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托福听力高频句式

时间：2024年08月09日

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下面是小编整理的托福听力高频句式，本文共9篇，欢迎大家阅读借鉴，并有积极分享。本文原稿由网友“jannet”提供。

篇1：托福听力高频句式

托福听力高频句式语料素材整理分享熟悉这些句型有助快速理解

托福听力常见简单句汇总一览

1. Mrs. Jones is out of coffee.

琼斯夫人的咖啡用完了。

2. The question is too important to forget.

这个问题太重要了不能忘记。

3. The woman wanted to keep her accident quiet.

这位妇女想对她的事故守口如瓶。

4. I’m going to do away with these clothes.

我准备把这些衣服处理掉。

125. In order to cash a check at many banks, one must show a valid driver’s license with this photograph on it.

5. The teacher called off the test completely.

老师彻底取消了考试。

6. When I told Mike the news, he blew up.

当我告诉麦克这个消息时，他大发雷霆。

7. The sole survivor of the plane crash was Mary Peters.

飞机失事事件中的唯一幸存者是马利.彼得斯。

8. The company turned down Bill’s offer.

公司拒绝了比尔的建议。

9. Mr. Black makes a living repairing sinks.

布莱克先生以修理下水道为生。

10. Mary’s suggestion to the teacher was out of the question.

马利向老师提出的建议是不可能被接受的。

11. One way to avoid being robbed is not to advertise your money in a public place like a bank or a store.

一种避免遭抢劫的办法是不要在公共场所如银行或商店显露你的钱。

12. Williams read ten short stories and a couple of novels during his freshmen English course.

在学习一年级英语课程中，威廉读了十个短篇故事和两三本小说。

13. If your plane leaves at eight, you must arrive 30 minutes ahead of time to check in at the ticket counter.

如果你的飞机八点起飞，你必须提前半小时到达办理登机手续。

14. On their trip to New York, John and Bill took turns driving.

在去纽约的途中，约翰和比尔轮换着开车。

15. The test was difficult, to say the least.

至少可以说，考试很难。

16. The truck is practically as cheap as the van.

卡车几乎与货车一样便宜。

17. Our children are hard on furniture.

我们的孩子对家具很挑剔。

18. Bill outdoes his brother John in math.

比尔在数学上超过他哥哥约翰。

19. My rent is due on the first of the month, but I rarely pay my other bills until the 15th.

我的房租定于每个月的第一天交，但我很少在15号之前付其他帐单。

怎样听出托福听力的文章结构

托福听力对于段子题目，特别是PART C，我们听的时候主要是听文章的结构。这样才能把刚听到过的零散信息进行有效的重组，对整篇文章做到心中有数。下面小编带大家看一下怎样能轻松听出文章结构。

PART C部分，也叫TAKL部分。通常是老师讲课(上课或者其他内容)，学生做报告等。而决定了内容上是文科专业或者理科专业体裁居多，而学生生活方面的偏少，或者可以说基本没有。而大家知道，美国人是很讲逻辑性的，不管是说话，还是写文章。而ETS在出题上更继承了这一特点。它们都有很强的结构性。阅读是这样，而听力同样如此。

对于听力文章(文理科专业段子)的结构，大家也许比较熟悉了。不过是：一般分3段，第一段点题，也就是提出问题;第二段讨论，也就是展开问题的各分点。第三段结轮，也就是经过讨论后下结论。第一、三部分都比较好说，一头一尾嘛，容易把握。而主要的主要针对的是文章的讨论部分，它会分几点来叙述将要说明的事情，而这几点又是由某些顺序来组织的：

我们认为通常有3类：

1. 时间顺序。在叙说一个事物史的发展的时候，通常是采取时间渐进的方式来叙述。先怎么样，再怎么样，最后怎么样。

2. 空间顺序。在介绍一个事物的时候，也会采用空间移动的顺序。里面怎么样，外面怎么样，前面怎么样，后面怎么样，上面怎么样，下面怎么样。

3. 好坏顺序。在介绍新产品的时候，往往会先说它的几个优点，然后再说它缺点。在介绍某种现象的时候，也会先说它带来的好处，再说它的坏处。

注意：对于分类，也许还不太完善。也许不太合理，也许还有其他的遗漏。而且有的时候，文章通常会是两种顺序交叉或者交替进行。其实不管怎么样分，听的过程中主要是听清分点和结构，提供的这些顺序，只是帮助大家记忆的。

我们在听文章的时候就得抓住如上重点，听完后得知道文章说了哪几点，是采取什么顺序来组织的。

当听出文章的结构来后，我们自然能把握好文章的主题，这样TOPIC题和尾巴题就不在话下了，而对于做细节题，也同样非常有帮助的。因为大家知道，TOEFL是顺序出题的，了解了结构，对于第几题对应那个段，自然是非常清楚。

以上就是总结出的托福听力中怎样听文章的结构。当然，做好听结构的工作，需要大家多多练习，了解清楚常出现的几种文章结构，加以总结归纳。熟悉套路后，听起来就更加得心应手。最后祝大家考试顺利!

怎样抓取住托福听力的考点

⑴ 一种美国人的文化，在听力中多见。如，比赛一输要放弃了，第二人劝;课程太难坚持不住要quit了，第二人劝;小说人物复杂不想读了，第二人劝;减肥坚持不住，第二人劝等等。

⑵ 弘扬bright sides，听力中的美国学生永远是学习，有任何事情与之冲突都要放弃其它而学习;这么多年考试中，偶有一次例外，当然发生在男生身上，一女生邀他玩，他来了一句：“The book can wait”丢人的话来。除此之外，别无例外。比如：在第一人话中出现娱乐项目，而第二人话中出现学习类项目，可想而知下文是什么了。

⑶又是一个美国文化，区别与我们的文化对待。Thinking in American way

⑷见人有衣无衣都great;有头发无头发都great;体形好不好都great，所以理解后用于生活中，有美国人说：“Your English is good。”千万别自喜，因为他们的文化就是这个。

⑸first thing first,用于抓态度，绕难点解题。

⑹ ①学生生活中，困难是常有的，而互相帮助又是听力中传播的温情，别管事实怎样，解题用它。但车和钱很少外借，他可以载你去，但不会借你车。

②听力中的建议一定是考点，把所有的建议句式(干)背过，听觉上，一听见有建议，必抓之解题。而建议他人的四类是：时间、地点、人物、动作，在建议题型中会总结。

⑺ ①强调学生的high taste：吃饭去意/法餐馆;用香水;用天然的化装品;听音乐会;拒绝电视、电影。

②提到音乐会一定去看;音乐会票一定难买;音乐会一定人山人海(过道都是人);音乐会的赞美无与伦比(out of this world)。

⑻是解听力题一个永久的暗线。没钱等sale;买到sale极高兴;家具用二手;打工来挣钱;物价一涨就抱怨;租房屋子简布置;一定是小破房等等。

⑼出题基调，展示留学生生活的美好。

⑽一种常考的思维，常见的美国人讲话方式。

⑾ ①一种思维方式，值得我们在用词方面学习。比如，我们说贵very very expensive,土人们形象化cost a fortune来表达。

②在理解记忆习语及临场解决习语时运用。

⑿ 听力的至高境界，从一词一词听→一词组一词组听→一句话一句话听→一意群一意群听→一调子一调子听。闭上眼，只有调子在脑中乱飞去解题。以调子、重读、语气小词来把握。详见语气题型。

托福听力中的话题分类有哪些

1、转学，入学transfer/enroll

要带的东西有：申请材料(admission application=application material)，主要包括简历(resume)(要注意读音)、成绩单(transcript)(GPA=Grade Point Average)、推荐信(RL=Recommendation Letter)、自我陈述(PS=Personal Statement)和操行评定(evaluation)(这个不强求)。

2、scholarship奖学金

申请奖学金(Apply for financial aid=scholarship)的前提条件是成绩单，即grade report或者transcript，前者是学生的说法，而后者是教授的说法。

3、寝室dormitory

说起寝室，永久话题就是换寝室(change the dormitory/dorm)。要求换寝室的原因主要是寝室自然环境不好，即有寝室卫生问题，人文环境不好。而宿舍的特点是：男生显然是脏，乱，差且臭，女生是整洁，明亮且有芳香。

篇2：托福听力出现复杂句式如何秒懂

托福听力出现复杂句式如何秒懂?5个实例具体分析重点要点

1)反问句

Isn’t that just for when you need help with writing/, like an essay or research paper? (TPO24-C2)

同学们一听就会知道是个问句，以及会听到writing、research paper这些词，但会感觉开头有点快，这一点主要因为发音快导致不易辨认清楚。本句其实是Isn’t just for sth.这种反问句句式，在听的方面主要是区分isn’t that和is that的发音;在理解上就要注意反问句所表达的偏强调的意思。

2)强调句

But actually, it was a physicist/ who came up with a method that was a breakthrough. (TPO15-L3)

这句话较简单，主要是同学们容易听懂了仍然不清楚这是强调句型it was sb. who…，而这个句型基本上是初中语法知识，但你看，作为用得少的典范，就容易反应不出，即使它再简单。

3)插入语

So the original hypothesis/ that the stones found with sauropods were gastroliths/, even though it hasn’t been supported/, has helped us to make new hypothesis/, which may eventually lead to the answer. (TPO27-L3)

这句话比刚才的难度要大，首先要判断出that引出同位语，指hypothesis，所以从the original hypothesis到gastroliths是主语，根据我们上一期文章提到的抓“核心主谓宾”的方法，要有意识抓谓语动词。接着听到even though，这个时候就要召唤语法预判能力了，因为even though固定搭配“虽然…但是…/即使…也…”，所以even though引导的都是让步从句，我们仍然要抓主句，也就继续等待刚才“the original hypothesis…gastroliths”主语部分之后的谓语动词出现，此后我们听到has helped…确定谓语动词。到此为止，主干部分已经清楚So the original hypothesis…has helped us to make new hypothesis。最后which引导定语从句修饰new hypothesis，较简单。

另外本句要注意听出hasn’t been supported, has helped的否定和肯定，否则逻辑仍会混乱。本句语法成分较多：同位语，插入语，定语从句，但相对最难的是插入语。

4)被动句

It was presented in the works of well-known Greek philosophers/ as early as the fourth century B.C.E. (TPO21-L1)

本句如果第一遍没听懂，则要在精听中的第二遍听主干，也就是核心主谓宾：It was presented…再在第三遍抓里面的细节，也就是其他介词引导的部分;其中注意连读works of，as early as;本句为大家也用得相对较少的被动句句式。

5)倒装句

Only after the site at Gonur-depe was excavated/ were archaeologists able to identify it/ as coming from Gonur-depe. (TPO28-L4)

本句首先听听前半部分有明显的停顿were，那么迅速判断only after…were是明显的倒装句。事实上本句很多同学看都不一定看得懂，这就考查语法功底的扎实程度了。

托福听力练习：蛋白质测试补充DNA分析

DNA analysis is a staple of crime scenes—and crime shows, like HBO's The Night of or the old standby, CSI:

“We just need to get this to the DNA lab, confirm it's the victim's blood. And then, case closed.”

And it's not just for crime: DNA sequencing also helps determine our relationship to Neandertals, and our primate cousins.

Problem is, DNA's a relatively fragile molecule—it doesn't last forever. What's more sturdy is protein. So now researchers have come up with a way to use protein in a similar way to DNA: to link an individual to a piece of evidence or to determine ethnic background.

The protein source these scientists studied was human hair, from 76 individuals of European-American, African-American and Kenyan descent. And they determined that the variation of a couple hundred proteins in a person's hair could be enough to single her out from a group of one million individuals.

The way it works is that proteins are made according to the instructions in DNA. So one individual's genetic variations can result in slightly different proteins being made, compared to another individual. And by determining the protein composition, the scientists can then extrapolate info about the DNA. The results are in the journal PLoS ONE.

The researchers say the technique still is not ready for prime-time—ideally the process needs to be more sensitive, to avoid consuming valuable crime scene or archaeological samples in the analysis. And the statistics behind the technique need to be validated, too. But someday, they say, it could come within a hair of DNA analysis.

DNA分析是犯罪现场和犯罪片采用的主要方法，就像家庭影院频道(HBO)的电视剧《罪恶之夜》和老牌美剧《犯罪现场调查》中经常出现的场面。

“我们只需要将这个送到DNA实验室，确认这是受害者的血迹。然后就可以结案了。”

但是，DNA分析不仅仅只是用于犯罪调查，DNA序列还可以帮助确定我们与尼恩特人以及与灵长类动物的关系。

问题是，DNA是一个相对脆弱的分子，其并不会永远存在。更加坚固的是蛋白质。所以现在研究人员提出了一种利用蛋白质的新方法，该种方法与DNA的使用方法非常相似：将个体同证据联系起来，或是确定种族背景。

这些科学家研究的蛋白质来自人类的头发，这些头发采集自欧裔美国人、非洲裔美国人以及肯尼亚的76个个体。科学家发现，一个人头发中数百个蛋白质的变化足以将该个体与其他100百万个个体相区分。

这种方法就是根据DNA的指令来操作蛋白质。所以，与其他个体相比较，一个个体的基因变异会产生略有不同的蛋白质。通过确定蛋白质的组成，科学家可以推断出DNA的信息。这项研究结果发表在《公共科学图书馆·综合》杂志上。

研究人员表示，这项技术尚未成熟，在理想情况下，该过程需要更加的谨慎，以避免在分析中浪费宝贵的犯现场或其他考古样本。另外，该技术的支持数据也还需要验证。但是，科学家表示，有朝一日可以实现通过头发来验证DNA。

重点讲解：

1. come up with 想出，提出(计划、想法等);

例句：I had a hard time trying to come up with an idea.

为了想出主意我苦思了半天。

2. single out 单独挑出;特别选出;

例句：He was singled out for special training.

他被选拨出来接受专门训练。

3. according to 依据，根据，依照 (原则等);

例句：He ranged the books according to size.

他照大小顺序排列这些书。

4. result in 导致;引起;造成;

例句：It resulted in a diminished output.

这导致了减产。

5. compared to 与…相比;和…比起来;

例句：The cost is just peanuts compared to what you get from the money.

和你投资所获得的利益相比，这点成本就不算什么。

2020托福听力练习：鲨鱼体内含毒素或威胁类

Living at the top of the food chain, sharks can accumulate dangerous levels of methylmercury. So much that pregnant women and children are advised not to eat shark at all. But sharks can accumulate another toxin too, called BMAA, which has been linked to the development of neurodegenerative disease. Which could be bad news for shark eaters.

“Mercury in combination with BMAA is a one-two punch.” Deborah Mash, a professor of neurology at the University of Miami's Miller School of Medicine. “These are two synergistic toxins. So even if there are low levels of exposure from the mercury or the BMAA, when humans are exposed to both of these toxins, then they will have a synergistic effect on the nervous system.”

BMAA starts out in cyanobacteria, and travels up the food chain through crabs and shrimp and fish. And, as previous studies have shown, makes all the way to sharks. What Mash and her colleagues wanted to know was how widespread the problem was, and if the chemical often appeared alongside mercury. So they analyzed fin and muscle samples from 10 species of shark—55 individuals in all—from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. And they found BMAA and mercury in all 10 species. Suggesting that exposure to that “one-two punch” could be pretty common. The results are in the journal Toxins.

It's still not clear at this point what sort of risk this occasional exposure through food might have. Still, Mash isn't waiting.

“I myself would not want to be exposed to BMAA or methyl mercury in my diet by eating shark fin or shark meat or taking shark cartilage products. We already know that mercury is toxic to our health. And we already know that BMAA plus mercury is a very bad mix for the brain. So people need to be concerned, and I think that's not only for the benefit of us as consumers, but also to the poor sharks, who are threatened with extinction.”

Conservationists have argued for years that sharks should be spared. Maybe now that it's us who are threatened... people might finally start to leave them alone.

因为生活在食物链的顶端，所以鲨鱼可以积累达到危险水平的汞。因为鲨鱼体内的汞含量非常高，所以建议孕妇和儿童不要吃鲨鱼。但是，鲨鱼还能积累另外一种毒素——BMAA，这种毒素与神经退行性疾病的发展有关。这对爱吃鲨鱼的人来说可是个坏消息。

“汞和BMAA的结合可谓是双重重击。”黛博拉·马许是迈阿密大学米勒医学院的神经学教授。“这是两种协同作用的毒素。即使汞或者BMAA的含量很低，但是只要人类接触到这两种毒素，它们就会对人的神经系统产生协同效应。”

BMAA最初存在于蓝藻中，之后通过螃蟹、虾类和鱼类进入食物链上层。此前的研究已经表明，BMAA最后进入鲨鱼体内。马许和她的同事们想知道，如果这种化学物质经常和汞一起出现，那这个问题的普遍性有多大。所以，他们从太平洋和大西洋的55只鲨鱼中提取分析了10种鲨鱼的鳍和肌肉样本。在这10种鲨鱼中，均发现了BMAA和汞。这表明，这两种毒素的结合非常普遍。该研究结果发表在《毒素》杂志上。

目前尚不清楚通过食物接触这些毒素会产生何种风险。但是马许并没有坐等结果。

“我不想因为吃鱼翅、鲨鱼肉或服用鲨鱼软骨制品而在饮食中接触到BMAA或甲基汞。我们已经知道汞危害我们的健康。我们也知道BMAA和汞结合会对我们的大脑造成更严重的危害。所以，我认为人们担心的不应该仅仅是我们作为消费者的利益，同时也要担心濒临灭绝的可怜的鲨鱼。”

多年来，环保人士一直认为应该保护鲨鱼。也许现在受到威胁的是我们人类……所以，现在人们可能不会再去管它们了。

重点讲解：

1. even if 即使;尽管;纵然;

例句：They'll stand by you even if you don't succeed.

即使你不成功他们也会支持你。

2. be exposed to 使暴露于(险境);使遭受(危险或不快);

例句：Women who are exposed to mercury, cadmium, or vinyl chloride before conceiving seem to be especially likely to have autistic kids.

女性在怀孕期间接触汞、镉或氯乙烯很有可能会生出自闭症患儿。

3. start out 起初是…;

例句：He started out to fix the car himself, but in the end, he had to ask for help.

起初他本打算自己修车，可最后他还是不得不请人帮忙。

4. leave alone 听…自便;随…去;不打扰;

例句：Some people need to confront a traumatic past; others find it better to leave it alone.

有人需要直面过去的创伤，有人则觉得不去想它为妙。

篇3：托福听力出现复杂句式怎样秒懂

托福听力出现复杂句式如何秒懂

1)反问句

Isn’t that just for when you need help with writing/, like an essay or research paper? (TPO24-C2)

2)强调句

But actually, it was a physicist/ who came up with a method that was a breakthrough. (TPO15-L3)

3)插入语

4)被动句

It was presented in the works of well-known Greek philosophers/ as early as the fourth century B.C.E. (TPO21-L1)

5)倒装句

Only after the site at Gonur-depe was excavated/ were archaeologists able to identify it/ as coming from Gonur-depe. (TPO28-L4)

2020托福听力练习：石器时代人类烹煮食物

Chimpanzees spend about half their day chewing.

“And for context, think about how much time a day you spend chewing.”

Daniel Lieberman, a professor of human evolutionary biology at Harvard University.

“So how did we make that transition, from spending most of our day or half of our day chewing, to spending less than five percent?”

Cooking certainly tenderizes food, making it easier to chew and digest.

But evidence for human cook fires goes back only about 500,000 years, if that.

And Homo erectus had already evolved weaker jaws, and smaller teeth, more than a million years before that.

So Lieberman and his colleague Katherine Zink began their investigation by recreating a paleolithic dinner:yams, carrots, beets… and goat meat.

“If you were to try to eat some raw goat with your teeth you would find that you would chew and chew and chew, it's like bubblegum.”

Lucky volunteers got to experience that, by chewing the food.

Either in its wild, un-tenderized state, or after it was bashed or sliced with Flintstonian tools.

As the study subjects ate, the researchers monitored the frequency and force of each chew.

And they found that a diet of abundant, pre-sliced meat, with a side of pounded root vegetables, might have saved Homo erectus two and a half million chews a year.

Meaning: less need for big, bulky jaws and teeth.

The research is in the journal Nature.

Of course, these days “processed food” has a pretty bad rap.

But for our ancestors, food processing was key.

“It's hard for people today to imagine what it was like to eat and cook and hunt during those times.

For the vast majority of our evolutionary history, our ancestors had to work pretty hard to chew their dinner.”

Something for you to chew on, perhaps over dinner tonight.Chimpanzees spend about half their day chewing. 黑猩猩每天要在咀嚼食物上花掉将近一半的时间。

And for context, think about how much time a day you spend chewing. 相比之下，想想你每天花多少时间用来咀嚼呢?

Daniel Lieberman, a professor of human evolutionary biology at Harvard University. 哈佛大学的人类进化生物教授丹尼尔利伯尔曼说道。

So how did we make that transition, from spending most of our day or half of our day chewing, to spending less than five percent? 那我们是如何实现这种转变的呢?从一天吃东西花费大部分时间到现在大约不到5%的时间的呢?”

Cooking certainly tenderizes food, making it easier to chew and digest. 烹调确实让食物变得更软，更易咀嚼和消化。

But evidence for human cook fires goes back only about 500,000 years, if that. 但人类利用火进行烹调的证据只能追溯到大约500,0前，如果的确如此的话。

And Homo erectus had already evolved weaker jaws, and smaller teeth, more than a million years before that. 而直立人进化出相对脆弱的下颌及小牙齿要比那个时候还早100万年。

So Lieberman and his colleague Katherine Zink began their investigation by recreating a paleolithic dinner: 因此利伯尔曼和他的同事凯瑟琳辛克通过重新还原旧石器时代的一顿晚餐开始了对此的调查研究:

yams, carrots, beets… and goat meat. 山药，胡萝卜，甜菜，还有山羊肉。

If you were to try to eat some raw goat with your teeth you would find that you would chew and chew and chew, it's like bubblegum. 如果你试着用牙齿直接吃生羊肉，你就会发现需要不停咀嚼，像在嚼泡泡糖一样。

Lucky volunteers got to experience that, by chewing the food. 参与这项研究的幸运志愿者们在咀嚼食物时有了这样的体验。

Either in its wild, un-tenderized state, or after it was bashed or sliced with Flintstonian tools. 不管是野生，未经烹调，还是通过打火石工具敲打切碎后的食物都是这样。

As the study subjects ate, the researchers monitored the frequency and force of each chew. 而随着研究对象的进食,研究人员们对他们每次咀嚼的频率和力度进行了检测。

And they found that a diet of abundant, pre-sliced meat, with a side of pounded root vegetables, might have saved Homo erectus two and a half million chews a year. 结果他们发现丰盛的一餐，肉类，根茎类蔬菜提前切好也许可以使直立人每年减少250万次咀嚼。

Meaning: less need for big, bulky jaws and teeth. 这就表明不需要巨大的，笨重的下颌以及牙齿。

The research is in the journal Nature. 这项研究已在《自然》杂志上发表。

Of course, these days processed food has a pretty bad rap. 当然，这些天加工食品的口碑不是很好。

But for our ancestors, food processing was key. 但对我们的祖先而言，食物加工处理可是关键性的一环。

We live such modern lives that it's hard for people today to imagine what it was like to eat and cook and hunt during those times. 我们现在过着这样的生活，而现在的人们很难想象在当时那种条件下吃东西、烹饪及狩猎是什么样子。

For the vast majority of our evolutionary history, our ancestors had to work pretty hard to chew their dinner. 在我们人类进化历史上很大一部分时间里，我们的祖先必须很努力的咀嚼自己的晚餐食物。

Something for you to chew on, perhaps over dinner tonight. 而对你而言，一顿晚餐或许要用一整晚才能搞定。

2020托福听力练习：蝙蝠免疫力抗击埃博拉病毒

When a virus invades your cells, it kicks your immune machinery into motion.

The first responders are signaling proteins, called interferons.

And they trigger downstream immune responses.

So you can kind of think of them as the hormones of the immune system.

They're triggered and then they stimulate a bunch of other immune responses that are more specific to that pathogen.

Michelle Baker, a comparative immunologist at the Australian Animal Health Laboratory.

In the spirit of comparative immunology, Baker and her colleagues looked at how another mammal—the black flying fox, a type of bat—handles infections.

They sequenced its immunity genes, and observed the immune response in normal bat cells.

And they found that, unlike us—the bats always have interferons on patrol.

Meaning the proteins do not wait to be activated by invaders.

And the researchers say that this constant state of high alert may be why bats can carry Ebola, Nipah virus, and a whole lot of other infections with no symptoms at all.

The findings appear in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

So why not switch on those interferons 24/7 in humans?

Well in us, they also tend to cause lots of inflammation and cell damage.

Like the symptoms you feel from the flu—a lot of that is your immune system's fault.

But the key might be to do as the bats do.

“If we can just skew the response of our immune system so it triggers an antiviral response without the pro-inflammatory effects, then we might have something we can work with in terms of a novel therapeutic for humans.”

Bats have long been known to harbor disease.

So it would be fitting if they also taught us how to fight it

When a virus invades your cells, it kicks your immune machinery into motion. 当病毒入侵你的细胞，免疫系统开始工作。

The first responders are signaling proteins, called interferons. 首先起作用的就是信号蛋白，它也被称为干扰素。

And they trigger downstream immune responses. 而它会触发下游免疫反应。

So you can kind of think of them as the hormones of the immune system. 因此你可以把它们想象成免疫系统的荷尔蒙。

They're triggered and then they stimulate a bunch of other immune responses that are more specific to that pathogen. 免疫系统开始工作后，就会刺激一系列针对病原体更具体的其他免疫反应。

Michelle Baker, a comparative immunologist at the Australian Animal Health Laboratory. 米歇尔.贝克尔是澳大利亚动物卫生实验室的比较免疫学家。

In the spirit of comparative immunology, Baker and her colleagues looked at how another mammal-the black flying fox, a type of bat-handles infections. 本着比较免疫学理论，贝克尔和她的同事们对其它哺乳动物蝙蝠的一种，黑狐蝠应对感染的方式进行了观察。

They sequenced its immunity genes, and observed the immune response in normal bat cells. 研究人员对免疫基因进行了排序，并观察了正常蝙蝠细胞的免疫反应。

And they found that, unlike us-the bats always have interferons on patrol. 而结果他们发现，与我们人类所不同的是，蝙蝠体内的干扰素一直在起作用。

Meaning the proteins do not wait to be activated by invaders. 这代表着蛋白质不需要等待入侵后才开始激活。

And the researchers say that this constant state of high alert may be why bats can carry Ebola, Nipah virus, and a whole lot of other infections with no symptoms at all. 而研究人员称这种持续的高警戒状态可能是蝙蝠携带埃博拉病毒、尼帕病毒及其它感染性疾病但却没有出现任何症状的原因。

The findings appear in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 这项研究已在《美国国家科学院院刊》上发表。

So why not switch on those interferons 24/7 in humans? 那为何不激活人体内的干扰素呢?

Well in us, they also tend to cause lots of inflammation and cell damage. 对人类的身体而言，这样会引起大量炎症并造成细胞损伤。

Like the symptoms you feel from the flu-a lot of that is your immune system's fault. 免疫系统缺失就像感染流感病毒一样。

But the key might be to do as the bats do. 但关键在于我们如何模仿蝙蝠。

If we can just skew the response of our immune system so it triggers an antiviral response without the pro-inflammatory effects, then we might have something we can work with in terms of a novel therapeutic for humans. 如果我们只是让自身免疫系统发生偏差，这样就可以在没有任何炎症的情况下抗击病毒，因此我们可以利用这种新方法治疗人类疾病。

Bats have long been known to harbor disease. 一直以来人类就知晓，蝙蝠可以免疫于疾病。

So it would be fitting if they also taught us how to fight it. 因此如果我们通过这些小动物学会怎样抗击疾病，那就再好不过了。

篇4：盘点托福听力高频词组和表达句式，可用在口语哦

way 作副词用，表示程度，意为“太...”

(eg.The phone is way expensive. )

kind of：有些

sort of(同上)

(eg. I'm kind of tired.)

It’s safe to say 可以放心地说

It’s fair to say (同上)

(eg. Its safe to say that the atmosphere is getting worse.)

this is where…comes into picture 这就是...发挥作用的时候了

this is where…comes into play(同上)

this is where…comes in(同上)

this is where…kicks in(同上)

(eg. This is where survival instinct kicks in.)

has to do with 和...有关

has little to do with 和...基本无关

has a lot to do with 和...有很大关系

has nothing to do with 和...无关

has everything to do with 和...完全相关

(eg. The climate has a lot to do with humanity.)

in terms of 关于

when it comes to(同上)

as for(同上)

(eg. He is the best in terms of communication skills.)

doesn’t necessarily mean 不一定意味着

(eg. He doesn't do well in exams, but that does not necessarily mean he is not smart.)

He does have a point. 他说的有道理

make a point 说明问题

at some point 在某个时候

up to a point 到一定的程度

You get the idea. 你懂的。

Don't get me wrong. 不要误会我的意思。

(eg.Don't get me wrong. I like to be with you guys, but I really have to go now.)

The paper kind of write itself. 文思泉涌。

Have a hard time doing... 做...有困难

(eg. He has a hard time learning English)

best bet 最好的选择

(eg. At this point, take what you get is your best bet.)

Chances are 可能发生的是

(eg. Chances are you will get fired.)

Tell me about it. 还用说嘛?!

You bet.(同上)

(eg. It's so hot today. Tell me about it!)

it wouldn't hurt to... 不妨...

(eg. It probably won't work, but it would't hurt to try.)

I have been there before. 我有过类似的经历

let me put it in this way 让我这么说吧

how can I put it 我该怎么说呢

In a way 从某种程度上来说

(In a way, It's a goo thing.)

pretty much 基本上

(eg. I'm pretty much losing the game.)

篇5：托福听力易出题语气词汇句式类考点介绍

1、表示“重要”的词。

Important\\Crucial\\Significant\\Essential\\Key\\Meaningful\\Worth

2、表示“独特”、“有趣”、“惊人”的词。

独特Unique\\Special\\Unusual\\Exceptional\\Extraordinary 有趣interesting\\Fascinating\\Intriguing\\Exciting 惊人surprising\\Amazing\\Incredible\\Unbelievable\\Wow\\Oops\\Turn Out

3、表示“真的”的词。

Really\\Actually\\Virtually\\ Literally\\In Fact\\As A Matter Of Fact

4、“程度副词”表强调。Very\\Quite\\Pretty\\Extremely\\Drastically\\Dramatically\\Particularly\\Exceptionally

5、“修饰词、插入语”表强调。

Even\\Just\\Well\\I Mean\\ (As) You Know\\Of Course

6、“极端词”表强调。

All\\Any\\Never\\Must\\Have To\\Only\\Merely\\Barely\\Few\\Little\\Completely\\Definitely\\Exactl

篇6：托福听力易出题语气词汇句式类考点介绍

1、特殊语气。比如同样的一句话I believe him.结尾用升调说出来可以表达怀疑或讽刺。

2、模仿、引用的语气。听力中有时会用明显的有一个语气的变化来表示是另一个人说的，通常这种地方容易出题。

3、重读或停顿。重量的重。例如Paris is THE place to go.这句，重读the即表示巴黎是“唯一的那个地方”。

4、放慢速度清晰强调。

篇7：托福听力材料

托福听力素材：30个美国校园场景

1.东西丢了：lost the key，can’t found the note

2.剃头：hardly bald, hairstyle change for not covering the eyes, cut curl hair

3.搭车：pick up the third one at the airline, give me a ride to the office

4.穿衣: a jean and T-shirt for interview is casual, clothes is wet before the concert

5.花需要光: put the flower to the window, the bookcase will prevent the sunlight, need the fresh

6.忘了: slip my mind, forgot to give the note to someone

7.图书馆: spend the whole day in the library, make the photocopy at library, meet at the library, return the books to the library, library is a better place to study

8.室友: looking for a roommate, roommate should apologize, roommate is too noisy,

9.吃的:fish can’t be eat, berry is a bush even for a bird, bread is over toasted, vegetables are over cooked, bread may be in the refrigerator,

10.借东西: lend me calculus book(calculator), borrow the money from check, borrow car for shopping

11.天气：clean up for picnic, cold enough for skating, snowing too much to fly, so hot that we need an air conditioner,

12.作业能否完成：wait till the last minute, chemistry test without time for reading, fill out the financial aid form without the priority, paper extended to the next week

13.第三者: have done it for me

14.排队: magazine to kill the time, read the magazine twice, go early for not queue

15.得病看医生: need another doctor, it is open till 10 at the health center, take the pill the doctor assigned,

16.没空帮忙: can’t give you a ride due to the meeting tomorrow morning,

17.锻炼减肥: lost weight, two blue clothes but one with the large size

18.电影或音乐会: see the concert twice make sense again, sell ticket to you so that you come with me, lectured by some professor is worth watching,

19.还书: return so as not to pay fine, help me return the books,

20.重新考虑以前的决定: reconsider your decision,

21.转让: movie ticket

22.加入社团: garden club, find another committee member to replace,

23.认不出来: beard, bother is different,

24.住房: find an apartment under 500 dollars, find a larger apartment, live nearer to the campus

25.放松: join a entertainment club for leisure, spend more time outdoors,

26.约会: (appointment), reschedule one of the appointment

27.关门了(过期了): museum closed, cafeteria closed,

28.照相: film run out, film not processed, film not good

29.同去: come go with me

30.太吵: too noisy, can’t concentrate

托福听力场景之艺术场景分析

一、艺术场景细分

艺术类场景的细分就比较复杂了。首先，艺术类可以简单分为：艺术家及艺术形式，艺术史(art history)，艺术理论，艺术保护(art conservation)这四个话题。其中，艺术形式涉及的内容就更多了，按目前TPO里的讲座来看，具体的艺术形式可以有：电影、歌剧、诗歌、散文、话剧、建筑、雕塑、绘画、音乐及乐器、舞蹈等。这个话题主要是说艺术家及其风格特色;艺术史着重的是与艺术有关的人或事情的发展，历史价值;艺术理论比较抽象，我们可以这么理解，如果艺术家和艺术形式是在讲具体的画，画中的景，景用的颜色等，那么艺术理论就是在说，颜色要怎么调，景色要怎么选…;艺术保护类的文章，顾名思义，不仅说具体的艺术品，还会讨论如何保护不会损坏，如何修复。

二、艺术场景难度分析

艺术场景难度起伏比较大，有的时候会比较简单，有的时候也是噩梦。

词汇难度

首先，从场景词汇的角度去说，由于具体的场景可以有非常多的细分，因此，艺术类场景的词汇非常繁杂。

比如，绘画这个场景中常出现的词汇有：brush 画笔;canvas 帆布、画布;sketch 素描、描绘;figure人物;gallery 画廊;pigment 颜料……

文学类的文章中常出现的词汇有：chapter 章节;biography 传纪;fiction 小说;character 人物;tale 故事;plot 情节……

电影类的文章中常出现的词汇有：edit 编辑;sciencefiction 科幻;costume 戏服;Narration 旁白……

简单以上面三个具体话题为例，我们发现，不同的场景里最常出现的词汇都不太一样，因为这些具体的艺术类型本身区别也比较大。词汇的繁杂也就体现在这里，因为艺术类场景所涉及的具体艺术形式有很多，且词汇相互重复率不高，因此要灵活掌握的单词数量也不少。

除了词汇数量之外，很多艺术类词汇还体现了另外一个特点：一词多义，或者说熟词僻义。

比如说，TPO 1的第1篇讲油画的讲座中就出现了N次movement这个词，“so, you‘ve probably studies both of these movements, separately, separatemovements, realism and impressionism in some of your art history courses…”, ”thisgives her an understanding of body movements and actions, how humans move andstand still”这两个句子当中movement明显不是同一个意思，后一句中的movement是常见的“移动”的意思，但第一个句子中的movement的意思，就绝对不是移动，根据上下文，应该是类似style的意思。当然，后句中still也是熟词僻义，表示静止的意思。朗阁海外考试研究中心的专家在研究和跟踪考试的过程中发现，艺术类中的一词多义最多，比如setting, 常见意思为“设置”，艺术里表示“背景”，这还算是一个艺术场景中比较普遍的词汇;pattern, 常见意思为“模式”，还有“花纹”的意思;vibrant, 常见意思为“有生命力的”，艺术讲座中还有“明亮”的意思，比如vibrant color; hero, 在艺术类文章中还可以表示“男主角”。

文章难度

艺术类文章难度浮动大也就体现在这一方面。

一般来说，讲艺术家及艺术形式的文章是相对比较简单的，虽然艺术类的大背景很多同学不算熟悉，但ETS选择的艺术家、艺术品、艺术风格基本都是比较易于接受和理解的，比较生活化的。比如说，在绘画类的讲座中，有提过梵高，有提过莫奈，有提过很多著名的画家，他们的风格和作品都是普通人可以理解的，但没有提过毕加索，因为他老人家的风格就是没有固定的风格，他的画很多人看着也不理解，听了讲解也似懂非懂，他的画体现的内容还有社会的扭曲这样抽象、深层次的内容，他的造诣很高，但很多作品不大众化。一般来说，艺术家及艺术形式类文章不会找这些如此不大众化的内容，而且，作为语言类考试，虽然会有讲具体艺术专业的内容，但一般不会考到。同样以TPO 1中的第1篇讲座为例，文章中有讲述具体的某幅油画是怎么画的，这样的内容出现了3次，“It’s anoutdoor scene, an everyday scene. It’s kind of bleak(画面萧条), which you can really see those broad brushstrokes(笔触很宽)and the blurry lines(线条模糊).”和“Impressionist painters tended to apply paintreally thickly(油彩有的厚), and in big brushstrokes(大笔触), so the texture of the canvas was rough.”以及“the background of the painting, this woman with the pumpkins，is wrapped in a blanket of broad thick brushstrokes(画的背景就是以厚厚宽宽的笔触画上去的一层油彩), and, it’s all kinds of zigzagging brushstrokes(锯齿状笔触)and lines, kind of chaotic almost when you look atit close. And there are vibrant colors. There’s lots of orange, with littlehints of an electric blue peeking out(点缀着星星点点的闪电蓝).” 以上这么多内容，说法虽专业，但一个字也没有考到!综上，讲艺术家及艺术形式的文章对于词汇量没什么大问题的考生来说算是不难的。

艺术史同样也是比较容易的，艺术史当中强调的是历史，有的时候会结合具体的艺术家，艺术风格进行分析，比如TPO 3的第2篇讲座，讲电影史的，就有提到两个不同的电影制作家，以及各自的风格;而有时，艺术史就单纯的在讲历史事件的发生或者发展，比如TPO 8的第2篇讲座，讲艺术史的，就是在讲女子艺术学校的发展，没有提到具体的艺术作品或者艺术风格。只要单词不是硬伤，这类文章也很好理解。

而讲艺术理论和艺术保护的文章，可能就没前两种那么简单了。虽然没有哪篇艺术类文章开头说的是“Listen to part of a lecture in an art theoryclass”，但艺术理论类的文章确实不一样，其中不牵涉到具体的艺术风格、艺术作品、艺术家，就是单纯在讲理论，比如，TPO 27的第4篇讲座，就是在讲3原色的理论;托福听力机经中也有出现过考golden ratio黄金分割的理论及其应用。这些文章之所以难，原因之一是比较抽象，当然，如果本身对于内容背景，比如三原色理论或者黄金分割的概念非常清楚的，那听力理解肯定比较充分。但对于背景知识不是很了解的考生，这样抽象的文章，就会听得似懂非懂，这就好比去听这样的一句话“The term cognition refers to mental states likeknowing and believing, and to mental process that we use to arrive at thosestates”, 词汇都没问题，翻译过来的意思是：认知这个术语指的是心理状态，比如知道，或者相信，同样也指心理过程，通过这些心理过程会达到之前说的心理状态。且不论英文，中文的意思都比较抽象，不具体，没例子，所以理解起来肯定会有困难。在ETS发布的官方指南(OG)中，对于听力22分以上的考生是认定为水平高的考生，而ETS认为高水平的考生具备的听力能力当中就有这么一条：“understand abstract or complex ideas”，因此意思抽象的文章绝非偶然，是肯定会有的，是ETS安排好的来考察考生听力能力高低的一项。

当然，除了意思抽象之外，艺术理论类的文章还有一个难点，同样也是艺术保护类文章的难点：学科交叉内容比较多。在OG中，就有这样的要求，考生需要“understanddifferent kinds of material on a variety of topics”，这指的就可以是学科交叉。学科交叉就是指会涉及到其他学科的内容，比如TPO 15的第3篇讲座，讲的是阿基米德重写稿的保存和恢复，其中的保存部分就涉及到了物理的内容，ultraviolet light, X-ray等这样的词汇和概念;同样刚刚提过的TPO 27的第4篇讲3原色的讲座，也讲到了心理学(psychology, emotions)，物理学(spectrum, wave length)。学科交叉的难点在于对于听力细节把握的要求比较高，容错率比较低，如果有些内容没听懂，很有可能就不理解学科间是如何转换的，不理解艺术类的文章怎么就突然说到物理的光谱、波长，这样一来，对文章的理解就会有不到位，毕竟“recognize how pieces of information are connected”也是OG中给出的托福听力高分要点之一。

三、如何应对艺术类场景难点

如果艺术类场景词汇有所欠缺，最好的方式不是买本单词书去背，而是利用“学科听力法”，即不按TPO 1, 2, 3, 4, 5…这样的顺序去听，而是按话题去听，把艺术类话题的讲座都找出来，短时间内练习完，那么重要的、常见的单词肯定会在数篇文章中不止一次的听见，从而加深印象。当然，为了应对艺术类文章中的一词多义或者熟词僻义，那就需要在对文章理解的过程中不得过且过，抓住每一个理解不顺的细节，因为如果有内容理解不顺，肯定说明它不是你想的那个意思。对于眼熟，但是意思说不太通的单词，一定要有耐心去翻字典查一查。

而如果是文章内容抽象，或者文章学科交叉现象多的，不仅需要多听艺术类的文章，而且还要多听其他话题的文章，比如心理学类型的文章通常都比较抽象，可以多听多体会，而艺术类场景比较容易涉及到另外几个场景，比如，考古、物理、心理，也要利用“学科听力法”多多练习。

托福听力备考之同音词汇总

eight - number between 7 and 9, 8

ate - past tense of eat, 吃的过去式

bear - a big, hairy animal

bear - to be able to withstand something

bare - exposed

bred - past tense of breed 繁殖的过去式

bread - a type of food 面包

be - is 主动词 be

bee - an insect 蜜蜂

caught - past tense of catch 抓的过去式

cot - a portable bed that folds for storage 轻便小床

fan - a device for moving air 风扇

fan - short for fanatic 狂热，爱好者

groan - noise made in misery 呻吟

grown - fully mature 长大的

hart- 雄鹿

heart - energetic or enthusiastic 心脏

herd - a group of animals 牧群

heard - past tense of hear 听的过去式

I - me, myself 我

eye - body part we see with 眼睛

made - past tense of make 做的过去式

maid - a lady that cleans home or hotels for a living 女佣

no - opposite of yes 不

know - be aware of something 知道

roes - plural of roe = an argument 雌鹿的过去式

rows - plural of row = a row (line, queue) of vegetables planted in a farmer's field, a row of seats in a theatre 行，排

rows - present tense of row, as in rowing a boat (propelling a boat through the water with a paddle) 划船的现在式

rose - a beautiful flower that grows on a thorny stem 玫瑰

wring - twist 绞，扭

ring - noise a bell makes 敲钟，打电话

scent - smell 气味

sent - past tense of send 邮寄的过去式

see - to view something

sea - large body of salt water

threw - past tense of throw

through - finished or completed, also, to give direction (Go through the tunnel)

tail - cats and dogs have them 尾巴

tale - a story 故事

there they're their

week - 7 days

weak - not strong

worn - well used 用旧的，疲倦的

warn - to give notice of potential danger 警告

wood - what we get from trees

would - past tense of will

wore - past tense of wear 穿的过去式

war - what we call it when two countries' armies are fighting

one - a single unit

won - past tense of win

you'll

Yule- 圣诞季节

托福听力地质学中的“岩石”词汇分类

岩石(rock)一般分为三大类：

(一)火成岩(igneous rock)是指岩浆冷却后(地壳里喷出的岩浆，或者被融化的现存岩石)，成形的一种岩石。

常见的火成岩有：

花岗岩 granite: a very hard grey rock, often used in building

玄武岩 basalt: a type of black rock produced by volcanoes

黑曜石 obsidian: a type of rock that looks like black glass

浮石 pumice: very light grey rock from a volcano

granite basalt obsidian pumice

托福TPO真题链接：

Dating was used to establish that half of the sandstone in the samples was formed at the same time the granite in the Appalachian Mountains was formed. TPO-1

(二)沉积岩(sedimentary rock)是在地表不太深的地方，将其他岩石的风化产物和一些火山喷发物，经过水流或冰川的搬运、沉积、成岩作用形成的岩石。

常见的沉积岩有：

煤 coal: a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock

砂石 sandstone: a type of soft yellow or red rock

石灰石 limestone: a type of rock that contains calcium

页岩 shale: a smooth soft rock which breaks easily into thin flat pieces

石膏 gypsum: a soft white substance

白云石 dolomite: a kind of sedimentary rock

coal sandstone limestone shale gypsum dolomite

托福TPO真题链接：

It was formed from sandstone that solidified somewhere between 150 and 300 million years ago. TPO-1

Another difference, very important today for distinguishing between older lake beds and newer ones, is the location of the limestone formations. TPO-9

(三)变质岩(metamorphic rock)是指受到地球内部力量(温度、压力、应力的变化、化学成分等)改造而成的新型岩石。固态的岩石在地球内部的压力和温度作用下，发生物质成分的迁移和重结晶，形成新的矿物组合。

常见的变质岩有：

大理石 marble: a type of hard rock that becomes smooth when it is polished

石英石 quartzite: hard metamorphic rock consisting essentially of interlocking quartz crystals

板岩 slate: a dark grey rock that can easily be split into flat thin pieces

片麻岩 gneiss: a laminated rock similar to granite

marble quartzite slate gneiss

托福TPO真题链接：

Then they shipped these plastic casts to workshops all over the empire, where they were replicated in marble or bronze. TPO-18

篇8：托福听力常用词语

托福听力常用词语整理

artist 艺术家

choreographer 舞蹈编排家

critic 批评家

satirist 讽刺作家

inventor 发明家

biographer 自传作家?

sculptor 雕塑家

feminist 女权主义者

humanitarian 人道主义者

imagist 意象派诗人

philanthropist 慈善家

proprietor 业主

mortal 凡人

precursor 先驱

figurehead 名誉领袖

disciple 学徒

apprentice 学徒

mechanic 机械工

minimalist 简单抽象派艺术

avant-grade 前卫派

territory 领域

genre 风格/体裁

eccentric 古怪的

odd 怪诞的/奇数的

erratic 奇怪的

weird 怪异的/不可思议的

unique 独一无二的

romantic 浪漫的

innocent 天真的/无罪的

lovelorn 相思病的?

emotional 情绪的/情感的

sentimental 感伤的/多愁善感的

cheerless 无精打采的/无生命力的

patriarchal 家长的/族长的

rigid 僵化的

spare 简朴的.

clumsy 笨拙的

nervous 紧张的

zigzag 曲折的

contemporary 当代的

acclaimed 受欢迎的

preeminent 杰出的

outstanding 杰出的

versatile (人)多才多艺的，(物体)多功能的

household 家庭的/家喻户晓的

genuine 真正的

authentic 逼真的

symbolic 象征性的

immortal 不朽的/神

nostalgia 怀旧主义/思乡

emotive 感人的

prodigious 巨大的

classic 经典的

posthumous 死后的

篇9：托福听力小词经典

托福听力小词经典100例

1，a change of pace 节奏变换

You can’t do these chemistry experiments all day long. You certainly need a change of pace.

2, a far cry from 相距甚远

The published book is far cry from the early manu.

3, and how 的确

A: She’s a good dancer.

B: and how.

4, a matter of time 时间问题

It is only a matter of time.

5, a phone call away 一个电话之远，愿意过来帮忙。

If you need my help, do let me know. Just remember I am a phone call away.

6, a while back 不久以前

7，all along 一直

I knew it all along.

8, anything but 绝对不

I was anything but happy about going.

9, account for 解释

How do you account for it?

10, after all 到底

A: I’ve just seen the X-rays and your teeth look just fine,

B: I see. Then there is nothing to worry about after all.

11, allergic to 对 ……过敏

Oh man! Something in this room is making my eyes itch. I must be allergic to something.

12, at sb’s service 愿为某人服务

I am at your service at any time.

13, around the clock 24小时不停

Martha studied around the clock for management exam.

14, as far as I know 就我所知

15，at home with 对…..很熟悉

She is at home with problems like this.

16, back out

1) 退出

A: Wasn’t Bert supposed to sing tonight?

B: Yes, but he backed out at last minute

2）不履行

She finally backed out of her promise.

17, be cut out for 天生适合

I’m not cut out to be a hero.

18, be absorbed in

She has been absorbed in a horror fiction. I can’t tear her away.

19, be addicted to 对……上瘾

She has been addicted to drugs for years.

20，be attached to 对……有感情

A: I’m amazed that you are still driving that old car of yours. I thought you would have

gotten rid of it years ago.

B: It runs well and I’ve actually been quite attached to i

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