上不熟悉读音的关系会令听力难度增加，不易于理解。
如此一来，综合写作的难度就无疑加深了，托福写作解析变得非常必要。托福写作解析能够帮助更多的同学掌握写作技巧，突破写作难关。在托福写作的过程中，考生除了应该掌握尽可能多的听力技巧和熟悉对应的生词之外，关键是要摸清楚托福写作的听力套路与破绽，然后利用这些内容来快速地攻破托福综合写作。因为只要写作中听力不成问题，利用事先准备好的写作模板和格式来套用的话，200字左右的综合写作文章其实是难度不大的。
托福写作解析第一步：综合写作阅读部分
托福文章都是按照一般的英文作文先后排列顺序安排组织全文的，如快速浏览首段的第一句话就可大致知道全文的主题，而读懂首段最后一个句子或是后半部分一般就可以知晓作者的全文态度和观点了。
阅读部分最主要要抓住中心思想和三个分论点。但是细节和论证也需要稍加注意。
中心思想一般在开头段的最后一句话，如果中间出现了专有名词和代词，则需要往前看找相应的解释。
三个分论点一般都在全文的三个主体段落的首句或者是末句，如何判断是哪一句，则需要把握两点：第一，是否与中心思想直接有关;第二，是否是简明扼要表明观点的句子。剩余的内容则是每条理由的证明过程了。
托福写作解析第二步：综合写作听力部分
听力一般是对阅读进行反驳，因此，在听力的过程中，一定要注意讲话者的态度和观点，要抓准讲话者的反驳语气和反驳的内容，从而找到听力与阅读的反驳关系。而且听力的内容要尽可能地详尽，一般的话每个分论点的细节不会多于两个，但要注意的是听力提出的细节是阅读之前已经提到的并加以反驳的，还是讲话者提出的新论据。
具备一定听力技巧的同学都知道，听的过程中学会定位是至关重要的。而在我们综合写作中这一技能也是十分必须的。不论是停顿时间还是表示顺序的连接词，或是代表语义转换的语气词等都是一个不错的判断分段的标志。可是毕竟因为只有一遍的听力机会，所以有些停顿甚至是连词都未必能完全听到，因为事先毫无征兆。而这些必然会出现的关键词却不同，因为我们事先知道阅读对应段落的内容并且可以事先预测到了，所以其实最牢靠的定位方法还是利用每段中心句中的关键词来判断。
托福写作解析第三步：综合写作的写作部分
一般来讲，综合写作的结构分为四段式就足够了，开头一段，中间三段是三个分论点的论证;结尾段则不是必需的，考生在考试的时候完全可以略过。
开头段一定要讲明听力的主要观点，即中心思想，而且还要论证清楚听力与阅读的反驳对立的逻辑关系。
中间段的每段就是听力和阅读就每个分论点的反驳。考生可以先列清楚阅读的主要观点，然后再加上表示对比的连接词，如while，however，on the contrary之类，后面紧跟听力的主要观点，再之后就是对此观点详细论证的细节。
一般想得到一个好的分数，听力的细节应该尽可能地详尽和精确，但同时应该注意到不要整句地抄袭阅读和听力的原文，要进行相应程度地改写原文。
托福写作开头段高分写法思路解读
篇4：托福独立写作开头段写法
托福独立写作开头段4种优秀写法模板实例分析点评
1. 标准写法：直接表明立场开门见山
题目：
Businesses are as likely as are governments to establish large bureaucracies, but bureaucracy is far more damaging to a business than it is to a government.
模板：
Contrary to the statement’s premise, my view is that businesses are less likely than government to establish large bureaucracies, because businesses know that they are more vulnerable than government to damage resulting from bureaucratic inefficiencies. My position is well supported by common sense and by observation.
点评：
开门见山式的开头段写法其实是比较标准的一种写法，因为托福的独立写作从题目要求来说本质上就是一篇议论文，而且还是立论文，需要考生自己提出观点然后论述证明。那么在开头段就直接鲜明地亮出观点无疑是很合理的写法，对考官来说也能第一时间就看到你的观点，可以说是对读者比较友好的一种写法。比如上面的这个模板，就是第一句话直接写出了自己对题目的反对立场，并且最后给出了引出下面正式论述的引导句。这种开头段写法虽然不玩花样看似有点平淡甚至BORING，但对于不要求太多文笔更看重论述逻辑的议论文来说确实是比较高效的写法，也很适合新手考生进行模仿学习。
2. 创意写法：引用谚语名言联系现实
题目：
“As technologies and the demand for certain services change, many workers will lose their jobs. The responsibility for those people to adjust to such change should belong to the individual worker, not to government or to business.
模板：
As a saying goes, “God helps those help themselves”, which is true in most cases. But as far as the large numbers of laid-off workers caused by the technological and market changes are concerned, I believe the government and the business certainly have an unshakable responsibility to take.
点评：
这种写法就比较有创意了，当然大家在写中文作文时肯定也用过，就是开头就先引用个名人名言压一下场面，比如某某曾经说过。。。这样的写法。这种写法对考生的英语积累有一定要求，引用的谚语或者名言既要符合题目场景切题，考生也需要完整记住这句名言而不能自行修改甚至凭空捏造，无论是强行凑名言还是伪造的做法都只会让结果适得其反。当然这种写法能够一定程度上展现出考生的英语素养和积累，可以说是一种比较炫技的写法，大家如果在英语的言语名言方面有不错的积累可以考虑一下这种写法。
3. 稳妥写法：先复述原题再引出观点
题目：
”We shape our buildings and afterwards our buildings shape us.”
模板：
I believe this statement should be interpreted broadly—to mean that we are influenced by the exterior shape of buildings, as well as by the arrangement of multiple buildings and by a building’s various architectural and aesthetic elements. While I doubt that buildings determine our character or basic personality traits, I agree that they can greatly influence our attitudes, moods, and even life styles.
点评：
这种写法比起直接开门见山亮观点的写法来说可能更加稳妥一些，毕竟先简单复述题目再表达自己观点是托福官方指南OG中比较推荐的开头写法。而且无论考生对题目观点是否赞同，对题目复述之后进行适当的让步再亮出观点也是一种比较委婉的表述方式。当然这种写法需要注意不能引用太多原题，而且不能照搬需要用自己的话来适当改动一下。这其中的度大家需要把握好，否则反而会引起一些不必要的扣分。
4. 设问写法：自问自答给出立场态度
题目：
“As technologies and the demand for certain services change, many workers will lose their jobs. The responsibility for those people to adjust to such change should belong to the individual worker, not to government or to business.”
模板：
As technology and changing social needs render more and more jobs obsolete, who is responsible for helping displaced workers adjust? While individuals have primary responsibility for learning new skills and finding work, both industry and government have some obligation to provide them the means of doing so.
点评：
自问自答式的开头段写法在托福考试官方给出的范文类资料中是比较少见的。这种设问写法的作用也很明显，通过汇总其实也就是变相复述一下原题目，对其中比较尖锐的矛盾问题直接以提问的形式来引出之后自己的看法。这种写法其实是比较挑题目的，如果作文原题是那种有明显对立互斥观点，或者要求考生二选一的题目，那么用这种写法就比较适合了。而对于一些只要求考生给出自己的观点比较平淡一些的题目，这种写法可能就会给人强行挑事的感觉了。因此大家学习这种开头模板写法需要注意根据题目来选择使用。
总而言之，托福独立写作对开头段的要求比较高，考生需要写出优秀的开头段才能让自己的文章更有吸引力拿到更好的成绩。本文中提供的这4种写法模板，大家也可以尝试学习模仿一下，如果能够熟练掌握，应该会对大家的独立写作提分带来一定帮助。
托福写作模板:食物保存
Nowadays，food has become easier to prepare. Has this change improved the way people live? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
托福写作模板及范文参考：
Nowadays， wherever we turn our gaze， we can see different types of food that are easier to prepare. For instance， we can buy frozen foods in a supermarket and just prepare it in a couple of minutes， whereas before it could have taken us maybe hours to prepare this kind of meals. I would accept that this so-called improvement has changed our lives， but I believe that there are some drawbacks as well.
It is true that these kinds of food do not involve hard work to prepare， but food that is easy to prepare generally has some artificial ingredients mixed in it that makes it “easy-to-cook”. If we take time to read the ingredients， we would definitely come across words like preservatives or artificial flavorings. It was just a couple of days ago that I came across a newspaper article which stated that someone was poisoned because he ate this type of food. He was hospitalized for almost a month.
Not having to cook has also taken the fun out of cooking. Cooking is an art， but in today's world， this is no more true. People are so busy with their work that they just rely on this simple foods. The invention and production of this foods have made people lazy not only for cooking but also for a well family get-together. It was not like former times when families would sit together and eat freshly baked food. Instead， they are getting these artificial things with minimal nutrients in them.
Cooking in the yesteryears was much better than today's. People would spend more time in the kitchen， preparing the food in the way that they liked it. This brought families closer together and also contributed to the high quality and nutrition of the food. Granted， people are busier nowadays and do not have as much time as they did in the past， but I believe that people have forgotten the importance of healthy， fresh food and of the time a family spends together preparing the food. So， I would say that having food that is easy to prepare has had many disadvantages.
托福写作模板:在校学生打工
In some countries， teenagers have jobs while they are still students. Do you think this is a good idea? Support your opinion by using specific reasons and details.
托福写作范文参考:
I don't think it is a good idea for teenagers to have jobs while they are still students. It can interfere with their studies， it can disrupt their home life， and it takes away pan of their childhood that they can never replace.
Education today is very complex and difficult. In order to learn and get good grades， a student must work very hard and concentrate. This means attending classes from early in the morning until late afternoon， then doing research for projects， then going home and doing homework. It's a busy schedule for anyone. For someone trying to hold down a job， it's even harder. Students need all their energy for their studies. If they're working after class at night， they're going to be tired the next day. They won't be able to concentrate. This will have a negative impact on their learning， and eventually on their grades.
Having a job can also disrupt a teenager's home life. Families spend less and less time together. If a teenager has a job to go to after school， he won't be home for dinner. He won't be home after dinner， either， and may not get home until late at night. This means he doesn't have a lot of time to spend with his family. If he doesn't have a car， it can mean changes in his parents' schedules， too. They have to drive him to work and pick him up.
The main drawback of a teenager having a job while he's still a student is that he's missing out on the fun of being young. He has a whole lifetime in which he'll have to earn a living. This is the last free time he'll have. It's the last chance he'll have to hang out with friends and just enjoy himself.
Soon enough he'll have to worry about paying the rent and buying food.
Jobs bring money， but money isn't everything. A teenager with a job gives up too much. No one should spend all his time at work， and especially not a teenager.
托福
篇5：托福独立写作高分思路
在写一边倒的文章的时候，多数考生喜欢采用经典的五段式写法，即开头段、结尾段、中间三段三个分论点论证。这样的写法当然无可厚非，然而多数学生会碰到两个问题，一是我只能想到两个理由，第三个理由写不出来怎么办?二是我三个理由都写完了，但是字数不够300字怎么办?这样的情况，就需要我们的救命稻草”让步段“出场了。
什么是让步段写法?
让步段，顾名思义，就是退了一步的段落。例如，For further career success, is relate well to other people more important than studying hard at school? 选择了同意的立场，写完了三个同意的理由之后，可以再写一点让步段论述一下反方的观点，即在学校学习好也很重要。写让步段的好处有很多，一是上文提及的最实际的用途---凑字数，二是从行文逻辑看，写一段让步段也可以展现考生思维的严密性。只要时间允许，此种一举多得的做法为何不尝试呢?
托福独立写作让步段写法讲解
但是，让步段写作也需要遵循一定的原则。考生在写作时，应当按照三部曲进行：1)写出一个反方观点 2)进行一定程度的削弱 3)重申自己的观点。
1. 写出反方观点
这一步大多数同学都做得不错，但是在提出反方观点之前，可再加上一些连接词，例如admittedly, nevertheless等等。还拿之前拿到题目做例子，For further career success, is relate well to other people more important than studying hard at school? 总观点是同意，让步段写学习好也挺重要的。第一步引出反方观点时，应写：Admittedly, acquiring an excellent GPA is one significant proof of your ability, for ”study\" is one of the major tasks that students are supposed to fulfill in school.
2. 进行一定程度的削弱
这是大多数同学会忽略的一步。很多同学在写让步段的时候，喜欢跳过第二步，直接重申自己的观点，然而这样的写法会显得逻辑上牵强，行文也显得生硬。因此，在提出反方观点时要进行一定的削弱。例如在写完上文那句话之后，应加上：However, the outstanding scores only prove the intelligence of the student, while the EQ, largely reflected by how well you relate with others, plays an utmost significant role in the future career success.
3. 重申自己的观点
这一步非常重要，因为让步段的提出仅仅是小插曲，重要的还是自己的观点。切不可写了让步段，就忘了自己的立场，那样就是得不偿失了。因此，在写完上面两句话之后，需要再加上一句，therefore, I still hold the opinion that relate well with others is more important than acquiring high scores in school.
在让步段的写作当中，尤其需要注意两点：1是第二步的削弱过程，这样可使文章看起来不那么唐突，更为流畅。2是另外还需注意字数的控制，让步段切不可写得超过之前的论述段的长度，否则就有观点不明确的嫌疑了。
托福写作语料库积累：关于学校
托福写作语料库
学校的硬件设施 ：
gym :
活动类型：
哑铃do some dumbbell, 室内跑道 run on the indoor track, 在场地上打球 play some sport on the court, 水上运动do some aquatic activities, 邮箱运动如瑜伽、游泳、在跑步机上跑步aerobics like yoga, swimming, running on a treadmill
体育馆是个休闲娱乐的地方，是打发时间的首选;在这里可以做各种各样的运动(举以上的例子)。
A gym is the place where students can have fun and relax themselves, for many students it can be the first choices when it comes to how to spend their spare time. There are lots of fun activities you can do in the gym like, play some sports on the court, do some aerobics like yoga, swimming, and running on a treadmill，and stuff like that.
作用：保持体型Keep fit, 有趣 have fun,放松 relax，引导学生健康、活跃的生活方式 lead a healthy and active lifestyle
总之，很有必要建设一个体育馆。
In a nutshell, it is really important for a university to own a nice recreation center(gym 的同义词)，for it helps to promote a healthy, active lifestyle.
实验室laboratory ：
做实验conduct research, 把理论应用于实际apply theory in practice, 直观的理解概念understand concepts intuitively(直观的)，培养学生的创造力 develop students' creativity;
实验室是好学校的重要组成部分， 然后展开实验室的作用(即以上内容)。
Great labs are a big part of a good university, students can use the lab to apply theory into practice and conduct researches in their fields, moreover, by doing experiments students can understand the concepts better and develop their creativity.
一个学校的软实力 ：
名声reputation ：
学校的名声跟学生没有直接关系，我觉得没啥意义。
Reputation of a university has no direct impact on its students, and it is kind of meaningless.
教员faculty ：
跟audit class联系在一起;
听课是最好的了解一个学校的方式，因为教授的知识、教书技巧和方式代表着学校，而且上课中传递的价值观在很大程度上也是学校的价值观。
Auditing class is the best to know the university better, since faculty members are an indispensable part of the university. Their knowledge，teaching skills and even the way they teach the class represent the university. The values they uphold in the class are the ones that are cherished by the university.
地点location ：
就学校的地点可以参看之前的地点语料库：
比如大都市metropolis, 多文化的multicultural, 方便的convenient, 公共交通 public transportation, 商店shops, 酒吧和餐馆 bars and restaurant,充满活力 full of dynamics; 当然也可以跟social里面的broaden your horizon and enrich your experience结合在一起。
大学的大小size ：
“大”的好处 ：
多元化diverse student body, 俱乐部和社团lots of clubs and societies, 完备的设施well established facilities, 著名的教授lots of famous professors, 活动很多various activities;
个人而言, 我喜欢较大的大学，学生团体会比较多元, 国际学生很多，他们组织好多社会活动。
Personally, I would say I like to attend a big university. A big university tends to have a diverse student body, there might be lots of international students like me, and they organize all kinds of social activities.
还有较大的大学会有一流的设备如图书馆、体育馆和实验设施。
Also, a big university is likely to have very well established facilities like multi-functional libraries, recreation centers and research facilities. These are big parts of a colorful university life.
托福写作语料库积累：关于地点
托福写作语料库
世界著名海滩城市World famous coastal cities:
泰国皮皮岛：Phi Phi Island, Thailand
巴西里约热内卢：Rio de Janiero, Brazil
美国夏威夷、迈阿密：Hawaii, Miami USA
南非开普敦：Cape Town, South Africa
中国三亚：Sayan, China
海滩风景的词：
banana trees, palm trees(棕榈树), blossom(盛开的花), breeze, paradise(天堂)tropical, laid-back, sunshine, coconut,
必背句子：
里约热内卢是个好地方：
Rio de Janiero is definitely the city that I want to visit, and it's like a treasure. It is a laid-back coastal city with lots of palm trees, banana trees along the beach. I can enjoy the breeze and drinking the coconut with a straw and lying on the beach to appreciate the beauty of mother nature.
酒吧里面的鸡尾酒Exotic cocktails offer in local bar:
margarita(玛格丽塔), mojito(莫吉托), long island tea(长岛冰茶)
必背句子：
在海滩的酒吧喝起来：
One can never be disappointed with the exotic drinks offered in these fancy bars, like margarita, mojito, and even long island tea, which is my favorite.
饭店里的菜品nice food/ culinary delight offered in the restaurants:
海鲜seafood: salmon (三文鱼), tuna(金枪鱼), scallop(扇贝), clam(蛤);
意大利面类：spaghetti, pasta, lasagna,
当然还有：
taco, hamburger with bacon, beef patties, tomatoes, lettuce and cheese in it, ribs, steak, Chicago style pizza, cheese steaks, Buffalo chicken wings, Macaroni & cheese 等等
必背句子(串起来以上的食物造句)：
民以食为天：
Also, I can enjoy the culinary delight in these western style restaurants like salmon, American style hamburgers, spaghetti and stuff like that.
精品店的纪念品souvenir offered in the boutique:
jewelry, bracelet, necklace
海滩、海上活动activities：
surfing, scuba diving, snorkeling, tubing, wakeboarding, boating, jet skiing,
必背句子(穿起来以上的水上运动造句)：
不挑战一下水上运动不是好汉子：
The last thing you should miss out when visiting this nice and beautiful city is sea and water activities like snorkeling, wakeboarding and even jet skiing, which is the most exciting activity. You might get a little sun burnt but still worth it.
描述海滩必杀句子：
去热带城市度假：
I am a wimp(胆小鬼，用法很生动) and hate the cold，I would say I'd like to take my bathing suits and go to a warm place, a coast city like Sanya in the very south of China.
波澜壮阔的大海让我流连忘返：
The beach is breathtaking! There are fantastic views and the atmosphere is absolutely gorgeous! The coast is marvelous. The Sea is clear and picturesque.
食物和美景让我欲罢不能：
It has a grip on(控制) my sense of fun, adventure, love of food, and it is amazingly beautiful, and the people are awesome.
个性化描述一个地方非常安全：
It is also a very safe place. There are not many places in this world where a women can walk the streets alone in the middle of the night without fear.
描述一个国外小镇的特色：
The culture, language, food and people could be enormously fun and you can find many western style bars, restaurants and coffee shops virtually everywhere.
描述北京有人情味：
Beijing has a unique local culture and the people down there have a real appreciation for the things that make life worth living. People there are super nice, for example, they are very keen to help visitors out when they got lost somewhere.
中国历史文化遗迹：
北京：
Tiananmen Square, Forbidden City, Temple of Heaven, Summer Palace, the Great Wall, Lama Temple,
十三朝古都西安因兵马俑出名：
It had served as the nation's capital for 13 dynasties such as Western Zhou, Qin, Western Han and Tang for more than 1000 years. It is famous for its historical importance, and the city is best known for the terra cotta warriors.
形容大城市的词：
metropolitan, modern，international, multicultural, exciting, thrilling, fascinating, spectacular, dynamic=full of dynamics, energetic, diversified, charming, hustle-bustle, hurly – burly, eventful, overcrowded
例句：
喜欢大城市的喧嚣：
I would like to study in a metropolitan city like Beijing or New York, cuz a city like is very thrilling and multi-cultural, and it's great fun to live in. You can explore its hustle bustle by going to shopping malls, restaurants, bars and even museums.
托福写作语料库积累：关于书籍电影音乐
托福写作语料库
关于music的类型Type/genre： rock & roll, R&B, reggae, country, Jazz, electronic, folklore(民谣), classical music;
伟大音乐家的名字Great Musicians：Beethoven, Bach, Mozart
流行音乐人Pop singers: Eminem, Beyonce, Jay Z. Taylor Swift, Bruno Mars, Rihana.
电影的类型Types of movies：thriller(惊悚片), suspense(悬疑片), comedy, action, documentary, science fiction, romance(爱情片), Animation(动画片), horror (恐怖片)
有名的电影导演Director(后面附有该导演的著名电影名字):
Peter Jackson: Return of the King
Steven Speilberg: Jurassic Park (侏罗纪公园)
James Cameron: Avatar(阿凡达), Titanic
Christopher Nolan: the Batman, the Dark Night;
著名演员Actors and actresses: Jackie Chen, Bruce Lee, Brad Pitt, Angelina Julie, Leonardo DiCaprio
就电影、音乐和书籍的作用和效果而言，小编总结了一下几个共同特点;所以当考生看到任何跟电影、音乐和书籍有关的题目时都可以巧妙的应用以下理由。
缓解压力: ease/release + my pressure/stress/tension/depression from both my life and study;
让生活和学习变得更有效率、充实：improve /enhance/ increase + learning/study efficiency/productivity of the day;
精神焕发：refresh myself, revitalize/revive my mood;
激起情感和想象力：bring about different kinds of emotions; stir/stimulate my imagination; (注解：听音乐、看悬疑电影的时候)
句子：
小说、电影的线索很迷人：
The storyline/plot is very attractive/engaging/intriguing;
看电影、读小说的时候身临其境忘乎所以：
When I read this masterpiece/watch this movie, I find time irrelevant and I totally forget about the time. I tune everything out around me and am so attracted in the storyline and I feel tied up to the character in the novel/movie.
没有什么可以阻止我看完这部小说或电影：
I feel like the characters in the novel/movie connect to me so much that nothing could hold me back from reading/watching it until I finish the novel/movie.
托福独立写作高分思路分享
篇6：托福独立写作中间段论证写法思路实例讲解
很多同学都很头疼独立写作的中间到底写点什么，小编也经常听到学生抱怨：那些范文的作者怎么有那么多有的没的可以扯，我就是想不出那么多话那么多内容往文章里搬啊。面对这样的问题，小编一开始也很困惑应该怎样去帮助他们，因为这是确实存在的一个事实，暂且不谈英文，即便是说中文，也有一些人是能“扯”的，有一些人是“不能扯”的。后来小编发现，“能不能扯”在方向上来说就已经错了，或者说已经偏了，偏离了简单写作的轨道。原因在于，内容是无止尽的，非要一个高中生脑子里装很多内容素材也确实强人所难。即便经历了长期的准备积累，在考场上要把这些信息想到，再敲到文章里也是很耗费时间的，所以说关于论证细节，如果从内容下手进行思考，反而会让写作看起来更复杂。那么，托福考试中的简单写作到底是什么呢?那就是考生一定听说过的“论证方法”。大部分考生对这个词不陌生，知道主体段需要运用各种论证方法进行支持。在此，小编想强调的是，考生大可不必从内容上去思考写点什么，而是直接可以从论证方法入手，因为论证方法是有止尽的，最常用的也是最好用的论证方法包括因果论证(分析原因、说明结果)、举例论证、引证以及对比论证。我们随便看几个范文段落就可以发现，文章段落中的每一句话都是有存在的目的的，所谓目的就是论证的方法。
论证方法实例分析1
例如：
1. Firstly,the wide application of the Internet dramatically boosts the convenience and efficiency of acquiring knowledge for people.(中心句)2.In the times without the Internet,the main way to be well-educated was attending schools.3.But the scarcity of educational resources enabled only a few elites to do it.4.Thanks to the Internet technology,the knowledge gets across among people regardless of time and space.5.For example,Khan Academy,an innovative online educational company,offers high-quality and free-of-charge cramming courses involving mathematics,physics and other high school subjects.6.Another renowned program called “Coursera” cooperates with top universities and puts online real lectures of top-notch professors for people to learn from at no cost.
整个段落一共6句话，第一句话是中心句，第二句到第四句是对比论证(没有网络的时候VS有了网络的时候)，第五句和第六句是两个例子。
论证方法实例分析2
再如：
1.In the first place,job satisfaction is becoming increasingly important in contemporary society.2.Due to the fierce competition and social pressure,whether workers can attain satisfaction in their positions determines how hardly they work,which also determines how many profits the company will get.3.My brother can be cited as a good example.4.At first,he worked in an international company which cared nothing for its employees but profits.5.He was forced to work for extra hours without extra salary in regular working time, which generated extreme tiredness and dissatisfaction.6.As a result,he soon changed the job into a more satisfying one which has more vacation,better working environment and more friendly relationships between colleagues.7.Now,my brother enjoys his job which creates great job satisfaction for him and works more assiduously.
整个段落一共7句话，第一句仍然是中心句，第二句用的是因果论证，第三句开始举了具体的个人例子。
因此，当中心句写完之后，到底写点什么来支撑一个段落的字数，考生可以从论证方法这个概念去思考。例如Body 1中心句之后可以先用因果论证，带一下原因，再将结果层层递进写几句话，结束之后字数肯定不够，那就想一下还有一种论证方法叫举例论证，能不能编一个例子出来。同理，Body 2还是先写中心句，接下来写一句因果，写一句对比(正反假设)，最后再来一组例子。简而言之，我们在思考的时候从论证方法出发，但是呈献给考官看的还是内容。论证方法只是便于我们快速想到写的内容的方向，总比绞尽脑汁直接想内容要简单得多。
如何让段落逻辑清晰?
在了解了怎样以最快速度想出理由段写点什么内容之后，还需要注意的一个问题是，有些人能“条理清晰地扯”，有些人“扯出了一团浆糊”。那么怎样才能让考官看着觉得这个段落逻辑清晰呢?笔者在看了很多官方范文及学生的高分文章后，发现了一个规律，好的文章段落有一个共同的逻辑层次，即由抽象到具体，上文两个段落的层次安排也是按照这样来进行的，中心句结束后进行解释，最后搬上例子。这样看来，文章理由段的写法也非常简单，按照上面的安排操作即可，根据论证方法配以具体的内容，一个段落就能轻松完成了。在此要强调的是，新托福作文中，主体段的例子是非常重要的，考生应该做到每一个段落都要有例子支持，当然并不一定是具体某个人的例子，可以是引用的研究结果，也可以使用排比的句式写出一组列举的例子。
托福语料：CGTN主播刘欣和Fox主播Trish辩论原文
Regan：Xin welcome, it’s good to have you here.
刘欣你好，很高兴你能来。
Have sb 表示邀请
比如我们去别人家吃饭，告辞的时候可以说声 thanks for having me here表示谢谢你邀请我来。
Xin：Unprecedented opportunity to speak to you and to speak to audiences in the ordinary houses in the US.
Unprecedented：adj. 前所未有的
? that has never happened, been done or been known before
? 前所未有的;空前的;没有先例的:
I have to get it straight, I am not a member of CPC.
Get sth straight, 把……说清楚 一般用来更正，或者澄清可能产生的误解
在口语里可以说let me get it straight… I’m not saying….
This is on the record, please don’t assume that I am a member. I don’t speak for the CPC and I’m here today I’m only speaking for myself as Liu Xin a journalist working for CGTN. So if anybody wants to quote me, please put my name there at least.
On the record:记录在案;公开发布
一般采访的时候，如果希望自己匿名，可以说off the record.
能和你交谈，和美国普通家庭中的观众交谈，这是一个前所未有的机会。我必须澄清，我并不是中国共产党。
我把话说明白，请不要假定我是党员。我并不为共产党发言，今天在这里我是作为CGTN的记者代表我自己发言。所以，如果有人想引用我的话，至少请把我的名字放在这里。
(刘欣直接表明自己身份，强调自己是个人身份，回击了对方对身份和立场攻击)
Regan：Ok appreciate it. Give your current assessment of where we are on these trade talks. Do you believe a deal is possible?
好的，谢谢你。以你目前对贸易谈判的评估，告诉我们你对贸易谈判进展的判断吧。你相信会达成协议吗?
非常好的口语表达，不是字面意思我们在哪里，而是表示一种现状, 或者处境。
Xin：It is true that the satellite connection is not very good, but I believe you are asking me where we are in terms of the trade negotiations. I don’t know. I don’t have any insider information. I knew that talks were not very successful last time when they were going on in the United States, and now I know both sides are considering what to go next. But I think the Chinese government has made its position very clear that the US treated the Chinese government, treated the Chinese negotiation team with respect and show the willingness to talk without using outside pressure. There is high possibility that there could be a productive trade deal. Otherwise we might be facing a prolonged period of problems for both sides.
productive:高产的
Someone or something that is productive produces or does a lot for the amount of resources used.
? Training makes workers highly productive...
培训提高了工人们的生产力。
prolonged :持续很久的;时间长的
A prolonged event or situation continues for a long time, or for longer than expected.
【搭配模式】：usu ADJ n
? ...a prolonged period of low interest rates.
长期的低利率
卫星信号的确不是很好哈。但是如果你问我，当前我们贸易谈判的进程如何，我并不知道。我并没有任何内部消息。我知道上一次在美国的谈判不是很顺利，现在我知道双方都在考虑接下来怎么办。但是我认为，中国政府已经摆出了明确的立场：只要美国尊重中国政府、中方谈判团队，展现出不施加外部压力来交流的意愿，我们就很有可能达成富有成效的贸易协议。否则，我们双方可能都会面临旷日持久的问题时期。
Regan: I would stress that trade wars are never good. They are not good for anyone. So I wanna believe Xin I wanna believe that something can get done. And this is certainly a challenging time. I realize there are a lot of rhetorics out there. But let me term one of the issues. That’s IP rights…You fundamentally… I think we can all agree that it’s right to take something that’s not yours. And in going through some of these cases, cases of the independent WTO that China is a member of as well as the DOJ, the FBI cases, you can actually see some of them are on the screen right now. There is evidence that China has stolen an enormous amount of IP, hundreds of billions of dollars worth. But truly, I think we shouldn't care hundreds of billions of dollars are just 50 cents. How do American businesses operate in China if there are risks of having their ideas or intellectual properties stolen?
rhetorics: 华丽的词藻;浮夸之词
If you refer to speech or writing as rhetoric, you disapprove of it because it is intended to convince and impress people but may not be sincere or honest.
【语用信息】：disapproval
? What is required is immediate action, not rhetoric...
需要的是立刻采取行动，而不是说些华而不实的空话。
我想强调，贸易战绝不是好事儿，对任何人都不好。所以我愿意相信，我愿意相信能做成一些事情。这无疑是一个极具挑战的时代。我意识到形形色色的话术。但是，让我来聊其中一个问题吧。那就是知识产权……你基本上……我想我们都同意，拿不是你的东西是不对的。在浏览某些此类案件的过程中，中国也是成员之一的WTO、DOJ和FBI的案件，你现在可以真切地在屏幕上看到它们。有证据表明，中国盗窃了大量的IP，价值数万亿美元。但认真的，我认为我们不该把数万亿美元当做50美分。如果有让他们的想法或知识产权遭到盗窃的风险?
Xin: Well, I think Trish you should ask American businesses whether they want to come to China, whether they find coming to China and cooperating with Chinese businesses has been profitable or not. They will tell you their answers, as far as I understand, many American companies have been established in China very profitable. The great majority of them, I believe, plan to continue to invest in China and explore the Chinese market. Well now US president Donald Trump’s tariffs make it a little bit difficult, make the future a little bit uncertain. I don not deny that there are IP infringement or copyright issues or there are piracy or even theft of commercial secrets. I think this is something to be dealt with. I think the Chinese government, the Chinese people and me as an individual, I think there is a consensus because without the protection of IP right nobody, no country, no individual can be stronger, can develop itself. I think that is a very clear consensus among the Chinese society. And of course there are cases where individuals where companies just go and steal, and that’s a common practice probably in every part of the world. There are companies in the United States who sue each other all the time for infringement on IP rights. You can’t say simply because these cases are happening, America is stealing or China is stealing or the Chinese people are stealing. And basically that’s the reason why I wrote that rebuttal because I think this kind of blanket statement is really not helpful, really not helpful.
blanket statement： 含糊的，一锅端的观点
blanket表示毯子，这里面引申为overall的意思，就是以偏概全的意思。
例句：This is often a blanket statement that many people use when they don't understand or can't explain something easily.
这常常是一句空洞的话，当不理解或者不能轻易解释某些事物的时候，很多人使用这句话。
我认为你应该去问问美国公司，看看他们愿不愿意来中国，看看他们觉得到中国来、和中国公司合作是不是有利可图。他们会给你答案的。就我所知，许多美国公司在中国发展得非常好，盈利非常可观。我相信，他们中的绝大多数都打算继续在中国投资，开发中国市场。好吧，现在美国总统特朗普的关税把事情弄得有点儿麻烦了，把未来弄得有点儿不确定了。
我不否认的确存在知识产权侵犯问题、版权问题、隐私问题乃至商业机密盗窃问题。我认为这是有待于解决的事情。中国政府、中国人民以及我作为个体都有这样一个共识，因为如果没有IP保护，没有国家或个人可以独善其身。这在中国社会是一个显而易见的共识。当然也有个体或公司进行偷窃的案例，这样的情况或许在世界各地都很常见。许多美国的公司也一直在控诉彼此侵犯知识产权。你不能因为这样的案例在发生，就说美国人就在盗窃，或者中国人在盗窃。基本上这就是我写下那段反驳的原因，因为我认为，这种含糊片面的言论真的毫无益处，真的毫无益处。
Regan: It’s not just a statement. It’s multiple reports including evident from the WTO. Let me ask you about Huawei. That’s in the headlines right now. (Sure. I don't deny those.) As I said, we can all agree, if you do business with someone, it has to be based on trust. and you don’t want anyone stealing your valuable information you spent decades working on. Anyway China passed a law in requiring tech companies to work with the military and the government. It’s not just individual companies right? They might be getting access to these technologies as the government itself, which is an interesting nuance. But I get that China is upset that Huawei has not been welcome to the US market totally. So let me just ask you this, it’s an interesting way to think about it. What if we said, you know, sure, Huawei, come on in, but here’s the deal you must share all the technological advances that you’ve been working on. You get to share with us. Would that be ok?
nuance:noun [C, U] 细微差别
? a very slight difference in meaning, sound, colour or sb's feelings that is not usually very obvious
?He watched her face intently to catch every nuance of expression.
他认真地注视着她的脸,捕捉每一丝细微的表情变化。
这不仅仅是一段言论。这是许多份报告，其中包括了来自WTO的证据。让我问问你华为的事儿吧。毕竟这是现在的头条热点。(当然，我不否认。)如我所说，我们都同意，如果你要和一个人做生意，那一定是建立在信任之上的，你不希望别人来偷窃你花费了几十年心血的宝贵信息。无论如何，中国通过了一条法律，要求科技公司与军方和政府合作。不仅仅是独立的公司对吧?政府本身也可能接触到这些技术，这是一个很有趣的细微差别。但我了解到，华为在美国市场完全不受欢迎，这事儿让中方很沮丧。所以我想问问你，用这种方式来想很有意思。如果我们说，华为，进来吧，但条件是你们必须把正在研究的所有先进技术都拿来共享。你们必须和我们分享。这样可以吗?
Xin: I think if it is through cooperation, if it is through mutual learning, if you pay for the use of this IP or high technology, absolutely fine. Why not? We all prosper because we learn from each other. I learn English because I had American teachers. I learn English because I had American friends. Still I’m learning journalism because I have American copy editors. I think that is fine as long as it is not illegal. Everybody should do that. That’s how we get better right?
我认为如果是通过合作，如果是通过互相学习，如果你愿意花钱来使用我们的知识产权或高新技术，绝对可以的。为什么不呢?我们都会繁荣发展，因为我们互相学习。我学英语，因为我有美国老师。我学英语，因为我有美国朋友。不仅如此，我学新闻，因为我有美国的文案编辑。我觉得那是可以的，只要不违反法律。每个人都应该那样做。我们就是那样变得更好的，不是吗?
Regan：But you mention something very important, which is that you should pay for the acquisition of that. You know, look, I think that the liberalized economic world in which we live and have valued intellectual property and it’s governed by a set of laws, and so you need kind of to play by the rules and play by those laws for going to have that kind of trust between each other. But I think you bring up some good points. Let me turn to China right now, which is now…wow…the second largest economy. At what point will China abandon its developing nation status or stop borrowing from the World Bank.
但你提到了一件非常重要的事情，那就是：你应该花钱来买知识产权。你知道的，听着，我认为我们生活在一个自由化的经济世界之中，当今世界很重视知识产权，这个问题受到一系列法律的管束，所以你必须按照规则和法律来玩这场游戏，才能建立起彼此之间的信任。但我认为，你提到了一些很好的观点。让我聊回中国，中国现在……哇哦，第二大经济体。到什么时候，中国才会放弃发展中国家的身份，停止向世界银行借钱呢?
Xin： Well I think discussion is going on and I have heard a very live discussion about it. Indeed, there are people talking about China already big, why don’t you just grow up? I think we want to grow up, we don’t wanna be dwarf and underdeveloped all the time. But it depends on how you define developing country, right?
If you look at the overall size of the Chinese economy, yes we are very big. But don't forget we have 1.4 billion people, that is over three times population of the United States. But when it comes down to per capita GDP, we are less than 1/6 of that of the United States and even less than some other more developed countries.
It’s a very complicated issue, because as I said it’s very small, but overall it’s very big.
We can do a lot of big things, and people are looking upon us to do a lot more around the world.
So I think we are doing that, we’re contributing to the United Nations, we’re the world’s biggest contributor to the UN peace keeping commissions, we’re giving out donations and humanitarian aids. Because we know we have to grow up and Trish, thank you for the reminder.
好的，我认为讨论正在进行中，我已经听到了关于这个话题的非常生动的讨论。事实上，有很多人说中国已经很大了，你们为什么就不能成长起来呢?我认为我们也想要成长，我们也不想一直低人一等、不够发达。但是这要取决于你如何定义发展中国家，对吗?
从如果你观察中国经济的整体规模，那么没错，我们体量很大。但不要忘了，我们还有14亿人民，是美国人口的三倍。但是，由人均GDP来看，我们还不到美国的1/6，跟其他更发达的国家比起来就更少了。
这是一个非常复杂的问题，因为我说了中国的人均GDP很低，但总体经济规模非常大。
我们可以做成很多伟大的事情，人民期待我们在世界各地做更多的事情。
所以我认为我们正在这要做，我们正在为联合国做贡献，我们是世界上为联合国维和任务贡献最多的国家，我们积极捐款，参与人道主义援助。因为我们知道我们必须“长大”，也谢谢你的提醒。
Regan: Let’s get to the tariffs, I’ve seen some of your commentaries too, and Xin I appreciated it you think China could lower some of it’s tariffs. I watch to see that and I totally agree with you. In , the average tariff charged on the American goods in China was 9.9%, and that was nearly three times what the US was charging, so what do you say about this?
让我们来聊聊关税。我也看过了一些你的评论，我很感谢你认为中国应该降低关税。我拭目以待，而且完全同意你的观点。，中国对美国商品征收的平均关税是9.9%，差不多是美国所征收的三倍。你怎么看待这个问题?
Xin: I think that would be a wonderful idea, I mean don’t you think? I mean for American consumers, products from China will be even cheaper, and for consumers in China, products from US will be so much cheaper too. I think that will be wonderful idea.
You talked about rule-based order, this is the thing, if you want to change the rules, it has to be done in mutual consensus, basically, if you talk about tariffs, it is not only about China and US, I understand, if you lower tariffs just between China and the Unites States, the Europeans will come, the Japanese will come, the Venezuelans will probably come and say, hey, we want the same tariff. But you can’t discriminate between countries, so it’s a very complicated settlement to reach.
When the world agreed on the tariff reduction China should commit to……was exactly the result of years of difficult negotiations of the United States saw in its interests and decided to what degree they can agree, or to what degree they can lower their tariff, and China agreed to, although in some difficulties, lower our tariff considerably, it is all the decisions of countries according to their own self interests, now things are different.
20 years later, what are we going to do? Maybe these old rules need to be changed. Let’s talk about it, let’s do it according to the rules. If you don’t like the rules, let’s change the rules, but again, it must be a multilateral decision.
我认为这是个很好的主意，你不觉得吗?我的意思是，对于美国消费者而言，来自中国的商品会更便宜了，而对于中国的消费者而言，来自美国的商品也会便宜得多。我认为这会是个很棒的主意。
你谈到了基于规则的系统，基于规则的秩序，这就是问题所在。如果你想要改变规则，那必须是建立在双向共识之上。从基本上说，如果你要谈关税，那就不仅仅是中国和美国之间的问题。我明白，如果你只降低中美之间的关税，那么欧洲国家会跑过来，日本会跑过来，委内瑞拉或许也会跑过来，然后说：喂，我们也想要一样的关税。你不能区别对待不同的国家，所以这是一个非常复杂、难以解决的问题。
全球各国也是经过了艰难的协商才决定关税降低的幅度。期间美国也是根据自己的利益，决定在多大程度上同意或者在多大程度上决定他们可以做些什么。尽管中国面临一些困难，但依然同意大幅降低关税，这本来就是各国根据自己的利益所做的决定。现在，事情不一样了。
后，我们应该怎么做?或许旧有的规则需要改变。让我们坐下来沟通、根据规则行事。如果你不喜欢现在的规则，那让我们来改变规则。但我需要再重申一遍，这必须是一个多边的决定。
Regan: You go back the trade view of 1974 Section 3, I wonder. There was a rule that enable U.S to use tariffs trying to influence behavior of China should have been taken in stealing our intellectual property. And I think in some ways that is part of what come in for human’s sense of trust. I hear you on the force technology transfer. And I think that some of the American companies perhaps admit it is a mistake in terms of being willing to overlook what they might have to give up in the new turn. But this is an issue where the country as a whole needs to step in and we’re seeing the United States do that perhaps in a way that hasn’t happened. I mean it’s been in a background. Don’t get me wrong. I think previous administration have Identify the challenges but have really been a little bit unwilling to take on. We’re living in this very different times. How do you define state capitalism? No, force technology is part of it……. Hang on one second, Xin, I wanna say that I think your economic analysis is very interesting because you know you’ve had a capital-assistant but it’s state-run. So, talk us about that. How do you define?
我想，你说的是1974年贸易法案的301条款。有这样一条规则让美国运用关税来试图影响中国的行为，在中国盗窃我们的知识产权时本应该运用这样的规则。我认为在某些方面，这是由人类信任感而来。我听到了你关于第四次技术转移的言论。 我认为，有的美国公司可能会承认，忽略他们可能要在新的转折中放弃的东西是一个错误。
这是一个需要国家整体介入的问题，通过已经发生的事情，我们看到美国就在这样做。我的意思是，这是有大的背景的。一位医生诊断出了挑战，但又不是很愿意接受挑战。我们生活在这样一个不一样的时代里。你如何定义国家资本主义?
Xin： Well, we’d like to define the socialism with Chinese characteristics where the market forces are expected to play the dominating or the deciding role in the allocation of resources. Basically, we wanna be a market economy, but there are some Chinese characteristics. For instance, some state-owned enterprises which are playing an important but increasingly smaller role in the economy. Everybody thinks that china’s economy is state-owned.
写作金句分析
这句话包含了三个很重要的表达：
1.有中国特色的社会主义 :the socialism with Chinese characteristics
2. 市场发挥主导作用 ：market forces are expected to play the dominating or the deciding role
3. 资源配置：the allocation of resources or allocate resources
Maybe in the economy and everybody thinks that china’s economy is state-owned. Everything is state-controlled everything is state state state. But I let me tell you it is not the true picture if you look at the statistics for instance 80% of Chinese employees were employed by private enterprise. 80% of Chinese exports were done by private companies, were produced by private companies. About 65% of technological innovation were achieved were carried out by private enterprises.the largest, some of the largest companies that affect our life for instance some internet companies some 5G technology companies, they are private companies, so we are yes socialist economy with Chinese characteristics but it’s you know that not everything state controlled, state-run it’s not like that. We are actually quite mixed and dynamic and actually very very open as well.
事情不是这样的：
it is not the true picture
picture表示情况，比如look at the big picture 看大局
你不了解情况：you are missing the picture here
你了解…的真实情况么?do you have the real picture of….
好的，我们愿意将其定义为有中国特色的社会主义，在资源配置方面由市场力量起主导性或决定性的作用。基本上，我们想成为市场经济，但还要有一些中国特色。比如说，有的国有企业正扮演着重要的角色，但它们在市场上的作用会越来越小，但所有人都认为，中国的经济是国营主导的。所有的东西都是国家控制的，所有的事情都是国家、国家、国家。但是我要告诉你，真实情况不是这样的。你不妨看看数据，80%的中国上班族在私企上班，80%的出口都是来自私企，这些商品也是由私企生产的。将近65%的科技创新都是由私企来实现、来完成的。许多影响着我们生活的顶级公司，比如互联网公司、5G技术公司，它们都是私企。所以没错，我们是有中国特色的社会主义经济，但是你得知道，并不是一切都是由国家控制、国家经营的，情况不是那样的。我们其实非常多元，非常有活力，也非常非常开放。
Regan： Well I think you need to probably keep being open and that you know as a free trade person as myself. I think that’s the direction to pursue. And ultimately that leads to greater economic prosperity for you and better economic prosperity for us. And so let me get a win-win.
作为一个支持自由贸易的人，我认为你或许应该保持这种开放的心态，这是值得努力的方向。如此一来，不管是中国还是美国的经济都将蓬勃发展，所以让我们互惠双赢吧。
Xin：Absolutely.
没问题。
Regan： This was interesting. I appreciate you’ve been here. Thank you.
很有意思，感谢你来。谢谢。
Xin： Thank you so much. If you wanna have a discussion in the future we can do that. If you wanna come to China…
非常谢谢。如果你想来中国来讨论
Regan：I’d love it
我很愿意
Xin: You are welcome. And I’ll take you around
我会带你到处转转
Regan： Thank you.
谢谢
篇7：托福独立写作开头段写法要点
托福独立写作开头段写不好的问题比较普遍，之所以会存在这种问题，主要是由这些原因造成的。首先，在独立写作的写作框架中，一般都包括开头段、中间段和结尾段三大段落结构的划分。而从考试时间分配的角度来看，审题到完成70至90字左右的开头段，往往都建议把时间控制在5分钟以内，以便留出更为充分的时间进行中间段、结尾段的写作及最后检查。加上开头段看似简单、好操作的特点，很容易让许多考生忽略对开头段的练习和总结;或者是匆匆下笔;当然其中也存在一些学生看到独立写作题目后不知道如何下笔，导致后半部分时间没把握好、完成不佳的情况。那么综合以上的几种可能性的情况，我们该如何快速写好开头呢?
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